专题2.2 外国文化6篇-备战2022年高考英语阅读理解话题提分

这是一份专题2.2 外国文化6篇-备战2022年高考英语阅读理解话题提分，共10页。
2022高考英语阅读提高外国文化21Folklore is the branch of the study of man which deals with local customs, tales and traditions. Everybody is a storehouse of folklore, though not everybody realizes it. Often, in deed, those who have never heard the word folklore have the greatest store of it, for the people with least book education commonly cherish most firmly old ideas and superstitions (迷信) which have been passed on by word of mouth for generations. Everyone has heard stories of ghosts, witches, fairies, and giants. We all know some proverbs and have come across such ideas as, for example, that it is lucky to see black cat and unlucky to see a single magpie (喜鹊). We keep certain seasons of the year as festivals, such as Christmas, and we are familiar with the special customs connected with weddings and funerals. All such things are of interest to those who study folklore.People who study folklore won’t criticize the old beliefs and practices they come across as silly, childish, or old-fashioned. Instead, they will try to collect accurate records of them and then see how these are connected with other ideas and customs of other places or times. By comparing with what is known of olden times or the folklore of other countries, they try to discover how certain beliefs and practices came into being, and what purpose they serve now or used to serve in the past.Often we find that the beliefs which seem most peculiar and unreasonable, and the customs which appear least practical, are of the greatest interest and importance because they are commonly the oldest. Sometimes they were part of an ancient ritual (惯例) or served a useful purpose when people’s way of life was different from what it is now. So we not only learn about what people thought and did in the past but are better able to understand present customs. People often keep up customs when they have forgotten the original reason for them, and in the course of time a fresh reason gets attached to the custom. Thus, when some joker ties an old shoe to the back of the taxi taking the bride and bridegroom to the station for their honeymoon, he would say it was “for luck”, but actually a shoe is an old fertility (繁殖力) symbol and has a place in the wedding customs of China and Palestine.51. According to the text, people usually pass on old ideas and superstitions by _________.   A. putting them in a large storehouse  B. writing them down in books   C. celebrating them as festivals  D. mouth from one generation to another52. The underlined word “they” (in Para.2) most probably refers to _________.   A. practices and beliefs  B. customs and traditions C. records and tales  D. places or times53. It is most unlikely for people who study folklore to _________.   A. collect as many records of old beliefs and practices as possible   B. compare the present customs with those of the olden times   C. criticize the old beliefs and superstitions as silly or childish    D. find out the purpose the certain beliefs and practices serve or used to serve54. Which of the following statements is true about customs?   A. The customs which do not appear practical mean nothing to most people.   B. The reasons for certain customs may change in the course of history.   C. People who practice customs are quite familiar with their origins.   D. The wedding customs in China and Palestine are of great similarity.55. What would be the best title for the passage?   A. What Does Folklore Really Mean? B. How Do People Keep Up Customs? C. Who Studies Tales And Traditions? D. When Did Some Old Beliefs Begin? 2Scholars and researchers have tried to discover what personality（个性）characteristics（特征）go along with success in intercultural experiences. Their findings have often been unclear or incomplete. But three characteristics stand out in their reports: patience, a sense of humor, and the awareness of being unclear.Patience, of course, is the ability to keep calm even when things do not go as one wants them to, or hopes they will, or has even been sure they will. Impatience sometimes brings improvements in relations with other people, but usually it does not.A person with a sense of humor is less likely to take things too seriously and more ready to see the humor in her own reactions than is a humorless person. The value of a sense of humor really needs to be paid more attention to. “The awareness of being unclear” is a more difficult concept than patience or a sense of humor. Foreigners often find themselves in situations that are unclear to the newcomers. That is, they do not know what is happening in the situation. Perhaps they do not understand the local language well enough, or they do not know how some system or organization works, or they can’t be sure of different people’s roles in what is going on. “It’s like I just got here from the moon,” a Chinese graduate student who newly arrived in the United States said, “things are just so different here.”46．The passage mainly tells us _________ .A．that it’s not easy to travel abroadB．that humor is very important in communicationC．of some characteristics in dealing with foreignersD．of three main ways useful for communicating with foreigners47．According to the passage, what characteristic should be most focused on?A．Patience                      B．The awareness of being unclearC．The sense of humor                 D．Understanding each other.48． “The awareness of being unclear” refers to __________ .A．knowing the meaning of an exact situationB．not stating clearly what happensC．realizing the possible misunderstanding in a situationD．being aware of the unclear situation49．According to the writer, the Chinese students is            .A．a hard-working student             B．recently back from the moonC．interested in the study of moon     D．not used to the culture in America50．Which of the following can best sum up the passage?A．It is necessary to learn the language before you go to the country.B．Americans are used to the culture of other countries.C．One needs many characteristics to live in another country.D．To live in a foreign land one should get fully prepared.3It’s hardly surprising that weather is a favorite topic for so many people around the world---it affects where we choose to live, what we wear, our moods, and perhaps even our national characteristics．Studies have shown that changeable weather can make it difficult to concentrate, cloudy skies slow down reaction, and high humidity with hot, dry winds makes many people bad-tempered．If you live in a place like Britain, where the weather seems to change daily if not hourly, you could be forgiven for thinking that the weather is random．In fact, the weather is controlled by systems which move around areas of the globe．In the UK the weather depends on depressions, often called lows, and anticyclones, also known as highs．These systems start in the Atlantic Ocean, and make their way across the British Isles from the west to the east．Highs bring sunny weather, while lows bring rain and wind．In modern times, human activities seem to be altering weather patterns．Gases produced by heavy industry change the temperature of the Earth’s surface, and affect cloud formation．Some researchers say that factories in Europe and North America may have been one of the causes of the droughts in Africa in the 1980s．The human race has always tried to guess the weather, especially in areas of the world where there are frequent changes．Traditional rhymes point to early attempts to identify weather patterns, popular poems include:Red sky at night, shepherds’ delight; red sky in the morning, shepherds’ warning．Flies will swarm before a storm．Rain before 7, clear by 11．While folk wisdom can still provide a guide to help forecast weather, today’s methods of prediction increasingly rely on technology．Satellites, balloons, ships, aircrafts and weather centers with sensitive monitoring equipment, send data to computers．The data is then processed, and the weather is predicted．However, even this system cannot predict weather for longer than about a week．51．When weather keeps changing, ______________________． A．people become bad-tempered B．people’s reaction slows down C．people find it hard to focus on their work     D．people become hungrier52．What is mainly talked about in the second paragraph? A．Changes in weather． B．Weather in Britain． C．African droughts． D．Research on weather．53．The weather in Britain is ____________________________． A．random  B．moist  C．depressing  D．satisfying54．According to a traditional rhyme, if there is a red sky at night, the next day will be _______． A．windy B．rainy C．fine D．snowy55．Which of the following statements is true? A．Anticyclones often bring rain and wind． B．Weather forecasting has been done for a long time． C．Weather could never be predicted． D．Modern methods of weather prediction are developed from folk wisdom．4YOUR mom might cook a bowl of noodle for you on birthday. But in the US, a mom makes a cupcake for her children on their birthday.Cupcakes are small, round cakes topped with frosting . it has been an American tradition that moms bring cupcakes to the celebrate their child’s birthday.But recently some doctors have called for this to be banned. They believe cupcakes contribute to child obesity.Despite their good intentions, however, some people believe that experts are interfering with American culture. The cupcakes is seen as American as apple pie only prettier.According to marion nestle, a professor of nutrition at New York university, the cupcakes is the most democratic of desserts. As they are small enough for one person, you don’t have go share your cupcake with anyone –it’s all yours. They are also all the same size, so there can’t be any cries of “she got the bigger piece!”Each bite can taste different depending on how much icing you have. It is a lesson in self determination. Some people eat only a little of the frosting every time, other have it all in just one bite.In recent years, eating a cupcake has become as trendy as having a cup of Starbucks coffee.Democratic presidential candidate Hillary Clinton jokingly promised on a talk show that if she was elected president, a he would give everyone a cupcake on her birthday.Ruth Reichl, editor---in----chief of gourmet magazine, explains that the rise of the cupcake is very much about going buck to American national identity in food, which is all about comfort. “people want to about when they and their country were innocent,” she said.51. According to the passage, it has been an American tradition that_______.A. a party for children is held on their birthdayB. A mom cooks a bowl of noodles for her children on their birthdayC. A mom makes a cupcake for her children on their birthday and brings it to the classroom D. parents go traveling with their children on their birthday52. Why do doctors ask people to ban cupcake on children’s birthday?A. Because they themselves don’t like cupcake B. Because they think cupcakes are not so delicious C. Because they believe cupcakes will cause cries of “she got the bigger piece”.D. Because they believe cupcakes are one of the causes to make children become fat.53. The following are true according to Marion Nestle expect that ______A. the cupcake is more democratic than any other deserts in the USB. the cupcake is too small to share with others C. the sizes of cupcakes are the same so it is equal to everyone D. cupcakes will lead to child obesity so they should be banned 54. The underlined word “trendy” in paragraph 7 probably means______A. popular          B. gentle            C. delicious        D. different55. Why did the writer mention Hillary Clinton and Ruth Reichl?A. To arouse the readers’ attention B. To show that cupcakes are becoming a popular to show kindness and comfort.C. To make a comparison between themD. To give readers a general idea of cupcakes  5     Americans wear black for mourning Chinese wear white. Westerners think of dragons as monsters. Chinese honor them as symbols of God. Chinese civilization has often shown such polarities (极性)  with the West, as though each stands at extreme ends of a global string. Now in the University of California, Berkeley, psychologist has discovered deeper polarities between Chinese and American cultures — polarities that go to the heart of how we reason and discover truth.     His findings go far toward explaining why American cultures seem to contentious and Chinese cultures so passive, when compared to each other. More importantly, the research opens the way for the peoples of the East and the West to learn from each other in fundamental ways. The Chinese could learn much from Western methods for determining scientific truth, said Kaiping Peng, a former Beijing Scholar, who is now a UC Berkeley assistant professor of psychology. And Americans could profit enormously from the Chinese tolerance for accepting contradictions in social and personal life, he said.     “Americans have a terrible need to find out who is right in an argument,” said Peng. “The problem is that at the interpersonal level you really don’t need to find the truth, or maybe there isn’t any.” Chinese people, said Peng, are far more content to think that both sides have flaws and virtues, because they have a holistic awareness that life is full of contradictions. They do far less blaming of the individual than do Americans, he added.     In studies of interpersonal argument, for example, when subjects were asked to deal with contradictory information stemming from conflict between a mother and a daughter or a student and a school, Peng found that Americans were “non-compromising, blaming one side — usually the mother — for the causes of the problems, demanding changes from one side to attain a solution and offering no compromise” in dealing with the conflict. Compared to this angry, blaming American stance, the Chinese were paragons (模范) of compromise, finding fault on both sides and looking for solutions that moved both sides to the middle.41. In Paragraph 1, the author sets examples in order to _____.A. expose the contradiction between Chinese and AmericansB. show the differences between Chinese culture and American cultureC. find the reason for the differencesD. generalize the main idea of the passage 42. The underlined word “contentious” in Paragraph 2 probably means _____.A. conservative       B. aggressive      C. objective       D. optimistic43. Compared with Americans, Chinese are _____.A. likely to find the truth in life    B. reluctant to admit their own failureC. reluctant to have a general idea of things    D. likely to know advantages and disadvantages of things44. The studies show that _____.A. an American treats his or her mother badly      B. different ideas of treating the agedC. different personality of Chinese and American   D. different conflicts of Americans and Chinese45. The main idea of the passage is _____.A. polarities between American and Chinese culture    B. priorities of American culture to ChineseC. different attitudes towards the aged               D. different manners in social occasions6“What’s in a name?” According to Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet, there is not too much. “That which we call a rose by any other name would smell as sweet.” But Shakespeare may have been wrong. In most cultures, names matter a great deal. Americans choose names for their children with care. Parents usually think about the impression a name gives, not its meaning. Most Americans would consider a “Jennifer” more attractive than a “Bertha”, for example. The last name, or, surname, must also be considered when choosing a first and middle name. A name like Lester Chester Hester would sound poetic, but odd. Parents would avoid names that remind them of people they don’t like. On the other hand, people might name their children after a respected elderly relative or even a famous person. The popularity of certain names can change with each new generation. Names that were once common, like Fanny or Elmer, sound old-fashioned today. But other names---like John and David, Mary and Sarah---have stood the test of time and continue to be favorites.People in America don’t always call their friends and relatives by their given names. Instead, they often use nicknames. Sometimes nicknames are short forms of a longer name. For instance, a girl named Elizabeth may be called Lisa, Beth or Betsy. As children grow up, they may decide for themselves which nickname they wish to be called. Some people just go by the initials of their first and middle names, like B.J. or R.C. And of course, people may call their children or their sweethearts other special nicknames. Often they have a “sweet” flavor, like Honey or Sugar.What’s in a name? A world of significance. So if you’re choosing an English name for yourself, take care to choose a good one. A made-up name could sound strange to native English speakers. And a translation of your Chinese name may not make an appropriate name, either. But a good name can leave a positive and lasting impression. As an American politician once said, “In real life, unlike in Shakespeare, the sweetness of the rose depends upon the name it bears.”41. What does the underlined sentence in paragraph 2 mean?People change names in order to be popular with the new generation. Names will change by themselves in order to be popular.Some names may no longer be popular among the new generation.No names can stand the test of time.42. When choosing names, you should stick to the following principles except that __________.the impression a name gives is more important than its meaningyou can name after a well-known personsurname should be paid attention to      you can create a name that is special43. The word “initial” in paragraph 3 probably means __________.A. nickname       B. the first letter       C. short form       D. title44. The author will name a newly born baby girl __________. A. Bertha        B. Fanny             C. Yunyun          D. Elizabeth 45. What is the main idea of this passage?A. Names have great significance to Americans.    B. Names change when time goes by.C. Chinese people should be careful when choosing their English names.D. Roses smell sweet by any other name. 1篇：D A C B A2篇：46—50: CBDDC   3篇：CAACB4篇： 51-55  CDDAB5篇： 41—45 BBDCA     6篇：41-45CDBDA