Day 9 2022高考英语思维导图识记3500词汇+阅读打卡（word+ppt+思维导图原件）

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Day 9      2022高考英语3500词汇阅读打卡板块一：brainstorming 板块二：高频词汇词义用法精析cure v.治愈;治好(疾病);解决(问题)　n.药物;治疗;(解决问题、改善糟糕情况的)措施考点必记(1)accuse sb of sth控告某人犯某事remind sb to do sth提醒某人做某事warn sb of sth警告某人某事rob sb of sth抢劫某人某物suspect sb of sth怀疑某人某事(2)cure sb治好某人cure sth治好(疾病);解决(问题)cure sb of sth使某人从某种疾病中痊愈;改正某人的不良行为(3)a cure for...……的治愈方法;解决……的措施 patience n.耐心;忍耐力;毅力考点必记(1)beyond one’s patience无法忍受out of patience不耐烦;失去耐心with patience=patiently耐心地lose patience with对……失去耐心(2)patient adj.耐心的;能忍受的　n.病人be patient with...对……有耐心 treat v. 对待；款待某人；商谈；谈判；处理；看待；视为；医疗；医治；陈述treatment n. 对待；待遇；美容护理；保健护理；治疗；处理；表现；讨论；疗程；医治考点必记a treat   极为有效；棒极了treat someone or something with kid gloves  审慎周到（或机智巧妙）地待人处事treat with  对待；治疗；处理my treat  我请客；我请客了；我作东treat illness  治病properly treat   正确的对待invitation to treat 邀约；请客邀请函treat patient 治疗患者 mental adj. 精神的；心理的；智力的；精神病的；患精神病的；疯的；通过大脑的；在脑中进行的；精神失常的mentally     adv. 智力上；精神上；心理上mentality     n. 心态；心性；智力；智能考点必记mental handicap   心理缺陷；智力障碍mental set        心理定势；心态mental health     心理健康；精神健康mental illness     精神疾病；精神病；心理疾病mental disorder    精神障碍；精神疾病mental ability      心理能力；精神能力；心智能力 physical adj. 身体的；肉体的；物质的；有形的；实物的；体力的；物理学的；身体接触的；自然法则的；自然规律的physically   adv. 身体上地；体格上考点必记physical world     物质世界physical education  体育教育physical training   体格锻炼；体育锻炼physical exercise   体育锻炼；锻炼physical fitness    体能；体质；身体体能 sharp   adj.  锋利的；尖利的；尖的；有突边的；突然的；明显的；偏高的adv；准时地；突然地；急剧地；偏高n. 半升音；缝衣长针；骗子；（Sharp）人名：夏普v. 升音演奏；欺骗考点必记look sharp    赶快the sharp end   关键时刻；紧要关头；船头；最令人不快（或受冲击最大）的方面sharp as a tack   极其机智的；极其狡猾的a sharp eye on    看管；留神；密切注意sharp increase=sharp rise  急剧增加；增长猛烈sharp decline=sharp fall    急速下滑；急速下降；飞速下降 burn  v.  烧；燃烧；晒黑；晒痛；晒伤；以…作燃料；飞速驾驶；刻录；烧伤；烫伤n. 烫伤；烧伤；消耗；烧除地上草木；小溪；烧痕；灼痛；灼热；火辣感觉考点必记burn out             燃料用尽而熄灭；烧坏；停止工作；极度劳累burn down          焚为平地, 烧得精光burn the midnight oil  挑灯夜战, 熬夜burn your bridges     不留退路；破釜沉舟, 背水而战burn the candle at both ends  过度劳累, (起早贪黑而疲惫不堪)超负荷工作burn a hole in your pocket   有(钱)就想花, 花钱没有节制crash and burn          悲痛欲绝；一败涂地go for the burn          伸展到极限 virus   n.  病毒；病毒病；毒害；病毒感染；有害影响考点必记flu virus     流感病毒；禽流感病毒virus spread   病毒传播deadly virus    致命病毒virus isolate    病毒隔离       curious adj. 好奇的;求知欲强的考点必记 (1)be curious about 对……感到好奇be curious to do sth渴望做某事(2)curiosity n.好奇;好奇心with curiosity好奇地from/out of curiosity出于好奇(3)curiously adv.好奇地 anxious adj.焦虑的;不安的考点必记(1)be/feel anxious for sb/about sth为……担心/担忧be anxious for 渴望……be anxious to do sth渴望做某事be anxious that...(should)do sth渴望……做某事(2)anxiously adv.焦急地,不安地(3)anxiety n.担心,焦虑,渴望with anxiety 焦虑地anxiety for...对……的渴望anxiety about/over...对……的焦虑        poison n.毒物；毒药；抑制剂；中子吸收剂；有毒害的人v.施毒；放毒；破坏；毒化；对（食物；饮料）下毒；在...上涂毒；毒死；毒害考点必记poisonous  adj 有毒的 one man's meat is another man's poison兴趣爱好因人而异；一人手中宝, 他人脚下草poison pill   毒药poison pen letter 匿名诽谤信       delight   v.  使…愉快；以…为乐n. 兴致；乐趣；乐事；令人高兴的东西考点必记to one's heart's delight   尽情地delight in              喜悦；以…为乐；深嗜笃好take delight            乐于…take delight in          从…中获得乐趣；乐于express delight         表示高兴      wipe  v. 擦净；抹干；擦；抹；拭；擦去；抹去；把…擦干净；涂抹；彻底去除n. 擦；揩；抹；抹布；划变考点必记wipe out    完全摧毁；被浪打翻, 跌下wipe the slate clean把以往过错一笔勾销,  捐弃前嫌, 重新开始wipe something off the map 从地图上抹掉；彻底消灭wipe someone's eye   胜过某人wipe off          擦掉；擦去；拂拭wipe away        擦去；拭去；擦干wipe down        擦拭；擦净；彻底擦拭        crazy  adj.发疯的；疯狂的；狂热的；着迷的；非常生气的；不安全的n.  疯子；狂人考点必记crazy about    疯狂；痴狂；着迷go crazy       发狂；发疯；疯了drive me crazy  把我逼疯了；使我发疯；我简直要疯了be crazy about  为之疯狂；醉心于板块三：阅读训练Passage A There is something to be said for being a generalist, even if you are a specialist. Knowing a little about a lot of things that interest you can add to the richness of a whole, well-lived life. Nowadays society pushes us to specialize, to become experts. This requires commitment to a particular occupation, branch of study or research. There is a great deal of pressure to master one’s field. You may pursue training, degrees, or increasing levels of responsibility at work. Then you discover the pressure of having to keep up.Some people seem willing to work around the clock in their narrow specialty. But such commitment can also weaken a sense of freedom. These specialists could work at the office until ten each night, then look back and realize they would have loved to have gone home and enjoyed the sweetness of their family and friends, or traveled to exciting places, meeting interesting people. Mastering one thing to the exclusion(排除) of others can hold back your true spirit.Generalists, on the other hand, know a lot about a wide range of subjects and view the whole with all its connections. They are people of ability, talent, and enthusiasm who can bring their broad perspective into specific fields of expertise. The doctor who is also a poet and philosopher is a superior doctor, one who can give so much more to his patients than just good medical skills.Things are connected. Let your expertise in one field fuel your passions in all related areas. Some of your interests may not appear to be connected but, once you explore their depths, you  discover that they are. My editor Toni, who is also a writer, has edited several history books. She has decided to study Chinese history. Fascinated by the structural beauty of the Forbidden City as a painter, she is equally interested to learn more Chinese philosophy. “I do not know where it will lead, but I am excited I am on this pursuit.”These expansions into new worlds help us by giving us new perspectives. We begin to see the interconnectedness of one thing to another in all aspects of our life, of ourselves and the universe. Develop broad, general knowledge and experience. The universe is all yours to explore and enjoy.1. The specialists mentioned in Paragraph 2 tend to _________.A. treasure their freedom B. travel around the worldC. spend most time working D. enjoy meeting funny people2. According to the author, a superior doctor is one who _________.A. is a pure specialist in medicineB. should love poetry and philosophyC. is fully aware of his talent and abilityD. brings knowledge of other fields to work3. What can we learn from the example of Toni?A. In-depth exploration makes discoveries possible.B. Passion alone does not ensure a person’s success.C. Everyone has a chance to succeed in their pursuit.D. Seemingly unrelated interests are in a way connected.4. What could be the best title for the passage?A. Ways to Become a GeneralistB. Turn a Generalist into a SpecialistC. Be More a Generalist Than a SpecialistD. Specialist or Generalist: Hard to Decide参考答案：本文是议论文。文章论述了要当一个多面手，而不是当某方面的专家。1.【答案】C细节理解题。第二段中提到“Some people seem willing to work around the clock in their narrow specialty. …These specialists could work at the office until ten each night (有些人似乎愿意在他们狭隘的专业领域夜以继日地工作。…… 这些专家可以每天晚上在办公室工作到十点。)”由此可知，这些专家往往花大部分的时间在工作上。故选C。2.【答案】D细节理解题。根据文章第三段中“The doctor who is also a poet and philosopher is a superior doctor, one who can give so much more to his patients than just good medical skills. (这位既是诗人又是哲学家的医生是一位优秀的医生，他能给他的病人提供比良好的医术更多的东西。)”可知，作者认为一名优秀的医生是将其他领域的知识带到工作中的医生。故选D。3.【答案】D推理判断题。文章第四段中提到“Things are connected. Let your expertise in one field fuel your passions in all related areas. Some of your interests may not appear to be connected but, once you explore their depths, you discover that they are.（事物之间是有联系的。让你在一个领域的专长激发你在所有相关领域的热情。你的一些兴趣可能看起来没有联系，但一旦你深入探索，你就会发现它们是有联系的。）”下文举出Toni的例子“My editor Toni, who is also a writer, has edited several history books. She has decided to study Chinese history. Fascinated by the structural beauty of the Forbidden City as a painter, she is equally interested to learn more about Chinese philosophy.（我的编辑Toni也是一位作家，她编辑过几本历史书。她已决定学习中国历史。作为一名画家，她痴迷于紫禁城的建筑之美，同时也对更多地了解中国哲学感兴趣。）”由此可以推断，作者想通过Toni的例子说明看似不相关的兴趣，如果深入探索的话，在某种程度上是有联系的。故选D。4.【答案】C主旨大意题。文章第一段提出观点“There is something to be said for being a generalist, even if you are a specialist.( 即使你是一个专家，做一个多面手也是有道理的。)”作者提出即使你是一个专家，也应该当一个通才；文章第二段提出“The drawback to being specialists is we often come to know more and more about less and less. (成为专家的缺点是，我们经常越来越多地了解越来越少的事情)”说明成为专家的不足之处是我们常常对越来越少的知识领域了解得越来越深；第四段中提到“Generalists, …, know a lot about a wide range of subjects and view the whole with all its connections.( 多面手……知道很多广泛的主题，并能看到整个事物的联系)”说明当通才的优点往往对广泛的学科了解得很多，并从整体上来看其中的所有的联系。因此推断作者的观点是应该当一个通才。因此文章的标题应为“Be More a Generalist Than a Specialist（做一个通才，而不是专家）”。故选C。Passage B The Greenwood fire took its name from the nearby lake where lightning struck on Aug.15, causing a wildfire that burned for weeks. Fueled by drought and wind, its persistence dominated headlines for much of late summer and early fall in Minnesota. When the last flames were finally put out, the northern Minnesota fire had consumed nearly 27,000 acres, countless firefighting resources, and at its worst, the lives that some had built around nearby McDougal Lake. Vast areas of forest were left burned-out, with the black and bare remains of what were once massive pines. But, despite the destruction left behind, Mother Nature is set to a comeback. When organic matter is burned from the forest floor, seeds dropped by plants and trees begin to take hold, with the sprouting species emerging first. The trees above have died, which sends a chemical signal to the root system that is actually more expansive than just under that tree, and that chemical response encourages those root systems to re-grow. Ten years ago, a fire ripped through 93,000 acres of Minnesota forest in and around the BWCA．Today, that burnt area's rebirth is well underway. "Here in the Pagami Creek wildfire scar, we have Jack Pine, Red Pine, Black Spruce, Aspen and paper birch-those are our main species, those are the ones that are growing quickly. It's 10 years on, and these trees are 10 to 15 feet tall in many areas," said Kyle Stover from the U.S. Forest Service. A wildfire kills most things in its path, but despite the flames and intense temperatures, rarely is everything reduced to ashes -and that plays a key role in a forest's regeneration. Just one year after the fire, the survivors dominate the forest, and grasses replace the burnt ground. Wildflowers are abundant bushes and small trees have started to grow, and Jack Pine returned. So, it's an amazing ecological system of creating new forest life when it appears that all is lost, one that has evolved throughout the ages, where fire has always played a vital role.1．What can we learn about the Greenwood fire?A．It was a natural occurrence B．It was caused by drought.C．it gained half-year fame. D．It took many people's lives.2．What happens to the burnt area after the fire?A．Seeding growth is held up. B．Burnt organic matter hardly functions.C．Root systems spread further and wider D．Chemicals in the soil are in greater demand.3．What can we say about the trees and plants in Minnesota?A．They are flammable B．They are fire-resistantC．They are fire-adapted. D．They are overgrown.4．What does the underlined word "one" in the last paragraph refer to?A．A fire. B．A life C．A time. D．A system本文是说明文。文章主要讲述明尼苏达州的植物和树在野火发生之后，可以自行重生，那里的植物适应了火灾。1．细节理解题。根据第一段“The Greenwood fire took its name from the nearby lake where lightning struck on Aug.15, causing a wildfire that burned for weeks.”（绿林大火的名字来源于8月15日闪电袭击的附近湖泊，引发了一场持续数周的野火）可知，绿林大火是自然原因引起的大火。故选A。2．细节理解题。根据第二段“The trees above have died, which sends a chemical signal to the root system that is actually more expansive than just under that tree, and that chemical response encourages those root systems to re-grow.”可知，燃烧过后，树的根部系统扩展的更深更广了。故选C。3．推理判断题。根据第二段“But, despite the destruction left behind, Mother Nature is set to a comeback. When organic matter is burned from the forest floor, seeds dropped by plants and trees begin to take hold, with the sprouting species emerging first.”可知，明尼苏达州的植物和树是适应火灾的。故选C。4．词句猜测题。根据上文“So, it's an amazing ecological system of creating new forest life when it appears that all is lost, one that has evolved throughout the ages, where fire has always played a vital role.”（所以，这是一个神奇的生态系统，创造新的森林生命，当它似乎失去了一切，这是一个进化了很多年的one，在那里，火总是扮演一个重要的角色。），所以one前面只有可数名词单数system 前有不定冠词an修饰，表示泛指，所以这里的one指代上文的system。指这是一个进化了很多年的生态系统，在那里，火总是扮演一个重要的角色。故选D。Passage C Gurnah, growing up in Zanzibar, an island off the coast of Tanzania, was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature on Thursday.He is the first Black writer ____1____ the prize since Toni Morrison in 1993, and some observers saw his ____2____ as a long delayed corrective (矫正) after years of European and American Nobel laureates (获得者). In his 10 novels, Gurnah has often explored the ____3____ of exile (流放)，identity and belonging. They ____4____ “Memory of Departure” “Pilgrims Way” and “Dottie,” which all deal with the immigrant (移民) experience in Britain.Gurnah’s first language is Swahili, but he ____5____ English as his literary language. He drew on the imagery and stories from the Quran, ____6____ from Arabic and Persian poetry, particularly “The Arabian Nights.” The news of Gumah’s Nobel ____7____ by fellow novelists and academics who have long argued that his ____8____ deserve a wider audience.Gurnah was born in Zanzibar, which is now ____9____ of Tanzania, in 1948. Then, in 1964, he fled to England. ____10____ , poor, homesick, he began to write scraps (片段) in his diary, then ____11____ entries, then stories about other people. In his 20s, he started ____12____ fiction. Then he finished his first novel, “Memory of Departure,” about a young man who flees a failed uprising, at the same time he was writing his Ph. D．dissertation (论文). ____13____, he became a professor of English. Though Gurnah hasn’t lived in Tanzania since he was a ____14____ , his homeland always inspires him of his imagination. ____15____, he said “my homeland always asserts myself in my imagination, even when I deliberately try to set my stories elsewhere”.1．A．to receive B．to confirm C．to search D．to appreciate2．A．section B．selection C．collection D．consultation3．A．themes B．opinions C．passages D．suggestions4．A．explode B．conclude C．provide D．include5．A．advised B．adapted C．adopted D．affected6．A．as much as B．as long as C．as often as D．as well as7．A．was awarded B．was discussed C．was celebrated D．was suspected8．A．jobs B．works C．labors D．careers9．A．part B．name C．home D．country10．A．Admirable B．Respectable C．Fashionable D．Miserable11．A．higher B．longer C．stronger D．heavier12．A．reading B．hearing C．writing D．watching13．A．Afterwards B．Forwards C．Backwards D．Frontwards14．A．writer B．teenager C．scholar D．professor15．A．As a result B．At the same time C．On the other hand D．In his own word参考答案：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了2021年度诺贝尔文学奖获得者，坦桑尼亚作家古尔纳(Gurnah)的生平及作品。1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：古尔纳是自1993年托妮·莫里森(Toni Morrison)以来首位获得诺贝尔文学奖的黑人作家，一些观察人士认为，多年来诺贝尔奖的获得者都是欧洲人和美国人，古尔纳的入选是一种拖延已久的（对此现象的）纠正。A. to receive得到，收到；B. to confirm确认；C. to search搜查；D. to appreciate欣赏。根据第一段“Gurnah, growing up in Zanzibar, an island off the coast of Tanzania, was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature on Thursday.”可知，古尔纳被授予诺贝尔文学奖，所以他“收到”奖了。故选A项。2．考查名词词义辨析。A. section部分，部门；B. selection选择；C. collection收藏品；D. consultation咨询。根据句意可知，诺贝尔文学奖的甄选委员“选择”古尔纳为诺贝尔文学奖的获得者。故选B项。3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在他的10部小说中，古尔纳经常探讨流亡、身份和归属感的主题。A. themes主题；B. opinions意见；C. passages段落；D. suggestions建议。根据下文“They 　　　4　　　　 “Memory of Departure” “Pilgrims Way” and “Dottie,” which all deal with the immigrant (移民) experience in Britain.”可知，古尔纳的作品，包括《离开的记忆》，《朝圣者之路》和《多蒂》，都是围绕移在英国的移民经历而展开，即以流亡、身份和归属感为“主题”。故选A项。4．考查动词词义辨析。A. explode爆炸；B. conclude总结；C. provide提供；D. include包括。根据前文“In his 10 novels, Gurnah has often explored the 　　3　　　　　　 of exile (流放)，identity and belonging.”可知，古尔纳有10个作品，其中“包括”这三个。故选D项。5．考查动词词义辨析。A. advised建议；B. adapted适应；C. adopted采用；D. affected影响。根据第四段第一句“Gurnah was born in Zanzibar, which is now 　　　9　　　　 of Tanzania, in 1948.”可知，桑给巴尔当年是英国殖民地，可以推知，古尔纳少年时在国内接受的就是英语教育。且根据下文“　　  13　　, he became a professor of English.”可知，古尔纳是英语教授，他能“采用”英语搞创作。故选C项。6．考查连词词义辨析。句意：他借鉴了《古兰经》中的意象和故事，以及阿拉伯和波斯诗歌（的意向和故事），尤其是《一千零一夜》。A. as much as多达；B. as long as只要，和……一样长；C. as often as尽可能经常；D. as well as而且，和。根据语境可知，他的作品中有《古兰经》“和”阿拉伯和波斯诗歌的元素。故选D项。7．考查动词词义辨析。A. was awarded颁发；B. was discussed讨论；C. was celebrated庆祝；D. was suspected怀疑。根据语境，小说家同行和学者们一直认为古尔纳的小说就是好，值得推广，所以古尔纳获得诺贝尔奖，应该“庆贺”一下。故选C项。8．考查名词词义辨析。A. jobs工作；B. works作品，工厂；C. labors任务，工作；D. careers 职业，事业。根据语境可知，读者阅读的是“works”，意为“作品”。故填B项。9．考查名词词义辨析。句意：古尔纳1948年出生在桑给巴尔，现在是坦桑尼亚的一部分。A. part部分；B. name名称；C. home家；D. country国家。可知，短语“part of …”，意为“……的一部分”。故选A项。10．考查形容词词义辨析。A. Admirable令人钦佩的；B. Respectable可敬的；C. Fashionable时髦的；D. Miserable悲惨的。根据并列词汇“poor”和“homesick”，设空处应该也是表消极性、负面的词汇。故选D项。11．考查形容词词义辨析。A. higher更高的； B. longer更长的；C. stronger更强的；D. heavier 更重的。根据语境可知，古尔纳的写作是一步步培养的，先零碎片段，接着“长一点”的简短记录，接着再长一点的真人真事。故选B项。12．考查动词词义辨析。句意：20多岁时，他开始写小说。A. reading阅读；B. hearing听力；C. writing写作；D. watching观察。根据上文“ 　　　10　　　 , poor, homesick, he began to write scraps（片段）in his diary, then 　　　11　　　　 entries, then stories about other people.”可知，“write”为复现词。根据语境可知，古尔纳的写作是一步步培养的，先零碎片段，接着“长一点”的简短记录，接着再长一点的真人真事，然后“写”虚构小说。故选C项。13．考查副词词义辨析。句意：后来，他成了英语教授。A. Afterwards然后；B. Forwards向前；C. Backwards向后；D. Frontwards向前。根据语境，本段介绍了古尔纳的文学创作的发展过程，有明显的时间顺序。故选A项。14．考查名词词义辨析。A. writer作家；B. teenager青少年；C. scholar学者；D. professor教授。根据第四段“Gurnah was born in Zanzibar, which is now 　   9　　　 of Tanzania, in 1948. Then, in 1964, he fled to England.”可知，16岁时，古尔纳离开了坦桑尼亚，逃难到英国，就没回坦桑尼亚去生活过。故选B项。15．考查介词短语辨析。A. As a result结果；B. At the same time同时；C. On the other hand另一方面；D. In his own word用他自己的话。根据语境，这句话是古尔纳对上文“his homeland always inspires him of his imagination”的诠释，以说明他的小说中时时处处有着他的祖国的影子。故选D项。