热点二 航天科技——2022届中考英语热点聚焦

这是一份热点二 航天科技——2022届中考英语热点聚焦，共12页。试卷主要包含了单选题，完形填空，阅读理解，用括号内单词的适当形式填空，书面表达等内容，欢迎下载使用。
热点二 航天科技一、单选题1.—What have you learned from the space class in Shenzhou-13? —It is impossible for astronauts to walk in space like they ________ do on Earth.A. mainly B. smoothly C. certainly D. normally2.—Would you like to go to the space museum?—I’d love to, but I haven’t made (a)________.A.progress B.mistake C.mess D.decision3.China’s space program has made another ________, as it has successfully sent three more astronauts to the space station.A. research B. promise C. achievement D. encouragement4.Now, I live ________ an apartment. I’ll live ________ a space station in the future.A. in; on B. at; in C. on; at D. at; on5.Tianwen 1 ______ into space last year and landed successfully on Mars recently.  　　 A. sent B. is sent C. was sent D. had sent6.I felt _______ to hear that Tianzhou-2 cargo spacecraft was sent into space successfully last month.A. brave B. proud C. angry D. polite7.We can _____ the space with the telescope (望远镜).A. put on B. look after C. know about D. hear from8.Explorer II is a spacecraft _____ was launched with a lunar probe in 2010. A. what B. that C. which D. both B and C9.China successfully landed a spacecraft ____________ Mars in May, 2021A. in B. on C. at  D. for10.These are the shoes           Chen Dong wore in the Shenzhou XI manned spacecraft.
A. which B. what         C. who   D. whom
二、完形填空If you have been dreaming of becoming an astronaut after you grow up, get started now! An astronaut needs a strong body and mind. Shenzhou XIII astronauts are able to live upside-down (倒立). They do this not just during sleep, but also when eating and going to the toilet. Before they ___1___ space, they had lots of practice. Each upside-down training time lasted for 20 days.Chinese astronauts aren’t just spaceship ___2___ but also machine repairers and scientists. They have to know every part of the spaceship and how it works. ___3___ something goes wrong, they’ve got to know ___4___ repair it. Also they do scientific experiments in space.Shenzhou XIII astronauts know how to live in ___5___. They took a knife, a gun and some dye (染色水) ___6___ them into space. If they land in forests, the knife and gun can protect them from wild animals. If they ___7___ the sea, the dye can colour the seawater around them yellow. This can drive ___8___ sea animals away.Shenzhou XIII astronauts can’t get dizzy (眩晕). A spaceship is not a plane. When it ___9___, the extra gravity force can break people’s bones.Astronauts must have strong bodies for this. They can’t get a headache or be sick. Because they have to ____10____ many things. They’ve got no time for sickness. Do you still have a long, long way to go?1. A. went through B. walked into C. stayed at D. lived in2. A. teachers B. coaches C. inventors D. drivers3. A. If B. But C. So D. While4. A. what to B. why to C. how to D. when to5. A. the world B. the wild C. the sky D. space6. A. by B. to C. for D. with7. A. fall into B. jump into C. fly over D. fly across8. A. unnecessary B. lively C. dangerous D. safe9. A. breaks down B. goes up C. runs away D. breaks up10. A. look after B. look for C. look forward to D. look up三、阅读理解AWang Yaping, together with Zhai Zhigang and Ye Guangfu, went into space aboard the Shenzhou XIII on October 16th，2021. The 41-year-old Wang became the first Chinese female astronaut (女航天员) to enter Tiangong space station.Wang’s space dream started in 2003, when China sent its first astronaut Yang Liwei into space. At that time, Wang was a pilot in the Chinese army. After having safe flights for 1,600 hours over nine years, Wang was a strong candidate (候选人) to become an astronaut in 2010.  She pushed herself hard, getting the same training as men. “The space environment won’t change because you are a woman,” she told Xinhua.The hardest part is the high G training. Sitting in a spinning (旋转的) machine, Wang would become blind for a while because her brain was short of blood. “There’s a red button (按钮), said Wang.” If you can’t stand it, you can press it to stop.” But Wang never used it. “There is no such red button in my heart.” That strong spirit finally made her dream come true in 2013. She joined the team for the Shenzhou X mission (任务).Wang said that as astronauts, women have their own advantages (优势). “Women may be more patient and can better deal with loneliness. Women’s hearts are also easier to adapt to the weightless environment, making them more suitable for long term missions.”Wang Yaping went a long way before becoming the first woman to enter the Tiangong space station. She sets a good example for all women who dream of going to space.1. Wang’s words mean________ in Paragraph 2.A. The space environment is easy to change.B. Only men can go to space station in the world.C. Both male and female astronauts can go to space.D. Men and women will face the same difficulties in space.2. The underlined word “adapt” in the fourth paragraph probably means “________”.A. 合适          B. 改编          C. 适应          D. 接受3. Which of the following is TRUE?A. Wang is the first female astronaut in the world.B. Wang dreamed of being an astronaut in 2003.C. It was a short time before Wang made her dream come true.D. Wang pressed the red button when she became blind after the high-G training.4. What advantages does a female astronaut have according to Wang?a. More patience.         b. Less weight.c. More problem-solving skills.       d. Better ability to deal with loneliness.A. ad                B. ab              C. bc             D. bdBAs an old Chinese saying goes, food is No. 1 need. What do astronauts eat on the space station and where does their food come from?On October 16th, 2021, China launched a rocket and sent three taikonauts(Chinese astronauts)—two men and a woman—to China’s space station core module Tianhe. There are more than 120 kinds of food and drinks inside. They are rich in nutrition, taste good and are easy to keep for a long time. The taikonauts can also have a bite of their favorite specials.These years, some countries have even started to grow food in space. Back in 2016, taikonauts grew some plants in space, such as lettuce and rice. Now some astronauts are even growing chile peppers in space for the first time. Their seeds(种子) need a long time before they start to come up. Then it takes them a long time to grow. There’s one thing the astronauts will have to do in caring for the plants. They will have to transfer pollen(花粉) to the flowers. In this way, astronauts will get seeds that can grow new plants. It’s also how the peppers form. The seeds grow inside of the chile peppers.The environment on the space station is quite different from that on the earth. Astronauts don’t feel good and food also tastes different. So chile peppers help them to eat more. The peppers are red. That might help astronauts feel better.Space plants are also important for a trip to other planets like Mars. Astronauts would need food for staying there and for the long trip to Mars and back.1. The food and drinks for taikonauts in Tianhe ________.
A. have much nutrition
B. have a bad taste
C. are less than 120 kinds
D. are hard to keep for long
2. The underlined word “transfer” in the third paragraph probably means ________.
A. cut
B. feed
C. move
D. water
3. The peppers make astronauts feel better because they ________.
A. keep the astronauts busy with things to do
B. make the astronauts think of their homes
C. are the first vegetables growing in space
D. are red and make the astronauts happier
4. According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE?
A. Taikonauts grew food in space 4 years ago.
B. The environment in space is bad for astronauts.
C. Food tastes the same for astronauts anywhere.
D. Plants can grow better on other planets.
5. Which can be the best title for this passage?
A. Food for Chinese Astronauts
B. A Big Business in Space
C. Traveling to the Space Station
D. Growing Plants in SpaceCOn Nov.16, seven astronauts on the International Space Station (ISS) woke up to an alarm (警报). A Russian missile (导弹) test had just bombed a satellite into more than 1,500 pieces of space debris (残骸). Some got very close to the ISS.NASA says space debris like this can travel at more than 28,000 km/h. That’s much faster than a bullet (子弹) (about 3,500 km/h). Even a pea-sized piece of debris could “wipe out” a space station or kill an astronaut if he or she is doing a spacewalk, says Live Science. Since the 1950s, humans have sent thousands of rockets and satellites into space. Many are still there, and we now face an ever-increasing problem of space rubbish. In 2006, for example, National Geographic reported that a tiny piece of space rubbish hit the ISS, taking a small piece of glass out of a window. In June of this year, a piece of debris ran into one of the station’s robotic arms, which are just like the arms of a robot, and left a hole.Scientists are trying different ways to deal with the problem. One way is to use a huge net. In 2018, the UK’s Survey Space Center caught some space rubbish with a net in an experiment. It first found the debris, and then collected it with a net and a harpoon (鱼叉).Another way is to use robotic arms. Clear Space 1, the European Space Agency’s task to clean space rubbish, is going to be sent into space in 2025. It will use robotic arms to catch debris. This plans to throw the debris into Earth’s atmosphere (大气层), where it will burn up as it falls because of strong friction (摩擦).1. The bomb of the Russian missile mainly causes ________ according to the article.
A. plants
B. soil
C. food
D. space debris
2. According to NASA, space debris moves ________ as fast as a bullet.
A. eight times
B. nine times
C. seven times
D. six times
3. What happens to a space station if it gets “wiped out”?
A. It gets cleaned.
B. It gets rebuilt.
C. It gets broken.
D. It gets old.
4. The best ways to deal with space debris is ________ according to the article.a. throwing it away into the planet        b. throwing it into the sun to burn up      c. collecting it with nets and harpoonsd. throwing it into Earth’s atmosphere to burn upA. ad
B. cd
C. ab
D. bd
5. What can we infer from Paragraph 3-4?
A. There is nothing we can do to deal with space debris.
B. The astronauts are quite safe in space even there is space debris.
C. More and more tasks are failing because we don't want to cause space rubbish.
D. Thousands of old rockets and satellites are turning into space rubbish for years.DOn Dec 9th 2021, three Chinese astronauts gave a science lecture 400 kilometers above Earth! They were working aboard the Tiangong space station. They did some fun science experiments. Let’s take a look at some of them.Use it or lose it?The human body grows with the pull of Earth’s gravity (重力). But in space, our bones and muscles (肌肉 ) don’t need to support our body’s weight. This will cause bone and muscle loss. That’s dangerous for astronauts because they will be too weak to work. During the lecture, Zhai Zhigang introduced a special uniform. This keeps their muscles strong. Wang Yaping also showed us how she walked on a machine and rode a bicycle. Astronauts exercise with these tools every day to prevent muscle loss.Space water is different.During another experiment, Wang made a water film (膜). Then she added more water drops onto the film to make it a water ball. This can never happen on Earth.Space water is different from that on Earth. For example, water will not flow downward if you try to pour it into a cup. That’s why astronauts usually drink water through straws (吸管) in bags. If astronauts cry, the tears will stay on their eyeballs instead of falling down. They have to wipe them away!根据短文内容，判断句子正（T）、误（F）。1. On Dec 9th 2021, three Chinese astronauts gave a science lecture on Earth.2. The reason for bone and muscle loss is that the pull of Earth’s gravity.3. Walking on a machine and riding a bicycle in space can help prevent muscle loss.4. People can add more water drops onto the water film to make it a water ball in space. 5. Astronauts have to wipe the tears away when tears fall down from their eyes.四、根据下面的对话情景,在每个空内处填上一个适当的句子, 使对话的意思连贯、完整。A: You look a little tired this morning. ①_______________?B: I watched TV till midnight yesterday.A: ②_______________?B: I watched the launch (发射) of Shenzhou-13. There are three astronauts in Shenzhou-13. They are Zhai Zhigang, Wang Yaping and Ye Guangfu.A: Would you mind telling me more about it?B: ③_______________. The three have entered the space station this morning. Wang Yaping is the first Chinese woman to go on a spacewalk.A: ④_______________! I want to be a hero like her when I grow up. By the way, what are you going to be in the future?B: ⑤_______________.A: I hope your dream will come true.B: Thank you.五、用括号内单词的适当形式填空   Mars has recently welcomed a new guest, InSight lander (“洞察号”着陆器). NASA (美国国家航空航天局) sent it there last November. It ①_____ (land) on Mars on Nov 27. It is another spacecraft to ②_____ (success) land on Mars. The ③_____ (seven) one was NASA's Curiosity rover (火星车) in 2012. But InSight is different. It is the first lander ④_____ (study) things about the red planet.    InSight was planned to spend about one Martian year on the planet. So far, it has been there for a long time, and it ⑤_____ (spend) the next several months there. ⑥_____ (it) main job is to stand on one place and dig deep inside Mars. This way, it can collect data (数据) that could probably ⑦_____ (tell) us how Mars formed. This data may also help ⑧_____ (science) learn more about the origins (起源) of the earth."We're digging into Mars, because we want to ⑨_____ (well) understand not just Mars, but the earth itself," Bruse Banerdt from NASA said to Reuters.     InSight is a pioneer (先锋) for future studies of Mars. NASA wants to send ⑩_____ (astronaut) to Mars by the mid-2030s, according to NASA Administrator Jim Bridenstine.六、书面表达假如你是 Allen，你班将举办一次主题为“My Journey into Space”的英语演讲比赛。请你根据下列提示，发挥想象谈一下你的太空之旅并简单说明一下是否应该进行太空探险。内容包括：1.你对进入太空的感觉如何？ 2.你想在太空做什么？ 3.你准备带什么东西进入太空。作文要求：1.不得在作文中出现学校的真实名称和学生的真实姓名。2.表达清楚，语法正确，上下文连贯。My Journey into Space_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________     答案以及解析一、单选题1.答案：D解析：句意：——你在神州13号太空课学到了什么？——对宇航员来说，他们不可能像在地球上正常走路一样在太空行走。考查副词辨析。mainly主要地；smoothly平滑地；certainly当然；normally正常地。根据“like they...do on Earth”可知，宇航员在太空上行走，不可能像是在地球上正常行走一样。故选D。2.答案：D
解析：句意:——你想去太空博物馆吗?——我想去的,但是我还没做好决定。考查名词辨析。progress进步;mistake错误;mess混乱;decision决定。根据“but”,可知还比较纠结,没有做好决定,故选D。3.答案：C解析：句意：中国的航天计划取得了另一项成就，成功地将三名宇航员送入空间站。考查名词辨析。research研究；promise承诺；achievement成就；encouragement鼓励。根据“China’s space program has made another...as it has successfully sent three more astronauts to the space station.”可知此处是指取得了另一项成就，故选C。4.答案：A解析：句意：现在，我住在一个公寓里，将来我将住在太空站里。考查介词辨析。in在……里面；on在……上面；at在某个地点。“在公寓里”用介词in，“在空间站里”用介词on。故选A。5.答案：C解析：结合时间状语last year可知本句用一般过去时；主语"天文一号"和谓语动词"发送"是被动关系，所以要用被动语态，其结构为be done。故选：C。6.答案：B解析：句意：听说天舟二号货运飞船上个月成功发射，我感到很自豪。考查形容词词义辨析。brave勇敢的；proud自豪的；angry生气的；polite礼貌的。根据“Tianzhou-2 cargo spacecraft was sent into space successfully last month”可知，此处指的是因天舟二号货运飞船上个月成功发射而感到自豪，故选B。7.答案：C
解析：根据空后内容可知,此处表示"我们可以用望远镜了解太空。" know about意为"了解",故选C项。8.答案：D9.答案：B解析：本题考查介词的用法。in在……里; on在……上; at在; for为了。结合常识可知, 此处是说, 在火星上着陆, 故选B。10.答案：A解析：考查定语从句。句意为：这是陈东在“神舟 XI号”载人飞船上穿的鞋。分析句子结构可知，空格 处引导定语从句，在从句中作宾语，先行词是“the shoes”，指物，应用which引导该从句。故选A。二、完形填空答案：1-5 DDACD 6-10 DACBA解析：1.句意：在他们生活在太空之前，他们有很多的练习。went through经受；walked into走进；stayed at待在；lived in生活在。 根据“They do this not just during sleep, but also when eating and going to the toilet.”可知要生活在太空中。 故选D.
2.句意：中国宇航员不仅是宇宙飞船驾驶员，也是机器修理师和科学家。teachers老师；coaches教练；inventors发明者；drivers驾驶员。根据“Chinese astronauts”结合常识可知宇航员要驾驶宇宙飞船。故选D。
3.句意：如果出了问题，他们必须知道如何修理。If如果；But但是；So因此；While当……时候。“出了问题”是“他们必须知道如何修理”的条件，用If引导条件状语从句。故选A.
4.句意：如果出了问题，他们必须知道如何修理。what to什么；why to为什么；how to如何；when to什么时候。根据“something goes wrong”可知有问题需要知道如何修理，用how to符合语境。故选C。
5.句意：神舟十三号宇航员知道如何在太空生活。the world世界；the wild户外；the sky天空；space太空。 根据"They took a knife, a gun and some dye ...them into space."可知知道如何在太空生活。故选D。
6.句意：他们带了一把刀、一把枪和一些染料进入太空。by通过;to朝;for为了;with随着.take sth. with sb.“某人随身携带某物”。故选D.
7.句意：如果他们掉到海里，染料就会把他们周围的海水染成黄色。fall into掉进；jump into跳进；fly over 飞过;fly across 飞越。 根据"the dye can colour the seawater around them yellow. This can drive...sea animals away. "可知要预防在海中有危险，这是以可能掉进海里为前提的。故选A。
8.句意：这可以赶走危险的海洋动物。unnecessary不必要的；lively活泼的；dangerous危险的；safe安全的。根据“drive ...sea animals away”可推出需要赶走的是对宇航员有威胁的危险海洋动物。故选C。
9.句意：当它上升时，额外的重力会折断人的骨头。breaks down分解；goes up上升；runs away逃跑；breaks up打碎。 根据“the extra gravity force can break people's bones”可知此处指飞船上升时的情况。故选B。
10.句意：因为他们要照顾很多事情。look after照顾；look for寻找；look forward to期盼；look up查阅。 根据"They've got no time for sickness."可知宇航员没时间生病，他们要照顾很多事情。故选A。三、阅读理解A答案：1-4 DCBA解析：1.推理判断题。根据"The space environment won't change because you are a woman"可知，太空环境不会因为你是女人而改变，也就是说在太空中，男人和女人将面临同样的困难。故选D。2.词句猜题。根据"Women's hearts are also easier to adapt to the weightless environment，making them more suitable for long-term missions."可知，女性的心脏更适合长期的任务，推出女性更容易适应失重环境，因此adapt ''意为适应"。故选C。3.细节理解题。根据"Wang's space dream started in 2003，when China sent its first astronaut Yang Liwei into space."可知，王亚平在2003年梦想成为一名宇航员。故选B。4.细节理解题。根据"Women may be more patient and can better deal with loneliness."可知，女性更有耐心，面对孤独能处理地更好。故选A。B答案:1-5 ACDBD解析:1.细节理解题。根据“There are more than 120 kinds of food and drinks inside. They are rich in nutrition”可知,它们营养丰富,故选A。2.词义猜测题。根据“They will have to transfer pollen(花粉) to the flowers”可知,他们必须把花粉送到花上,所以transfer与move同义,故选C。3.细节理解题。根据“The peppers are red. That might help astronauts feel better”可知,辣椒是红色的。这可能会让宇航员感觉更好,故选D。4.推理判断题。根据“The environment on the space station is quite different from that on the earth. Astronauts don’t feel good and food also tastes different”可知,在太空的环境里,宇航员感觉不是很好,所以这种环境对他们是不好的,B表述正确,故选B。5.最佳标题。根据“What do astronauts eat on the space station and where does their food come from”及全文的描述可知,本文主要介绍了宇航员在太空上的饮食以及食物是如何获取的,所以D选项“在太空上种植植物”符合本文标题,故选D。C答案：1-5 DACBD
解析：1.细节理解题。根据“A Russian missile (导弹) test had just bombed a satellite into more than 1,500 pieces of space debris (残骸).”可知,这枚俄罗斯导弹炸毁了一颗卫星,导致产生了太空残骸。故选D。
2.推理判断题。根据“NASA says space debris like this can travel at more than 28,000 km/h. That’s much faster than a bullet (子弹) (about 3,500 km/h).”可知,太空残骸飞行的速度是子弹的8倍(28,000 ÷3,500=8)。故选A。
3.词义猜测题。根据“Even a pea-sized piece of debris could ‘wipe out’ a space station or kill an astronaut if he or she is doing a spacewalk”可知,太空残骸会摧毁空间站或者杀死太空行走的宇航员,因此“wipe out”表示“摧毁”,选项中“It gets broken.”表示“被破坏”,与其近义。故选C。
4.细节理解题。根据最后两段“It first found the debris, and then collected it with a net and a harpoon (鱼叉).”以及“This plans to throw the debris into Earth’s atmosphere (大气层), where it will burn up as it falls because of strong friction (摩擦).”可知,处理太空垃圾的两个办法是:用网和鱼叉收集太空残骸,以及把太空残骸扔进地球大气层燃烧掉;c和d正确。故选B。
5.推理判断题。根据“Since the 1950s, humans have sent thousands of rockets and satellites into space. Many are still there, and we now face an ever-increasing problem of space rubbish.”可知,人类已经发送了很多火箭和卫星,现在它们仍然在太空中, 太空中的垃圾越来越多,由此推测这些火箭和卫星多年来都在变成太空垃圾。故选D。D答案：1-5 FFTTF四、补全对话答案：① What's the matter/What's wrong with you/What happened (to you)/…
② What did you watch (last night)
③ Of course not/Certainly not
④ How great/brave/… she is/That sounds amazing
⑤ I want to be a singer/doctor/scientist/…
五、短文填空答案：①landed ②successfully ③seventh ④to Study ⑤will Spend ⑥Its ⑦tell ⑧scientists ⑨well / better ⑩astronauts
解析：①根据"NASA sent it there last November. "可知—月份发射的,因此在11月27日在火星着陆也是过去的事情,故填landed。 ②根据land on Mars可知,此处应用副词形式,故填successfully。 ③根据The可知此处,用序数词,指第七个,故填Seventh。 ④"It is + the + 序数词 + n. + to do sth"意为“第几个做某事的……”,为固定用法,故填to study。 ⑤根据 the next several months 可知用一般将来时,故填will spend。 ⑥根据job可知,空处用形容词性物主代词,且空处位于句首,故填Its。 ⑦为情态动词,后面用动词原开多,故填tell。 ⑧句意为:这个数据也可能帮助科学家们了解更多关于地球的起源。根据语境可知是"科学家",结合常识可知有很多科学家,故填scientists。 ⑨此处应用副词修饰understand;根据语境可知well与better均符合题意,故填well/better。 ⑩"send sb to +地点"意为“送某人去某地”,根据常识可知有很多宇航员,故填astronauts。六、书面表达答案：My Journey into SpaceI’m so happy! Tomorrow I’ll be one of the first students to travel into space. The spaceship will leave the Earth at 9 a.m. It’ll take us to the moon. I can’t wait! The moon is around 380, 000 kilometres from the Earth, so it’ll take us about four days to get there. There’s no gravity in space, so we’ll all be able to float around in the spaceship. We’ll have to tie ourselves to our beds so that we won’t float away in our sleep! Without gravity, our bodies may get weak, so we’ll have to do exercises every day. When we arrive, I’m going to walk on the Moon. I’ll have to wear a spacesuit to help me breathe because there’s no air on the Moon. I’m going to take as many photos as I can, that is, if my camera still works up there. I think the space trip is very interesting. We should explore space.