专题03（阅读理解之说明文）开学考试专辑+2022届高三英语百所名校好题分类快递

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2022届高三英语百所名校好题分类快递（02月）开学考试专辑
专题03（阅读理解之说明文）原卷版

浙江省台州市椒江区省联盟2022届高三开学考试英语试题
Time spent alone during the pandemicled to positive effects on well-being across all ages, new research has found.
The study of more than 2,000 teenagers and adults found that most people experienced benefits from solitudeduring the early days of the global Covid-19 pandemic. All age groups experienced positive as well as negative effects of being alone. However, the researchers found that descriptions of solitude included more positive effects than negative. On average, well-being scores when participants were alone were 5 out of 7 across all ages, including adolescents aged 13—16.
Some study participants talked about worsening mood or well-being, but most described their experiences of solitude in terms of feeling skilled and feeling self-reliant. 43% of all respondents mentioned that solitude involved activities and experiences of spending time on skills-building and activities, and that was consistent across all ages. Meanwhile, self-connection and reliance on self was a major feature particularly for adults, who mentioned it twice as often as teenage participants.
Dr Netta Weinstein, Associate Professor of Psychology at the University of Reading said, “The conventional wisdom is that adolescents on the whole found that the pandemic was a negative experience, but we see in our study how components of solitude can be positive. Over those first few months of the pandemic here in the UK, we see that working adults were actually the most likely to mention aspects of worsening well-being and mood, but even those are not as commonly mentioned as more positive experiences of solitude.”
The researchers noted that the findings were taken from one phase of the Covid-19 pandemic during the summer of 2020, and recommended that follow-up data looks at experiences of solitude during challenging periods such as this one, and also more commonplace periods where daily solitude may look and feel different.
27. What did participants think of solitude?
A. It was time consuming. B. It involved too much activities.
C. It mostly decreased well-being. D. It made them more independent.
28. What information is mainly conveyed in paragraph 4?
A. Solitude is still beneficial to life despite some negative aspects.
B. The pandemic led to negative experiences on the whole.
C. The working adults complained of the decreasing well-being.
DAdolescents in the study always disliked staying alone.
29. What do the researchers expect of the following-up study?
A. It’ll be different. B. It’ll be challenging.
C．It’ll get more periods involved. D. It’ll focus on data on the pandemic.
30. What can be a suitable title for the text?
A. The Joys of Solitude B. More Solitude, Better Welling-being
C. Welling-being across All Ages D. More Staying Alone, Less Enjoyment

河南省濮阳市2021-2022学年高三下学期开学摸底考试英语试题
Dennis Prescott, a famous Canadian chef and cookbook author, understands the very essence of cooking. His practice is based on making people happy with food that inspires joy at the table. Naturally, it took Prescott time and work to achieve a level of freedom and joy in the kitchen.
As a struggling musician living in Nashville, TN, he learned how to cook by working his way through several Jamie Oliver cookbooks. But he soon realized that food, rather than music, was his actual passion and he threw himself into creating delicious recipes. Working alongside chefs in various restaurants leads him to travel the world as a chef and finally become the master he is today.
“Mastery takes years,” stresses the chef. “The best chefs in the world are the best because they’ve put years of work to get to a place where something comes naturally to them like second nature. And they still fail often, because they’re constantly pushing their own creativity in the kitchen.”
Besides the actual cooking, Prescott’s success is also owed to his online presence. His Instagram account is full of photos of mouth-watering food and appealing recipes that will inspire you, at the very least, to order some takeout. “When I started, I simply thought all I’d have to focus on was food,” he says. “Wrong. Should you aspire to be the best chef? Absolutely! That said, I spend much more time working on account receivables and on meetings than I do in the kitchen.”
When asked what is his advice to other aspiring cooks, he said, “There is no special pill or secret to success. Just put your head down, work hard and put in the time. In the end, the risk will pay off.”
8. How did Prescott learn to cook at first?
A. By copying other cooks on social media. B. By learning cooking skills from cookbooks.
C. By doing cooking in various restaurants. D. By getting special recipes from a musician.
9. What does Prescott think of the best chefs?
A. They work years to avoid failure. B. They have second nature to be cooks.
C. They are creative and practice constantly. D. They usually have their own kitchen.
10. What does Prescott consider wrong as a cook?
A. Spending time on account receivables. B. Ordering some takeout online.
C. Longing to be the best chef. D. Focusing all on food.
11. Which is Prescott’s suggestion to other cooks?
A. They should face up to failure. B. They should seek the secret of recipes.
C. The practice of cooking should come first. D. Cooking should be combined with music.

河南省濮阳市2021-2022学年高三下学期开学摸底考试英语试题
Triantha Occidentalis，commonly known as the western false asphodel (西部假水仙), which has been known to science since 1879, is a herb-like plant found in abundance along North America’s West Coast. But it is only recently that researchers discovered the innocent-looking plant’s desire for insects.
“We had no idea it was carnivorous (食肉的),” says botanist Sean Graham. “This was not found in some exotic tropical location, but really right on our doorstep in Vancouver. You could exactly walk out from Vancouver to this field site.”
While studying the plant, the researchers noticed that Triantha Occidentalis lacked the same gene as other carnivorous plants. Since the plant grows in the same wet, sunny habitat with nutrient-poor soil as other carnivorous plants, they wondered if it caught insects for nutrition as well. “And at the same time they have sticky stems (茎),” Graham said. “So, I wonder if this could be a sign that it might be carnivorous.”
To test whether it is carnivorous, scientists marked fruit flies with nitrogen-15 isotopes (氮-l5同位素). By collecting the plants the fruit flies visited and comparing the nitrogen levels of different plants, the researchers found that Triantha Occidentalis was able to get more than half of the nitrogen it needed, suggesting that it absorbs nitrogen from the fruit flies. Additionally, the digestive enzyme (消化酶) released by the sticky hairs in flower stems was similar to that found in other carnivorous plants.
Usually, the deadly trap of carnivorous plants grow far away from the flower to prevent accidentally killing pollinators (授粉者), while the western false asphodel traps insects near flowers. The scientists say this is the first time they have met the deadly trap on the flower’s stem, and the sticky hairs on the stem of Triantha Occidentalis can only catch small insects, not the larger bees or butterflies involved in pollination.
“It’s a good reminder that we still don’t know much about the ecology of a lot of individual plant species, even in well-known environments,” says Dr. Qianshi Lin.
12. What does Graham stress in paragraph 2?
A. The discovery is made in the local place.
B. Carnivorous plants grow in the hottest places.
C. Triantha Occidentalis is very common.
D. Vancouver is home to various carnivorous plants.
13. What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 4 refer to?
A. The nitrogen. B. The digestive enzyme.
C. The flower. D. The nutrition.
14. Which part of the western false asphodel catches insects?
A. Its fruit. B. Its leaves.
C. Its stem. D. Its roots.
15. What is the best title for the text?
A. A new species of local flower is discovered.
B. A carnivorous flower in the wild grows well.
C. A flower gives off strange smell to attract insects.
D. An innocent-looking plant turns out to be carnivorous.


湖南省六校2021-2022学年高三下学期2月联考英语试题
When Barcelona’s citizens emerged from a six-week lockdown at the end of April last year, they found that while the city had lain inactive, nature had been busy transforming the streets and parks into a wilderness. “The parks were shut, so no gardening was carried out,” says Margarita Pares, who heads the city’s biodiversity programme. “It was spring and it rained a lot more than usual. The result was an explosion in plant growth. And there were many more butterflies, as they are a species that reacts very quickly to changes in the environment.”
Once the gardeners went back to work, the question was whether to return everything to its neat and tidy state, or let nature take its course？The answer is neither. Pares says the council spent the previous two years working on plans to “naturalise” or “rewild” the city—and was about to announce this change of policy when the pandemic struck. By the time the lockdown ended, it was a lot easier to sell rewilding to the public desiring fresh air and open space. When it comes to embracing nature in its cities, Spain falls behind many countries. But it is hoped that Barcelona’s new policy will go some way to correcting that.
“In a city like Barcelona, it’s a case of replacing what exists with green infrastructure(基础建设),” says Lorena Escuer who has worked in Barcelona on a pilot scheme called Alcorques Vivos, which plants wildflowers at the base of trees in the streets rather than surrounding them with pavement. “It’s not having a park surrounded by asphalt(沥青)but introducing nature into the city,” she says. “People need re-educating. Their idea of a clean space is where there’s no life and the ecosystem is dead. There’s this idea that nature is something outside and that what’s natural for the city is for there to be nothing.”
“Rewilding has made us look at how we live and how we want to live. There’s no going back from here. The lockdown gave us a glimpse of nature in the city and it surprised us,” says Margarita Pares.
8. What happened to Barcelona after a six-week lockdown last year？
A. The environment became wild. B. Plants stopped growing.
C. Gardening was abolished. D. Fewer butterflies emerged.
9. What does the underlined phrase “new policy” in paragraph 2 refer to？
A. Returning Barcelona to neatness and tidiness.
B. Filling open space with fitness facilities.
C. “Naturalising” or “rewilding” Barcelona.
D. Developing economy to shake off backwardness.
10. Which of the following will Lorena Escuer probably support？
A. Surrounding trees with pavement. B. Promoting green infrastructure.
C. Building park roads with asphalt. D. Keeping the city empty and clean.
11. What is Margarita Pares’s attitude to “rewilding”？
A. Doubtful. B. Intolerant. C. Unclear. D. Favorable.

湖南省六校2021-2022学年高三下学期2月联考英语试题
We tend to use more emotional language to enhance our powers of persuasion, according to research published in Psychological Science, a journal of the Association for Psychological Science. The research shows that people tend toward appeals that aren’t simply more positive or negative but are filled with emotionality, even when they’re trying to persuade an audience that may not be receptive to such language.
Understanding the components that make for a persuasive message is a critical focus of fields ranging from advertising to politics and even public health. The researchers wanted to look at the question from a different angle, exploring how we communicate with others when we are the ones trying to persuade.
In one online study, the researchers showed 1,285 participants a photo and some relevant details for a particular product available from Amazon.com. They asked some participants to write a five-star review that would persuade readers to purchase that product, while they asked others to write a five-star review that simply described the product’s positive features. The findings showed that although the reviews were equally positive in their language, the data showed that reviewers used more emotional language when they were trying to persuade readers to buy a product compared with when they were writing a five-star review without intending to persuade. Importantly, the shift toward more emotional language appeared to be automatic rather than deliberative.
The tendency to use more emotional language emerged even when participants were attempting to persuade a group of “rational” thinkers. “Past research indicates that emotional appeals can backfire when an audience prefers unemotional appeals,” the researchers say. “Our findings indicate that there is such a strong enough connection between persuasion and emotion in people’s minds that they continue to use emotion even in the face of an audience where that approach can have an unintended result.”
An interesting avenue for future research the researchers say, is to investigate whether the association transfers across various contexts. “For instance, would people use less emotion if they were in a boardroom meeting or if they were writing a formal letter of recommendation?” the researchers wonder.
12. What is the study mainly about?
A. The influence of positive words.
B. The connection between emotion and persuasion.
C. The significance of understanding persuasion.
D. The power of emotional language.
13. What did the online study find in paragraph 3?
A. More positive language was used for persuasion.
B. Emotional language was naturally used to persuade readers.
C. Less emotional language was used to persuade readers.
D. Both of the reviews were objective in their language.
14. What does the underlined word “backfire” mean in paragraph 4?
A. Damage the reputation. B. Produce the desired result.
C. Attract more attention. D. Have the opposite effect.
15. What does the last paragraph indicate?
A. More research will be carried out in a boardroom meeting.
B. The researchers are not satisfied with the current avenue.
C. Future research will be done in various contexts.
D. A formal letter of recommendation should use less emotion.


四川省成都第七中学2021-2022学年高三下学期入学考试英语试题
Nearly every week, we hear news about the latest successes and failures in driverless vehicles. But we hear little about how other industries are developing this same kind of technology. One industry heavily involved in researching and developing artificial intelligence, or AI, is agriculture. Companies are experimenting with high-tech tools that can help farmers save time and money, while reducing environment-harming chemicals.
One of the companies is ecoRobotix of SwitzerLand. It created a robot equipped with AI and cameras to identify all plants on a farm. The robot has four wheels to carry it through the fields in search of weeds. Computer-controlled arms then lower and spray the weeds with small amounts of herbicide(除草剂). Company officials say the robot can fully operate on its own for up to 12 hours a day while being powered by the sun. It uses the same kind of sensor and positioning technology used to guide driverless vehicles. A farmer can also control the equipment through a smart-phone.
The co-founder of ecoRobotix, Aurelien Demaurex, says the farm robot can kill weeds with 20 times 1ess herbicide than traditional methods. This is because the system uses exactly the right amount of chemical in the exact place required to kill the weeds. Currently, farmers spread weed killers over massive areas to destroy unwanted plants.
Another company developing farm robotics is California-based Blue River Technology. The company has a system called "See & Spray", which it claims was the world's first smart sprayer. The system-which connects to the back of a tractor-is also equipped with AI to identify and chemically kill only the weeds. It can also spray chemicals on wanted plants to help them grow. Ben Chostner, vice-president of business development for Blue River Technology, explains in a company video that See & Spray technology uses the same deep learning methods used in facial recognition. "The first time the machine saw a pigweed, it didn't know what kind of plant it was. But we taught it-by giving it tens of thousands of examples of that pigweed-and now it's an expert in pigweed. "
8. How will AI benefit agriculture?
A. It will fund agriculture research.
B. It contributes to low-cost farming.
C. It can avoid harmful chemicals.
D. It frees all farmers from field work.
9. What do the products of the two companies have in common?
A. They use recognition technology.
B. They are powered by solar energy.
C. They are connected with smart phones.
D. They can help wanted plants grow rapidly.
10. What do Ben Chostner's words suggest about the robot?
A. It is environmentally-friendly.
B. It is good at self-improving.
C. It has the learning ability.
D. It can track various plants.
11. What is mainly talked about in the text？
A. The experiment in farming robots.
B. New trend in artificial intelligence.
C. Modern See & Spray technology.
D. Artificial intelligence in agriculture.

四川省成都第七中学2021-2022学年高三下学期入学考试英语试题
Give yourself a test. Which way is the wind blowing? How many kinds of wildflowers can be seen from your front door? If your awareness is as sharp as it could be, you’ll have no trouble answering these questions.
Most of us observed much more as children than we do as adults. A child’s day is filled with fascination, newness and wonder. Curiosity gave us all a natural awareness. But distinctions that were sharp to us as children become unclear; we are numb to new stimulation, new ideas. Relearning the art of seeing the world around us is quite simple, although it takes practice and requires breaking some bad habits.
The first step in awakening senses is to stop predicting what we are going to see and feel before it occurs. This blocks awareness. One chilly night when I was hiking in the Rocky Mountains with some students, I mentioned that we were going to cross a mountain stream. The students began complaining about how cold it would be. We reached the stream, and they unwillingly walked ahead. They were almost knee-deep when they realized it was a hot spring. Later they all admitted they’d felt cold water at first.
Another block to awareness is the obsession many of us have with naming things. I saw bird watchers who spotted a bird, immediately looked it up in field guides, and said, a “ruby-crowned kinglet” and checked it off. They no longer paid attention to the bird and never learned what it was doing.
The pressures of “time” and “destination” are further blocks to awareness. I encountered many hikers who were headed to a distant camp-ground with just enough time to get there before dark. It seldom occurred to them to wander a bit, to take a moment to see what’s around them. I asked them what they’d seen. “Oh, a few birds,” they said. They seemed bent on their destinations.
Nature seems to unfold to people who watch and wait. Next time you take a walk，no matter where it is, take in all the sights, sounds and sensations. Wander in this frame of mind and you will open a new dimension to your life.
12. According to Paragraph 2, compared with adults, children are more ________.
A. anxious to practice their skills B. sensitive to others’ feelings
C. likely to develop unpleasant habits D. eager to explore their surroundings
13. What idea does the author convey in Paragraph 3?
A. To avoid mistakes honestly. B. To stop complaining all the time.
C. To avoid jumping to conclusions. D. To follow the teacher’s unstruetions.
14. What does the underlined part “bent on” in Paragraph 5 mean?
A. tired of B. devoted to C. confused about D. pressed for
15. In the passage, the author intends to tell us we should ________.
A. try our best to protect nature B. open our mind to new things and ideas
C. get rid of some bad habits in our daily life D. fill our senses to feel the wonders of the world


南京第一中学2021-2022学年高三下学期开学检测英语试题
The Sanxingdui Ruins site is one of the greatest archaeological (考古学的) discoveries of the 20th century in the world. It is located near the Yazihe River at Guanghan City, Sichuan Province and as Sichuan is where the ancient state of Shu (蜀国) was located, it is believed that Sanxingdui was the capital of the ancient “Shu culture”.
The site was originally discovered in the 1920s by a farmer. A huge surprise came in 1986 when two sacrificial pits (祭祀坑) filled with more than 1,000 cultural relics, including gold masks, bronze sacred trees, bronze ware, jade ware and ivory, were discovered by local workers excavating (挖掘) clay for bricks.
On March 20, 2021, officials announced that they had discovered six new sacrificial pits at the Sanxingdui Ruins site and have found nearly 500 important cultural relics to date. The finding quickly gained attention worldwide.
During about a year of hard work, nearly 2,000 cultural relics were unearthed in these six newly discovered sacrificial pits. In September, officials held another media briefing and announced the discovery of 1,771 cultural relics from the number three and number four pits, of which 557 relics were relatively complete and the rest are fragments.
Among the items, the gold mask is the most impressive. It was found in June. After restoration, it turned out to be the biggest complete gold mask found at the site, with fine texture and quality. Three bronze figures (雕像) with their palms pressed together and their heads twisted to the right, were also a unique find among Sanxingdui items in terms of their shape and decorative pattern.
Experts said that these new discoveries provided further material for studying the bronze casting (铸造) technology of the Shu people as well as their art, religious beliefs, social system and cultural exchanges with surrounding areas.
8. Who was the first to have discovered the Sanxingdui Ruins?
A. An official. B. A farmer. C. A worker. D. An archaeologist.
9. What does the underlined word “fragments” mean in paragraph 4?
A. Large items. B. Broken pieces. C. Good qualities. D. Impressive looks.
10. What makes the three bronze figures unique?
A. The religious symbols. B. The fine texture and quality.
C. Their size and material. D. Their shape and decorations.
11. What does the last paragraph mainly talk about?
A. The importance of the new discoveries. B. The further studies of Sanxingdui Ruins.
C. The casting technology of the Shu people. D. The cultural exchanges with other countries.

南京第一中学2021-2022学年高三下学期开学检测英语试题
In gardens across Britain the grass has stopped growing, which is not drought-stricken. In fact, it is greener and cleaner than ever before. That is because the lawns (草坪) are actually artificial substitutes.
Britons are fascinated by lawns. Country estates (庄园) have long competed to have the most perfectly cut and polished grassland. “What you’re saying in big loud capital letters, is ‘I’m so terribly wealthy’,” says Fiona Davison of the RHS(皇家园林协会))). With the coming of grass-cutting machines in 1830, the middle classes joined the fun.
But now Britons have fallen in love with artificial grass. Evergreens UK, which sells the stuff, says it has seen a 120% rise in sales since 2015. Artificial grass is popular with families who have children or dogs and don’t want mud dragged through their houses. It has another charm factor, too—people now see gardens as “outside rooms”—pairing carpets of artificial grass with delicately decorated seating and hot containers.
Not everyone is a fan. Artificial grass contains microplastics that ruin soil and risk flooding. A study finds earthworms gain 14% less body weight when operating under rubber, a form of artificial grass, which might not be a problem for its fans, as wormholes are regular disgusting things, but it disappoints green types. Ms Davison says a group of wildlife-loving gardeners is blooming, many having caught the bug during COVID-19 lockdowns. For example, a landscape designer says they like things less neat and try “to capture that wild element”. These eco-gardeners are influenced by rewilding projects and are more likely to be environmentalists.
While three written documents signed by many people have tried to stop artificial grass spreading, the government says regulating what people do in their backyards is wrong. The RHS is concerned about artificial grass, but prefers persuasion to laws. “We say ‘Let a hundred flowers bloom’,” says Ms Davison.
12. What can be inferred from Davison’s remark in Paragraph 2?
A. She is very rich.
B. High-quality grassland is valued.
C. Operating a cutting machine is fun.
D. The gardening competition is fierce.
13. What possibly contributes to the popularity of artificial grass?
A. Messy grasslands. B. Gardens’ new function.
C. Advertising campaigns. D. Ill-mannered children and dogs.
14 What can replace the underlined phrase “caught the bug” in Paragraph 4?
A. got infected. B. lost their temper.
C. became depressed. D. develop the passion.
15. Which of the following is a suitable title of the text?
A. The Barrier of British Grassland
B. The Appeal of Grassland for Britons
C. The Fight to Define the Great British Garden
D. The Competition to Become the Best Grassland


江苏省扬州中学2021-2022学年高三下开学检测英语试题
Humans are not the only ones that like gold. Australian scientists have discovered a new fungus (真菌) that decorates its long, thread-like tendrils (卷须) with gold collected from the soil. The experts desperately hope the “gold digger” will provide information on the locations of gold deposits (沉淀物) and make searching for the precious metal easier, and more environmentally friendly.
The gold-loving fungus was discovered accidentally by a team of researchers led by Dr. Tsing Bohu a scientist at Australia national science agency, CSIRO, when they were examining the microbes (微生物) in the soil at Boddington, a tiny town home to Australia's largest gold mine.
A closer analysis suggested that the fungus uses chemical interactions with underground minerals to accumulate gold from its surroundings. Though fungi often interact with other things in nature, the reaction with gold was unexpected. “Fungi are well-known for playing an important role in the recycling of organic material, such as leaves and bark, as well as for the cycling of other metals,” Dr. Bohu explained. “But gold is so chemically inactive that this interaction is both unusual and surprising.”
The fungi are not wearing the gold for beauty. “There is a biological benefit from this reaction.” Dr. Bohu said, “Gold-loving fungi can grow faster and bigger relative to other fungi that don’t work with gold.”
The researchers still need to conduct further analysis to understand the relationship between the fungi and the precious metal. More importantly, they need to determine if its presence is a sure sign of the existence of large deposits of the metal underground. The scientists also believe the fungi could be used to detect the presence of gold in waste products and man-made electronics.
However, those hoping to get free gold from the fungi are in for a disappointment, for the delicate fungus is hard to see. Also, its gold can only be seen under a microscope.
28. What are the experts starved of?
A. Investigating the sites. B. Excavating the gold mines.
C. Getting further informed. D. Unearthing gold deposits.
29. What could be learned according to Dr. Bohu?
A. Fungi’s interaction with gold is unexpected but beneficial.
B. Gold’s classification is biologically identified by fungi.
C. Fungi’s formation with gold is fairly natural and frequent.
D. Gold is chemically accumulated by fungi’s evolution.
30. How does the author find the finding?
A. It excites the gold diggers’ motivation.
B. It has a long way to go before confirmation.
C. It lays the foundation of geological studies.
D. It ensures the search of gold sites.
31. What can be the suitable title for the text?
A. Beauty-loving Fungi Wrapped by Gold
B. Gold-loving Fungi Discovered in Australia
C. Boddington, Austria’s Largest Gold Mine
D. New Discovery of Gold with Fungi

江苏省扬州中学2021-2022学年高三下开学检测英语试题
In general, our society is becoming one of giant enterprises directed by a bureaucratic (官僚主义的) management in which man becomes a small, well-oiled cog in the machinery. The oiling is done with higher wages, well-equipped factories and piped music, and by psychologists and “human-relations” experts; yet all this oiling does not change the fact that man has become powerless, that he does not wholeheartedly participate in his work and he is bored with it. In fact, the blue-collar and the white-collar workers have become economic puppets who dance to the tune of automated machines and bureaucratic management.
The workers and employees are anxious, seemingly because they might find themselves out of a job or they would say that they are unable to acquire any real satisfaction or interest in life. In fact, they live and die without ever having confronted the fundamental realities of human existence as emotionally and intellectually independent and productive human beings.
Those higher up on the social ladder are no less anxious. Their lives are no less empty. They are even more insecure in some respects. They are in a highly competitive race. To be promoted or to fall behind is not a matter of salary but even more a matter of self-respect. When they apply for their first job, they are tested for intelligence as well as for the right mixture of submissiveness (顺从) and independence. From the moment on they are tested again and again by the psychologists, for whom testing is a big business, and by their superiors, who judge their behavior, sociability, capacity to get along, etc. This constant need to prove that one is as good as or better than one’s fellow-competitor creates constant anxiety and stress, the very causes of unhappiness and illness.
Am I suggesting that we should return to the pre-industrial mode of production or to nineteenth-century “free enterprise” capitalism? Certainly not. Problems are never solved by returning to a stage which one has already outgrown. I suggest transforming our social system from a bureaucratically managed industrialism in which maximal production and consumption are ends in themselves into a humanist industrialism in which man and full development of his potentialities are the aims of social arrangements. Production and consumption should serve as means to this end, and should be prevented from ruling man.
32. By “a well-oiled cog in the machinery”, the author expresses the idea that man is ________.
A. expected to work in reasonable harmony with the rest of society
B. a replaceable component of society, though functioning smoothly
C. responsible for the smooth running of society and business operations
D. an essential part of society though individual’s function is insignificant
33. The real cause of the anxiety of the workers and employees is that ________.
A. they are forced to give up their individuality and independence
B. they are filled with the well-founded fear of being unemployed
C. they don’t have any genuine satisfaction or interest in real life
D. they have to face the fundamental realities of human existence
34. From the passage we can infer that real happiness of life belongs to those who _____.
A. hold well-paid and life-long jobs
B. enjoy high social status and reputation
C. outperform their fellow-competitors
D. stay away from over-competitiveness
35. To solve the present social problems the author suggests the we should ________.
A. turn to the production mode of our ancestors
B. offer higher wages to workers and employees
C. enable man to fully develop his potentialities
D. take the fundamental realities for granted

江苏省海门中学2021-2022学年高三下学期期初考试英语试题
A slow death is creeping through Earth’s forests. As animals are killed by hunters or forced away by logging, the plants that depend on them to carry their seeds begin to disappear. Over time, trees and other plants may vanish. Climate change is accelerating this process, a new study suggests—and it may eventually harm biodiversity.
Many plants need help to move about the world. About half of all species rely on birds and mammals to eat or carry their fruits and nuts to new places. When these partners disappear, forests and plant communities can struggle to regenerate.
Climate change is making things worse. As temperatures warm and rainfall decreases, plant populations will have to extend their ranges by as much as tens of kilometers per year.
Ecologist Evan Fricke, wanted to know how well plants all across the planet might be able to move to new habitats. He and his colleagues gathered existing data from thousands of studies that looked at how birds and mammals spread seeds, including how far they travel and what percentage of the seeds actually get to grow. They focused on seeds that are dispersed more than 1 kilometer, a distance that is great enough to expand populations and help them recover from disturbances.
The average ability of plants to keep pace with climate change has already declined by 60%, the research found. “That should certainly be ringing alarm bells,” says Fricke, “We’re ‘forcing’ plants to move these great distances, but we’ve also significantly slowed their ability to do so.”
The loss of the ability is greater in temperate (温带) regions according to the research. That’s because these areas have lost many populations and species of large fruit-eating mammals, which can move seeds longer distances. Also, the challenge for plants is greater there, because when climate conditions change in relatively flat landscapes, species must move farther north to keep cool. In contrast, an alpine plant (高山植物) only has to move uphill to get to a cooler climate.
The situation could get worse. In another analysis, the researchers predicted what might happen if currently threatened and endangered seed-dispersing birds and mammals go extinct. This would reduce a plant’s ability to keep up with climate change by another 15%.
However, some of the damage can be repaired by connecting isolated habitats. That will better allow species to move in response to climate change. Reintroducing large animals to their former ranges could also help, because they can move seeds long distances.
“This is a very loud wake up call for urgent conservation efforts” of fruit-eating and seed-dispersing animals, says ecologist Rodolfo Dirzo. “What’s important,”he says, “is not just preventing extinction, but keeping populations big enough to help many plants reproduce.”
8. Which of the following is a threat to Earth’s forests?
A. Warming climate.
B. Loss of biodiversity.
C. Migration of animals.
D. Disappearance of seeds.
9. What does the underlined word “dispersed” in Paragraph 4 mean?
A. reaped B. spread C. planted D. sowed
10. The reason for some plants becoming less able to adapt to climate change is that ____.
A. they lack proper means of spreading the seeds
B. the average temperatures have dropped by 60%
C. plants in temperate areas are logged to extinction
D. it’s difficult for plants to move in rugged landscapes
11. According to Dirzo, what should be prioritized to repair the damage done to the plants?
A. Moving seeds over long distances systematically.
B. Introducing foreign fruit-eating animals into the habitat.
C. Save the threatened and endangered species from dying out.
D. Taking actions to keep the population of seed-dispersing animals.

福建省2021～2022学年高三下学期开学考试英语试题
Sea plants like marine algae (海洋藻类), seagrass and mangroves (红树林) provide habitats for many marine creatures including shrimp, fish and other small creatures. In some way, these plants keep the steady of the environment on the bottom of the sea that might otherwise be damaged by sea waves, sunlight and other climate change.
In mankind’s view, mangroves offer a safeguard against storms such as hurricanes, protecting the inland areas where people live, especially in places like the coastlines of Florida and Louisiana.
Marine algae, seagrass and mangroves play another vital role for many marine creatures-that of a baby room. Many marine animals lay eggs in these areas because their young have a better chance of avoiding hunters while hidden in the plants.
Many animals rely on these plants as a main food source as well. Sea urchins (海胆) are just one example of some marine creatures that eat marine algae, keeping the algae from over-growth for its health. Without these vital plants, lots of marine animals would have little protection from the hunters and human activities.
Pollution and fertilizer run-off, damage from boat grounding and human-caused stresses on natural water systems are just a few types of threats that impact these weak ecosystems. The effects of the oil run-off in combination with these pre-existent conditions are difficult to predict. However, it is certain that the results will not be good for the already stressed environments that many species of marine life call home.
When exposed to the oil and the chemicals used to clean up the run-off, the sea plants themselves are directly affected. But in addition, the marine animals that depend on these plants as food and shelter are also impacted, and the rest of the food web will feel the effect.
8. What do the mangroves mean to the people in Florida?
A. Their security blankets. B. Their food sources.
C. Their hiding places. D. Their homes.
9. Why do many marine animals produce their young in the three plants?
A. To handle climate change. B. To search for food.
C. To look for room. D. To seek shelter.
10. What relationship do sea urchins and marine algae have?
A．Interdependent. B. Unfriendly. C. Cooperative. D. Competitive.
11. What may be the indirect result of the oil run-off?
A. The food web will be rebuilt. B. The sea plants will grow widely.
C. People’s health will be under threat. D. People will use chemicals to clean it up.

福建省2021～2022学年高三下学期开学考试英语试题
Lithium-ion（锂离子）batteries are the current front-runners for storing renewable energy, but their components can be expensive. Zinc（锌）batteries are easier on the wallet and the planet, but lab experiments are now pointing to ways around their primary drawback：They can’t be recharged over and over for decades.
The need for grid-scale（电网规模的）battery storage is growing as increasing amounts of solar, wind, and other renewable energy come online. This year, America is committed to making the American electricity grid carbon-free by 2035. To even out dips in supply, much of that renewable power will have to be stored for hours or days, and then fed back into the grid. For California alone, it wants to deploy（部署）more than 8800 megawatts of rechargeable batteries by 2026, and last week, the governor of California proposed $350 million in state funding to develop long-duration energy storage technologies. “That trend will not go down. It will only continue to grow,” says Mark Baggio, vice president for business development at Zinc8 Energy Solutions, a zinc battery producer.
“For power storage, Lithium-ion is the 800-pound gorilla,” says Michael Burz, CEO of EnZinc, a zinc battery startup, “but lithium, a relatively rare metal that’s only mined in a handful of countries, is too scarce and expensive to back up the world’s grids. We need an alternative to lithium. Zinc batteries may be one of the options.”
Non-rechargeable zinc batteries have been on the market for decades. More recently, some zinc rechargeable batteries have also been commercialized, but they tend to have limited energy storage capacity. Another technology, zinc flow cell batteries, is also making big steps. But it requires more complex pumps and tanks to operate.
So, researchers are now working to improve other varieties including zinc-air cells. They say although it’s urgent, there is a long way to go before they find a solution.
12. What do we know about grid-scale battery storage?
A. It lacks financial support. B. It has crucial breakthroughs.
C. It meets the public demands. D. Its market is huge.
13. What is Michael Burz’s attitude to zinc batteries for energy storage?
A. Skeptical. B. Supportive. C. Conservative. D. Disappointed.
14What does paragraph 4 mainly tell us about Zinc batteries?
A. Their improvements. B. Their popularity.
C. Their functions. D. Their disadvantages.
15. Which can be the best title for the text?
A. Carbon free：a long-term goal to achieve
B. Zinc batteries：a possible solution to power storage
C. Renewable energy：the unlimited resource of power
D. Lithium-ion batteries：the front-runners for storing energy


湖南省衡阳市第八中学2022届高三下学期开学考试英语试题
On a September afternoon in 1940, four teenage boys made their way through the woods on a hill overlooking Montignac in southwestern France. They had come to explore a dark, deep hole said to be an underground passage to the nearby manor（庄园）of Lascaux. Squeezing through the entrance one by one, they soon saw wonderfully lifelike paintings of running horses, swimming deer, wounded wild oxen, and other beings—works of art that may be up to 20,000 years old.
The collection of paintings in Lascaux is among some 150 prehistoric sites dating from the Paleolithic period（旧石器时代）that have been documented in France's Vezere Valley. This corner of southwestern Europe seems to have been a hot spot for figurative art. The biggest discovery since Lascaux occurred in December 1994, when three cave explorers laid eyes on artworks that had not been seen since a rockslide 22,000 years ago closed off a large deep cave in southern France. Here, by unsteadily shining firelight, prehistoric artists drew outlines of cave lions, herds of rhinos（犀牛）and magnificent wild oxen, horses, cave bears. In all, the artists drew 442 animals over perhaps thousands of years, using nearly 400,000 square feet of cave surface as their canvas（画布）. The site, now known as Chauvet-Pont-1'Arc Cave, is sometimes considered the Sistine Chapel of prehistory.
For decades scholars had theorized that art had advanced in slow stages from ancient scratchings to lively, naturalistic interpretation. Surely the delicate shading and elegant lines of Chauvet's masterworks placed them at the top of that progression. Then carbon dates came in, and prehistorians felt shocked. At some 36,000 years old—nearly twice as old as those in Lascaux—Chauvet's images represented not the peak of prehistoric art but its earliest known beginnings.
The search for the world's oldest cave paintings continues. On the Indonesian island of Sulawesi, for example, scientists found a large room of paintings of part-human, part-animal beings that are estimated to be 44,000 years old, older than any figurative art seen in Europe.
Scholars don't know if art was invented many times over or if it was a skill developed early in our evolution. What we do know is that artistic expression runs deep in our ancestry.
28. According to the passage, where did the boys find the paintings?
A. In the woods on a hill B. In a deep cave in France.
C. In a manor of Lascaux. D. On an Indonesian island
29. According to the passage, figurative art in paragraph 2 is a form of art that_____________.
A. conveys concepts by using accurate numbers and forms
B. makes stories in contrast to scientific subjects
C. represents persons or things in a realistic way
D. expresses ideas or feelings by using shapes and patterns
30. It can be inferred from the passage that_____________.
A. the Chauvet's paintings had been sealed by a rockslide until 1994
B. the style of Chauvet's paintings is similar to that of the Sistine Chapel
C. Chauvet's images are the earliest figurative paintings that have been found
D. the main objects of Chauvet's images are part-human, part-animal beings
31. Which of the following is the best title of the passage?
A. Value of Paleolithic Artwork B. Preservation of Figurative Art
C. Artistic Expressions of Nature D. Searches for Cave Paintings


湖南省衡阳市第八中学2022届高三下学期开学考试英语试题
The 1930s and early 1940s were a good time to fish for sardines (沙丁鱼) off California. Centered on Monterey Bay, catches increased dramatically and supported the state’s economy. But the situation began to change in 1946, and sardine catches eventually fell from an average of 234,000 tons to just 24,000 tons. The industry went belly-up.
Scientists have guessed for decades about what caused this phenomenon, but they lacked data to test their theories. Now researchers have finally found one apparent cause: cycles of ocean upwelling, a defining feature of the West Coast sea environment in which deep, nutrient-rich water rises to the nutrient-poor surface and restores the food supply there. The key that unlocked this phenomenon turned out to be old seaweed specimens (标本) gathered around the U. S.
“Plants are just sitting there, recording data about the state of the ocean,” says Kyle Van Houtan, chief scientist at the Monterey Bay Aquarium and senior author of the new study. Van Houtan and others had suspected the impact of upwelling, but scientists only started measuring the process in Monterey Bay in 1946. Historic seaweed specimens, Van Houtan realized, might fill in the blanks for earlier years—similar to the way ice cores can help reconstruct CO2 levels from times before researchers started collecting real-time measurements.
For the new study, the scientists relied on the fact that deeper water near Monterey typically hosts more of a particular nitrogen isotope (氮同位素). Looking at modern upwelling data and recently collected seaweed, they found that higher levels of this nitrogen in the plants’ cells corresponded with periods of more upwelling. Next they measured the isotope levels in 70 historic specimens of the red seaweed Gelidium, gathered from Monterey as far back as 1878. The results suggested a gradual increase in upwelling and then a dramatic decrease, which lined up with the sardine population’s growth and decline.
“This paper is an excellent example of the creative detective work of historical ecology,” says Loren McClenachan, a marine ecologist at Colby College, who was not involved in the research. “There are thousands and thousands of similar specimens in collections around the world, and applying similar methods could teach us a great deal about long-term ocean change.”
32. What does the underlined part “went belly-up” in paragraph 1 mean?
A. Sprang up. B. Caught on. C. Crashed. D. Participated.
33. What does the author want to show by mentioning ice cores?
A. The significance of historic specimens.
B. The severity of global climate change.
C. The effectiveness of real-time measurements.
D. The necessity of sea level reconstruct ion.
34. How did the scientists carry out the new study?
A. By comparing different kinds of seaweed.
B. By analyzing historic and current data.
C. By recording the upwelling process.
D. By measuring the CO2 levels.
35. What can be the best title for the text?
A. The Rise and Fall of Red Seaweed Gelidium
B. Sardines Have Been Hard Hit by Overfishing
C．The Hidden History of Fisheries in the West Coast
D. Old Seaweed Reveals Secret of Monterey Sardine History


江苏省高邮市2021-2022学年高三下学期期初学情调研英语试卷
On some Swedish trains, passengers carry their e-tickets in their hands---literally. About 3, 000 Swedes have chosen to insert grain-of-rice-sized microchips beneath the skin between their thumbs and index fingers (食指). The chips, which cost around $150, can hold personal details, credit card numbers and medical records.
They rely on Radio Frequency ID (RFID), a technology already used in payment cards, tickets and passports. By one estimate there are 10, 000 people with chip implants (移植物) around the world. Sweden, home to several microchip companies, has the largest share.
Fifty employees of Three Square Market, a Wisconsin-based firm, volunteered to receive chip implants that can be used to pay at vending machines (自动售货机) and log in to computers. Individuals can order do-it-yourself kits, which come with tools to insert the device, or attend “implant parties”, where a professional gives chips to a group. Sometimes they get T-shirts that say “I got chipped”.
Jowan Osterlund, the founder of Biohax, a Swedish firm, claims chips are more secure than mobile phones. But there are still some concerns. RFID chips do not have GPS, but they leave a digital footprint when they interact with doors or printers. In 2004 a Mexican senior official and his staff had chips inserted in their arms that tracked who had accessed sensitive information.
So why take the risk? Convenience is one draw. Chip implants can be used wherever contactless IDs or payments are accepted. Sweden is well suited, as one of the world’s most cashless countries.
But the chips have little use unless companies play along. Few shops recognise chip implants yet. Even those organisations that do have had teething troubles. When Swedish rail officials began scanning (扫描) passengers’ microchips, they saw LinkedIn profiles rather than evidence of ticket purchases. For now the chips are used largely as digital business cards, keys or to store emergency documents such as wills.
So exhibitionism is another explanation. Chip enthusiasts include those who believe technology can perfect human bodies. Elon Musk, a successful business leader, has invested in tech that combines machines with human brains.
28. What do we know about some Swedes’ chip implants?
A. They are very expensive. B. They are easy to be inserted.
C. They can be added to T-shirts. D. They can be used in any local shop.
29. What does the example of a Mexican official and his staff tell us?
A. Chips are more secure than mobile phones.
B. People using chip implants risk being tracked.
C. Chip implants can interact with printers easily.
D. Biohax has a great influence on Mexican markets.
30. What is the sixth paragraph mainly about?
A. The limitations of chips. B. The wide applications of chips.
C. The efforts of different companies. D. The procedure for boarding a train.
31. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A. How Sweden becomes a cashless country.
B. How Radio Frequency ID is applied in Sweden.
C. Why Sweden is home to big microchip companies.
D. Why Swedes are inserting microchips into their bodies.

江苏省高邮市2021-2022学年高三下学期期初学情调研英语试卷
In my years in the classroom, I have had the pleasure of teaching several children who have either one or two artists as parents. These children, who have a higher than average exposure to art and the media for creating it, possess some qualities that many other children do not have: in addition to their artistic talent, I have observed that they usually read and write better than their peers. My conclusion is that their exposure to art affects other aspects of their learning.
I suggest that parents expand their definition of art. If you are a baker or a cook, or if you like to arrange flowers, you are an artist. These expressions of creativity are as valuable as those of painters and the other people we call artists. If you are a scientist and enjoy inventing and experimenting, you may include yourself in the definition of "artist".
Art is a delightful way through which you can record the development of your child's growth. Just as you will notice that writing and reading improve with age, so does artwork. The role of parents and teachers is to expose children to a variety of materials so that they can create art. Once the variety is offered, children will then have a choice as to whether they want to use the materials or not.
Creating art is a fine way for children to make choices and solve problems. Every step involves making a decision: what color to use, how to make a line, what size to make something. With every choice, the object becomes more and more their own.
Everyone has an imagination. Art takes it a step further. Through art, children create something that, until that point, was only imagined. Thus, they create visual presentation of abstract ideas.
Children who may be having difficulties in other parts of the school curriculum may find an expressive outlet through art. It's a way to uncover talent that may not be seen otherwise. Art is a means of communicating ideas, feelings, and solutions in a way other than verbally or written.
Families can create a harmonious balance in their children's lives when they make plans for the arts. Be there to appreciate and encourage them during every step of the creative process.
32. What has the author found through his teaching career?
A. Kids are more likely to be affected by their parents.
B. Artistic talent is the most important quality of kids.
C. Kids whose parents are artists can usually read and write better.
D. Learning art can make kids have easy access to success.
33. What does the author want to tell us in paragraph 2?
A. The definition of art is broad. B. It's easy to work as an artist.
C. Artists are full of creativity. D. Scientists are similar to artists.
34. What should parents do to develop kids' art?
A. Set an example to their kids. B. Help them make their decisions.
C. Inspire their imaginative ability. D. Expose them to various materials.
35. What does the text mainly talk about?
A. Advice on kids' colorful life. B. The importance of arts to kids.
C. Ways to develop interest in arts. D. The effect of arts on kids' study.

河北省唐山市2021-2022学年高三下学期开学摸底考试英语试题
The idea of biting into a hamburger made from insets may take a little getting used to. But even if the thought of eating insects turns your stomach now, they could and should form an important part of our diet.
“Insects are a rally important missing piece of the food system,” says Peter Alexander, a senior researcher in food security at the University of Edinburgh. “They are undoubtedly a superfood - a whole lot of nutrition in a really small package.” Because of this, farmed insects could help deal with two of the world's biggest problems at once: food insecurity and the climate change.
Agriculture is the biggest driver of global biodiversity loss and a major contributor to greenhouse gas emissions （排放）. Raising animals accounts for 14.5% of global greenhouse gas emissions. Insect farming uses a small part of the land, energy and water required for traditional farming, and has a significantly lower carbon footprint.
Then there's the fact that insects are 12 to 25 times more productive at changing their food into protein （蛋白质） than animals. They need six times less feed than cattle, four times less than sheep and two times less than pigs. One of the main reasons is that insects are cold-blooded and therefore waste less energy keeping their body heat.
As well as saving energy, insects can live off food that would otherwise be thrown away, contributing to the recycling industry. Insects can be fed agricultural waste. To complete the recycling chain, their excrement can be used to make crops grow fast and large and improve soil.
“At the end of the day, you might have the healthiest, most nutritional, and most sustainable（可持续的） product, but unless it tastes nice so that people are willing to accept it, it may be a lot more difficult to get that across,” says Peter.
28. What could be an immediate benefit of farmed insects?
A. Reducing traditional farming. B. Helping fight climate change.
C. Getting rid of food insecurity. D. Improving global biodiversity.
29. Why can insects produce more protein?
A. They eat food with high protein. B. They have a special type of blood.
C. They digest food better than animals. D. They require less energy to stay warm.
30. What does the underlined word “excrement” mean in paragraph 5?
A. Waste. B. Food.
C. Meat. D. Nutrition.
31. Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?
A. A Solution to World Food Insecurity
B. What to Do to Solve Climate Change
C. Why We Should Quit Animal Raising
D. An Overlooked Protein-Rich Superfood

河北省唐山市2021-2022学年高三下学期开学摸底考试英语试题
Two weeks ago, an article caught my attention. It was about a piece of digital art which had sold for $69 million. Beeple, the artist, made a collage (拼接画) of 5,00 digital artworks. He's been posting his works to the internet daily since 2007. The most unusual thing about the piece, called “Everydays: The First 5000 Days,” was that Beeple made it only on a computer, and it will only ever be available digitally. “Everydays” broke the record for the highest price for a digital piece, restarting the popular debate: Is digital art even “real art”?
According to the Oxford Dictionary, art means anything that calls for creativity and a specific skill set. Both traditional art and digital art require specific skill sets. While traditional art demands a mastery of techniques like physical brush strokes (笔画) and color mixing, digital art needs expert knowledge about how to use various software tools to create different effects. Some argue that technological tools facilitate (促进) painting to a degree where it becomes cheating. But if I, a complete amateur, were to try to draw something digitally with all the tools available, I'd still fail badly. Traditional art and digital art just shouldn't be compared. They belong to different categories and require different technical masteries.
While digital art and traditional art are of two separate categories, there are many artists who prefer using a combination of the two. It is more often that artists learn traditional art, and then move on to apply what they learned within the digital world. They are able to move the skills they acquired from one medium onto the other!
As for its price, I think each artwork's value depends on personal tastes. While you might find one artwork to be a complete mess, others might find beauty in the chaos.
Hopefully the new wave of digital art likely to be inspired by Beeple's record-breaking sale will be greeted with a more reasonable response.
32. What can we know about the collage?
A. It is only accessible digitally. B. It was completed in 10 years.
C. It has caused the first debate on art. D. It is the most expensive in the art world.
33. Why do some people consider digital art cheating?
A. It is made with copy tools. B. It has little to do with creativity.
C. It requires little expert knowledge. D. It relies too much on technology.
34. What can be inferred from paragraph 3?
A. More artists prefer traditional art.
B. More skills are required for digital art.
C. Traditional art learning should come first.
D. Digital and traditional art are interchangeable.
35. What is the author's attitude towards digital art?
A. Negative. B. Positive.
C. Unclear. D. Doubtful.