专题04（阅读理解之议论文）第01期 2022届高三英语百所名校好题分类快递

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河北省衡水中学2022届高三上学期第二次调研考试英语试题
While many f us may have been away smewhere nice last summer, few wuld say that we’ve “summered.” “Summer” is clearly a nun, mre precisely, a verbed nun.
Way back in ur childhd, we all learned the difference between a nun and a verb. With such a tidy definitin, it was easy t spt the difference. Nt s in adulthd, where we are expected t “ft” bills, “chair” cmmittees, and “dialgue” with plitical ppnents. Chances are yu didn’t feel uncmfrtable abut the sight f thse verbed nuns.
“The verbing f nuns is as ld as the English language,” says Patricia O’Cnner, a frmer editr at The New Yrk Times Bk Review. Experts estimate that 20 percent f all English verbs were riginally nuns. And the phenmenn seems t be snwballing. Since 1900, abut 40 percent f all new verbs have cme frm nuns.
Even thugh cnversin (转化) is quite universal, plenty f grammarians bject t the practice. William Strunk Jr. and , in The Elements f Style — the Bible fr the use f American English — have this t say: “Many nuns lately have been pressed int service as verbs. Nt all are bad, but all are suspect.” The Chicag Manual f Style takes a similar standpint, advising writers t use verbs with great care.
“Smetimes peple bject t a new verb because they resist what is unfamiliar t them,” says O’Cnner. That’s why we’re cmfrtable “hsting” a party, but we might feel upset by the thught f “medaling” in sprts. S are there any rules fr verbing? Benjamin Dreyer, cpy chief at Randm Huse, desn’t ffer a rule, but suggests that peple think twice abut “verbifying” a nun if it’s easily replaceable by an already existing ppular verb. Make sure it’s descriptive but nt silly-sunding, he says.
In the end, hwever, style is subjective. Easy cnversin f nuns t verbs has been part f English grammar fr centuries; it is ne f the prcesses that make English “English.” Nt every cinage (新创的词语) passes int general use, but as fr trying t end verbing altgether, frget it.
8. What can we learn abut the verbing f nuns?
A. It hasn’t recently been ppsed by many grammarians.
B. It is mre cmmnly accepted by children than adults.
C. It hasn’t been a rare phenmenn in the past century.
D. It is easily replaced by existing verbs in practice
9. What is mst leading experts’ attitude twards the practice f the verbing f nuns?
A. Cautius.B. Satisfied.
C. Disappinted.D. Uncncerned.
10. What des the authr think f ending the verbing f nuns?
A. Predictable.B. Practicable.
C. Appraching.D. Impssible.
11. What is the best title fr the text?
A. Are 40 Percent f all new verbs frm nuns？
B. Are Summering and Medaling Annying?
C. Are Yu Cmfrtable abut a New Verb?
D. Are There Any Rules fr Verbing?
8. C 9. A 10. D 11. B
【分析】本文是一篇议论文。主要内容是英语语言中“名词动用”的语言现象，据专家估计20%的英语动词原本是名词，但大多数专家对“名词动用”这类名词的使用持有谨慎态度。也有人反对新动词，因为他们抗拒自己不熟悉的东西。文章就此展开了讨论。
【8题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段的Since 1900, abut 40 percent f all new verbs have cme frm nuns.（自1900年以来，大约40%的新动词来自名词）可知，我们知道在过去的一个世纪里，名词动用并不是罕见的现象。故选C。
【9题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段的Nt all are bad, but all are suspect.（不是所有的都是坏的，但所有的都是可疑的）和The Chicag Manual f Style takes a similar standpint, advising writers t use verbs with great care.（《芝加哥文体手册》也持类似观点，建议作者小心使用动词）可知，对于名词动用的用法，大多数的专家持谨慎的态度。故选A。
【10题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段的Nt every cinage (新创的词语) passes int general use, but as fr trying t end verbing altgether, frget it.（并不是所有的造词都被广泛使用，但是想要完全停止动词的使用，还是算了吧）可知，作者认为结束名词动用用法的使用是不可能的，故选D。
【11题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文以及文章的可知，英语语言中“名词动用”的语言现象，据专家估计20%的英语动词原本是名词，但大多数专家对“名词动用”这类名词的使用持有谨慎态度，但是完全杜绝这类词的使用又是不可能的。也有人反对新动词，因为他们抗拒自己不熟悉的东西，用正反两个观点来说明这类名词动用的语言现象是否受人欢迎，故引用文章中的名词动用的两个词Summering和Medaling来进行概括，故B选项（Summering和Medaling很讨厌吗？）可以作为本文标题，故选B。
湖南省三湘名校教育联盟2021-2022学年高三上学期第二次大联考英语试题
“It's pssible t jump t happy endings a little t quickly,” says Laura King, PhD, a psychlgy prfessr at the University f Missuri, Clumbia. In her research with peple wh have experienced majr life challenges, King has fund that peple whse stries glss ver（掩盖）cnflict tend t becme happier ver the curse f tw years.
“The ability t take sme time and experience grief（悲伤）r unhappiness imprves yur ability t appreciate the wrld in all its richness and cmplexity,” King says.
In ne study, King asked parents t tell the stry f discvering that their child had Dwn syndrme. Immediately after telling their stries and again tw years later, the parents cmpleted measures f subjective well-being. Researchers blind t the participants' test scres read their stries and recrded the presence f freshadwing（预示）and whether the stries had happy r sad beginnings and endings. The researchers als scred hw vividly the stries illustrated cnflict, struggle and explratin.
Tw years later, the parents wh had grwn happier were the nes wh had written stries with happy endings. “I knew everything wuld be all right,” ne wman wrte. Anther parent wrte, “I knw my daughter is quite special. She's the clsest I've cme t an angel n Earth.”
Hwever, nly the parents wh first vividly described their mixed feelings upn learning f their child's diagnsis grew happier. “I cried a lt,” wrte a parent. “The pain was s deep. I felt cheated. I culd hardly functin.” These were als the parents wh later seemed best able t fully appreciate their children's gifts and limitatins.
32. What did the study find?
A. Peple with sick child tend t be happier.
B. Peple usually jump t happy endings t quickly.
C. Peple wh g thrugh challenges may becme happier.
D. Peple need t suffer difficulty t be able t appreciate happiness.
33. What is paragraph 3 mainly abut?
A. Wh the research fcused n.
B. Why researchers did the study.
C. What benefit the finding will bring us.
D. Hw researchers carried ut the study.
34. What d parents have t d first t becme happier?
A. Preview what will happen t them.
B. Describe their mixed feelings clearly.
C. Write a stry with a happy beginning.
D. Take gd care f their sick children.
35. What is the text?
A. A news reprt.B. A diary.
C. A travel guide.D. A shrt stry.
32. C 33. D 34. B 35. A
【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道。研究发现，经历过苦难的人更容易变得快乐。
【32题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第一段关键句“In her research with peple wh have experienced majr life challenges, King has fund that peple whse stries glss ver cnflict tend t becme happier ver the curse f tw years.”（在她对经历过重大生活挑战的人的研究中，金发现，在两年的时间里，那些在故事中淡化冲突的人往往会变得更快乐。）可知，研究发现经历过苦难的人更容易变得快乐。故选C项。
【33题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章第三段关键句“In ne study, King asked parents t tell the stry f discvering that their child had Dwn syndrme. Immediately after telling their stries and again tw years later, the parents cmpleted measures f subjective well-being.”（在一项研究中，金要求父母讲述发现自己的孩子患有唐氏综合症的故事。在讲述完他们的故事后，父母们立即完成了主观幸福感的测量，两年后他们又完成了一次。）及“The researchers als scred hw vividly the stries illustrated cnflict, struggle and explratin.”（研究人员还对这些故事生动地描述了冲突、斗争和探索进行了打分。）可知，本段主要描述研究人员是如何开展此项研究的。故选D项。
【34题详解】细节理解题。由文章最后一段关键句“Hwever, nly the parents wh first vividly described their mixed feelings upn learning f their child's diagnsis grew happier.”（然而，只有那些第一次生动描述关于孩子诊断的复杂感受的父母，才变得更快乐。）可知，只有生动地描述内心感受的父母才能感到更快乐。故选B项。
【35题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第一段关键句“In her research with peple wh have experienced majr life challenges, King has fund that peple whse stries glss ver cnflict tend t becme happier ver the curse f tw years.”（在她对经历过重大生活挑战的人的研究中，金发现，在两年的时间里，那些在故事中淡化冲突的人往往会变得更快乐。）并结合下文引用说话者的观点及全文语言风格可知，本文为一篇新闻报道，说明了研究的一项发现：经历过苦难的人更容易变得快乐。 故选A项。
河北省衡水中学2021-2022学年高三年级上学期一调考试英语试题
Cnfused by fd nutritin labels? Yu’re nt alne. Nw, researchers have suggested an alternative: labelling the amunt and type f exercise needed t burn ff the calries.
Current fd and drink labels display nutritinal infrmatin such as the amunt f calries and fat. Hwever, researchers led by Prf. Amanda Daley at Lughbrugh University say that these labels are having a limited effect n changing buying habits. Instead, they prpse a labelling system called ‘physical activity calrie equivalent r expenditure’ (PACE) (体育活动热量当量), which shws hw many minutes r miles f physical activity are needed t burn ff the calries. Fr example, a small bar f milk chclate cntains 230 calries, which wuld take abut 42 minutes f walking, r 22 minutes f running, t burn ff.
They pled the data frm 14 previus studies which cmpared the impact f PACE labelling with that f ther types f fd labelling, r with n fd labelling at all. They calculated that PACE labelling culd cut a persn’s daily calrie intake by up t 200 calries. “Public health agencies may want t cnsider the pssibility f including plicies t prmte PACE fd labelling as a strategy that cntributes t the preventin and treatment f besity (肥胖) and related diseases,” said the researchers.
The UK’s Ryal Sciety fr Public Health has already called fr PACE labelling t replace the current system. Hwever, nt everyne is cnvinced. A spkespersn fr the eating disrder charity Beat said: “We believe that anti-besity campaigns that fcus n weight instead f health are ineffective and that recmmending mre exercise is an ineffective and ver-simplistic apprach t a cmplex prblem. Mst urgently, public health campaigns must cnsider peple’s mental as well as their physical health, mving frm besity-shaming t evidence-based campaigns that build cnfidence and supprt healthy eating.”
12. What additinal infrmatin can yu get frm PACE labels cmpared with the current nes?
A. Exercise adviceB. Fat cntent
C. Nutritin factsD. Calrie cntent
13. What des the underlined wrd “pl” in Paragraph 3 prbably mean?
A. cllectedB. distributedC. deletedD. prved
14. What can we knw frm Beat’s cmments?
A. Obesity is a physical prblem and can be slved by increasing exercise.
B. Obesity is related t eating habits and can be tackled by cutting calries.
C. Obesity is n simple prblem but can be settled by fcusing n weight.
D. Obesity is cmplicated and shuld be tackled physically and mentally.
15. What’s the best title fr the text?
A．PACE: A new labelling ptin
B. Nutritin: A basic step twards health
C. Labelling: A smart advisr fr shpping
D. Excise: An effective treatment fr besity
【答案】12. A 13. A 14. D 15. A
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。本文主要阐述了传统的食品营养标签对肥胖者的指导作用有限，研究人员提出了PACE（体育活动热量当量）标签系统，这种标签系统能显示燃烧卡路里需要多少分钟或几英里的体力活动。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“Instead, they prpse a labelling system called ‘physical activity calrie equivalent r expenditure’ (PACE) (体育活动热量当量), which shws hw many minutes r miles f physical activity are needed t burn ff the calries.(相反，他们提出了一个名为“体育活动热量当量”的标签系统，此标签系统能显示燃烧卡路里需要多少分钟或几英里的体力活动)”可知，PACE标签系统，能从体力活动锻炼角度对食品设定营养标签。因此，与当前的标签相比，可以从PACE标签中获得锻炼建议。故选A项。
【13题详解】
词义猜测题。根据第二段该句中从句部分“which cmpared the impact f PACE labelling with that f ther types f fd labelling, r with n fd labelling at all.(这些研究比较了PACE标签与其他类型食品标签的影响，或者根本没有食品标签的影响)”可推知，划线词所在句which前的句意为“他们收集了之前14项研究的数据”，即划线词“pled”意为“收集”。因此，第3段中带下划线的单词“pl”的意思可能是A项“cllected(收集)”符合题意。故选A项。
【14题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段“A spkespersn fr the eating disrder charity Beat said: “We believe that anti-besity campaigns that fcus n weight instead f health are ineffective and that recmmending mre exercise is an ineffective and ver-simplistic apprach t a cmplex prblem. Mst urgently, public health campaigns must cnsider peple’s mental as well as their physical health, mving frm besity-shaming t evidence-based campaigns that build cnfidence and supprt healthy eating.”(饮食失调慈善机构一位发言人Beat说：“我们认为，以体重而不是健康为重点的反肥胖运动是无效的，建议更多的锻炼是一种无效的、过于简单化的解决复杂问题的方法。最紧迫的是，公共卫生运动必须考虑人们的心理和身体健康，从肥胖羞辱转向建立信心和支持健康饮食的循证运动。”)”可知，饮食失调慈善机构一位发言人Beat认为，单纯做更多的锻炼来减肥是无效的，应该从心理和身体健康两个方面入手来解决。因此，从Beat的评论中我们能了解到D项“Obesity is cmplicated and shuld be tackled physically and mentally.(肥胖是复杂的，应该从身体和精神上加以解决) ”符合题意，故选D项。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“Cnfused by fd nutritin labels? Yu’re nt alne. Nw, researchers have suggested an alternative: labelling the amunt and type f exercise needed t burn ff the calries(被食品营养标签搞糊涂了？你不是一个人。现在，研究人员提出了另一种选择：标明燃烧卡路里所需的运动量和类型)”以及第二段“Instead, they prpse a labelling system called ‘physical activity calrie equivalent r expenditure’ (PACE) (体育活动热量当量), which shws hw many minutes r miles f physical activity are needed t burn ff the calries.(相反，他们提出了一个名为“体育活动热量当量” 的标签系统，显示燃烧卡路里需要多少分钟或几英里的体力活动。)”可知，本文主要阐述了传统的食品营养标签对肥胖者的指导作用有限，研究人员提出了名为“体育活动热量当量” 的标签系统，此标签系统能显示燃烧卡路里需要多少分钟或几英里的体力活动。因此，这篇文章最好的标题是A 项“PACE: A new labelling ptin(PACE:一种新的标签选择) ”符合题意。故选A项。
黑龙江省实验中学2021-2022学年高三上学期第六次月考英语试题
Just ask any new parent: Adding a baby t a husehld can als add stress t a career. Nw，a new study backs that up with sme astnishing numbers: After science，technlgy，engineering，and mathematics（STEM）prfessinals becme parents，43%f wmen and 23% f men switch fields，transitin（转变）t part-time wrk，r leave the wrkfrce entirely.
Many researchers and parents already knew that STEM can be unwelcming t parents，particularly mthers. But“the cnsiderable departure was astnishing，”says Erin Cech，an assistant prfessr f scilgy at the University f Michigan in Ann Arbr and lead authr f the study，published in the Prceedings f the Natinal Academy f Sciences. Fr bth genders，“the prprtins were higher than we expected. ”
The surprisingly high reductin rate fr men als highlights that“parenthd in STEM is nt just a mthers'issue；it's a wrker issue，”Cech says. She hpes that the findings“might mtivate changes，"such as mre paid parental leave frm bth gvernment and emplyers and plicies that better supprt flexible wrk time withut a tight rutine. “We are nt suggesting that peple wh want families shuld avid STEM；that's nt the slutin，”she emphasizes.
By 2018，78% f new fathers were still wrking in STEM，the vast majrity full time. Fr new mthers，68% were still in STEM，but nly 57% wrked full time. Fr prfessinals withut children，n the ther hand，84% f men and 76% f wmen were predicted t still be wrking in STEM full time in 2018. Fr the new parents acrss all fields，16% f wmen were wrking part-time and 15% had left the wrkfrce，as cmpared with just 2% and 3%，respectively，fr men. These sharp differences make clear that，even thugh the reductin rate fr fathers is higher than expected，mthers still face particular career challenges.
12. What makes many STEM emplyees change their jbs?
A. Wrrying abut their family.B. The attractin f part-time jbs.
C. Being tired f the frmer jbs.D. The heavy burden at hme and wrk.
13. Which statement may Erin Cech agree with?
A. Wrking at hme may be a ppular chice.
B. Increasing welfare may keep STEM parents.
C. Peple with families shuld leave STEM.
D. STEM prfessinals shuld bey the rules.
14. Hw many new mthers amng the labr frce wrked full time in 2018?
A. 69%.B. 76%
C. 57%.D. 31%.
15. What des the authr want t stress by listing the sharp differences?
A. T many fathers leave STEM.B. It's hard fr mthers t make a balance.
C. STEM jbs are n lnger ppular.D. It's impssible t have a successful career.
【答案】12. D 13. B 14. A 15. B
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇议论文。主要内容是以STEM为例，阐述了家庭和工作给女性们带来的巨大压力，女性（尤其是新妈妈）全职比例与男性相较较低。
【12题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段的Just ask any new parent: Adding a baby t a husehld can als add stress t a career. 给家里添个孩子也会给职业生涯增加压力。由此可推知，是家庭和工作的重担让STEM员工改变了他们的工作，故选D。
【13题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段的She hpes that the findings “might mtivate changes，"such as mre paid parental leave frm bth gvernment and emplyers and plicies that better supprt flexible wrk time withut a tight rutine.Cech希望这些发现“可能”会激励变化，比如来自于政府和雇主的更多带薪产假等政策、更好地支持没有严格常规要求的灵活的工作时间等政策。由此可以推知Erin Cech可能会同意“增加福利可以留住STEM”这个观点，故选B。
【14题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段的Fr the new parents acrss all fields，16% f wmen were wrking part-time and 15% had left the wrkfrce，as cmpared with just 2% and 3%，respectively，fr men.在所有领域的新父母们，16%的女性是兼职工作，15%的人离职，由此可以推算出，在2018年全职工作的新母亲所占比率为100%-（16%+15%）=69%，故选A。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段的These sharp differences make clear that，even thugh the reductin rate fr fathers is higher than expected，mthers still face particular career challenges. 这些明显的差异表明，即使父亲的复位率高于预期，母亲仍然面临特定职业的挑战。由此可知，作者想通过列举这些明显的差异来强调母亲们很难做到平衡，故选B。
湖南省衡阳市第八中学2022届高三上学期第五次月考英语试题
Britain’s meat industry n Friday warned that an upcming shrtage f carbn dixide (CO2) culd cause massive disruptin (中断) t fd supplies within tw weeks.
The gas is used t stun animals befre slaughter (屠宰), in the vacuum packing f fd prducts t extend their shelf life, and t put the fizz int beer, cider and sft drinks. It is als required fr sme medical prcedures and used in the nuclear and semi-cnductr industries.
Britain’s fd supply chain, already creaking frm a severe shrtage f heavy gds vehicles (HGV) drivers and the impact f Brexit (脱欧) and COVID-19, is heavily reliant n fertiliser prducers fr CO2 which is a by-prduct f their prductin prcess. Hwever, tw f the largest fertiliser prducers, Nrway’s Yara YAR.OL and rival CF Industries Hldings CF.N, have restrained prductin due t a sudden increase in natural gas prices, which has in turn started t dry up CO2 supplies.
Nick Allen, chief executive f the British Meat Prcessrs Assciatin (BMPA), said that nce current stcks f the gas run ut, sme meat cmpanies will have t stp taking animals and clse prductin lines, leading t a lgjam f animals back t the farms. “We already have this situatin in the pig industry which is nw facing the disruptin prspect f a humane killing n farms,” he said. The BMPA is persuading Business Minister Kwasi Kwarteng t help supprt UK CO2 prductin in the shrt-term.
“We are mnitring this situatin clsely and are in regular cntact with the fd and farming rganizatins and industry, t help them manage the current situatin,” said a UK gvernment spkespersn. “The UK benefits frm having access t highly diverse surces f gas supply t ensure husehlds, businesses and heavy industry get the energy they need at a fair price. Britain last suffered a majr CO2 shrtage in 2018, leading t sme drinks whlesalers t ratin (定量) sales.”
28. What’s the direct cause f the CO2 shrtage this year?
A. A gvernment plicy.B. Cst rise.
C. Transprtatin failure.D. An infectius disease.
29. What des the underlined wrd “lgjam” mean in paragraph 4?
A. Recvery.B. Prmise.
C. Death.D. Bttleneck.
30. What measure may the UK gvernment take?
A. T explre mre gas supplies.B. T stp marketing animals.
C. T limit the drinks whlesale.D. T clse prductin lines.
31. What may be the suitable title fr the passage?
A. Diverse Applicatins f CO2B. The Future f Britain’s Meat Industry
C. Effrts Taken t Prduce CO2D. CO2 Shrtage Hit Fd Supplies
【答案】28. B 29. D 30. A 31. D
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了二氧化碳短缺影响了食物供应。
【28题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“Hwever, tw f the largest fertiliser prducers, Nrway’s Yara YAR.OL and rival CF Industries Hldings CF.N, have restrained prductin due t a sudden increase in natural gas prices, which has in turn started t dry up CO2 supplies.(然而，两个最大的化肥生产商，Nrway’s Yara YAR.OL和它的对手CF Industries Hldings CF.N限制了生产，是由于天然气价格突然上涨，这也反过来导致二氧化碳供应开始枯竭)”可知，天然气价格上涨，导致二氧化碳供应紧缺，所以可以推断出，今年二氧化碳紧缺是由于成本上升，故选B。
【29题详解】
词句猜测题。根据上下文“sme meat cmpanies will have t stp taking animals and clse prductin lines, leading t a lgjam f animals back t the farms.(一些肉类公司将不得不停止饲养动物，并关闭生产线，导致动物回到农场陷入困境)”可知，一些肉类公司将不得不停止饲养动物，并关闭生产线，这导致动物回农场陷入困境，划线词lgjam此处表示“困境，僵局”，与选项D. Bttleneck(瓶颈)符合。故选D。
【30题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段“The UK benefits frm having access t highly diverse surces f gas supply t ensure husehlds, businesses and heavy industry get the energy they need at a fair price.(英国从获得高度多样化的天然气供应来源中受益匪浅，它确保家庭、企业和重工业以公平的价格获得天然气能源)”可知，英国政府可能采取的措施是探索更多的天然气供应来源，故选A。
【31题详解】
主旨大意题。文章第一段指出二氧化碳短缺造成食物供应中断；第二段介绍了二氧化碳的主要作用；第三段具体解释了二氧化碳造成食物供应紧缺的原因；第四段介绍了一些肉类公司面临困境；第五段主要介绍了英国政府的应对措施。所以，纵观全文可知，文章主要介绍了二氧化碳短缺影响了食物供应。所以适合文章的标题是B选项：CO2 Shrtage Hit Fd Supplies(二氧化碳短缺影响了食物供应)。故选D。
湖南省衡阳市第八中学2022届高三上学期第五次月考英语试题
Picture an iceberg(冰山).Yu'll prbably imagine smething white as snw rising up ut f a blue sea. But icebergs can be all srts f shades. They can be frm a frsty blue t an attractive green.
Researchers and sailrs have bserved emerald(翠绿色)icebergs fr years. A large piece f ice "mast-high" and "green as emerald" even appears in Samuel Taylr Cleridge's 1834 pem. But they haven't fund ut exactly why these icebergs lk the way they d.
A new paper led by Stephen Warren was published. It all has t d with what icebergs are made ut f. Icebergs break ff glaciers(冰川)r ice shelves, which happens mainly arund Antarctica and Greenland. They begin their lives as snwfall that accumulates ver time. S. icebergs cntain air pckets with the frm f bubbles that spread light. With sme exceptins and rare lines, glacier ice tends t lk bluish white.
At first，Warren guessed that the green was a prduct f melt carbn. And it came frm rtting plants r sea animals. But samples(样本)didn't prve it. Anther idea started t take shape after they had fund a high cncentratin f irn in a sample f sea ice frm the Amery Ice Shelf.
When glaciers rub acrss land they prduce what's knwn as glacier flur. It is a prduct f bedrck being grund clwn by the mving mass. As glaciers mve away, these remains are usually washed ut int water. in particles smetimes t small t be nticeable t yur eyes. But n land. sil and rcks cntain irn xides that ften have rsy clrs. like reds, yellws, and brwns-and since the sea ice cntained 500 times mre irn than the glacier ice, Warren wndered whether the remains were respnsible fr icebergs taking n a green appearance.
He desn't knw fr sure. He's hping t secure mney s that he can return t the area and study the icebergs themselves.
32. Why is Samuel Taylr Cleridge's pem mentined in the text?
A. It tells why icebergs lk the way they d.
B. It describes vividly what icebergs are like.
C. It says causes f the appearance f icebergs.
D. It prves the existence f clrful icebergs.
33. What can we knw abut Stephen Warren's paper?
A. It draws n researchers' and sailrs' views.
B. It is the recrd f the mvement f icebergs.
C. It talks abut hw icebergs cme int being.
D. It is a cllectin f varius scial phenmena.
34. What des the underlined wrd "it" in paragraph 4 refer t?
A. A sample f sea ice.B. Warren's first guess.
C. Warren's idea n irn.D. A prduct f melt carbn.
35. What is paragraph 5 mainly abut?
A. The pssible reasn why icebergs lk green.
B. Where mst f icebergs eventually disappear.
C. Hw icebergs take in the clrs frm glaciers.
D. The way in which icebergs breaks ff glaciers.
【答案】32. D 33. C 34. B 35. A
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文，主要解释为什么冰山会呈现彩色。
【32题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“Researchers and sailrs have bserved emerald(翠绿色)icebergs fr years.”可知，研究人员和船员观察翠绿色冰山多年，由此可知，作者提到塞尔·泰勒·柯尔律治的诗是因为他的诗可以证明彩色冰山的存在，故D项正确。
【33题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“A new paper led by Stephen Warren was published. It all has t d with what icebergs are made ut f”可知,斯蒂芬·沃伦的论文是关于冰山是如何形成的，故C项正确。
【34题详解】
词义猜测题。根据画线词前“At first, Warren guessed that the green was a prduct f melt carbn. And it came frm rtting plants r sea animal.”可知，最初，沃伦猜测绿色是碳熔化的产物，它来自腐烂的植物或海洋动物，但是样本并不能证明这一点，由此可知it指的是沃伦最初的猜测，故B项正确。
【35题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第五段的介绍,尤其是“Warren wndered whether the remains were respnsible fr icebergs taking n a green appearance.”可知，沃伦想知道这些残骸是否是冰山呈绿色的原因，由此可知，本段主要讲的是冰山呈现绿色的可能原因，故A项正确。
【点睛】代词指代形式的词义猜测题的解题关键在于对画线词前的内容的理解，例如本篇第3题，根据画线词前“At first, Warren guessed that the green was a prduct f melt carbn. And it came frm rtting plants r sea animal.”可知，最初，沃伦猜测绿色是碳熔化的产物，它来自腐烂的植物或海洋动物，但是样本并不能证明他的这个猜测，由此可知it指的是沃伦最初的猜测。
吉林省长春市十一高中2021-2022学年高三上学期第二学程考试英语试卷
In general, the riches f the natural wrld aren't spread evenly acrss the glbe. Places like the trpical Andes in Suth America are simply packed with unique species, many f which can't be fund in any ther places. Until recently, the main explanatin fr the bilgical riches cncentrated in places like the Amazn Basin was that such places must be engines f bidiversity, with new species evlving at a faster rate than ther parts f the wrld. But nw, new research n bird evlutin may turn that assumptin n its head, instead supprting the idea that areas with fewer species actually tend t prduce new species faster.
The researchers say these bidiversity "cldspts" are generally fund in envirnments featuring freezing, dry and unstable cnditins. Thugh the researchers fund these lcatins with few bird species tend t prduce new nes at high rates, they fail t accumulate many species because the unstable cnditins frequently make the new life frms die ut.
The mre well-knwn "htspts", by cntrast, have accumulated their large numbers f species by being warm, hspitable and relatively stable. Indeed, the researchers fund that the cuntless bird species that call the Amazn hme tend t be lder in evlutinary terms. "New species d frm in places like the Amazn, just nt as frequently as in the dry grasslands in the Andes," says Elizabeth, an evlutinary bilgist at the University f Tennessee.
The researchers managed t cllect 1,940 samples representing 1,287 f the 1,306 bird species frm Suth America. Their analysis shwed that the best predictr f whether an area wuld prduce new species at a high rate was hw many species lived there, rather than climate r gegraphic features like muntains. Species-rich areas tended t prduce new species mre slwly.
“Maybe bad envirnments generate new species mre frequently because there's less cmpetitin and mre available pprtunities fr new species,” says Gustav Brav, a lead researcher.
The study's findings add new urgency t prtect ecsystems that may lk barren, but may actually be nature's hthuses fr the evlutin f new species.
32. Why is Suth America mentined in the first paragraph?
A. T make cmparisn.B. T intrduce the tpic.
C. T explain a fact.D. T draw a cnclusin.
33. What determines the rising rate f new species in a place?
A. The number f its then species.B. The envirnment they lived in.
C. The survival skills f species.D. The different bilgical factrs.
34. Which f the fllwing can best explain the underlined wrd “barren” in the last paragraph?
A. Dry and bare.B. Lively and active.
C. Nice and green.D. Cmplex and unpredictable.
35. What might be the best title fr the text?
A. Trpical areas are hme t large numbers f species.
B. New species prefer t live in the extreme climate.
C. Harsh envirnments pse a greater threat t species.
D. The wrst ecsystem may give birth t new species fastest.
【答案】32. B 33. A 34. A 35. D
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了研究发现恶劣的环境可以更频繁地产生新物种，因为竞争更少，而新物种的机会更多。介绍了这一研究开展的过程以及研究的重要意义。
【32题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段中“Places like the trpical Andes in Suth America are simply packed with unique species, many f which can't be fund in any ther places. Until recently, the main explanatin fr the bilgical riches cncentrated in places like the Amazn Basin was that such places must be engines f bidiversity, with new species evlving at a faster rate than ther parts f the wrld. But nw, new research n bird evlutin may turn that assumptin n its head, instead supprting the idea that areas with fewer species actually tend t prduce new species faster.(像南美洲的热带安第斯山脉这样的地方充满了独特的物种，其中许多是在其他地方找不到的。直到最近，对于像亚马逊盆地这样生物丰富的地方集中的主要解释是，这些地方一定是生物多样性的引擎，新物种的进化速度比世界上其他地方更快。但现在，关于鸟类进化的新研究可能会颠覆这一假设，转而支持物种较少的地区实际上会更快地产生新物种的观点)”结合下文提到恶劣环境可以更频繁地产生新物种可推知，第一段提到南美洲是为了引入文章关于生物多样性主题。故选B。
【33题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中“Their analysis shwed that the best predictr f whether an area wuld prduce new species at a high rate was hw many species lived there, rather than climate r gegraphic features like muntains. Species-rich areas tended t prduce new species mre slwly.(他们的分析表明，预测一个地区是否会快速产生新物种的最佳指标是有多少物种在那里生活过，而不是气候或像山脉这样的地理特征。物种丰富的地区产生新物种的速度较慢)”可知，一个地方当时的物种数量决定了它新物种的增长速度。故选A。
【34题详解】
词句猜测题。根据倒数第二段“Maybe bad envirnments generate new species mre frequently because there's less cmpetitin and mre available pprtunities fr new species（也许恶劣的环境更频繁地产生新物种，因为竞争更少，新物种的机会更多）”以及画线词上文“The study's findings add new urgency t prtect ecsystems that may lk barren（这项研究的发现增加了保护看起来barren的生态系统的紧迫性）”和后文“but may actually be nature's hthuses fr the evlutin f new species（但实际上可能是新物种进化的温室）”可知，也许恶劣的环境更频繁地产生新物种，所以这些可能看起来干旱贫瘠的生态系统，实际上可能是自然中新物种进化的温室。故画线词意思是“干旱贫瘠”。故选A。
【35题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段中“But nw, new research n bird evlutin may turn that assumptin n its head, instead supprting the idea that areas with fewer species actually tend t prduce new species faster. (但现在，关于鸟类进化的新研究可能会颠覆这一假设，转而支持物种较少的地区实际上会更快地产生新物种的观点)”结合文章主要说明了研究发现恶劣的环境可以更频繁地产生新物种，因为竞争更少，而新物种的机会更多。介绍了这一研究开展的过程以及研究的重要意义。可知，D选项“最坏的生态系统可能会最快地产生新物种”最符合文章标题。故选D。