专题01 阅读理解（第02期）-2022届新高考名校英语好题速递分项汇编

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专题01 阅读理解（第02期）-2022届新高考名校英语好题速递分项汇编
阅读【2022届广东金太阳大联考开学考试】
This online course is designed to provide you with work-ready skills including responding to job advertisements，writing application letters and resumes（简历）and developing inter-view skills．
What topics will it cover?
● The recruitment（招聘） and selection process
● The job application
● Planning for the interview
● Developing interview skills
What will you achieve?
By the end of the course，you'll be able to...
● Assess the recruitment and selection process from an employer's point of view
● Interpret an advertisement，job description and selection criteria correctly
● Model a well-written job application
● Plan for a job interview
Who is the course for?
While this course appeals to trainees and graduates，it also applies to job seekers in the broader community looking to increasing their confidence and success rate when applying for work．
Who develops the course?
Central Queensland University． It is Australia's leading regional university．Our courses are designed alongside industry and many include hands-on learning experiences and project-based learning．Our commitment to making real-world knowledge and skills accessible to all has seen us being awarded global recognition．
1．What will students learn if they take the online course?
A．The way to write a resume．
B．The way to put an advertisement．
C．The skills of talking with others．
D．The skills of improving reading．
2．Who is the online course intended for?
A．Trainers． B．Interviewers． C．Job seekers． D．College students．
3．Which of the following best describes the online course?
A．Cheap． B．Practical． C．Long-standing． D．World-class．
【答案】1．A2．C3．B
【解析】本文是一篇广告，主要介绍的是一门针对求职者的网上课程。
1．细节理解题。根据What will you achieve? 部分的By the end of the course，you'll be able to...Model a well-written job application（在课程结束时，你将能够模拟一份写得很好的工作申请）可知，参加网络课程的学生将学会如何写简历，故选A。
2．细节理解题。根据Who is the course for 部分的While this course appeals to trainees and graduates，it also applies to job seekers in the broader community looking to increasing their confidence and success rate when applying for work（虽然本课程对实习生和毕业生很有吸引力，但它也适用于希望提高求职信心和成功率的更广泛群体的求职者）可知，这是一门面向求职者的在线课程，故选C。
3．推理判断题。根据最后一段的Our courses are designed alongside industry and many include hands-on learning experiences and project-based learning（我们的课程与行业一起设计，许多课程包括实践学习经验和基于项目的学习）可推知，描述在线课程最佳的词是“实用的”，故选B。
The British poet Matthew Byrne moved to Beijing in 2013 and felt that the capital city's poetry scene was lacking．His obsession（痴迷）for starting poetry events led to the foundation of the Spittoon Collective in May 2015．“At that time，the literary activity in Beijing was The Bookworm based in Sanlitun，”Byrne says．
While some of Beijing's literary institutions would go on to close in the fall of 2019，Spittoon would continue to grow as a community for poets and writers，as well as musicians and others in the creative scene．
Byrne describes the Spittoon Collective as a platform for people to share ideas，from literary works to different forms of art，with projects developing from the creative energy within the community．
Spittoon originally started as a poetry night at the Mado Bar in Dongcheng District 's Baochao Hutong． Byrne says，“In Beijing，you have these wonderful hutongs，ancient structures where you can walk down and visit cool bars，so I thought it would be good to have a poetry event as it seemed like poetry belonged naturally to this area．”
He adds，“The objective now is to discover Chinese voices and broadcast them to the rest of the world．We create a kind of theme park-like atmosphere where every Thursday is occupied by a different literary style or art form．”
The readings would mainly be in English，but with an international community，a new section called“Poetry-in-Translation”was started，which featured works in Chinese，French，Arabic，Russian，Spanish and other languages．
Joining organized activities like Spittoon can be a major help for those caught up in a boring life．And it's especially important for the people who have moved to China as they need to build new relationships while living in a different country．
4．What can we know about the Spittoon Collective?
A．It was closed in 2019．
B．It was set up in 2013 in Beijing．
C．It's popular with literature lovers．
D．It's a community just for foreigners．
5．Why did Byrne start the Spittoon Collective in Baochao Hutong?
A．To attract students' love of poetry．
B．To expand China's literature globally．
C．To make Beijing's hutongs famous．
D．To combine poetry with the hutong．
6．What effect would the Spittoon Collective have on Chinese culture?
A．Beneficial． B．Negative． C．Challenging． D．Controversial．
7．What is the author's attitude to the Spittoon Collective?
A．Unclear． B．Intolerant． C．Doubtful． D．Favorable．
【答案】4．C5．D6．A7．D
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍的是英国诗人马修·伯恩在北京成立的名为Spittoon Collective的读书组织。
4．细节理解题。根据第二段的“While some of Beijing's literary institutions would go on to close in the fall of 2019，Spittoon would continue to grow as a community for poets and writers，as well as musicians and others in the creative scene”（尽管北京的一些文学机构将在2019年秋季关闭，但Spit-toon将继续发展，成为一个诗人、作家、音乐家和其他创作领域的社区）可知，Spittoon Collective很受文学爱好者的欢迎，故选C。
5．细节理解题。根据第四段的“In Beijing，you have these wonderful hutongs，ancient structures where you can walk down and visit cool bars，so I thought it would be good to have a poetry event as it seemed like poetry belonged naturally to this area”（在北京，你可以在这些美妙的胡同和古老的建筑中漫步，参观很酷的酒吧，所以我认为举办一个诗歌活动会很好，因为诗歌似乎是这个地区的自然之物）可知，拜恩在宝潮胡同创办了Spittoon Collective是为了将诗歌与胡同结合起来，故选D。
6．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的“The readings would mainly be in English，but with an international community，a new section called“Poetry-in-Translation”was started，which featured works in Chinese，French，Arabic，Russian，Spanish and other languages”（读书会主要用英语进行，但在国际社会的帮助下，一个名为“翻译中的诗歌”的新栏目开始了，其中有中文、法文、阿拉伯语、俄语、西班牙语和其他语言的作品）可知，Spittoon Collective对中国文化是有好处的，故选A。
7．推理判断题。根据最后一段的“Joining organized activities like Spittoon can be a major help for those caught up in a boring life．And it's especially important for the people who have moved to China as they need to build new relationships while living in a different country”（参加像Spittoon这样有组织的活动对那些陷入无聊生活的人来说是一个很大的帮助。对于移居中国的人来说，这尤其重要，因为他们需要在不同的国家建立新的关系）可知，作者对于Spittoon Collective的态度是赞许的，即Favorable，故选D。
I’ve long believed that positive living isn’t about being optimistic every minute of every day. That kind of permanently happy state can’t be the goal, because it’s impossible to achieve.
It turns out that psychological research finds true happiness comes from authentic positivity, and authentic positivity comes from emotional flexibility.
Being flexible emotionally means being open to the full range of emotional experiences, including the challenging ones like anger, disappointment and sadness. Emotional flexibility means being able to shift behaviors and mindsets to meet different situational needs, and adapting when circumstances change.
However, emotionally flexible people are not chameleons (变色龙) whose outlook changes based on which way the wind is blowing. Instead, emotional flexibility is a skill that helps people judge the complexities of daily life, and stick to their deeply held values.
I’ve learned a new word that I’d like to share with you: Eudaimonia (幸福感). Eudaimonia is the opposite of hedonism (享乐主义), the idea that happiness comes from the constant pursuit of pleasure and avoidance of pain. Eudaimonia, by contrast, encourages us to pursue meaning and authenticity, growth and honest joy. Both are philosophical approaches to happiness, and recent psychological thought is leaning toward eudaimonia as a more sustainable, satisfying model.
Eudaimonia was first mentioned by Aristotle, who got the term from the Greek word “daimon,” which means “true nature.” Tome, walking a positive path means accepting that we each have positive true nature and permanent goodness. What we learn from the concept of eudaimonia is that we are best equipped to realize this nature when we are emotionally honest and flexible.
8．What is the author’s belief?
A．People should live alone.
B．People can’t always be happy.
C．People can’t always achieve their goals.
D．People should pursue true achievements.
9．What do enmotionally flexible people commit themselves to?
A．Their strongly believed values. B．Their different needs.
C．Permanent happiness. D．The pursuit of hedonism.
10．How can people gain eudaimonia according to the author?
A．By being honest to others. B．By changing true nature.
C．By keeping realstically optimistic. D．By pursuing pleasure constantly.
11．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?
A．What is the meaning of eudaimonia?
B．What should we do to keep positive?
C．How can we keep happy forever?
D．Why can’t people be happy all the time?
【答案】8．B9．A10．C11．A
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了真正的幸福快乐是什么，以及在情感上诚实和灵活有助于提升幸福感。
8．细节理解题。通过文章第一段“I’ve long believed that positive living isn’t about being optimistic every minute of every day. That kind of permanently happy state can’t be the goal, because it’s impossible to achieve. (我一直相信积极的生活并不是每天每一分钟都保持乐观。那种永久的快乐状态不是我们的目标，因为它不可能实现)”可知，作者认为人们不可能总是快乐的。故选B项。
9．细节理解题。通过文章第四段“Instead, emotional flexibility is a skill that helps people judge the complexities of daily life, and stick to their deeply held values. (相反，情感的灵活性是一种技能，帮助人们判断日常生活的复杂性，并坚持他们根深蒂固的价值观)”可知，感情上灵活的人遵从自己坚信的价值观。故选A项。
10．推理判断题。通过文章第二段“true happiness comes from authentic positivity (真正的幸福来自真实的积极性)”以及文章倒数第二段“Eudaimonia, by contrast, encourages us to pursue meaning and authenticity, growth and honest joy. (相反，幸福感鼓励我们追求意义和真实、成长和诚实的快乐)”可推知，作者认为，保持真实乐观可以获得幸福感。故选C项。
11．主旨大意题。通读全文，再结合文章倒数第二段“recent psychological thought is leaning toward eudaimonia as a more sustainable, satisfying model. (最近的心理学思想倾向于将幸福感作为一种更可持续、更令人满意的模式)”可推知，本文主要介绍了什么是幸福感，真正的幸福快乐是什么。A项“幸福感的含义是什么？”符合文意，最适合作为文章标题。故选A项。
Every racehorse has different abilities．Like humans，some are short- distance runners，while others are marathoners． Figuring out which is which and how to pace them can be the difference between failure in the finish and taking the award home．Jockeys （赛马骑师） and trainers have traditionally relied on centuries of experience and data from previous races to plan their races．
Amandine Aftalion，a mathematician in Paris，thought she could add to that．Since 2013，she has been analyzing the performances of world champion runners like Usain Bolt．She has found that short-distance runners tend to win when they start strong and gradually slow down toward the finish line．But in medium-distance races，runners perform better when they start strong，settle down，and finish with a burst of speed．
Her model shows how those winning strategies maximize the energy output of muscles reliant on two different pathways：powerful aerobic（有氧的）ones that require oxygen，which can be in limited supply during a race，and anaerobic ones，which don't need oxygen but build up waste products that lead to tiredness．
Aftalion wondered which strategy would be best for horses．So she and Quentin Mercier，another mathematician， took advantage of a new GPS tracking tool inserted in French racing saddles（马鞍）．
The two studied patterns in many races at the Chantilly racetracks north of Paris and developed a model that accounted for winning strategies for three different races：a short one(1，300 meters)， a medium one (1,900 meters)， and a slightly longer one (2,100 meters)，all with different starting points on the same track．The model takes into account not just different race distances，but also the size or friction from the track surface．
The results might surprise jockeys who hold horses back early for bursts of energy in the last finish．Instead，a strong start leads to a better finish，the team found．“That doesn't mean those jockeys are wrong，though．If the start is too strong，it can be devastating as well，leaving the horse tired by the end，” Aftalion says．
12．What should a runner do to get an award according to the text?
A．Make a good start． B．Plan for the race early．
C．Run slowly on the starting line． D．Try running quickly all the time．
13．What formed the basis for Aftalion's studying horse race?
A．The experience and data from previous horse races．
B．The benefit of knowing horses' different abilities．
C．The success in studying runners' winning strategies．
D．The performance of horses on different race distances．
14．What does the underlined word“devastating”in the last paragraph mean?
A．Boring． B．Damaging． C．Astonishing． D．Puzling．
15．What can we infer from the text?
A．Runners have the same energy output of muscles．
B．Aftalion's findings may help horses to win the race．
C．What Jockeys and trainers do makes no sense to horses．
D．World champion runners made a contribution to the study．
【答案】12．A13．C14．B15．B
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。阿夫达里昂通过分析跑步运动员在比赛中的表现，发现了一些赢得比赛的策略。通过进一步的研究，她发现这些策略还适用于比赛中的马。
12．推理判断题。根据第二段中“She has found that short-distance runners tend to win when they start strong and gradually slow down toward the finish line．But in medium-distance races，runners perform better when they start strong，settle down，and finish with a burst of speed．（她发现短跑运动员在起跑猛，并逐渐放慢至终点线时，他们往往会获胜。而在中距离赛跑中，运动员起跑猛，逐渐减弱，然后以冲刺结束，往往表现更好）”可知，跑步运动员要争取好的开始，这样有助于他们赢得比赛。故选择A项。
13．推理判断题。根据第四段第一句“Aftalion wondered which strategy would be best for horses．（阿夫达里昂想知道哪个策略更适合赛马）”结合第二段和第三段中介绍的阿夫达里昂关于跑步运动员的比赛策略，可知，运动员的比赛获胜策略的研究成果，是阿夫达里昂对赛马研究的基础。故选择C项。
14．词句猜测题。根据上文“If the start is too strong（如果开始太过于强烈）”以及下文“leaving the horse tired by the end（使得马在最后阶段感到疲惫）”可知，太过猛烈的开始，对参赛马匹也是有危害的，故选择B项。
15．推理判断题。根据最后一段“The results might surprise jockeys who hold horses back early for bursts of energy in the last finish.（这个结果可能会让那些在最后一圈阻止马爆发能量的骑师感到吃惊）”可知，阿夫达里昂对于赛马展开的研究可以为骑师提供一些比赛策略，这可以帮助参赛马匹赢得比赛。故选择B项。
阅读【浙江省2022届高三上学期百校秋季开学联考】
When icy temperatures froze Kodak, Tennessee, shutting power down and freezing pipes. Sean Patel. owner of the local Quality Inn, wanted to do something to help his neighbors: open his hotel to all comers, and provide them food and warmth until the power came back on.
His friends asked him to dial it back a bit because he was spending so much of his own money and energy to help others but Patel wouldn't listen, " Business is down. but I still have clothes on my back, the kids are safe. we have a shower and food. says Patel. "We all have to look out for each other.” The immigrant from India saw goodness in the people around him when he settled in Tennessee, and wanted to be a part of it. "I saw how much people helped each other in the South and it got to me, " explains Patel. " It's not always about money. I always wanted to be that kind of person.
Between Christmas and New Years of 2021, all 60 rooms in the hotel were completely occupied, with some rooms housing as many as eight or nine adults. Some guests even stayed in the lobby or meeting rooms just to have a warm place to be. A couple rooms under maintenance were used so guests in the lobby could take a shower, which Patel’s team sanitized thoroughly after each user. People came together in ways that Patel has never seen before. The hotel staff turned on their breakfast station so people wouldn’t have to worry.
With over 200 people at the hotel. there wasn’t any fuss. No one argued. Everyone made sure the others were comfortable. warm, and fed as they took turns cooking for each other. “It wasn’t about who was Black, White, Democrat, Republican, COVID, or no COVID, everyone was a family, " says hotel manager Shelly Shirley. All the guests who were at the hotel during the freeze have even kept in touch via a Facebook group! They check in on each other and keep up with news from each others lives.
1．What inspired Patel to do the good deed?
A．His neighboring people's good behavior.
B．The bad business situation at the moment.
C．His friends' not understanding of his behavior.
D．The icy whether they suffered in the cold winter.
2．What is the third paragraph mainly about?
A．The importance of Patel's charity work.
B．The peoples appreciation to Patel’s effort.
C．What the hotel did to help the people in need.
D．The comfortable conditions the hotel provided to the people.
3．What can we infer from the last paragraph?
A．There were too many people staying in the hotel
B．The program had a deep and lasting effect on people.
C．Patel’s hotel provided people with comfortable conditions.
D．People were grateful to Pate for his kindness during the hard time.
【答案】1．A2．C3．B
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了在严寒期间一家酒店的老板Sean Patel为需要的人们提供食宿帮助的善行义举。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段倒第四句“The immigrant from India saw goodness in the people around him when he settled in Tennessee, and wanted to be a part of it.”(这位来自印度的移民在田纳西定居后，看到了周围人的善良，并想成为其中的一员。)，倒第二句 “I saw how much people helped each other in the South and it got to me(我看到南方的人们互相帮助，这让我深受感动)”和最后一句“I always wanted to be that kind of person(我一直想成为那样的人)”可知，Patel受到邻居的良好行为而决定做善事。故选A。
2．主旨大意题。根据第三段第一句“Between Christmas and New Years of 2021, all 60 rooms in the hotel were completely occupied, with some rooms housing as many as eight or nine adults.(在2021年的圣诞节和新年期间，该酒店的60个房间全部被占满，有些房间甚至可以容纳8、9名成年人。)”，第二句 “A couple rooms under maintenance were used so guests in the lobby could take a shower, which Patel’s team sanitized thoroughly after each user.(有几间正在维修的房间被使用，以便大厅里的客人可以淋浴，帕特尔的团队在每个用户使用后都彻底消毒。)”和最后一句 “The hotel staff turned on their breakfast station so people wouldn’t have to worry.(酒店的工作人员打开了早餐台，这样人们就不用担心了。)”可知，第三段主要是讲宾馆为需要的人们提供的住宿条件、卫生条件和饭食条件，即帕特尔的的宾馆为需要的人们所做的事情。故选C。
3．推理判断题。根据最后一段最后两句“All the guests who were at the hotel during the freeze have even kept in touch via a Facebook group! They check in on each other and keep up with news from each others lives.(所有在严寒期入住酒店的客人甚至还通过Facebook群保持联系!他们互相关注，了解彼此的生活。)”可知，这个项目对人们产生了深远的影响。故选B。
The New York Times states that cheerleading is the fastest growing girls sport, yet more than half of Americans do not believe it is a sport, In addition, they fail to distinguish between sideline cheerleaders and competitive ones. Sideline cheerleaders' main goal is to entertain the crowd and lead them with team cheers, which should not be considered a sport. While competitive cheerleading is rather a different one.
A sport, according to the Association of Cheerleading Coaches and Advisors, is a "physical competition against an opponent, governed by rules and conditions under which a winner is declared, and primary purpose of the competition is a comparison of the relative skills of the participants." It is obvious that cheerleading follows these guidelines.
Just as basketball and foot ball have guidelines for competitive play, so does competitive cheerleading. The whole routine has to be completed in less than 3 minutes and 15 seconds and the cheerleaders are required to stay within a certain area. Competitive cheerleaders goal is to be the best, Just like gymnasts, they are awarded points for difficulty, technique, creativity and sharpness. Cheerleading is a team sport so without cooperation and synchronization, first place is out of reach.
According to the National Center for Catastrophic Sport Injury Research, cheerleading is the number-one cause of serious sports injuries to women. Emergency room visits for cheerleading are five times the number for any other sport, partially because they do not wear protective gear. While many athletes are equipped with hip pads, knee pads, shin guards or helmets, smiling cheerleaders are tossed into the air and spiral down into the arms of trusted teammates, The fliers must remain tight at all times so that their bases can catch them safely.
Also because cheerleading is not yet recognized as a sport by many schools. neither proper matting nor high enough ceilings are provided to ensure safety, Instead. the girls use whatever space is available. More recognition of competitive cheerleading as a sport would decrease the number of injuries.
4．What problem is competitive cheerleading facing?
A．It is governed by strict rules.
B．People don ' t accept it as a sport
C．It is compared with professional gymnastics.
D．People don 't know its difference with sideline cheerleaders.
5．Why are basketball and football mentioned in the text?
A．To distinguish cheerleading with basket ball and football.
B．To show that cheerleading is as popular as basketball and foot ball.
C．To show cheerleading has the typical characters of common sports.
D．To state that cheerleading should follow the rules of traditional sports.
6．What does the author think of cheerleading?
A．More people should take part in it.
B．Competitive cheerleading is dangerous.
C．Cheerleading is the fastest growing girls sport.
D．More attention should be attached to competitive cheerleading.
【答案】4．B5．C6．D
【解析】这是一篇说明文。啦啦队是发展最快的女孩运动，但超过一半的美国人不相信它是一项运动，但是竞技拉拉队具有普通体育运动的典型特征。作者认为应该对竞技啦啦队给予更多的关注以减少受伤的数量。
4．细节理解题。根据第一段第一句“The New York Times states that cheerleading is the fastest growing girls sport, yet more than half of Americans do not believe it is a sport”(《纽约时报》称，啦啦队是发展最快的女孩运动，但超过一半的美国人不相信它是一项运动)可知，竞技啦啦队面临的问题是人们不接受它是一项运动。故选B。
5．推理判断题。根据第二段第一句“A sport, according to the Association of Cheerleading Coaches and Advisors, is a "physical competition against an opponent, governed by rules and conditions under which a winner is declared, and primary purpose of the competition is a comparison of the relative skills of the participants.”(根据拉拉队教练和顾问协会的说法，拉拉队是一种“与对手进行的身体比赛，受宣布获胜者的规则和条件的约束，比赛的主要目的是比较参与者的相对技能。”)和第三段第一句“Just as basketball and foot ball have guidelines for competitive play, so does competitive cheerleading”(就像篮球和足球有竞技比赛的指导方针一样，竞技啦啦队也有)可知，文章中提到篮球和足球是为了表明啦啦队运动具有普通体育运动的典型特征。故选C。
6．推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“More recognition of competitive cheerleading as a sport would decrease the number of injuries.”(更多的承认竞技啦啦队作为一项运动将减少受伤的数量。)可知，作者认为应该对竞技啦啦队给予更多的关注。故选D。
New findings clearly show the Anglo Saxons were a melting pot of people from both migrant and local cultural groups and not one group from Western Europe.
Prolessor Keith Dobney at the University of Sydney said the team 's results state that "the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms of early Medieval Britain were clearly similar to modern Britain—full of people of different ancestries sharing a common language and culture.”
Published in PLOS ONE, the cooperative study by Professor Dobney at University of Sydney and Dr Kimberly Plomp and Professor Mark Collard at Simon Fraser University in Vancouver. looked at the three-dimensional shape of the base of the skull (头盖骨).
“Previous studies have shown that the base of the human skull holds a shape signature that can be used to track relationships among human populations in a similar way to ancient DNA,” Dr Plomp said. "Based on this, we collected 3D data from suitably dated skeletal collections from Britain and Denmark, and then analysed the data to judge the ancestry of the Anglo-Saxon individuals in the sample.”
The researchers found that between two-thirds and three-quarters of early Anglo Saxon individuals were of continental European ancestry, while between a quarter and one-third were of local ancestry. When they looked at skeletons dated to the Middle Anglo- Saxon period (several hundred after the original migrants arrived), they found that 50 to 70 percent of the individuals were of local ancestry, while 30 to 50 percent were of continental European ancestry, which probably indicates a change in the rate of migration and local adoption of culture over time. "These findings tell us that being Anglo- Saxon was more likely a matter of language and culture, not genetics," Professor Collard said.
The ongoing and unresolved argument is whether a lot of European invaders largely replaced the existing Romano- British inhabitants, or did smaller numbers of migrants settle and interact with the locals, who then rapidly adopted the new language and culture of the anglo-Saxons?" Our new data suggests that early Anglo Saxon society was a mix of both newcomers and locals and, instead of whole population replacement, a process of acculturation resulted in Anglo- Saxon language and culture being adopted largely by the local population.
7．What can we infer from the study?
A．Many locals were killed by continental European migrates.
B．Anglo- Saxons created the most powerful language and culture.
C．The Anglo- Saxon individuals were actually from western European.
D．Anglo-Saxons were people of different ancestors with the same culture.
8．How did the researchers carry out their study?
A．By studying the local culture and language.
B．By comparing the change rates of different people.
C．By comparing the different cultures and languages.
D．By studying the shapes of the skull of the related people.
9．What does the underlined word acculturation mean in the last paragraph?
A．cultural adaptation. B．cultural development.
C．race fighting. D．culture invade.
10．What is the main idea of the text?
A．A research of the Anglo-Saxon culture.
B．A study of the origin of Anglo- Saxons.
C．A history story of Anglo-Saxon individuals.
D．A study of the power of language and culture.
【答案】7．D8．D9．A10．B
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了对盎格鲁—撒克逊人起源的研究。
7．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms of early Medieval Britain were clearly similar to modern Britain—full of people of different ancestries sharing a common language and culture”(中世纪早期英国的盎格鲁-撒克逊王国显然与现代英国相似——全是有着不同祖先的人，拥有共同的语言和文化)可知，盎格鲁—撒克逊人是有着相同文化的不同祖先的人。故选D。
8．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“looked at the three-dimensional shape of the base of the skull”(看了头骨底部的三维形状)和第四段最后一句“Based on this, we collected 3D data from suitably dated skeletal collections from Britain and Denmark, and then analysed the data to judge the ancestry of the Anglo-Saxon individuals in the sample”(在此基础上，我们从英国和丹麦的骨骼标本中收集了3D数据，然后分析数据来判断样本中盎格鲁-撒克逊人的祖先)可知，研究人员通过研究相关人的头骨形状来进行研究。故选D。
9．词句猜测题。根据最后一段最后一句中的“early Anglo Saxon society was a mix of both newcomers and locals and, instead of whole population replacement”(早期盎格鲁-撒克逊社会是新来者和当地人的混合体，而不是全部人口的更替)和“being adopted largely by the local population”(被当地居民广泛接受)可知，此处是指文化上的融合和适应，所以acculturation意为“文化适应”。故选A。
10．主旨大意题。根据第一段“New findings clearly show the Anglo Saxons were a melting pot of people from both migrant and local cultural groups and not one group from Western Europe.”(新的发现清楚地表明，盎格鲁-撒克逊人是移民和当地文化群体的人的大熔炉，而不是一个来自西欧的群体。)可知，文章主要介绍了对盎格鲁-撒克逊人起源的研究。故选B。
阅读【重庆南开中学2021-2022学年高三（高2022级）上学期7月考试】
Yellowstone National Park is the flagship of the National Park Service and a favorite to millions of visitors each year. The park is a major destination for all members of the family. The main attractions are all located on the grand loop road and here are some of the top reasons to visit the park. By driving the grand loop road, visitors can view the park from the comfort of their vehicle and also take a rest at one of the many roadside picnic areas. For the active visitor, the park has thousands of miles of trails from day hikes to backcountry explorations. This site has a lot of the information you need for your trip.
Yellowstone National Park 2021 Opening and Closing Dates
2021 Spring Opening Dates
Conditions permitting, roads will open to regular (public) vehicles at 8:00 am on the following dates.
●April 16 - West Entrance to Madison Junction, Mammoth Hot Springs to Old
Faithful, Norris to Canyon Village.
●May 7 - East Entrance to Lake Village, Canyon Village to Lake Village.
●May 14 - South Entrance to West Thumb, West Thumb to Old Faithful.
●May 28 - Northeast Entrance to Cooke City Beartooth Highway.
●Open Year Round - North Entrance to Gardiner / Mammoth.
2021 Fall Closing Dates
Roads will close to regular (public) vehicles at 8:00 am on the following dates.
●October 12 - Beartooth Highway (US 212 to Red Lodge, Montana).
●November 8 - All roads close at 8 am except the road between the North Entrance and the Northeast Entrance.
COVID-19 Response
Face masks are required on lands where physical distancing cannot be maintained and in all NPS (National Park Service) buildings and facilities. Park operations vary based on local public health conditions. Before visiting, please check the park website to determine its operating status.
How much is the entrance fee?
$35 - Public, noncommercial vehicle;
$30 - Motorcycle or snowmobile (winter);
$20 - Visitors 16 and older entering by foot, bike, ski, etc.
* This fee provides the visitor with a 7-day entrance permit for both Yellowstone and Grand Teton National Parks.
1．How many entrances to the Yellowstone National Park are mentioned?
A．3. B．4. C．5 . D．6.
2．How much will a twenty-year-old cyclist pay if he visits the Yellowstone National park?
A．$35. B．$30. C．$20. D．$60.
3．Where does the passage come from?
A．A geographic magazine. B．A travel website.
C．A commercial journal. D．A holiday brochure.
【答案】1．C2．C3．B
【解析】这是一篇应用文。本文主要介绍了2021年黄石国家公园旅行的一些信息。
1．细节理解题。根据“●April 16 - West Entrance…；●May 7 - East Entrance …●May 14 - South Entrance…；●May 28 - Northeast Entrance…和●Open Year Round - North Entrance…”可知，文章中共提到了黄石国家公园的五个入口，分别是西入口，东入口，南入口，东北入口和北入口。故选C。
2．细节理解题。根据倒数第二行“$20 - Visitors 16 and older entering by foot, bike, ski, etc.( 6岁及以上的游客可以步行、骑车、滑雪等进入，费用20美元。)”可知，一个20岁的骑自行车的人去黄石国家公园是要支付20美元。故选C。
3．推理判断题。阅读文章内容，并结合第一段最后一句“This site has a lot of the information you need for your trip.( 这个网站有很多你旅行所需的信息。)”和“Yellowstone National Park 2021 Opening and Closing Dates(黄石国家公园2021年开放和关闭日期)”可知，本文主要介绍了2021年黄石国家公园旅行的一些信息。由此可知，本文最有可能来自旅行网站。故选B。
How do countries determine whose portraits to feature on their currency, and what does it tell us about their pasts? Here’s a look at banknotes from around the world and the stories behind their creation.
United States
In 1866, controversy erupted when the U.S Treasury issued a five-cent note bearing the portrait of Spencer Clark, the first chief of what is now known as the Bureau of Engraving and Printing. Clark was not well liked by some members of Congress, who had accused him years earlier of fraud and “gross immortality.”
Following public outcry, Congress passed a law on April 7, 1866, which prohibited printing the “portrait or likeness of any living person” on the country’s currency. U.S. law still prohibits using the likeness of living people today, and even commemorative coins honoring a past president cannot be issued until two years after the president’s death.
In the modern era, the country celebrated past presidents and Founding Fathers on its currency－with portraits of George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, Abraham Lincoln, Alexander Hamilton, Ulysses S. Grant and Benjamin Franklin gracing its banknotes.
New Zealand
New Zealand’s banknote design has been an unintentional reflection of New Zealand’s evolving self-image ever since it began issuing currency in 1934, according to historian Matthew Wright. The British dominion’s first banknotes reflected a split identity, bearing both British and local designs. The earliest series bore a portrait of Maori King Tawhaio, whose image was replaced in 1940 with Captain James Cook, the British explorer who “discovered” New Zealand.
New Zealand became a self-governing nation in 1947－yet in 1976, more than 20 years later, it was still proud of its association with Britain. Queen Elizabeth II displaced Cook on all banknotes, alongside native plants and birds.
By the late 20th century, however, New Zealand had begun to think of itself as a diverse and independent nation. In 1991, five years after winning full legal independence from Britain, New Zealand removed the Queen from all but its $20 bill and replaced her with remarkable New Zealanders－including women’s voting rights leader Kate Shepperd, mountaineer Sir Edmund Hillary, Maori political and cultural leader Sir Apirana Ngata, and Nobel Prize-winning physicist Ernest Rutherford－who still grace the banknotes today.
4．Why did U.S. Congress ban the portrait of any living person on the currency?
A．To solve a crime. B．To issue a five-cent note.
C．To honor a past president. D．To stop public controversy.
5．What do the faces on the currency of America and that of New Zealand have in common?
A．They are determined by the public.
B．They include the portraits of outstanding figures.
C．They symbolize the independence of the countries.
D．They are closely associated with local environment.
6．What can we infer from the evolving of New Zealand’s currency?
A．Historians affected it greatly.
B．The process of it was complicated.
C．New Zealand used to be a diverse nation.
D．The banknote design experienced lots of tests.
7．Whose face is on the currency of New Zealand?
A．Ernest Rutherford. B．Maori King Tawhaio.
C．Queen Elizabeth II. D．Captain James Cook.
【答案】4．D5．B6．B7．A
【解析】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了美国和新西兰两国货币上肖像的演变过程。
4．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“In 1866, controversy erupted when the U.S Treasury issued a five-cent note bearing the portrait of Spencer Clark…and Benjamin Franklin gracing its banknotes（1866年，美国财政部发行了一张印有斯宾塞·克拉克和本杰明·富兰克林肖像的5美分纸币，引发了争议）”及第三段“Following public outcry, Congress passed a law on April 7, 1866…（在公众的强烈抗议下，国会于1866年4月7日通过了一项法律……）”可知，是由于公众的抗议才出台了这样的法律。故选D项。
5．细节理解题。根据第四段“In the modern era, the country celebrated past presidents and Founding Fathers on its currency－with portraits of George Washington…..（在现代，美国在其货币上印有乔治·华盛顿的肖像，以纪念历任总统和开国元勋）”和第七段“New Zealand removed the Queen from all but its $20 bill and replaced her with remarkable New Zealanders－including women’s voting rights leader Kate Shepperd…and Nobel Prize-winning physicist Ernest Rutherford（新西兰将女王头像从20美元纸币上全部移除，取而代之的是杰出的新西兰人，包括妇女投票权领袖凯特·谢泼德……和诺贝尔奖得主欧内斯特·卢瑟福）”可知，两国的货币都包含有杰出人物的肖像画。故选B项。
6．推理判断题。根据文章第五段“The earliest series bore a portrait of Maori King Tawhaio , whose image was replaced in 1940 with Captain James Cook, the British explorer who “discovered” New Zealand.（最早的系列是毛利国王塔瓦约的肖像，1940年，他的肖像被“发现”新西兰的英国探险家詹姆斯·库克船长(Captain James Cook)取代。）” 和文章第六段“Queen Elizabeth II displaced Cook on all banknotes, alongside native plants and birds.（伊丽莎白女王二世在所有纸币上取代了库克，还有当地的植物和鸟类。）”以及文章最后一段“New Zealand removed the Queen from all but its $20 bill and replaced her with remarkable New Zealanders－including women’s voting rights leader Kate Shepperd（新西兰将女王头像从20美元纸币上全部移除，取而代之的是杰出的新西兰人，包括妇女投票权领袖凯特·谢泼德）”可知，新西兰货币的演变过程是复杂的。故选B项。
7．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段的最后一句“Zealand removed the Queen from all but its $20 bill and replaced her with remarkable New Zealanders … and Nobel Prize-winning physicist Ernest Rutherford－who still grace the banknotes today（新西兰将女王头像从20美元纸币上全部移除，取而代之的是一些杰出的新西兰人，包括妇女投票权领袖凯特·谢珀德、登山家埃德蒙·希拉里爵士、毛利人政治文化领袖阿皮拉纳·恩塔爵士，以及诺贝尔奖得主欧内斯特·卢瑟福，这些人至今仍在钞票上显灵）”可知，诺贝尔奖获得者物理学家埃米斯特·卢瑟福仍然在今天的货币上。故选A项。
Some 117 years after the Wright brothers made the first powered flight on Earth,NASA has repeated the accomplishment on another planet.
Carried to Mars in the belly of the Perseverance rover, the Ingenuity helicopter lifted off last week from the surface of the Red Planet to an altitude of about 10 feet, hovered for some 30 seconds, turned 96 degrees, and then gently landed. Six days later, on May 3, the drone flew the length of a football field, hitting a top speed of 4.5 mph. That 1 minute 20 second flight was an incredible technical achievement, reports The New York Times.
The red planet has significant gravity, about one-third that of the Earth’s. The Martian atmosphere is less than 1 percent as dense as Earth’s, so there is virtually no air for a helicopter’s rotor blades to push against and generate lift. During Martian daytime, the planet’s surface receives only about half the amount of solar energy that reaches the Earth during its daytime, and nighttime temperatures can drop as low as minus 90 degrees Celsius, which can freeze and crack unprotected electrical components. To enable Ingenuity to fly, NASA made the $85 million craft exceptionally light－it weighs 4 pounds－and fitted its body of tissue-box size with two 4-foot-wide carbon-fiber rotor blades. They spin five times faster than those of a conventional helicopter. To survive the freezing Martian nights, it must have enough energy to power internal heaters.
Ingenuity will make two more test flights before scientists focus on Perseverance’s primary mission: searching for signs of past microbial life in ancient Martian lake beds. NASA hopes to send more-sophisticated drones to Mars that will be able to carry scientific instruments and reach and study areas inaccessible to wheeled rovers. “What the Ingenuity team has done is to give us the third dimension,” says Michael Watkins, director of NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory. “They freed us from the surface now and forever in planetary exploration.”
8．What can we learn about the Ingenuity helicopter from the passage?
A．It hovered for 30 seconds in May.
B．It lifted off from the surface of the Earth.
C．It has been damaged by the low temperature on Mars.
D．It hit a top speed of 4.5 mph during the second flight.
9．Why is the flight of the Ingenuity helicopter an incredible technical achievement?
A．Because flying on Mars is far more difficult than that on Earth.
B．Because it helped NASA send another 2 drones to explore Mars.
C．Because it is the first time that a drone has landed on Mars.
D．Because the drone will make two more test flights.
10．What does the underlined word “They” in Paragraph 3 refer to?
A．Helicopters. B．Temperatures. C．Blades. D．Heaters.
11．What is the main purpose of the passage?
A．To promote a new leading-edge technology.
B．To inform us of a recent progress in technology.
C．To evaluate the performance of the drone on Mars.
D．To analyze the data collected during the exploration.
【答案】8．D9．A10．C11．B
【解析】这是一篇新闻报道。短文介绍了美国宇航局发射的“智慧”号直升机在火星上取得令人难以置信的技术成就。
8．细节理解题。根据第二段“Six days later, on May 3, the drone flew the length of a football field, hitting a top speed of 4.5 mph.”（六天后，也就是5月3日，这架无人机飞越了一个足球场，最高时速达到了4.5英里。）可知，“智慧”号直升机在第二次飞行中它的最高时速达到了4.5英里每小时。故选D项。
9．细节理解题。根据第三段“The red planet has significant gravity, about one-third that of the Earth’s. The Martian atmosphere is less than 1 percent as dense as Earth’s, so there is virtually no air for a helicopter’s rotor blades to push against and generate lift. During Martian daytime, the planet’s surface receives only about half the amount of solar energy that reaches the Earth during its daytime, and nighttime temperatures can drop as low as minus 90 degrees Celsius, which can freeze and crack unprotected electrical components.”（这颗红色行星的引力很大，约为地球引力的三分之一。火星大气的密度不到地球的1%，因此几乎没有空气可供直升机的旋翼桨叶推动并产生升力。在火星的白天，地球表面接收到的太阳能只有白天到达地球的一半左右，夜间温度可以降到零下90摄氏度，这可能会冻结和损坏未受保护的电气部件。）可知，“智慧”号直升机的飞行之所以是一项令人难以置信的技术成就是因为在火星上飞行比在地球上要困难得多。故选A项。
10．词句猜测题。根据第三段“To enable Ingenuity to fly, NASA made the $85 million craft exceptionally light－it weighs 4 pounds－and fitted its body of tissue-box size with two 4-foot-wide carbon-fiber rotor blades.”（为了让“智慧”号飞行，美国宇航局制造了价值8500万美元、重量4磅的超轻飞行器，并在纸巾盒大小的机身上安装了两个4英尺宽的碳纤维旋翼叶片）可知，叶片的旋转速度是常规直升机的五倍。故划线词的意思是“叶片”，故选C项。
11．推理判断题。根据第一段“Some 117 years after the Wright brothers made the first powered flight on Earth,NASA has repeated the accomplishment on another planet.” （莱特兄弟在地球上进行第一次动力飞行大约117年后，美国宇航局在另一颗行星上重复了这一成就。）；再根据第二段“That 1 minute 20 second flight was an incredible technical achievement, reports The New York Times.” 据《纽约时报》报道，1分20秒的飞行是一项令人难以置信的技术成就。由此判断出短文的目的是告诉我们最近的科技进步。故选B项。
Coffee is probably the world’s least expensive success power tool. Coffee builds better teams and increases your leadership ability. Coffee also increases your immunity. It increases focus and drive and may even increase your lifespan.
Unfortunately, we may not be enjoying the benefits or pleasures of coffee too much longer. According to ecologists, there’s a good chance that in 20 or 30 years, the varieties of coffee that we drink today will be extinct. And we’ll be drinking either a coffee substitute or some almost-coffee hybrid that vaguely resembles the drink we enjoy today.
The problem, of course, is the pace of climate change. Successful coffee cultivation has three preconditions: 1) a warm, highly stable tropical climate with altitudes that keep air temperature between 18 and 20 degrees Celsius, 2) rich soil full of natural nutrients, and 3) an ecological environment that’s pest and disease resistant.
Coffee is a crop that is only grown in a thin band called the “coffee belt” close to the equator. It simply won’t grow anywhere else. Unfortunately, the “coffee belt” is extremely vulnerable to climate change. If the air is too cold or too hot, it prevents the growth of the coffee plant.
Climate change also creates environmental stress, which spreads parasites, pests and plant diseases. All of these increase the fragility of the coffee crop and create the possibility of a species-destroying rot.
Almost all the coffee cultivated in the world today is one of two species, arabica or robusta, either of which might be wiped out in this way. There are other species of coffee, and scientists are hoping that, if worse comes to worst, a different species can be bred into coffee.
Unfortunately, almost all of these species exist only in Ethiopia, a country that climate change is already hammering. As the environmental nonprofit USAID points out:
“Ethiopia is one of the world’s most drought-prone countries. The country is confronted with numerous development challenges that exacerbate its weakness facing climate change including increases in temperature, unstable rainfall and unpredictability of seasonal rain, and increased incidences of drought and other extreme events.”
In other words, even as climate change threatens coffee as it exists today, climate change is also eating away at the root source to which we might turn to for replacement species.
What to do? Well, take the time to savor each cup of coffee you drink. Beyond that, stop electing and enabling climate change deniers.
12．What is the author’s feeling about the future of coffee?
A．Helpless. B．Bored. C．Happy. D．Worried.
13．Which condition probably prevents the growth of the coffee plant?
A．A tropical climate. B．Rich soil.
C．Increasing temperature. D．Stable rainfall.
14．The underlined word in Paragraph 8 is closest in meaning to “________”.
A．remove B．worsen C．decrease D．accept
15．What might be the best title for the passage?
A．Change Climate for Coffee
B．Enjoy Coffee While You Can
C．Benefits from Coffee Drinking
D．Conditions for Coffee Planting
【答案】12．D13．C14．B15．B
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了由于气候变化，咖啡种植面临挑战，在未来20——30年很多咖啡种类可能会灭绝。
12．推理判断题。根据第二段“Unfortunately, we may not be enjoying the benefits or pleasures of coffee too much longer. According to ecologists, there’s a good chance that in 20 or 30 years, the varieties of coffee that we drink today will be extinct.”(20-30年后，我们今天喝的咖啡可能会消失，我们可能不再享受咖啡带来的乐趣)可推知，作者对咖啡的将来很担忧。A.Helpless.无助的；B. Bored.无聊的；C. Happy.高兴的；D. Worried担忧的。D项符合语境。故选D。
13．细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句话“If the air is too cold or too hot, it prevents the growth of the coffee plant.”可知，太冷或太热都不利于咖啡种植。C项“持续上升的气温”符合以上说法。故选C。
14．词义猜测题。根据第八段“Ethiopia is one of the world’s most drought-prone countries. The country is confronted with numerous development challenges that exacerbate its weakness facing climate change including increases in temperature, unstable rainfall and unpredictability of seasonal rain, and increased incidences of drought and other extreme events.” 可知，埃塞俄比亚是世界上最干旱的国家之一。这个国家面临许多挑战。气温增加，不稳定的雨量，不可预测的雨季，干旱以及极端事件。这些都使得它本身干旱的弱点更加exacerbate。结合上下文，尤其关键词 numerous development challenges和weakness可推知划线词意为“恶化”，即这些大量的挑战让干旱更加恶化。A. remove移开；B. worsen恶化；C. decrease降低；D. accept接受。B项符合语境。故选B。
15．主旨大意题。全文主要介绍了由于气候变化，咖啡种植面临挑战。再根据最后一段的“Well, take the time to savor each cup of coffee you drink.”可知，作者呼吁珍惜现在喝咖啡的时光。由此可知B. Enjoy Coffee While You Can（享受你能喝咖啡的机会）最适合作本文标题。故选B。
阅读【江苏省如皋中学2021-2022学年高三上学期期初测试】
You know all about the dangers of exhaustion. You even know that working too many hours affects your productivity, and yet there’s always one more task that needs finishing one more email to write, or one more impatient customer or boss who doesn’t want to wait till Monday. Here are some tips that may help you deal with pressure at work when you feel exhausted.
Don’t save sleeping time.
Not only does a good night’s sleep improve your mood and cognitive(认知的) ability, but it helps you grow brain cells. Sleep deprivation(匮乏) is associated with a lot of mental and physical illness, and will actually make you age more quickly. Whatever else you have to forego to give way to work and meet the demands of your crazy job, make sure getting a good night’s sleep every night is one of your priorities.
Get plenty of exercise.
Exercise is a known mood elevator and stress killer, as well as something that your body needs to remain healthy. There’s evidence that a daily two-mile walk can help your cognitive function. So fit some exercise in your schedule every day or follow Steve Jobs’ example and conduct meetings while walking.
Take brief breaks during the day.
Even a few minutes between meetings and phone calls will make a big difference. And also, go outside during these breaks. Sunlight and fresh air can do a lot of good.
Put a vacation on your calendar.
Having a vacation on your calendar will give you something to look forward to. And as the date approaches, do not reschedule whatever happens. Taking a vacation will give your mind a rest. You might be surprised at how reinvigorated(振作的) and inspired you’ll be getting back to work.
Schedule evening and weekend activities.
This will give your week some variety ---- it won’t all be about your job. It will be better if your off-hours activities involve other people you care about, such as your spouse, partner, kids, or friends.
1．What might be the purpose of the passage?
A．To show the danger of stress and overwork.
B．To tell us some skills of improving work efficiency.
C．To persuade people not to work overtime.
D．To tell us how to get through high-stress times at work.
2．What does the underlined word “forego” in Paragragh2 mean?
A．Carry out. B．Focus on.
C．Give up. D．Get over.
3．What can you do to give your mind a rest?
A．Conduct meeting while walking. B．Save sleeping time.
C．Take a vacation. D．Plan weekend activities.
【答案】1．D2．C3．C
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章给出了缓解工作压力的建议和具体方式。
1．推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句“Here are some tips that may help you deal with pressure at work when you feel exhausted.（当你感到筋疲力尽时，这里有一些建议可以帮助你处理工作压力。）”再结合下文给出的五个建议，可推断文章的目的是告诉读者如何度过工作压力大的时期。故选D项。
2．词义猜测题。A. Carry out.执行，实施；B. Focus on.集中于；C. Give up.放弃；D. Get over.克服。根据该词后的目的状语“to give way to work and meet the demands of your crazy job（给工作让路，满足你疯狂工作的要求）”可推测，forego意为“放弃”，因为只有“放弃”其它事情，才能达到为工作让路的目的。故选C项。
3．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Taking a vacation will give your mind a rest.（去度个假会让你的思想得到休息。）”可知，可以通过度假的方式来让心灵得到放松。故选C项。
Tea, the most typical of English drinks, is a relative latecomer to British shores. Although the custom of drinking tea dates back to the third millennium (一千年) BC in China, it was not until the mid-17th century that the drink first appeared in England. It was the Portuguese and Dutch traders who first imported tea to Europe, reaching the Continent by the way of Venice around 1560, with regular shipments by 1610.
Curiously, it was the London coffee houses that were responsible for introducing tea to England. One of the first coffee house merchants to offer tea was Thomas Garway. He sold both liquid and dry tea to the public as early as 1657. Three years later he issued a broadsheet advertising tea at £6 to £10 per pound, touting ( 兜 售 ) its virtues at “making the body active and lusty (健壮的)”, and “preserving perfect health until extreme old age”.
Tea gained popularity quickly in the coffee houses, and by 1700 over 500 coffee houses sold it. This distressed the pub owners, as tea cut their sales of beer, and it was bad news for the government, who depended upon a steady stream of revenue (税收) from taxes on liquor sales. By 1750 tea had become the favoured drink of Britain’s lower classes.
A 1676 act taxed tea and required coffee house operators to apply for a license. This was just the start of government attempts to control, or at least, to profit from the popularity of tea in Britain. By the mid-18th century the duty on tea had reached a ridiculous 119 percent. This heavy taxation had the effect of creating a whole new industry — tea smuggling ( 走 私 ). Ships from Holland and Scandinavia brought tea to the British coast, then stood offshore while smugglers met them and unloaded the precious cargo in small vessels. The smugglers, often local fishermen, secretly moved the tea inland through underground passages and hidden paths to special hiding places. One of the best hiding places was in the local church!
Even smuggled tea was expensive, however, and therefore extremely profitable, so many smugglers began to adulterate (掺假) the tea with other substances, such as willow and sloe leaves. Used tea leaves were also redried and added to fresh leaves.
Finally, in 1784 William Pitt the Younger introduced the Commutation Act, which dropped the tax on tea from 119% to 12.5%, effectively ending smuggling. Adulteration remained a problem, though, until the Food and Drug Act of 1875 brought in severe punishment for the practice.
4．According to the passage, tea drinking _______.
A．is the favorite pastime of the Dutch
B．is an important British tradition
C．was well-received by the Portuguese centuries ago
D．could be found everywhere in the world in 1560
5．Who might be annoyed by the popularity of the tea?
A．Coffee house owners. B．Wine sellers.
C．Britain’s lower classes. D．Smugglers.
6．Which of the following statements about tea smuggling is TRUE?
A．Churches provided convenience for smuggling.
B．Fishermen and farmers contributed a lot to tea industry.
C．Underground passages and boats were ideal hiding places for tea.
D．The government encouraged tea smuggling for taxes on tea.
7．How was the order of the tea market finally restored in Britain?
A．By passing an act related to a tax rise.
B．By imposing mild punishment.
C．By punishing those who sold fake tea.
D．By mixing redried used leaves with fresh tea leaves.
【答案】4．B5．B6．A7．C
【解析】这是一篇说明文。讲述了茶在英国的发展历史。
4．细节理解题。根据文章第一段第一句Tea, the most typical of English drinks，可知茶，最典型的英国饮料，可知，喝茶在英国也是很受欢迎的。选项B和文章的意义相符合。故选B项。
5．细节理解题。根据第三段前两句：Tea gained popularity quickly in the coffee houses, and by 1700 over 500 coffee houses sold it. This distressed the pub owners, as tea cut their sales of beer, and it was bad news for the government, who depended upon a steady stream of revenue (税收) from taxes on liquor sales.可知。茶的流行使酒吧老板很苦恼，因为茶的出售因为茶削减了他们的啤酒销量，这对政府来说是个坏消息，因为政府依赖于来自酒类销售税收的稳定收入。选项B符合题意。故选B项。
6．细节理解题。结合文章第四段： This heavy taxation had the effect of creating a whole new industry — tea smuggling ( 走 私 ). Ships from Holland and Scandinavia brought tea to the British coast, then stood offshore while smugglers met them and unloaded the precious cargo in small vessels. The smugglers, often local fishermen, secretly moved the tea inland through underground passages and hidden paths to special hiding places. One of the best hiding places was in the local church!这种重税造成了一个全新的产业——茶叶走私。 来自荷兰和斯堪的纳维亚的船只，把茶叶带到了英国海岸，然后停靠在近海，走私者与他们会面，用小船卸下珍贵的货物。 走私者，通常是当地的渔民，通过地下通道和隐蔽的小路，秘密地将茶叶运往内陆特殊的藏匿地点。最好的藏身之处就是当地的教堂！可以知道，因为对茶叶的重税，促使茶叶走私的形成。当地渔民把走私的茶叶藏在当地的教堂，所以教堂为走私茶叶提供了便利。所以A项符合题意。故选A项。
7．细节理解题。理解文章最后一段：最后，在1784年，小威廉·皮特引入了减税法案，将茶叶税从119% 降至12.5% ，有效地终止了走私。 掺假一直是个问题，直到1875年的《食品和药品法》对这种行为进行了严厉的惩罚。可以得知，正是因为对茶叶掺假问题的行为进行了严厉的惩罚后，茶叶市场才恢复了正常的秩序。选项C和文章意义相符。故选C项。
What is the best part of a typical relaxing summer day? Nothing is better than sitting in an armchair with a beer and some chips in your hand, enjoying the great comfort.
The much-loved combination of beer and chips is being exploited for the first time to deal with climate change. Chips firm Walkers has adopted a technique it says will cut CO2 emissions (排放) from its production process by 70%.
The technology will use CO2 captured from beer processing in a brewery (啤酒厂), which is then mixed with potato waste and turned into fertilizer. It will then be spread on UK fields to feed the following year’s potato crop. Creating fertilizer normally produces high CO2 emissions, but the technology adopted by Walkers makes fertilizer without generating CO2. So, the beer-and-chips combination performs a double function. It stops the emission of brewery CO2 into the atmosphere — and it saves on the CO2 normally generated by fertilizer production.
This Creative win-win solution was developed with an approval from the UK government by a 14-employee start-up called CCm. The fertilizer was experimented on potato seed beds this year, and next year Walkers will install CCm equipment at its Leicester factory to prepare for its 2022 crop.
A decision has not yet been made on which brewery Walkers will work with on this. The new technology adds to carbon-saving techniques already under way. The firm has installed an anaerobic digester (厌氧消化池), which feeds potato waste to bacteria to produce a useful gas. The gas is burned to make electricity for the chip-frying process — so this saves on burning gas or coal.
The new system will go a step further by taking away potato “cake” left after digestion — and mixing the brewery CO2 into it to make an enriched fertilizer which will help put carbon back into the soil as well as encouraging plant growth.
It’s an example of scientists finding ways to use CO2 emissions which otherwise would increase the over-heating of the planet.
8．What is the purpose of the first paragraph?
A．To draw readers’ attention.
B．To entertain readers.
C．To show how useful beer and chips are to our life.
D．To introduce a way of life.
9．Which of the following is an advantage of the system?
A．It will be totally cost-free.
B．It doesn’t consume any energy.
C．It will be a perfect solution to climate change.
D．It is environmentally-friendly.
10．What is Paragraph 3 mainly about?
A．How CO2 is turned into fertilizer.
B．How the technology stops CO2 emissions.
C．How an energy-saving green technology works.
D．The advantages of a new technology.
11．What can be inferred from the text?
A．The technology will fix the problem of global warming.
B．Walkers has a wide range of partner choices.?
C．This technology will be adopted by many chips firms soon.
D．Scientists are seeking solutions to climate change.
【答案】8．A9．D10．C11．D
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了科学家找到了利用二氧化碳排放的一个办法——啤酒和薯条的组合——来应对气候变化，减少地球的热量。
8．推理判断题。根据第一段“What is the best part of a typical relaxing summer day? Nothing is better than sitting in an armchair with a beer and some chips in your hand, enjoying the great comfort. (一个典型的放松的夏日里最好的部分是什么？没有什么比坐在扶手椅上，手里拿着啤酒和一些薯条，享受这种巨大的舒适更好的了。)”和第二段中“The much-loved combination of beer and chips is being exploited for the first time to deal with climate change. (人们喜爱的啤酒和薯条的组合首次被用来应对气候变化。)”可知，第一段的目的是吸引读者的注意，引出下文。故选A项。
9．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Chips firm Walkers has adopted a technique it says will cut CO2 emissions (排放) from its production process by 70%. (薯片公司Walkers采用了一种技术，据说可以将其生产过程中的二氧化碳排放量减少70%。)”和第三段中“Creating fertilizer normally produces high CO2 emissions, but the technology adopted by Walkers makes fertilizer without generating CO2. So, the beer-and-chips combination performs a double function. (制造肥料通常会产生很高的二氧化碳排放，但Walkers所采用的技术在制造肥料时不会产生二氧化碳。因此，啤酒和薯条的组合有双重功能。)”可知，该系统的优点之一是有环保性。故选D项。
10．主旨大意题。根据第三段中“The technology will use CO2 captured from beer processing in a brewery (啤酒厂), which is then mixed with potato waste and turned into fertilizer. It will then be spread on UK fields to feed the following year’s potato crop. (这项技术将使用啤酒厂从啤酒加工过程中捕获的二氧化碳，然后与马铃薯废料混合，变成肥料。然后，它将被传播到英国的田地里，为来年的马铃薯作物提供养料。)”和“It stops the emission of brewery CO2 into the atmosphere — and it saves on the CO2 normally generated by fertilizer production. (它可以阻止啤酒厂将二氧化碳排放到大气中，还可以节省通常由化肥生产产生的二氧化碳。)”可知，本段主要是介绍了这项绿色节能技术的工作原理。故选C项。
11．推理判断题。根据最后一段“It’s an example of scientists finding ways to use CO2 emissions which otherwise would increase the over-heating of the planet. (这是科学家们设法利用二氧化碳排放的一个例子，否则它会加剧地球的过热。)”可推知，科学家们正在寻找气候变化的解决方案。故选D项。
Rain is vital to life on Earth. However, rain isn’t just made of water anymore—it’s partly made of plastic.
Millions of tiny pieces of plastic, called microplastics, are wandering around Earth’s atmosphere and traveling across entire continents, according to a study published in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences on April 12. Another study, published in the journal Science in June 2020, has revealed that every year more than 1,000 tons of the particles (颗粒)—equivalent to over 120 million plastic bottles—fall in rain.
Microplastics are plastic particles less than 5 millimeters in diameter (直径) and come from a number of sources. Plastic bags and bottles released into the environment break down into smaller and smaller bits. Some microplastics are manufactured deliberately to provide abrasion (研磨) in a host of products, such as toothpaste and cleansers, according to the Daily Mail. Another major source is your washing machine. When you wash synthetic (合成的) clothing, tiny microfibers get flushed (冲掉) away with the wastewater. Even though the water is treated by a wastewater plant, the microplastics remain, and they are released into the sea, according to American magazine Wired.
Plastic rain may remind people of acid rain, but the former is far more widespread and harder to deal with. The tiny particles, too small to be seen with the naked eye, are collected by the wind from the ground. They are so light that they stay in the air to be blown around the globe. As they climb into the atmosphere, they are thought to act as nuclei (核心) around which water vapor (水蒸气) condenses (凝结) to form clouds. Some of the dust falls back to land in dry conditions, while the rest comes down as rain, according to the Daily Mail.
Microplastics have been found everywhere you can imagine. From fish and frogs to mice and mosquitoes, their bodies have been found, on average, to contain 40 pieces of microplastic, reported Daily Mail. As the top of the food chain, humans are exposed to microplastics, too. “We live on a ball inside a bubble,” microplastic researcher Steve Allen at University of Strathclyde, Scotland, told Wired. “There are no borders, there are no edges. It (plastic rain) raining on the land and then getting blown back up into the air again, to move somewhere else. There’s no stopping it once it’s out.”
12．What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about?
A．How microplastics should be handled. B．How microplastics are used widely.
C．How microplastics pollute water. D．How microplastics come into being.
13．What do we know about microplastics?
A．They are light and can be easily dealt with.
B．They result in both acid rain and plastic rain.
C．They have a diameter of at least 5 millimeters.
D．They have nearly affected the whole food chain.
14．What do Steve Allen’s words mean in the last paragraph?
A．No place is safe from microplastic pollution.
B．The atmosphere possesses the capacity to self-cleanse.
C．Countries should work together to fight plastic pollution.
D．It is important to remove microplastics somewhere else.
15．What’s the main purpose of the article?
A．To compare acid rain and plastic rain.
B．To warn people of the dangers of microplastics.
C．To call on people to reduce using plastic products.
D．To introduce the sources and effects of microplastics.
【答案】12．D13．D14．A15．D
【解析】本文是说明文，介绍了微塑料无处不在，并分析它的来源和它对生物造成的影响。
12．主旨大意题。根据第三自然段主题句“Microplastics are plastic particles less than 5 millimeters in diameter (直径) and come from a number of sources. (微塑料是指直径小于5毫米的塑料颗粒，有多种来源)”和下文提到的三种微塑料来源可推知，本段主要讲微塑料是怎么形成的。故选D项。
13．细节理解题。根据第五自然段“Microplastics have been found everywhere you can imagine. From fish and frogs to mice and mosquitoes, their bodies have been found, on average, to contain 40 pieces of microplastic, reported Daily Mail. As the top of the food chain, humans are exposed to microplastics, too. (你能想象到的所有地方都有微塑料。据英国《每日邮报》报道，从鱼、青蛙到老鼠和蚊子，人们发现它们的尸体平均含有40片微塑料。作为食物链的顶端，人类也暴露在微塑料中)”可知，微塑料存在于整个生物食物链中。故选D项。
14．推理判断题。根据第五自然段“‘We live on a ball inside a bubble, ’ microplastic researcher Steve Allen at University of Strathclyde, Scotland, told Wired. ‘There are no borders, there are no edges. It (plastic rain) raining on the land and then getting blown back up into the air again, to move somewhere else. There’s no stopping it once it’s out. ’(‘我们生活在一个气泡里的球上，’苏格兰斯特拉斯克莱德大学的微塑料研究员史蒂夫·艾伦告诉《连线》杂志。‘没有边界，没有边缘。它(塑料雨)落在地上，然后又被吹回到空中，转移到其他地方。它一旦出现就无法阻止了。’)” Steve Allen的话可推知，他认为微塑料造成的污染无法逃避，没有安全的地方。故选A项。
15．主旨大意题。根据文章内容可知，本文用雨引出微塑料无处不在这一话题，第三自然段分析了微塑料的三个来源，四五自然段介绍它对生物的影响。由此可知，本文的主要目的是介绍微塑料的来源和影响。故选D项。
阅读【广东省深圳市六校2021-2022学年高三上学期第一次联考】
Nobody says school is easy. Studying is difficult, as is memorizing information for a test. Fortunately, there are books that can help you to make dealing with school easier.
Unlimited Memory by Kevin Horsley
This book is a bestseller in memory improvement. It has strategies to help learn faster and become more productive. Of course, having a good memory comes in handy outside of the classroom as well. Really, this is a great book for life in general.
On Course by Skip Downing
It is another book worth reading. In its eighth edition, the book provides self-assessment tools to help identify what is needed to change for academic success. It contains guided journal entries to help readers with responsibility, self-management, self-awareness, learning and self-esteem.
Student’s Guide to Writing College Papers by Kate L. Turabian
Many students reach college and find that essay writing in college is very different from that in high school. Whether this is the case or not, Student’s Guide to Writing College Papers is a perfect choice for those who want to improve writing skills. It’s available on Kindle or in hardback or paperback forms. Right now, this one is its fourth edition. The book covers writing actual paper, citing sources, and style.
How to Become a Straight-A Student by Cal Newport
The book came out in 2006. It enjoys great popularity among learners all over the world. The book deals with different approaches and strategies to help achieve good academic performance but spend less time on studying, with a focus on studying smarter, not harder. It’s available on Kindle and in audio book and paperback forms.
1．What do you know about Unlimited Memory?
A．It is practical in daily life.
B．It is popular and sells best.
C．It helps to produce more works.
D．It is written by Kate L.Turabian.
2．What do the last two books have in common?
A．They have various forms.
B．They are world-famous books.
C．They were published 15 years ago.
D．They mainly focus on improving writing skills.
3．Who are the intended readers?
A．Parents. B．Children.
C．Teachers. D．Students.
【答案】1．A2．A3．D
【解析】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了四本有助于学生学习的书籍。
1．细节理解题。根据Unlimited Memory by Kevin Horsley中“Really, this is a great book for life in general.( 说真的，这是一本对生活很重要的书)”可知，Unlimited Memory是日常生活中一本很实用的书。故选A。
2．细节理解题。根据Student’s Guide to Writing College Papers by Kate L. Turabian中“It’s available on Kindle or in hardback or paperback forms. Right now, this one is its fourth edition. (这本书可以在Kindle上找到，也可以以精装本或平装本的形式找到。现在，这本书已经是第四版了)”和How to Become a Straight-A Student by Cal Newport中“It’s available on Kindle and in audio book and paperback forms.( 它可以在Kindle、有声读物和平装本上找到)”可知，最后两本书的共同之处是它们有多种形式。故选A。
3．推理判断题。根据第一段“Nobody says school is easy. Studying is difficult, as is memorizing information for a test. Fortunately, there are books that can help you to make dealing with school easier.( 没人说上学容易。学习是困难的，为考试而记忆信息也是困难的。幸运的是，有一些书可以帮助你更容易地应对学校学习生活)”可知，上学不易，因为有些信息很难记忆，由此可知，作者写这篇文章主要是给学习有困难的学生推荐基本实用的书籍。故选D。
In 1939, seven-year-old Miriam Schreiber should have started first grade. Instead, she spent that year — and the following five — trying to survive. She was living in Poland when World War II broke out. “My entire life was ruined within minutes,” she says. “I was looking forward to starting school.” She never made it. And not having a degree has always been a thorn in her side.
Decades later, though, the now-89-year-old Holocaust survivor finally got something she had always longed for. Kapiloff Brander, director of community programs at Jewish Family Services, reached out to the New England Jewish Academy, a Jewish high school, to ask whether the school could help Mariam fulfill her wish. Richard Nabel, the principal of the school, brought a few senior students to Miriam’s home to hear her story before they came up with the idea of presenting her an honorary diploma at the school’s 2020 graduation ceremony.
Miriam suffered a lot in a slave labor camp in Siberia before she got liberated in 1946. She and her remaining family members went to a refugee camp in Germany, where she got married and had her first child at the age of 16. Having spent years in refugee camps in different countries, she finally immigrated to America in 1960. Getting a formal education was never an option for her but she learned seven languages over the years. “I educated myself,” she says. “I read books day and night. I still do.”
On August 16, during a socially distanced ceremony in the school gym, Miriam was presented with a high school diploma from the New England Jewish Academy. “There weren’t too many dry eyes among the 30 of us there,” says Nabel. Miriam’s family was especially moved. “I’m not sure she even realizes the importance of that moment to me,” says Bernie, her eldest son. “I am so proud of her.”
4．What can be learned about Mariam from paragraph 1?
A．She regretted not being educated at school.
B．She started first grade at the age of seven.
C．She felt lucky to have survived World War II.
D．She spent five years in Poland during the war.
5．How did Mariam get her long-cherished wish fulfilled?
A．She made it through her own efforts.
B．She turned to Kapiloff Brander for help.
C．The senior students themselves presented a diploma to her.
D．Richard Nabel learned about her story and decided to help.
6．Which of the following best describes Mariam?
A．Educated. B．Intelligent.
C．Determined. D．Patient.
7．What did Nabel mean by saying “There weren’t too many dry eyes”?
A．Mariam’s story was ordinary but inspiring.
B．Most of those present were deeply touched.
C．He was impressed by Mariam and was proud of her.
D．He felt honored to present Mariam with a diploma.
【答案】4．A5．D6．C7．B
【解析】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了89岁的二战大屠杀幸存者Miriam的求学故事。战争的爆发使得她失去了上学的机会，战争时期的苦难没有打倒她，她一直坚持自学，读书，她的故事感动了新英格兰犹太学院和学生，授予了她荣誉文凭，帮她完成了夙愿。
4．细节理解题。根据文章第一段内容“‘I was looking forward to starting school.’ She never made it. And not having a degree has always been a thorn in her side.(“我很期待开学。”她没能成功。没有学位一直是她心中的刺。)”可知，她一直期待去上学，但是却因为战争没能上学，这是令她感到遗憾的。故选A项。
5．细节理解题。根据文章第二段内容“Richard Nabel, the principal of the school, brought a few senior students to Miriam’s home to hear her story before they came up with the idea of presenting her an honorary diploma at the school’s 2020 graduation ceremony. (该校校长Richard Nabel带了几名高年级学生去Miriam家听她的故事，然后他们想出了在学校2020年毕业典礼上授予她荣誉文凭的主意。)”可知，校长了解了Miriam的故事后，决定给与她荣誉文凭，完成她的梦想。故选D项。
6．推理判断题。根据文章第三段内容“Getting a formal education was never an option for her but she learned seven languages over the years. ‘I educated myself,’ she says. ‘I read books day and night. I still do.’(接受正规教育从来都不是她的选择，但多年来她学会了7种语言。“我自学了，”她说。“我日夜读书。 我现在仍然这样。”)”可知，虽然不能接受正规教育，但Miriam仍然坚持学习，读书，由此可推知，她是一个有决心的人。故选C项。
7．词义猜测题。根据前文“On August 16, during a socially distanced ceremony in the school gym, Miriam was presented with a high school diploma from the New England Jewish Academy.( 8月16日，在学校体育馆举行的一个社交疏远的仪式上，Miriam被授予了新英格兰犹太学院的高中文凭。)”可知，“eyes”应是指代参加了这个仪式的人，结合主人公Miriam的故事以及后文“Miriam’s family was especially moved.( Miriam的家人特别感动。)”可知，她能够得到文凭是令人感动的，因此可推知，句子“There weren’t too many dry eyes”应是表达“很多人都很感动”含义。故选B项。
It’s possible that your phone’s face-unlock might finally be able to work while you’re wearing a mask. Researchers have found that facial recognition algorithms (算法) are getting better at recognizing faces in masks, according to data published on Tuesday by the National Institute for Standards and Technology (NIST). Using independent testing of more than 150 separate facial recognition algorithms, the new report suggests masks may not be as big a problem for facial recognition systems as initially thought.
When NIST first examined masks’ effect on facial recognition in July 2020, it found that algorithms weren’t great at identifying faces with masks. “Face recognition can make errors, which can implicate people for crimes they haven’t committed,” writes the Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF). “It is particularly bad at recognizing African Americans and other ethnic minorities, women, and young people.” But the pandemic has given developers plenty of time to focus on the mask problem, and NIST’s data shows that facial recognition algorithms are getting better at working with masked faces. “After the pandemic, some developers have submitted algorithms which show significantly improved accuracy and are now among the most accurate in our test,” the report reads. NIST’s public ranking for facial recognition tests bears out this report. Eight different algorithms now hold false rates below 0.05 percent.
Nevertheless, there remain a number of limitations to the study. NIST researchers did not employ actual images of masked faces. Instead, they applied masks digitally to ensure consistency across the sample. As a result, “We were not able to get a thorough simulation (模仿) of the endless variations in color, design, shape, texture, and ways masks can be worn,” the report states. The digital mask was a blue surgical mask covering the full width of the face, but testers noted that performance varied considerably depending on how high the mask was placed on the face.
8．Recognizing masked faces with facial recognition systems used to be thought as _______.
A．effective B．impossible
C．easy D．challenging
9．What does the underlined phrase “bear out” in Paragraph 3 mean?
A．Make. B．Prove.
C．Deny. D．Oppose.
10．What can be learned about the study?
A．The way to wear masks may affect recognition accuracy.
B．The design of a mask makes no difference to facial recognition.
C．Facial recognition failure rates were quite low at the beginning.
D．The researchers adopted real surgical masks to ensure the accuracy.
11．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?
A．Limitations of Facial Recognition Software
B．The Challenge of Recognizing Masked Faces
C．The improvement in Facial Recognition Algorithms
D．Different Applications of Facial Recognition Technology
【答案】8．D9．B10．A11．C
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。研究发现，面部识别算法在识别戴面具的面孔方面表现得越来越好。
8．推理判断题。根据第一段“Using independent testing of more than 150 separate facial recognition algorithms, the new report suggests masks may not be as big a problem for facial recognition systems as initially thought.（通过对150多种不同的面部识别算法进行独立测试，这份新报告表明，面具对于面部识别系统来说可能不像最初想象的那样是个大问题。）”中的as big a problem for facial recognition systems as initially thought可知，使用面部识别系统识别蒙面面孔曾被认为是一种很有挑战性的（challenging）技术。故选D项。
9．词句猜测题。根据倒数第二段““After the pandemic, some developers have submitted algorithms which show significantly improved accuracy and are now among the most accurate in our test,” the report reads.（“大流行之后，一些开发人员已经提交了算法，这些算法显著提高了准确性，现在在我们的测试中是最准确的，”报告写道。）”以及“Eight different algorithms now hold false rates below 0.05 percent.（现在有八种不同的算法将错误率控制在0.05% 以下。）”可知，报告称算法提高了正确性，其中八种错误率在0.05%以下，进一步推出，该公共排名证实了这个报告。bear out意为“证实，证明”。故选B项。
10．推理判断题。根据最后一段“The digital mask was a blue surgical mask covering the full width of the face, but testers noted that performance varied considerably depending on how high the mask was placed on the face.（数字口罩是一种覆盖整个脸部宽度的蓝色外科口罩，但测试人员注意到，性能差异很大，取决于口罩放在脸上的高度。）”中的depending on how high the mask was placed on the face可知，戴口罩的方式会影响识别的正确性。故选A项。
11．主旨大意题。通读全文，特别是根据第一段“Researchers have found that facial recognition algorithms (算法) are getting better at recognizing faces in masks,（研究人员发现，面部识别算法(something something)在识别戴面具的面孔方面表现得越来越好。）”可知，文章主要关于人脸识别算法的改进在识别戴面具的面孔方面表现越来越好。C项“人脸识别算法的改进”符合题意，适合做标题。故选C项。
Many livestock farmers (牧场主) in the western world are becoming worried by a longer-term threat to their income from the growing popularity of vegetarian (素食的) diets. Here comes the question whether to eat meat or not. Before airing our view, we should consider seriously the three reasons that vegetarians give for refusing animal products.
The easiest point to argue against is that eating meat is unhealthy. Nothing is healthier than a varied diet, including fiber, vegetable, fruit and meat. Although studies show that eating red and processed meat may raise the risk of some cancers, it is important not to overstate the effect. This week, for example, Cancer Research UK reported that eating an extra piece of bacon every day raised the risk of bowel cancer by 20 per cent. But that means just eight extra (largely curable) cases in every 10,000 people over six years.
Our treatment of farm animals is an issue that vegetarians find more troubling. A common view is that raising animals in a small area cause unacceptable suffering. In this regard, agricultural authorities should take up the responsibility to enforce welfare standards that give each animal enough space to stand and move around comfortably. Also, consumers have an important role to play in improving conditions for farm animals. For example, the dislike of “battery hens”led to an EU ban in 2012 on keeping chickens in barren cages.
The environmental impact of livestock farming is its greatest problem in a century. The UN Food and Agriculture Organization estimates that farmed animals account for 14.5% of greenhouse gas emission. Although changes in grazing（放牧）practices could substantially reduce the environmental impact of livestock farming, it will always use more resources than producing the same number of calories from plant crops. Meat production should focus on the world’s traditional grasslands, without taking up new land.
12．Which of the following is NOT the reason against animal products given by vegetarians?
A．It harms human health.
B．It causes animal suffering.
C．It damages the environment.
D．It threatens the income of farmers.
13．Why does the author mention the report from Cancer Research UK in paragraph 2?
A．To prove that eating too much meat is unhealthy.
B．To persuade people out of eating too much meat.
C．To show that eating meat is not as unhealthy as vegetarians think.
D．To present the fact that eating too much bacon may cause cancer.
14．What’s the author’s attitude towards raising animals in a small area?
A．Favorable. B．Negative.
C．Indifferent. D．Unclear.
15．What does paragraph 4 mainly talk about?
A．The changes in feeding practices.
B．The challenges that livestock farming faces.
C．The negative effects of livestock farming on the environment.
D．The measures to reduce the environmental impact of livestock farming.
【答案】12．D13．C14．B15．C
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章阐述了素食主义者拒绝动物产品的三个原因。
12．细节理解题。根据第二段“The easiest point to argue against is that eating meat is unhealthy.（最容易反驳的观点是吃肉是不健康的。）”，第三段“Our treatment of farm animals is an issue that vegetarians find more troubling.（我们对待农场动物的方式是素食主义者认为更令人不安的一个问题。）”以及第四段“The environmental impact of livestock farming is its greatest problem in a century.（畜牧业对环境的影响是一个世纪以来最大的问题。）”可知，素食主义者拒绝肉食的原因不包括D项“它威胁到农民的收入”。故选D项。
13．推理判断题。根据第二段“But that means just eight extra (largely curable) cases in every 10,000 people over six years.（但这意味着在未来六年内，每10000人中只有8例额外的病例，且大部分可治愈。）”可知，该段提出这个报告的目的是证明吃肉并不像素食者想象的那样不健康。故选C项。
14．推理判断题。根据第三段“A common view is that raising animals in a small area cause unacceptable suffering. In this regard, agricultural authorities should take up the responsibility to enforce welfare standards that give each animal enough space to stand and move around comfortably.（一个普遍的观点是，在小范围内饲养动物会造成不可接受的痛苦。在这方面，农业当局应当承担责任，执行福利标准，使每头牲畜有足够的空间舒适地站立和移动。）”中的give each animal enough space to stand and move around comfortably可知，作者对小范围饲养动物持反对（negative）态度。故选B项。
15．主旨大意题。根据第四段中心句“The environmental impact of livestock farming is its greatest problem in a century.（畜牧业对环境的影响是一个世纪以来最大的问题。）”可知，第四段主要讨论畜牧业对环境的不良影响。故选C项。
阅读【辽宁省六校2021-2022学年高三上学期期初联考】
When it comes to the beaches in Sydney, it's hard to know where to begin. Around 100 beaches spread around the harbor and along the coast. Here are four of them.
Bronte Beach
Bronte's sea pool offers a protected ocean swim and is regarded as one of the best in Sydney—and much like beach culture itself, it's free. The nearby parkland has spacious barbecue areas for family gatherings. On public holidays, the park becomes a sea of busy people as parties take place.
Balmoral
Balmoral, on the north shore's Middle Harbor near Taronga Zoo, has an air of peace. Life moves at a more leisurely pace here. If it's loudness and pride you're after, this isn't it. What Balmoral does have overall is impressive views. And its calmness makes it a great swimming spot for families.
Garie Beach
Located in the Royal National Park, 54 kilometers south of Sydney, Garie Beach is accessible through Garie Road and isn't one for beach-lovers without a car. The large beach is very impressive, though. It's well preserved and is the perfect spot for a relaxing day away from the city. The facilities are top-grade and there is a great fishing spot off the east-facing rocks.
North Narrabeen Beach
Having some of the best and most consistent surf, the beach attracts board lovers from all over Sydney. Surfers have no discomfort making the 25-kilometer trip north to get to the three-kilometer-long beach. The northern end of the vast beach is protected from the northeasterly winds and is a surfer's destination, while the rest of it is ideal for swimming.
21．What do Bronte Beach and Balmoral have in common?
A．They are both family-friendly
B．They both charge no admission fee.
C．They both allow of a feeling of peace.
D．They are both most visited during holidays
22．What can we learn about Garie Beach?
A．It has big barbecue spots.
B．It is appealing to fishing lovers
C．It covers an area of 54 square kilometers
D．It has no convenient transportation.
23．which beach is suitable for people who like riding on waves?
A．Balmoral B．Garie Beach. C．Bronte Beach. D．North Narrabeen Beach
【答案】21．A22．B23．D
【解析】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了悉尼的四个海滩和它们的特点。
21．细节理解题。根据Bronte Beach中“The nearby parkland has spacious barbecue areas for family gatherings. (附近的公园有宽敞的烧烤区供家庭聚会)”和Balmoral中“And its calmness makes it a great swimming spot for families. (它的宁静使它成为家庭游泳的好地方)”可知，这两个海滩的共同之处在于它们都很适合家庭游玩。故选A项。
22．细节理解题。根据Garie Beach中“The facilities are top-grade and there is a great fishing spot off the east-facing rocks. (这里的设施是一流的，东边的岩石边上有一个很棒的钓鱼点)”可知，Garie Beach对钓鱼爱好者很有吸引力。故选B项。
23．细节理解题。根据North Narrabeen Beach中“Having some of the best and most consistent surf, the beach attracts board lovers from all over Sydney. Surfers have no discomfort making the 25-kilometer trip north to get to the three-kilometer-long beach. (有一些最好的和最稳定的冲浪，海滩吸引了来自悉尼各地的滑板爱好者。冲浪者在向北行驶25公里到达3公里长的海滩时没有任何不适)”可知，North Narrabeen Beach适合喜欢冲浪的人。故选D项。
I’d like to talk about my first teaching experience. It was in the fall of 2010—I had to teach integral calculus (积分学). I had taught before but it was always 2-3 students at a time. I had no experience of classroom teaching. So I had butterflies in my stomach.
Anyway, the appointed hour came and I had no choice but to go on. I introduced myself, asked each one of them to do a brief introduction and got down to business. Fortunately, it was a worksheet session, so I didn’t have to do much. The students were well prepared—most of them had done AP calculus. The first day was a success.
As the quarter went by, I found the work more and more easygoing. So I was lax and stopped preparing the homework problems beforehand. How wrong I was!
One day we were doing surfaces of revolution. I used to do them in a more different way than it was taught in the text. I tried to do the first problem but it wasn’t just a piece of cake—I had to step back and think for five minutes before the solution came to me. To the credit of my students, no one showed any sign of impatience in the meantime. I was feeling doubly uncomfortable because it was a day of observation by the school leaders.
The next class I tried to give some additional resources on advanced materials, especially to students who would stay after the class or come to my office hours.
My evaluations were mixed. Two major complaints were about my accent and my handwriting on the board.
I learned a lot about teaching after this course. In my view, teaching is like a performing art. No amount of reading or attending workshops will prepare you for the challenge. You only get better with practice.
24．What made the author feel uneasy at first?
A．Teaching a difficult subject. B．Lack of teaching experience.
C．Missing the appointed hour. D．Failure of choosing a topic.
25．What does the underlined word “lax” in Paragraph 3 refer to?
A．Careless. B．Tense. C．Annoyed. D．Amused.
26．Why did the author feel slightly embarrassed?
A．Because he delayed doing surfaces of revolution.
B．Because the students showed no sign of interaction.
C．Because he was stuck in his class watched by leaders.
D．Because the leaders blamed him for his performance.
27．What does the passage imply?
A．Do as the Romans do. B．Well begun is half done.
C．It never rains, but it pours. D．Practice holds the key to progress.
【答案】24．B25．A26．C27．D
【解析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。作者在文章中介绍了以往的教学经历，通过教学反思，得出结论：教学就像一门表演艺术。无论读多少书或参加多少研讨会，都不可大意。你只有通过反复练习才能变得更好。
24．细节理解题。根据第一段“I had no experience of classroom teaching. So I had butterflies in my stomach.(我没有课堂教学的经验。所以我心里七上八下。)”可知，缺乏教学经验使作者很担心。故选B项。
25．词义猜测题。根据第三段“As the quarter went by, I found the work more and more easygoing.(随着时间的推移，我发现这份工作越来越轻松了。)”以及“stopped preparing the homework problems beforehand. How wrong I was!(停止提前准备作业问题。我错得多离谱！)”可知作者“松懈”了，结合选项可知lax指的是A项的careless，意为“松懈的，粗心的”，故选A项。
26．细节理解题。根据第四段“I had to step back and think for five minutes before the solution came to me.(我不得不后退一步，思考五分钟，然后才想到解决办法。)” 和“I was feeling doubly uncomfortable because it was a day of observation by the school leaders.(我感到特别不舒服，因为今天是学校领导的观察日。)”可知，作者有点紧张，因为自己没有提前备好课，课堂上思考了5分钟才把试题解出来，而且学校领导在听课。故选C项。
27．主旨大意题。通读全文结合最后一段“I learned a lot about teaching after this course. In my view, teaching is like a performing art. No amount of reading or attending workshops will prepare you for the challenge. You only get better with practice.(通过这次教训，我学到了很多关于教学的知识。在我看来，教学就像一门表演艺术。再多的阅读或参加研讨会也无法让你为挑战做好准备。你只有通过练习才能变得更好。)”可知本文介绍了作者的教学经历，通过教学反思，得出结论：教学就像一门表演艺术。你只有通过反复练习才能变得更好。结合选项，A项“入乡随俗”；B项“好的开端是成功的一半”；C项“不鸣则已，一鸣惊人”；D项“实践是进步之基”。可知，D项符合文章主旨，故选D项。
Public toilets are known for a number of things, and they’re almost all bad. They’re typically dirty, smelly and depending on where they’re located, crowded. There’s nothing worse than needing to use the restroom only to spot a public toilet and then walk up to see that it’s occupied. Tokyo is working to solve problems like this by renovating (翻修) dozens of public toilet locations around the Shibuya district, and they’ve hired professional architects to put their own spin on things. The “Tokyo Toilet Project” is an effort by the Nippon Foundation to revitalize the commonly used public toilets in Shibuya, and while each location will get its own unique trick, the transparent toilets are definitely getting the most attention from passersby.
“There are two concerns with public toilets, especially those located in parks,” the Nippon Foundation says. “The first is whether it is clean inside, and the second is that no one is secretly waiting inside. Using a new technology, we made the outer walls with glass, so that a person can check inside before entering. At night, they light up the parks like a beautiful lantern.” The toilets are lined with transparent glass, offering would-be bathroom users a hint as to whether they’re occupied or not.
The real trick, however, comes when you close and lock the doors. Nobody wants to have people watching them while they’re doing their business, and these transparent toilets have a very interesting trick up their sleeves. When you lock the doors, the specialized glass panels (嵌板) turn opaque, preventing anyone from peeping inside. When the door is unlocked, the glass becomes transparent once again.
Whether the good people of Tokyo will decide that these new and improved restrooms are worthy of use remains to be seen, but I can’t imagine why anyone wouldn’t want to spend some time in them.
28．Why are the public toilets in Tokyo being renovated?
A．To inspire architects’ creativity.
B．To better meet users’ demand.
C．To attract passersby’s attention.
D．To improve the urban environment.
29．The transparent toilet is designed to________.
A．show if it is available
B．provide enough light inside
C．ensure it is easier to clean
D．create a novel appearance
30．What is the function of the transparent toilet’s trick?
A．It cuts the cost of power.
B．It protects the users’ privacy.
C．It stores personal belongings.
D．It locks the door automatically.
31．What is the author’s attitude towards the transparent toilet?
A．Indifferent.
B．Unfavorable.
C．Optimistic.
D．Neutral.
【答案】28．B29．A30．B31．C
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章谈论的是东京涉谷区（Shibuya district）使用透明玻璃材料及新技术翻修公共厕所，巧妙解决人们上公厕时常遇到的几个尴尬的问题。
28．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“There’s nothing worse than needing to use the restroom only to spot a public toilet and then walk up to see that it’s occupied. Tokyo is working to solve problems like this by renovating (翻修) dozens of public toilet locations around the Shibuya district, and they’ve hired professional architects to put their own spin on things.”可知，没有什么事比一个人急需上厕所时却发现里面是有人正在使用的这事更糟糕的了。为了解决这类问题，东京正在整修涉谷地区的几十个公共厕所，他们还聘请了专业建筑师来设计。由此可知，东京公厕所翻修是为了更好地满足人们上厕所的需求。故选C项。
29．细节理解题。根据第二段中的““There are two concerns with public toilets, especially those located in parks,” the Nippon Foundation says. “The first is whether it is clean inside, and the second is that no one is secretly waiting inside. Using a new technology, we made the outer walls with glass, so that a person can check inside before entering. At night, they light up the parks like a beautiful lantern.””可知，“公共厕所有两个问题，尤其是那些建在公园里的，” 日本基金会表示。“第一是里面是否干净，第二是里面没有人在暗中等候。我们采用了一种新技术，用玻璃做了外墙，这样人们可以在进去之前检查一下里面。到了晚上，它们就像一盏漂亮的灯笼，照亮了整个公园。”由此可知，使用新技术后，上厕所时人们就可以在进入厕所之前核实厕所的卫生情况及里面是否还有人在使用，从而判断出这个厕所是否可供使用。故选A项。
30．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“When you lock the doors, the specialized glass panels (嵌板) turn opaque, preventing anyone from peeping inside.”可知，当你锁上门时，专门的玻璃板变成不透明的，防止任何人窥视里面。由此可知，透明厕所的巧妙功能保护了使用者的隐私。故选B项。
31．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Whether the good people of Tokyo will decide that these new and improved restrooms are worthy of use remains to be seen, but I can’t imagine why anyone wouldn’t want to spend some time in them.”可知，善良的东京人是否会认为这些经过改进的新厕所值得使用还有待观察，但我无法想象为什么没有人愿意在里面呆上一段时间。由此推知，作者是主张建议大家去试试用这种透明玻璃及新技术翻修的新厕所的，作者对这种厕所的前途抱有乐观态度。故选C项。
【点睛】
推理判断题属于主观题，是层次较高的题目。它包括判断和推理题。这两类题常常相互依存，推理是为了做出正确的判断，正确的判断又依赖于合乎逻辑的推理。该题要求在理解表面文字的基础上，做出判断和推论，从而得到文章的隐含的意思和深层的意思，也就是通过文章中的文字信息，上下逻辑关系及事物的发展变化等已知的信息，推断出作者没有直接表达的态度和观点。推理判断题的答案不可能在文章中直接找到，因此推理时我们务必要忠于原文，在文章中寻找并确定可推论的依据，即：已知部分——推论的前提，从中推测出未知部分——推理的结论。常见的表态度的形容词：Indifferent漠不关心的； Unfavorable不宜的，不理想的；Optimistic乐观的；Neutral中立的。如第4小题，根据最后一段“Whether the good people of Tokyo will decide that these new and improved restrooms are worthy of use remains to be seen, but I can’t imagine why anyone wouldn’t want to spend some time in them.”可知，善良的东京人是否会认为这些经过改进的新厕所值得使用还有待观察，但我无法想象为什么没有人愿意在里面呆上一段时间。由此推知，作者是主张建议大家去试试用这种透明玻璃及新技术翻修的新厕所的，作者对这种厕所的前途抱有乐观态度。故选C项。
Sugar cane（甘蔗）contains around 10% sugar. But that means it contains around 90% non-sugar—the material known as bagasse （甘蔗渣）which remains once the sugar-bearing juice is squeezed out. World production of cane sugar was 185 million tonnes in 2017 , which results in a lot of bagasse.
At the moment, most of it is burned. But Zhu Hongli, a mechanical engineer at Northeastern University, in Boston, thinks it can be put into better use. As she, and her colleagues describe, in Matter this week, with a bit of improving bagasse makes an excellent and biodegradable （可生 物降解的）replacement for the plastic used for disposable food containers such as coffee cups.
Dr. Zhu is not the first person to have this idea. But previous attempts tended not to survive contact with liquids. She knew from previous research that the main reason why past efforts fell to pieces when wet is that bagasse is composed of short fibres which are unable to hold the finished product. She therefore sought' to insert a suitably long-fibred substance.
Bamboo seemed to be the best choice. It grows quickly /degrades readily and has appropriately long fibres. And it worked. When the researchers blended bamboo remaining into bagasse, they found that the result had a strong crossing of short and long fibres.
To put their new material through its paces, Dr. Zhu and her colleagues first poured hot oil onto it and found that, rather than passing through the material, as it would have with previous, bagasse products, the oil was resisted by their invention.
They also found that when they made a cup out of the stuff and filled it with water heated almost to boiling point, the cup remained unbroken for more than two hours. Though this is not as long as a plastic cup would Hast, it-is long enough for all practical purposes.
32．What do we know about bagasse?
A．It is widely used. B．It is usually wasted.
C．It can not be degraded. D．It takes up 10% of sugar cane.
33．Why do the previous attempts fail?
A．The cups are not disposable. B．The fibres of bagasse are short.
C．The plastic can not be replaced. D．The material is not biodegradable.
34．What is special about Zhu's invention?
A．It can let oil pass through. B．It can be boiled in the water.
C．It can hold liquid and resist heat. D．It can reduce the use of bamboo.
35．What would be the best title for the text?
A．New Bamboo Containers B．A New Application of Fibres
C．Young and Promising Materials D．A Perfect Mix of Cane and Bamboo
【答案】32．B33．B34．C35．D
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了甘蔗渣占甘蔗的90%，目前被浪费很多。研究者发现，经过改善甘蔗渣可以被用于制作杯子，以减少环境污染。
32．细节理解题。根据文章第二段第一句“At the moment, most of it is burned. ”（目前，大部分的甘蔗渣都被烧毁了。）可知，甘蔗渣大部分被浪费掉了。故选B项。
33．细节理解题。根据文章第三段以三句“She knew from previous research that the main reason why past efforts fell to pieces when wet is that bagasse is composed of short fibres which are unable to hold the finished product. ”（她从以前的研究中了解到，过去的努力失败的主要原因是甘蔗渣是由短纤维组成的，无法承载成品。）可知，以前的试验失败是由于蔗渣的纤维很短。故选B项。
34．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段第二句“They also found that when they made a cup out of the stuff and filled it with water heated almost to boiling point, the cup remained unbroken for more than two hours. ”（他们还发现，当他们用这种材料制成杯子，并将其装满加热到几乎沸点的水时，杯子可以保持两个多小时不破裂。）可知，朱红丽的发明特殊之处在于它能盛装液体并耐热。故选C项。
35．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文以甘蔗渣的浪费为开头，后面几段都是在讲朱红丽团队如何研究并巧妙利用甘蔗渣结合竹子的长纤维发明出可盛装液体并耐热的杯子。故选D项。
阅读【山东省青岛市2021-2022学年高三上学期期初考】
Some influential figures have left their marks in the world of science and technology. Sundar Pichai is the current CEO of Google. At present, Google is the most popular search engine and is a word that has entered the dictionary in its verb form, ‘Googling '. He was not born with a silver spoon in his mouth and the family suffered from poverty. But his story never fails to remind all that with determination and hard work, one can beat the odds.
Although Steve Jobs passed on years ago, he was, and still is, the perfect role model for many entrepreneurs. He was fired from the company of Apple, and then he went on to start up two other successful companies. Later, he returned to Apple where he created the iPhone, a product that many consider to be the most significant invention of this century. Elon Musk is the founder of SpaceX and Tesla. He used to be a major shareholder and CEO in PayPal, but was forced to leave from his role as CEO due to disagreements with the company leaders. Currently, he has set his sights on ways to reduce global warming, including keeping a lookout for new sources of renewable energy, and has an exciting ambition to establish a human colony in Mars.
Mark Zuckerberg is the founder of Facebook. Many are aware of his enormous success in building the $350-billion company but not many know that he had to journey through a rocky path to get to where he is today. He dropped out of college and had to tide over uncertain times before reaching success.
1．What did Steve Jobs do after being fired from Apple?
A．He gave lectures to young businessmen.
B．He became a successful entrepreneur of two other start-ups.
C．He started a company where he created iPhone.
D．He made the most significant invention in the world.
2．Who is on the frontier of space exploration technology?
A．Sundar Pichai. B．Steve Jobs. C．Elon Musk. D．Mark Zuckerberg.
3．What similarity do the four figures share?
A．They were born into poor families.
B．They went through hardship before success.
C．They contributed a lot to renewable energy.
D．They quit college to chase their dreams.
【答案】1．B2．C3．B
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了四个在科技界做出巨大成就的名人。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段的“He was fired from the company of Apple, and then he went on to start up two other successful companies. （他被苹果公司解雇了，然后又创办了另外两家成功的公司）”可知，在被苹果公司解雇后，乔布斯成为另外两家初创企业的成功企业家。故选B。
2．细节理解题。根据第二段的“Elon Musk is the founder of SpaceX and Tesla. （Elon Musk是SpaceX和特斯拉的创始人）”“Currently, he has set his sights on ways to reduce global warming, including keeping a lookout for new sources of renewable energy, and has an exciting ambition to establish a human colony in Mars.（目前，他已将目光投向减少全球变暖的方法，包括寻找新的可再生能源，并有一个令人兴奋的雄心壮志，即在火星上建立人类殖民地）”可知，Elon Musk是太空探索方面的先锋。故选C。
3．细节理解题。根据第一段的对Sundar Pichai的描述“He was not born with a silver spoon in his mouth and the family suffered from poverty. But his story never fails to remind all that with determination and hard work, one can beat the odds.（他不是含着银汤匙出生的，家里很穷。但他的故事总是提醒大家，只要有决心和努力，就可以战胜困难） ”，第二段的对Steve Jobs的描述“He was fired from the company of Apple, and then he went on to start up two other successful companies. （他被苹果公司解雇了，然后又创办了另外两家成功的公司）”，和对Elon Musk的描述“He used to be a major shareholder and CEO in PayPal, but was forced to leave from his role as CEO due to disagreements with the company leaders.（他曾是PayPal的主要股东和首席执行官，但由于与公司领导意见分歧，他被迫辞去首席执行官的职务）”以及第三段对Mark Zuckerberg的描述 “Many are aware of his enormous success in building the $350-billion company but not many know that he had to journey through a rocky path to get to where he is today. He dropped out of college and had to tide over uncertain times before reaching success.（许多人都知道他在建立这家价值3500亿美元的公司方面取得了巨大的成功，但没有多少人知道他必须走过一条崎岖的道路才能达到今天的水平。他从大学退学，在获得成功之前，他不得不度过不确定的时期）”可知，这四个人物的共同点是他们都是在经历了艰难困苦之后才取得成功的。故选B。
Every year on April 22,Earth Day marks the anniversary of the birth of the modern environmental movement in 1970.It gave a voice to an emerging public consciousness about the state of our planet.The founder was Gaylord Nelson.
What moved Gaylord Nelson to action was the1969massive oil spill（溢出）in California,the largest oil spill in the United States at that time.The spill proved to be an environmental nightmare as it had a strong impact on marine life,killing an estimated3,500sea birds,as well as marine animals such as dolphins,elephant seals and sea lions.Inspired by the student antiwar movement at that period of time,Nelson found it was a right time to channel the energy of the students towards a fight for environmental protection.He decided that it was time to educate the Americans on the need to protect the environment.Thus,Earth Day was born in1970,and public environmental consciousness took centre stage.
On 22nd April 1970,millions of Americans took to the streets to demonstrate for a healthy,sustainable environment and thousands of students marched in protest of the terrible situation of the environment.Businesses were forced to follow environmental standards if they wanted to continue their operations.The year1990 saw Earth Day reach out to many more countries around the world.It helped pave the way for the 1992 United Nations Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro,bringing together many nations,for a joint effort towards protecting the environment.In 2009,the United Nations decided to officially set April 22 as Earth Day.
For his role as founder of Earth Day,Gaylord Nelson was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom（1995）,the highest honour given to civilians in the United States.We honor the man,as the fight for a cleaner environment continues.
4．What can we learn about Earth Day?
A．It was founded at the end of 1970s.
B．It was first celebrated in Rio de Janeiro.
C．People will march on the street on this day.
D．It arouses public environmental awareness.
5．What did Gaylord Nelson do to make Earth Day possible?
A．He reduced the loss of the oil spill.
B．He participated in an antiwar movement.
C．He set environmental standards for business.
D．He involved more people in environmental issues.
6．What is the third paragraph mainly about?
A．The focus of Earth Day.
B．The development of Earth Day.
C．The world 's concern on the environment.
D．The joint efforts of different countries.
7．Which of the following best describes Gaylord Nelson?
A．Intelligent. B．Responsible. C．Considerate. D．Knowledgeable.
【答案】4．D5．D6．C7．B
【解析】本文是说明文，主要介绍了4月22日的“地球日”（Earth Day）创立者盖洛德·纳尔逊是如何创立地球日的以及地球日的历史。
4．细节理解题。根据第一段“Every year on April 22,Earth Day marks the anniversary of the birth of the modern environmental movement in 1970.It gave a voice to an emerging public consciousness about the state of our planet.The founder was Gaylord Nelson.” （每年的4月22日，地球日是1970年现代环保运动诞生的纪念日。它表达了公众对我们星球状况的新意识。创始人是盖洛德·纳尔逊。）可知，它唤起了公众的环境意识。故选D。
5．细节理解题。根据 第二段“Inspired by the student antiwar movement at that period of time,Nelson found it was a right time to channel the energy of the students towards a fight for environmental protection.He decided that it was time to educate the Americans on the need to protect the environment.Thus,Earth Day was born in1970,and public environmental consciousness took centre stage.” （受到当时学生反战运动的启发，纳尔逊发现，现在正是将学生的精力引导到为环境保护而战的好时机。他认为是时候教育美国人保护环境的必要性了。于是，1970年地球日诞生了，公众的环境意识成为了焦点。）”可知，他让更多人参与到环境问题中来。故选D。
6．主旨大意题。根据第三段“On 22nd April 1970,millions of Americans took to the streets to demonstrate for a healthy,sustainable environment and thousands of students marched in protest of the terrible situation of the environment.Businesses were forced to follow environmental standards if they wanted to continue their operations.The year1990 saw Earth Day reach out to many more countries around the world.It helped pave the way for the 1992 United Nations Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro,bringing together many nations,for a joint effort towards protecting the environment.In 2009,the United Nations decided to officially set April 22 as Earth Day. ”（1970年4月22日，数百万美国人走上街头，为一个健康、可持续的环境而游行，数千名学生游行抗议环境的糟糕状况。如果企业想要继续经营，就必须遵循环境标准。1990年，地球日向世界上更多的国家延伸。它为1992年在里约热内卢举行的联合国地球峰会铺平了道路，许多国家聚集在一起，共同努力保护环境。2009年，联合国决定正式将4月22日定为“地球日”。）可知，这是地球日的发展。故选C。
7．推理判断题。根据第一段地球日的创始人是盖洛德·纳尔逊。以及第四段“For his role as founder of Earth Day,Gaylord Nelson was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom（1995）,the highest honour given to civilians in the United States.We honor the man,as the fight for a cleaner environment continues ”（盖洛德·纳尔逊作为地球日的创立者，被授予总统自由勋章(1995年)，这是授予美国平民的最高荣誉。）可知，盖洛德·纳尔逊是一个负责任的人。故选B。
Nobody wants to snack on plastic bags or soda rings, but according to a recent study from the University of Neweastle, we could be consuming roughly a credit card's worth of plastic every week.
Microplastic, which are less than a quarter-inch size and come in various shapes, have polluted the natural world and infiltrated(渗入)our bodies. The first clue to microplastic exposure in humans came around 2013, when scientists discovered plastic particles in seafood prepared for consumption. But in 2019, when the University of Newcastle study was published, the scientific community understood that the problem was considerably broader. Microplastics shed off clothes and tires and have been found in beer, honey, table salt and other food items. We breathe in plastic staying in the air and drink plastic floating in our drinks. It's no stretch to conclude that our exposure is significant. What we don't know is what this means for us.
The amount of evidence collected on this subject is growing rapidly, according to Scott Coffin, a toxicologist(毒理学家). Studies done on mice and rats have found that plastic in their bodies can severely damage cells and cause stress.
Because microplastics are too small to clean up, the only solution is to stop plastic waste at the source. And doing so would take a thorough adjustment, given that plastics are deeply embedded in our economy and lifestyle. Stopping using them would fundamentally affect countless industries, including textiles(纺织业), transportation and manufacturing.
"I think we need to have more studies coming out that are directly related to human health before we see a lot more concern from the general public," Scott said. "It takes a lot to convince people that something that is really convenient for them to use is something they should sacrifice."
The question of microplastics and human health needs more attention—from the scientific community ,the general public, the government and funding groups. The issue isn't being ignored, but it's not being prioritized either.
8．What does the second paragraph mainly tell us about microplastics?
A．Their wide usage in daily life.
B．Their harm to human health.
C．Their significant exposure in humans.
D．The new study conducted on them.
9．What does the underlined part "this subject" refer to?
A．The way that microplastics exist.
B．The pollution caused by microplastics.
C．The relationship between microplastics and human health.
D．The reason for the existence of microplastics.
10．How to solve the problem according to Scott?
A．To cut down plastic production.
B．To carry out more studies on mice and rats.
C．To invent something more convenient than plastics.
D．To promote people's awareness on the harm brought by microplastics.
11．Which of the following is a suitable title for the passage?
A．Is Microplastic pollution harmful to our health?
B．Why is Microplastic pollution everywhere?
C．Why is plastic harmful?
D．What do you know about Microplastics?
【答案】8．C9．C10．D11．A
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍微塑料已经大量出现在我们的日常生活，但是否会对我们的健康造成影响，还需进一步的研究。文章呼吁人们更多关注微塑料污染。
8．细节理解题。根据第二段的主要内容，尤其“Microplastics shed off clothes and tires and have been found in beer, honey, table salt and other food items. We breathe in plastic staying in the air and drink plastic floating in our drinks. It's no stretch to conclude that our exposure is significant.（从衣服和轮胎脱落的微塑料在啤酒、蜂蜜、食盐和其他食品中也有发现。我们吸入空气中的塑料，喝漂浮在饮料中的塑料。毫不夸张地说，我们已经巨大地暴露在了微塑料中）”可知，本段主要介绍了微塑料已经大量出现在人们的生活中。故选C。
9．词句猜测题。根据第二段末的“What we don't know is what this means for us.（我们不知道这对我们意味着什么）”和第三段的“Studies done on mice and rats have found that plastic in their bodies can severely damage cells and cause stress.（对小鼠和大鼠进行的研究发现，它们体内的塑料会严重损伤细胞并造成压力）”可知，为了能够找到微塑料对人体健康危害的证据，科学家在老鼠身上进行了研究。由此推知，this subject指的是“微塑料与人类健康的关系”。故选C。
10．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“"I think we need to have more studies coming out that are directly related to human health before we see a lot more concern from the general public," Scott said. "It takes a lot to convince people that something that is really convenient for them to use is something they should sacrifice."（斯科特说：“我认为，我们需要进行更多与人类健康直接相关的研究，才能看到公众更多的关注。要花大量精力才能让人们相信方便他们使用的东西会让他们付出代价。”）”可推知，Scott认为解决这个问题的方法是提高人们对微塑料危害的认识。故选D。
11．主旨大意题。根据文章的主要内容，第二段末的“What we don't know is what this means for us.（我们不知道这对我们意味着什么）”和第三段“The amount of evidence collected on this subject is growing rapidly, according to Scott Coffin, a toxicologist(毒理学家).Studies done on mice and rats have found that plastic in their bodies can severely damage cells and cause stress.（毒理学家Scott Coffin表示，在这个问题上收集的证据数量正在迅速增长。对小鼠和大鼠进行的研究发现，它们体内的塑料会严重损伤细胞并造成压力）”可知，文章主要介绍微塑料已经大量出现在我们的日常生活，但是否会对我们的健康造成影响，还需进一步的研究。故“微塑料污染对我们的健康有害吗？”可以作为本文的最佳标题。故选A。
In the Ancient Greek world, one was meant to focus on a close knowledge of just two books. Homer’s Odyssey and his Iliad, because these were the best guides to action in military and civilian affairs. However, the modern world firmly equals the intelligent person with the well-read person.
Nowadays, if we do not rush to read four of this year’s major prize winning books, we will feel guilty at how far behind we are. We think that there should be no limit to how much we read because in answer to the question of why we read, there is only one response that will ever be ambitious enough: we read in order to know everything.
But this tiring approach to reading does not make us particularly happy. So in order to ease and simplify our lives, we might have a much more limited, focused and useful goal. We might, for example, read in order to learn to be content. Nothing less and nothing more.
With this new, far more targeted ambition in mind, much of the pressure to read constantly and randomly starts to fade. Once we know that we are reading to be content, we don’t need to chase every book published this season. We can zero in on titles that best explain what we need. So for example, we may need a few key books that will teach us about how families work and how they might work better, that can take us through how to find a job, or how to develop the courage to develop our opportunities.
The more we understand what reading is for us, the more we can enjoy close relationships with a few works only. The truly well-read person isn’t the one who has read a huge number of books, but someone who has let themselves be deeply shaped by just a few, very well-chosen titles.
12．Why are Homer’s Odyssey and Iliad mentioned in the first paragraph?
A．To present a fact. B．To explain a point.
C．To raise a question. D．To make a comparison.
13．What can we infer from paragraph 2 and 3?
A．Major prize winning books should be read.
B．We should be ambitious to read to know everything.
C．Reading as much as we can leads to happiness.
D．We should read with focused purpose.
14．What kind of books does the author advise us to read?
A．The newly published ones.
B．Those with innovative names.
C．The books meeting your needs.
D．The books improving your ambitions.
15．What is the author’s purpose in writing the text?
A．To promote our interest in reading.
B．To advocate a targeted reading way.
C．To criticize reading blindly.
D．To compare different reading styles.
【答案】12．D13．D14．C15．B
【解析】这是一篇说明文。作者在文章中介绍了当今社会中盲目阅读的现象，并提倡人们有针对性的阅读，阅读能够满足自己需要的书籍。
12．推理判断题。根据第一段关键句“However, the modern world firmly equals the intelligent person with the well-read person.”（然而，现代世界坚定地把聪明人和博览群书的人等同起来。）可知，作者在第一段中把过去的人和现在的人对阅读的态度进行对比，在古希腊世界，人们专注于读荷马的《奥德赛》和《伊利亚特》，因为这两本书是军事和民事行动的最佳指南，而现代人却认为读的书越多就越聪明，盲目阅读，由此可知，第一段提到荷马的《奥德赛》和《伊利亚特》是为了把过去和现在的阅读观点进行比较。故选D项。
13．推理判断题。根据第三段关键句“But this tiring approach to reading does not make us particularly happy. So in order to ease and simplify our lives, we might have a much more limited, focused and useful goal.”（但这种令人厌倦的阅读方式并没有让我们特别高兴。因此，为了使我们的生活变得轻松和简单，我们可能会带有一个更加有限、专注和有用的目标去阅读。）可知，作者在第二段和第三段中告诉我们，盲目的大量阅读并没有让我们特别高兴，我们应该有目的性的去阅读一些对我们有用的书，这样我们的生活会变得轻松和简单，由此可知，我们可以从第二段和第三段中推断出我们应该有目的地阅读。故选D项。
14．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段关键句“We can zero in on titles that best explain what we need. So for example, we may need a few key books that will teach us about how families work and how they might work better, that can take us through how to find a job, or how to develop the courage to develop our opportunities.”（我们可以专注于最能解释我们需要什么的标题。比如说，我们可能需要几本重要的书来教我们家庭如何工作，以及家庭如何更好地工作，这些书可以引导我们如何找到工作，或者如何鼓起勇气去创造机会。）可知，作者认为，我们应该专注于那些能够解释我们的疑惑，满足我们需要的书，由此可知，作者建议我们读能满足我们的需要的书。故选C项。
15．推理判断题。根据最后一段关键句“The truly well-read person isn’t the one who has read a huge number of books, but someone who has let themselves be deeply shaped by just a few, very well-chosen titles.”（真正博览群书的人不是那些读了大量书籍的人，而是那些让自己被一些精心挑选的书深深影响的人。）可知，在作者看来，真正博览群书的人是那些带有明确目标去阅读的人，所阅读的书籍能够满足自己的需要，给自己带来影响，而不是盲目阅读大量书籍的人，由此可知，作者写这篇文章的目的是提倡有针对性的阅读方式。故选B项。
阅读【山东省日照市五莲中学2022届高三开学考试】
As a former editor at Real Simple magazine, I’ve come across many domestic products. And now I’m a free writer and a mom of two amazing but messy children. I’ve really put these cleaning products to use. So I’ve decided to share my top 4 products with you.
Magic Silicone Dishwashing Gloves
These might be one of my favorite inventions ever. BPA-free silicone gloves with built-in scrubbers (刷子) for cleaning dishes? Brilliant! They get rid of the need for a washing brush keep my nails unharmed, and they can be thrown into the dishwasher.
Shop it: Magic Silicone Dishwashing Gloves, $15, amazon.com
Rubbermaid Reveal Power Scrubber
I live in a rental apartment, and when I moved in, the ground around my bathtub was very dirty. This tool makes light work of bubble (气泡). The company says it’s twice as powerful as scrubbing with hand, and I have to agree. Use it on everything from taps to siding door tracks—you won’t want to put it down.
Shop it: Rubbermaid Reveal Power Scrubber, $20, walmart.com
Angry Mama Microwave Cleaner
I can’t count how many times tomato sauce has splattered in my microwave. This small invention uses steam to loosen all that baked-on stains (污渍). Just take off the hair, fill with water and vinegar, and watch Angry Mama as she sprays hot steam all over the inside. Then wipe with a damp cloth. She’s incredibly fun to use!
Shop it: Angry Mama Microwave Cleaner, $9, a discount of 50% if you buy now, amazon.com
Hiware Drinking Straw Brush Set
If I gave my kids only straws in their stockings for Christmas, they’d be excited. They ask for straws so often that I should buy a stock of them. And now that reusable straws are popular, these tools get more use in my house than ever.
Shop it: Hiware Drinking Straw Brush Set, $1 for one, $5 for ten, amazon.com
1．Which of the following might be most useful for a dirty house?
A．Magic Silicone Dishwashing Gloves. B．Rubbermaid Reveal Power Scrubber.
C．Angry Mama Microwave Cleaner. D．Hiware Drinking Straw Brush Set.
2．What’s the least cost if you buy the four products at a time?
A．$45. B．$44.5. C．$40.5. D．$40.
3．What’s the author’s purpose in writing the text?
A．To promote the sales of the products. B．To teach us how to use the products.
C．To recommend the products to readers. D．To compare the advantages of the products.
【答案】1．B2．C3．C
【解析】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了一位曾经当过编辑，现任一位自由作家兼两个孩子妈妈的作者向自己的读者介绍了四款好用的清洁产品。
1．细节理解题。根据Rubbermaid Reveal Power Scrubber小标题下的一段内容“I live in a rental apartment, and when I moved in, the ground around my bathtub was very dirty. This tool makes light work of bubble (气泡). The company says it’s twice as powerful as scrubbing with hand, and I have to agree. Use it on everything from taps to siding door tracks—you won’t want to put it down.（住在租来的公寓里，当我搬进来的时候，浴缸周围的地面很脏。这种工具会产生气泡。公司说它的力量是用手擦洗的两倍，我觉得公司说的是对的。把它用在任何地方，从水龙头到侧门轨道——你不想放下它。）”可知，作者也租过这样很脏的房子，Rubbermaid Reveal Power Scrubber这种产品使得清理脏房子简单实用。故选B项。
2．细节理解题。根据第一个产品Magic Silicone Dishwashing Gloves, $15, amazon.com（神奇硅胶洗碗手套，亚马逊网站，15美元）、第二个产品Rubbermaid Reveal Power Scrubber, $20, walmart.com（Rubbermaid Reveal 强力洗涤器， 20美元，沃尔玛网站）、第三个产品Angry Mama Microwave Cleaner, $9, a discount of 50% if you buy now, amazon.com（Angry Mama微波炉清洁剂，9美元，现在购买可以打五折，亚马逊网站）、第四个产品Hiware Drinking Straw Brush Set, $1 for one, $5 for ten, amazon.com（Hiware吸管刷套装，1美元一套，5美元十套，亚马逊网站）可知，这四款产品的价格加起来为15+20+4.5+1=40.5美元。故选C项。
3．推理判断题。根据第一段“As a former editor at Real Simple magazine, I’ve come across many domestic products. And now I’m a free writer and a mom of two amazing but messy children. I’ve really put these cleaning products to use. So I’ve decided to share my top 4 products with you.（作为《Real Simple》杂志的前编辑，我接触过很多国内产品。现在我成了自由作家和两个出色但邋遢的孩子的妈妈。我真的用了这些清洁产品。所以我决定和大家分享我最喜欢的4个产品。）”可知，作者是想把自己用过的最喜欢，最好用的四款清洁产品推荐给读者。故选C项。
I was a teacher before I had my first daughter. As much as I enjoyed being an educator, I decided to stay at home with our baby — at least for the first few years. I enjoyed every day we spent together for a year and a half until I found myself pregnant (怀孕) with identical twin girls.
After the girls were born, it was the busiest time of my life. Between bottle feeding two, changing three little ones in diapers (尿布), and getting them to sleep, I was a hot mess. I was so exhausted that showering and washing my hair took too much energy, so I often skipped them. One afternoon when I sat on the couch with my three screaming children, an idea struck me: I had to write this down. All of it. Every experience, feeling, and challenge from the past year and a half. I didn’t know how I would find the time to write but I knew I would.
And I did. I wrote during nap times, in the evenings, and on weekends when my husband was home and could watch our crew. It started as scattered journal entries and incomplete sentences written down in a notebook or on my laptop. Slowly over months the words formed complete thoughts, then complete paragraphs. Soon, I had made another decision. I wanted to write a memoir (回忆录) in hopes that: it would inspire other women in similar situations. When my book was finally published and drew some attention, I realized how much I loved writing essays that took the reader on a transformative journey, much like my own.
The old proverb says “write what you know.” In just a few short years I have had so much life experience that I have a lot to write about. My daughters are my muse. The experience of having all three of them has given me the confidence to pursue my dream of writing.
I feel I am still teaching, but now instead of through a chalkboard, my words flow through the pages of my books, essays and features. And the only certification I need now, is the one I have — as a mother.
4．How does the author describe her life as a mother of three children?
A．Busy and tiring. B．Messy and annoying.
C．Pleasant and interesting. D．Amazing and meaningful.
5．Why did the author decide to write a memoir?
A．To achieve her writing dream. B．To make a note of her past.
C．To earn money for her family. D．To help more mothers like her.
6．What does the underlined word “muse” in paragraph 4 mean?
A．Target. B．Inspiration.
C．Audience. D．Favorite.
7．What does the author mainly talk about in the text?
A．How she brought up her children.
B．How she became a successful teacher.
C．How her daughters gave her a new career.
D．How her daughters made her a great mother.
【答案】4．A5．D6．B7．C
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述女儿出生后，和她们生活的经历让作者从老师变成了一位作家，通过文字给处于相似情况人帮助。
4．细节理解题。根据第二段的“After the girls were born, it was the busiest time of my life. Between bottle feeding two, changing three little ones in diapers (尿布), and getting them to sleep, I was a hot mess. I was so exhausted that showering and washing my hair took too much energy, so I often skipped them. ”（女孩们出生后，那是我一生中最忙的时候。在给两个孩子喂奶、给三个孩子换尿布和哄他们睡觉之间，我真是一团糟。我太累了，洗澡和洗头消耗了太多的精力，所以我经常不洗。）可知，作为三个孩子的妈妈，作者的生活很忙也很累。故选A。
5．细节理解题。根据第三段的“I wanted to write a memoir (回忆录) in hopes that: it would inspire other women in similar situations.”（我想写一本回忆录希望：这将激励其他处于类似情况的女性。）可知，作者写回忆录的目的是帮助那些和她有相似情况的妈妈。故选D。
6．词句猜测题。根据倒数第二段的“In just a few short years I have had so much life experience that I have a lot to write about. My daughters are my muse. The experience of having all three of them has given me the confidence to pursue my dream of writing.”（在短短的几年里，我有太多的生活经历，我有很多东西要写。我的女儿们是我的muse。和她们三个的经历给了我追求写作梦想的信心。）可知，和三个女儿的经历让作者有很多可以写的东西，并让她可以追求写作梦想。由此可知，孩子们是作者写作的灵感，即muse意为“启发，灵感”，与inspiration同义。故选B。
7．主旨大意题。根据文章的主要内容，尤其第一段的“I was a teacher before I had my first daughter.”（在第一个女儿出生前我是一名教师。）和倒数第二段的“In just a few short years I have had so much life experience that I have a lot to write about. My daughters are my muse. The experience of having all three of them has given me the confidence to pursue my dream of writing.”（在短短的几年里，我有太多的生活经历，我有很多东西要写。我的女儿是我的灵感。和她们三个的经历给了我追求写作梦想的信心。）和最后一段的 “I feel I am still teaching, but now instead of through a chalkboard, my words flow through the pages of my books, essays and features.”（我觉得我仍在教书，但现在我的话不再是通过黑板，而是在我的书、论文和特写中流动。）可知，文章主要讲述女儿出生后，和她们生活的经历让作者从老师变成了一位作家，通过文字给处于相似情况人帮助。即文章主要谈论了女儿们是如何给了作者一个新职业。故选C。
There are many ways we can enjoy sport—watching it on TV or a smartphone, attending an event at a stadium or even playing the game. Bu for those who enjoy getting competitive with their computer gaming, there are realistic-looking games to be played without leaving home. And people’s interest in this type of sport—if that’s what we can call it—has gone to a new level.
Initially, grabbing a controller and playing a game was individual activity. But around 20 years ago computers became cheaper and the Internet became faster, which made it much easier for more people to get involved with computer gaming. This led to gamers connecting with each other around the word, so they could go head-to-head online. It also became a spectator sport, with people watching others play. The whole experience has been given the name “esports”—Electronic Sports.
Now, huge esports tournaments take place all over the world in big arenas (竞技场) with large crowds. Diehard enthusiasts, who have become first-rate players, are now well-known—some play together in teams. Its top stars can earn millions of dollars a year, without even breaking into a sweat! And fans from around the world tune in to watch the action online. The global audience is now estimated at more than 200 million and growing. Annual profits from esports, currently around 650 million dollars for events, continue to rise with billions more through the video games sales.
Famous football clubs are now trying to get in on the action. England’s Football Association for example launched its first esports team this year, known as the eLions. It recruited (招募) FIFA 19 players to represent them at the FIFA eNations Cup. Mark Bullingham, the FA’s chief commercial and football development officer, said “The FA prides itself on being a modern, innovative organization that tries to engage and inspire all generations of football fans.”
But while this virtual version of football might give footballers a chance to get closer to the real game, some might argue the lack of physical activity means it shouldn’t be called a sport—and the biggest winners are the companies who promote and sell esports.
8．What contributed most to the popularity of esports?
A．The support from the public. B．Cheaper computers and faster Internet.
C．The advanced sports equipment. D．People’s preference for individual activities.
9．What can we infer about esports from paragraph 3?
A．They have become a big industry. B．They make players get rich easily.
C．They will replace traditional sports. D．They have a great impact on other sports.
10．Why does the author mention the FA in paragraph 4?
A．To explain why it has become interested in esports.
B．To tell readers it is taking the lead in hosting esports.
C．To state the officers are proud of its achievements in esports.
D．To show famous football clubs are getting involved in esports.
11．Which of the following is the best title for the text?
A．The Rise of Esports
B．The Advantages of Esports
C．Esports Teams: Famous for Star Players
D．Esports Tournaments: Exciting and Fantastic Events
【答案】8．B9．A10．D11．A
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了“电子竞技”的历史与现状。从它的发展历程中，可以看到这是一项飞速上升发展的新兴“体育运动”。
8．细节理解题。原文第二段介绍了“电子竞技”从无到有的历史进程，起初玩游戏纯粹是个人娱乐，“But around 20 years ago computers became cheaper and the Internet became faster, which made it much easier for more people to get involved with computer gaming.”（但是大约20年前，电脑变便宜了，互联网变快了，这使得更多的人更容易参与到电脑游戏中来），于是引起质变，人们能够“联机”，逐渐发展出了电子竞技，因而B选项“Cheaper computers and faster Internet”（更便宜的电脑和更快的互联网）两大关键因素，与原句契合，故选B。
9．推理判断题。根据题干，可直接定位至第三段，这一段列举了大量令人震撼的数字，如头部玩家的年收入可以达到成百上千万（millions of dollars a year），电子竞技的观众规模超过两亿，并持续增长（more than 200 million and growing）；等等。且最后一句“Annual profits from esports, currently around 650 million dollars for events, continue to rise with billions more through the video games sales.”（电子竞技的年利润目前约为6.5亿美元，通过竞技视频的销售，正继续实现数十亿美元的增长）可推知，电子竞技已经成为一个庞大的产业，A项正确，故选A。
10．推理判断题。本题要求判断作者提及FA（足球协会）的写作意图，正确的判断离不开对主要内容的提炼，第四段首句为“Famous football clubs are now trying to get in on the action.”（著名的足球俱乐部们现在也正尽力尝试加入这一行列），总领本段，接着举了英国足协（England’s Football Association）参与电子竞技的具体情况作为例子（文中提示词“for example”），综上，作者提及英国足协，目的就是印证本段第一句话，即：表明著名的足球俱乐部们正在加入到电子竞技的行列中来，故选D。
11．主旨大意题。本题要求为文章选用最佳标题，完成本题离不开对主旨大意的准确判断。纵观全文，作者围绕着“电子竞技”展开，讲述着它的过去、现在与将来，并且字里行间表明了这是一个欣欣向荣的行业。如第三段用大量数字说明这一产业的庞大，并说明其利润“continue to rise”（继续上升中），第四段“Famous football clubs are now trying to get in on the action.”（著名的足球俱乐部们现在也正尽力尝试加入到这一行列中），全文处处在说明着“The Rise of Esports”（电子竞技的腾飞），概括准确，A项是最佳标题。故选A，
Artificial intelligence (AI) still can’t see the future, but a new algorithm (算法) may come close: using nothing but written movie summaries, the AI can consistently tell which films will play well—or awfully—to critics and audiences. If the model can be further improved, it could one day help producers predict whether a movie will be a failure at the box office, before it’s even made.
To test several models, researchers used plot summaries of 42,306 movies from all over the world, many collected from Wikipedia. The models broke the summaries by sentence and used something called sentiment (情感) analysis to analyze each one. Sentences considered “positive”, such as “Thor loves his hammer”, would receive a rating closer to positive one. And sentences that were considered “negative”, like “Thor gets in a fight” would be rated closer to negative one.
Generally, successful movies such as 1951’s Alice in Wonderland—which scored 80% on the movie-rating website Rotten Tomatoes—have frequent waves in sentiment; unsuccessful ones, such as 2009’s The Limits of Control, vary less. It’s not important whether the films begin or end happily, the researchers say. What’s important is that the sentiments change frequently.
The sentiment ratings in each summary were then simplified into a single score to reflect how often the sentiment changed. The researchers tested three different methods of arriving at a final score. All three could predict fairly accurately whether a movie would be unpopular, and one method worked especially well for guessing which thrillers and comedies reviewers would hate.
The methods were not as efficient at guessing which movies would succeed, but they still predicted the results more accurately than random chance. In the future, the researchers say their methods could be bettered to predict the amount a movie could earn at the box office and help producers decide which movies to invest in. The system’s fair judgment might give an advantage to less well-known writers, the researchers add. It could also potentially save the public from having to sit through films like Jaws: The Revenge, which online cities and audience alike rate as terrible.
12．How can AI help foresee the future of movies?
A．By testing plot models. B．By using sentiment analysis.
C．By writing summaries. D．By consulting critics and audiences.
13．What is the key factor for a successful movie according to the researchers?
A．A happy ending. B．Famous movie stars.
C．A well-known producer. D．Frequent sentiment changes.
14．What benefit will the methods possibly bring?
A．Helping producers invest wisely. B．Assessing a movie’s quality accurately.
C．Increasing box office earnings. D．Providing written summaries for critics.
15．What’s the researchers’ attitude to the model?
A．Doubtful. B．Cautious.
C．Optimistic. D．Ambiguous.
【答案】12．B13．D14．A15．C
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一种AI算法未来在电影制作预判断方面起到的作用。
12．细节理解题。根据第二段中“The models broke the summaries by sentence and used something called sentiment (情感) analysis to analyze each one. （这些模型会按句子打破摘要，并使用一种叫做情感分析的东西，来逐句进行分析）”可知，AI在预测未来电影时，是借助情感分析的方式来进行的，故选择B项。
13．推理判断题。根据第三段第一句“Generally, successful movies such as 1951’s Alice in Wonderland—which scored 80% on the movie-rating website Rotten Tomatoes—have frequent waves in sentiment（一般来说，成功的电影就如1951年的《爱丽丝梦游仙境》，该片在电影评级网站烂番茄上获得了80%的分数，就是有情感上的频繁波动）”可知，一部好的电影，关键是要有情感上的变化，故选择D项。
14．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“In the future, the researchers say their methods could be bettered to predict the amount a movie could earn at the box office and help producers decide which movies to invest in.（研究人员表示，在未来，他们的方法可以更好地预测电影的票房收入，并帮助制片人决定投资哪些电影）”可知，这些方法在将来能够帮助制片人预测和决定投资哪一部电影。故选择A项。
15．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“In the future, the researchers say their methods could be bettered to predict the amount a movie could earn at the box office and help producers decide which movies to invest in. The system’s fair judgment might give an advantage to less well-known writers, the researchers add. （研究人员表示，在未来，他们的方法可以更好的预测票房收入并帮助制片人决定投资哪部电影。这个系统的公平判断也能给那些不知名的作家一个有利的条件，研究人员补充说）”字里行间的“be bettered...”，“help...”，“give an advantage to...”，可知，作者对于AI的态度是乐观的，A. Doubtful怀疑的；B. Cautious谨慎的；C. Optimistic乐观的；D. Ambiguous模棱两可的。故选择C项。
阅读【湖北省武汉市部分重点中学2021-2022学年高三上学期8月联考】
Stagecoach Buses — Popular tickets
Dayrider
Travel as much as you like in one day.
With Stagecoach Dayrider bus tickets you can make as many journeys as you like for one day. They offer more value for money than buying a single or return, as you can travel on all Stagecoach buses within your chosen ticket zone. Buy tickets using the Stagecoach Bus App or buy on the bus. with contactless payments now available on all our buses, you don't need to worry about finding the correct change
Bus and Boat
Unlimited bus travel for one car in the selected zone, plus a boat ride
Explore the countryside on bus and then enjoy the fine mountain views from the comfort of a boat deck. You can board one of our many boats or steamers located at four of the districts most outstanding lakes. Stagecoach have combined bus boat tickets which are available for Coniston, Detwent Water, Ullswater and Windermere
Sightseeing Tickets
Never get lost and don't miss a thing.
Hop-on and hop-off all day as much as you like at any of the bus stops on the route and see all the best sights and attractions your chosen town or city has to offer. You'll also leam lots of history along the way from one of our expert guides
Student Tickets
Flexible student bus tickets
Are you a student and getting ready for the new term? You can travel for a lot less with Stagecoach's student bus tickets. You'll need a current student ID card with a photo to buy a Stagecoach student ticket. The name on your ID card will need to match the name on your ticket.

1．What is true about the “Dayrider” ticket?
A．You need the correct change to buy it.
B．You can use it to travel anywhere in the city.
C．It can be purchased with your mobile phone.
D．It can be used with any bus company.
2．If you want to go sightseeing around of the lake areas, which ticket is the most suitable?
A．Dayrider. B．Bus and Boat.
C．Sightseeing. D．Student tickets.
3．What is needed if you want to buy a student ticket?
A．A photo of yourself. B．Your name.
C．The bus app. D．Valid student ID．
【答案】1．C2．B3．D
【解析】本文为一篇应用文。文章介绍了旅行出售的几种不同的票。
1．细节理解题。根据Dayrider中Buy tickets using the Stagecoach Bus App or buy on the bus.( 使用Stagecoach巴士应用程序购买车票或在巴士上购买。)可知，可以用手机购买the“Dayrider”ticket。故选C项。
2．推理判断题。根据Bus and Boat中You can board one of our many boats or steamers located at four of the districts most outstanding lakes. (您可以登上我们众多船只中的一艘，或是位于四个地区中最杰出的湖泊的轮船。)可知，如果想环湖观光，公共汽车和船票最合适。故选B项。
3．细节理解题。根据Flexible student bus tickets中You'll need a current student ID card with a photo to buy a Stagecoach student ticket. The name on your ID card will need to match the name on your ticket.(你需要一张有照片的学生证才能买一张公共马车学生票。你的身份证上的名字需要和你的车票上的名字相匹配。)可知，如果你想买学生票，需要有效的学生证。故选D项。
【点睛】
细节理解题主要考查考生对文章中某一些特定细节或文章的重要实事的理解能力。它一般包括直接理解题和语义理解题两种。直接理解题的答案与原文直接挂钩，从阅读材料中可以找到。以本文第1小题为例，本题运用定位法：根据Dayrider中Buy tickets using the Stagecoach Bus App or buy on the bus. 可知，使用Stagecoach巴士应用程序购买车票或在巴士上购买。因此可以用手机购买the“Dayrider”ticket。故选C项。
Our brain doesn't know how to be happy, or even content. It simply lacks the genetic instructions to carry out that task. It knows how to do a million other less important things, from writing a letter to maintaining our balance; from appreciating the music of Bach to smelling a rose, but if you ask the brain to be happy, it simply doesn't know how to respond.
This is because the genetic code is only concerned with survival and reproduction, which happiness does not necessarily have anything to do with, and therefore belongs in a different aspect. Nature doesn't want us to always feel content and satisfied, let alone happy, as this would lower our guard against possible threats to our survival.
Happiness, as the Brazilian poet Vinicius de Moraes put it, is “like a feather flying in the air. It flies light, but not for very long.” It is so elusive that it has also been compared to a butterfly, which “when pursued, is always just beyond your grasp, but which, if you will sit down quietly, may alight upon you,” according to 19th-century American novelist Nathaniel Hawthorne. In any case, what is clear is that happiness is, at best, fleeting (飞逝的） and inconstant.
In this blog, we will look at the myth of happiness from many perspectives and, in the process, we will touch on topics such as happy personalities, the unhappy workings of the brain, evolution, dreams, and even fairy tales. I explore all these issues in detail in my book, which shares its title with this blog. Happiness is a crucial concept. We spend all of our lives pursuing it, so it deserves a very careful analysis.
We are determined by our biological design to experience mixed and messy emotions. But the silver lining is the knowledge that having difficult emotions doesn't represent a personal failure. The inevitable unhappiness that we all suffer from time to time is not a shortcoming that demands urgent repair. Far from it. This unhappiness is, in fact, what makes us human.
4．Why does our brain lack the genetic instructions to be happy?
A．Because being happy is less important than appreciating and creating art.
B．Because feeling good isn't one of our concerns in living a life.
C．Because we tend to be more aware of the threats when we are unhappy.
D．Because happiness has little to do with the continuation of a species.
5．What does the underlined word in paragraph 3 most probably mean?
A．Easy to expose. B．Difficult to achieve.
C．Unable to explain. D．Likely to remain.
6．The sentence“This unhappiness is, in fact, what makes us human.”means
A．Happiness is a significant concept.
B．The inevitable unhappiness is a great problem.
C．Our biological design doesn’t make us always feel happy.
D．We should pursue happiness in life.
7．What can we learn from the passage?
A．We should make happiness our top concern no matter what.
B．Negative emotions always require immediate attention.
C．We should accept difficult emotions as a natural part of life.
D．Social failures are more likely to be troubled by negative feelings.
【答案】4．D5．B6．C7．C
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了幸福的来之不易，要接受困难的情绪，把它作为生活的一部分。
4．细节理解题。根据第二段“This is because the genetic code is only concerned with survival and reproduction, which happiness does not necessarily have anything to do with, and therefore belongs in a different aspect.（这是因为遗传密码只与生存和繁衍有关，而幸福与生存和繁衍不一定有任何关系，因此属于不同的方面。）”可知，我们的大脑缺乏让我们快乐的基因指令是因为幸福与一个物种的延续没有什么关系。故选D。
5．词义猜测题。根据后文“when pursued, is always just beyond your grasp, but which, if you will sit down quietly, may alight upon you（当你追逐时，总是抓不到，但如果你安静地坐下来，它可能会落在你身上。）”通过这个比喻来形容幸福的来之不易，所以elusive指的是“难以实现的”意思。故选B。
6．句意理解题。根据最后一段“We are determined by our biological design to experience mixed and messy emotions.（我们的生理设计决定了我们要体验复杂而混乱的情绪。）”可猜测，这句话的意思是我们的生理设计并不总是让我们感到快乐。故选C。
7．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“But the silver lining is the knowledge that having difficult emotions doesn't represent a personal failure. The inevitable unhappiness that we all suffer from time to time is not a shortcoming that demands urgent repair.（但所幸的是，有困难的情绪并不代表个人的失败。我们都会时不时地遭受不可避免的不快乐，这并不是一个需要紧急修复的缺点。）”及全文可知，本文阐述的观点是要接受失败，乐观面对生活的困难并从中汲取养分。故选C。
Loneliness is a widespread problem with complex roots.
There has been a quiet pandemic developing while most people's attention has been on covid-19. The lockdown has worsened a problem that has been spreading in many developed nations for decades: loneliness.
It is a complex issue which covers not only social lives, but the way you work and the way you vote. Noreena Hertz, an academic, deals with the subject in an important new book, "The Lonely Century". Loneliness increases the risk of heart disease, strokes and dementia(痴呆症). Those who say they are lonely are likelier to be depressed five years later. In addition, lonely people can become more hostile towards others and more attracted to extremist politics.
Part of the problem stems from contemporary employment. Globally, two in five office workers feel lonely at work. This rises to three in five in Britain. Gig-economy(零工经济)jobs can leave people with insecure incomes and without the companionship of colleagues. The pandemic has made it more difficult to make, and maintain friendships, particularly for new employees.
Ms.Hertz points her finger at other recent developments. One of them is social media. The internet has led to much cyber-bullying (although it has also been a source of companionship during the lockdown). And people glued to their smartphones spend less time interacting socially.
Some changes in behavior are caused by individual choice. Before the pandemic no one was stopping people going to church or taking part in sports. They simply preferred to do other things. American fathers spend three times as much time with their children as they did in the 1960s. That is surely a welcome development.
So recreating a communal society may be difficult. When the pandemic ends, people may enjoy the chance to be with their neighbors and colleagues for a while. But the trend is clear. Technology means that people can get their entertainment at home, and work there, too. It is convenient but it also leads to loneliness.
8．What does the underlined phrase "a quiet pandemic" refer to in the second paragraph？
A．Covid-19.
B．Loneliness.
C．The lockdown.
D．A complex issue.
9．Why is the new book mentioned in Paragraph 3？
A．To show the seriousness of loneliness.
B．To advertise a new book.
C．To give an example of loneliness.
D．To introduce what to be discussed.
10．Which of the following is NOT one of the reasons for the trend of loneliness？
A．Contemporary employment.
B．Social media.
C．Individual choice.
D．Extremist politics.
11．Which of the following is the best title for the text？
A．Loneliness: Good or Not？
B．A Common Disease.
C．Loneliness: A Clear Trend.
D．Pandemic and Loneliness.
【答案】8．B9．A10．D11．C
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了孤独是一个普遍存在的问题，介绍了孤独产生的原因。
8．词义猜测题。根据划线词所在的句子“There has been a quiet pandemic developing while most people's attention has been on covid-19. The lockdown has worsened a problem that has been spreading in many developed nations for decades: loneliness.（在大多数人的注意力都集中在新型冠状病毒肺炎上的时候，一场悄无声息的流行病正在蔓延。封锁加剧了一个几十年来，在许多发达国家蔓延的问题: 孤独。）”可知，划线词指的是后文提到的“孤独”。A. Covid-19新型冠状病毒；B. Loneliness孤独；C. The lockdown封锁；D. A complex issue复杂的问题。故选B。
9．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“It is a complex issue which covers not only social lives, but the way you work and the way you vote. Noreena Hertz, an academic, deals with the subject in an important new book, "The Lonely Century". Loneliness increases the risk of heart disease, strokes and dementia(痴呆症). （这是一个复杂的问题，不仅涉及社会生活，还涉及你的工作方式和投票方式。诺丽娜•赫兹，一位学者，在一本重要的新书《孤独的世纪》中谈到了这个问题。孤独会增加患心脏病、中风和痴呆症的风险。）”可推知，第三段提到这本新书以显示孤独的严重性。故选A。
10．细节理解题。根据第四段“Part of the problem stems from contemporary employment.（部分问题源于当代就业）”；第五段“Ms. Hertz points her finger at other recent developments. One of them is social media.（赫兹女士还指出了其他最近的事态发展。其中之一就是社交媒体）”；以及第六段“Some changes in behavior are caused by individual choice.（行为上的一些变化是由个人选择引起的。）”可知，当代就业、社交媒体和个人选择都是导致孤独趋势的原因，即ABC都是原因，没有D项。故选D。
11．主旨大意题。阅读全文以及根据第一段“Loneliness is a widespread problem with complex roots.（孤独是一个普遍存在的问题，其根源很复杂。）”可知，本文主要讲述了孤独是一个普遍存在的问题。C项：Loneliness: A Clear Trend.（孤独:一个明显的趋势。）符合题意。故选C。
If humans were truly at home under the light of the moon and stars, we would go in darkness happily, the midnight world as visible to us as it is to the vast number of nocturnal(夜间活动的) species on this planet. Instead, we are diurnal creatures, with eyes adapted to living in the sun's light. This is a basic evolutionary fact, even though most of us don't think of ourselves as diurnal beings. Yet it's the only way to explain what we've done to the night: we've engineered it to receive us by filling it with light.
The benefits of this kind of engineering come with consequences—called light pollution—whose effects scientists are only now beginning to study. Light pollution is largely the result of bad lighting design, which allows artificial light to shine outward and upward into the sky. Ⅲ­designed lighting washes out the darkness of night and completely changes the light levels—and light rhythms—to which many forms of life, including ourselves, have adapted. Wherever human light spills into the natural world, some aspect of life is affected.
In most cities the sky looks as though it has been emptied of stars, leaving behind a vacant haze(霾) that mirrors our fear of the dark. We've grown so used to this orange haze that the original glory of an unlit night—dark enough for the planet Venus to throw shadows on Earth—is wholly，beyond our experience, beyond memory almost.
We've lit up the night as if it were an unoccupied country, when nothing could be further from the truth. Among mammals alone, the number of nocturnal species is astonishing. Light is a powerful biological force, and on many species it acts as a magnet (磁铁). The effect is so powerful that scientists speak of songbirds and seabirds being “captured” by searchlights on land or by the light from gas flares on marine oil platforms. Migrating at night, birds tend to collide with brightly lit tall buildings.
Frogs living near brightly lit highways suffer nocturnal light levels that are as much as a million times brighter than normal, throwing nearly every aspect of their behaviour out of joint, including their night­time breeding choruses. Humans are no less trapped by light pollution than the frogs. Like most other creatures, we do need darkness. Darkness is as essential to our biological welfare, to our internal clockwork, as light itself.
Living in a glare of our own making, we have cut ourselves off from our evolutionary and cultural heritage—the light of the stars and the rhythms of day and night. In a very real sense, light pollution causes us to lose sight of our true place in the universe, to forget the scale of our being, which is best measured against the dimensions of a deep night with the Milky Way—the edge of our galaxy—arching overhead.
12．What does “it”(Paragraph 1) most probably refer to?
A．The moon. B．The night.
C．The sky. D．The planet.
13．The writer mentions birds and frogs to ________.
A．provide examples of animal protection
B．show how light pollution affects animals
C．compare the living habits of both species
D．explain why the number of certain species has declined
14．It is implied in the last paragraph that ________.
A．light pollution does harm to the eyesight of animals
B．light pollution has destroyed some of the world heritages
C．human beings cannot go to the outer space
D．human beings should reflect on their position in the universe
15．What might be the best title for the passage?
A．The magic light B．The disappearing night
C．The dimensions of a deep night D．The rhythms of nature
【答案】12．B13．B14．D15．B
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了现代人类设计了人造光改变了宇宙自然平衡，描述了光污染对人与动物造成的危害。
12．词义猜测题。根据第一段划线词前半句“Yet it's the only way to explain what we've done to the night:（然而，这是我们对夜晚所做的唯一解释：）”可知，我们设计了光，让光充满夜晚。由此可知it指代前面的night，故选B。
13．推理判断题。根据第四段“Migrating at night, birds tend to collide with brightly lit tall buildings.（鸟类在夜间迁徙时，往往会与明亮的高楼相撞）”以及第五段“Humans are no less trapped by light pollution than the frogs.（人类和青蛙一样受困于光污染）”可推断，作者提到鸟类和青蛙来说明光污染是如何影响动物的。故选B。
14．推理判断题。根据最后一段“In a very real sense, light pollution causes us to lose sight of our true place in the universe, to forget the scale of our being, which is best measured against the dimensions of a deep night with the Milky Way—the edge of our galaxy—arching overhead.（从非常真实的意义上说，光污染使我们看不见自己在宇宙中的真实位置，忘记了我们自身的规模，而这个规模是最好的衡量标准，是用银河系——我们星系的边缘——拱形的头顶上的黑夜的维度来衡量的）”可推断，最后一段暗示人类应该反思自己在宇宙中的位置。故选D。
15．主旨大意题。根据全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了现代人类设计了人造光改变了宇宙自然平衡，描述了光污染对人与动物造成的危害。再结合第一段的“Yet it's the only way to explain what we've done to the night:we've engineered it to receive us by filling it with light.（然而，这是我们对夜晚所做的唯一解释：我们通过让它充满我们设计的光来接受我们”）可知，“正在消失的夜空”可以作为本文的最佳标题。故选B。
阅读【重庆市西南大学附属中学2021-2022学年高三上期开学考试】
The University of Adelaide employs a full-time staff of fire prevention professionals. They inspect all campus buildings and maintain all sprinkler systems, fire alarms and fire extinguishers. They also provide educational programs on fire safety in the residence hall. Whenever you move to a new area, you should locate the fire alarm pull stations and the two exits nearest your room.
Fire Alarms
The floors of all campus buildings are equipped with manual fire alarm systems which include fire alarm pull stations and pipes. Most are also equipped with automatic fire alarm systems consisting of heat detectors, smoke detectors and sprinklers. For your safety, never toy with these systems. False fire alarms are illegal and may lead to imprisonment.
Fire Drills
A fire drill will be conducted in your residence hall every semester. During a fire drill, please do the following:
·Take your room key and ID．Close and lock the door to your room.
·Exit immediately from the nearest emergency exit and do not use a lift.
·Meet outside of your residence hall and wait for further instructions.
Fire Extinguishers
Fire extinguishers are located on each floor and in each apartment. Use a fire extinguisher only if you have been trained to do so. Irresponsible use of a fire extinguisher can create a dangerous situation for other residents and could result in damage to personal property. Misuse of a fire extinguisher will result in fines.
Smoke Detector
A smoke detector is on the ceiling in your room. Some buildings also have heat detectors on the ceilings. Do the following to ensure the safe operation of your smoke detector:
· If your smoke detector is working properly, the red light should be on. If the red light is not blinking, contact residence hall staff immediately.
·Do not cover or block your smoke detector in any way. If a smoke detector sets off an alarm and there is no fire or smoke, inform your hall staff.
1．What is the main duty of the fire prevention professionals?
A．To provide part-time jobs for students.
B．To lead the students to the nearest exits.
C．To check and maintain fire prevention equipment.
D．To train teachers to be fire prevention professionals.
2．In a fire drill, the students should .
A．rush quickly to a lift
B．gather at the nearest exit
C．shut the door and leave at once
D．wait for instructions in the hall
3．To ensure the safe operation of the smoke detector, one should .
A．contact the hall staff regularly
B．cover the things that burn easily
C．start the smoke detector in a fire
D．make certain the red light is working
【答案】1．C2．C3．D
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些防火信息，包括火灾警报、防火演练、灭火器和烟雾探测器的注意事项。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“They inspect all campus buildings and maintain all sprinkler systems, fire alarms and fire extinguishers.(他们检查校园里的所有建筑物，并维护所有的自动喷水灭火系统、火警警报器以及灭火器)”可知，防火专业人员的主要职责是检查和保养防火设备。故选C。
2．细节理解题。根据Fire Drills部分中的“Take your room key and ID. Close and lock the door to your room. Exit immediately from the nearest emergency exit and do not use a lift.(带上你的房间钥匙和身份证。关好房间的门并锁上。立即从最近的紧急出口离开，不要使用电梯)”可知，在防火演练中，学生们应该关上房门迅速离开。故选C。
3．推理判断题。根据 Smoke Detector部分中的“If your smoke detector is working properly, the red light should be on.(如果烟雾探测器正常工作，红灯应该是亮的)”可推知，为了保证烟雾探测器的安全运行，必须确保红灯能正常亮起。故选D。
A while back I caught a news report on something called ―couch surfing and the network of trusting souls who make this phenomenon possible. They offer to put up travelers free of charge and help them on their ways. At first, it sounded unbelievable. I mean, inviting strangers into one’s home for one or two nights? Give me a break.
However, I was intrigued. I decided to find it out. The only way to truly learn about this phenomenon was to dive in. So I planned a trip to Finland, a country I’ve always wanted to explore. I would couch surf at every stop there.
If ever any anxiety existed when stepping into the unknown, it disappeared when my first host met me at the train station. Ari looked like my idea of a typical Finn: tall and blue-eyed. Finns were also supposed to be famously reserved (寡言少语的). Ari was anything but. He was a live wire, giving me a warm welcome and walking with me to his apartment, where he showed me the sleeper sofa, served me tea, and engaged me in warm conversations. He also handed me a key to come and go as I pleased.
If this was what couch surfing was all about—trust and friendship—then I had gotten off to a good start. As I boarded my next train to continue my journey, I began to think about this couch-surfing idea. What encouraged these people to open their homes to strangers? I concluded that there was a desire to lend a hand to like-minded folks who might enrich their own lives.
Seven cities in 14 days. Seven hosts. Seven new friends. If couch surfing taught me anything, it’s this: Most people are good and generous. Where will couch surfing take me next? Who knows? But I can’t wait to find out.
4．Which of the following best explains the underlined word in the second paragraph?
A．relaxed. B．bored.
C．interested. D．pleased.
5．What can we know about Ari?
A．He was reserved like most Finns.
B．He talked less but he was friendly.
C．He treated the author as a friend.
D．He saw off the author at the train station.
6．Why did people offer couch surfing to strangers?
A．To take an adventure with strangers.
B．To exchange houses for a short time.
C．To learn more about others’ family lives.
D．To enrich their own lives by helping others.
7．What can be the best title for the text?
A．Travel on Trust and Couches
B．A Free Travel in Finland
C．Experiences in Strangers’ Houses
D．A Plan for Couch Surfing
【答案】4．C5．C6．D7．A
【解析】本文为一篇记叙文。记叙了我在探索“沙发冲浪”时获得了友情和信任。
4．词义猜测题。根据 “However, I was intrigued.I decided to find it out.”，推断此处我应该对沙发冲浪很感兴趣，故推断“intrigued”与“interested”具有相同含义。故选C项。
5．细节理解题。根据第四段“If this was what couch surfing was all about—trust and friendship—then I had gotten off to a good start.”，作者认为作者和Ari已经有了信任与友谊，Ari把作者当作朋友。故选C项。
6．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“I concluded that there was a desire to lend a hand to like-minded folks who might enrich their own lives.”作者得出结论向陌生人提供沙发冲浪是为了通过帮助别人来丰富自己的生活。故选D项。
7．主旨大意题。结合全文，文章记叙了我因为对沙发冲浪感兴趣，在探索中收获了信任与友谊。A项“靠信任与沙发进行旅行”符合文章主旨。故选A项。
Humans’ overconsumption of resources is a leading contributor to global climate change, says University of Arizona researcher Sabrina Helm. Therefore, it’s increasingly important to understand the choices consumers make and how those decisions affect the health of a planet with limited resources. In a new study, published in the journal Young Consumers, Helm and her colleagues explore how materialistic(物质享乐主义的) values influence pro-environmental behaviors in millennials, who are now the nation’s most influential group of consumers.
The researchers focused on two main categories of pro-environmental behaviors: reduced consumption, which includes actions like repairing instead of replacing older items; and “green buying,” or purchasing products designed to limit environmental impacts. The researchers also looked at how engaging in pro-environmental behaviors affects consumer well-being.
More materialistic participants, the researchers found, were unlikely to engage in reduced consumption. However, materialism did not seem to have an effect on their likelihood of practicing “green buying.” That’s probably because “green buying,” unlike reduced consumption, still offers a way for materialists to fulfill their desire to get new items, Helm said.
Study participants who reported having fewer materialistic values were much more likely to engage in reduced consumption. Consuming less was, in turn, linked to higher personal well-being and lower psychological suffering. Green buying—which may have some positive environmental effects, although to a smaller degree than reduced consumption—was not found to improve consumer well- being, Helm said.
The take-home message for consumers: “The key is to reduce consumption and not just buy green stuff. Having less and buying less can actually make us more satisfied and happier,” Helm said. “If you have a lot of stuff, you have a lot on your mind,” she said. “For example, it requires maintenance and there’s a lot of burdens of ownership, and if you relieve yourself of that burden of ownership, most people report feeling a lot better and freer.”
Understanding how materialistic values impact consumer behaviors, and how those behaviors in turn affect personal and environmental well-being, is important, Helm said. However, she acknowledges that for many consumers, shifting behaviors to be more financially proactive and consume less will be challenging.
8．What do we know about pro-environmental behaviors?
A．They are a cause of climate change.
B．They are categorized by purchasing preference.
C．They vary in different age groups.
D．They are affected by materialism.
9．It can be learned from Helm’s study that ________.
A．ownership of green products brings a sense of happiness
B．green buying helps control people’s desire to buy new items
C．materialists prefer practicing green buying to buying less
D．buying less and green buying have similar effects on people
10．According to the study, which of the following can improve one’s well-being?
A．Replacing older items. B．Developing new resources.
C．Buying greener products. D．Being careful with expenses.
11．What is Helm probably going to explain in the next paragraph?
A．When people develop proactive financial behaviors.
B．Why it is hard to change people’s financial behaviors.
C．Which financial behaviors lead to mental well-being.
D．How materialistic values influence financial behaviors.
【答案】8．D9．C10．D11．B
【解析】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了享乐主义价值观如何影响千禧一代的环保行为。研究发现，偏向享乐主义的参与者不可能降低消费。享乐主义价值观对“绿色购买”行为没有影响。不偏向享乐主义的参与者更有可能降低消费。紧缩的消费与更高的个人幸福感和更少的心理痛苦有关。
8．细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“In a new study, published in the journal Young Consumers, Helm and her colleagues explore how materialistic values influence pro-environmental behaviors in millennials, who are now the nation’s most influential group of consumers.（赫尔姆和她的同事们在《年轻消费者》杂志上发表了一项新研究，探讨了物质价值观如何影响千禧一代的环保行为。千禧一代现在是美国最有影响力的消费者群体。）”可知，环保行为是受到享乐主义价值观的影响，文中并未提及不同年龄、气候变化成因以及通过购买偏好分组的相关信息，故选D项。
9．推理判断题。根据第三段第一句和第二句“More materialistic participants, the researchers found, were unlikely to engage in reduced consumption. However, materialism did not seem to have an effect on their likelihood of practicing “green buying.” （研究人员发现，偏享乐主义的参与者不太可能减少消费。然而，享乐主义价值观似乎对他们进行“绿色购买”的可能性没有影响。）”可知，根据Helm的研究，享乐主义者更倾向于进行绿色购买而不是减少消费。Helm的研究不能推断出：购买环保产品能带来幸福感，因此排除A项；文中未提及绿色购买行为帮助控制人们购买新产品的欲望，因此排除B项；D选项中与文中观点相悖，减少消费和绿色购买对人的作用是不一样的，因此排除D项。故选C项。
10．细节理解题。根据第四段第二句“Consuming less was, in turn, linked to higher personal well-being and lower psychological suffering. （反之，消费的减少与更高的个人幸福感和更少的心理痛苦有关。）”以及第五段第二句“Having less and buying less can actually make us more satisfied and happier（拥有更少和购买更少实际上可以让我们更满足和更快乐）”可知，紧缩的消费会有更高的幸福感，因此根据文中的研究结果，与幸福感相关的项目不涉及：换新、开发新资源以及购买绿色产品，排除A、B和C项，故选D项。
11．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Understanding how materialistic values impact consumer behaviors, and how those behaviors in turn affect personal and environmental well-being, is important...However, she acknowledges that for many consumers, shifting behaviors to be more financially proactive and consume less will be challenging.（理解享乐主义价值观如何影响消费者行为，以及这些行为如何反过来影响个人和环境福祉，是很重要的，然而，她承认，对于许多消费者来说，改变自己的行为，在财务上更加主动，减少消费将是一项挑战。）”可知，文中最后一段出现转折，提出了关于享乐主义价值观如何影响财务行为的新观点。故选B项。
Faced with a declining population and shrinking workforce, Japan has been increasingly turning to robots for help. Over the years, the androids have been employed to perform a large number of human tasks, including building products and providing care and companionship for the elderly. The latest addition to the Japanese “workforce” may be Model-T. Designed by Telexistence Inc., this seven-foot- tall robot is currently undergoing trials restocking sandwiches, drinks, and ready meals on shelves at select locations of local convenience store chains Lawson and FamilyMart.
Telexistence has received funding from technology investment company Softbank Group and cell phone service operator KDDI in Japan, with overseas investors including European passenger aircraft maker Airbus Ventures. It named its robot Model-T, a nod to the Ford Motor car that began the age of mass motoring a century ago.
Model-T, whose face somewhat resembles that of a kangaroo, is certainly not the first restocking robot. However, the warehouse robots currently being used by companies, like Walmart and Amazon, are only able to accomplish single, repetitive tasks, such as carrying boxes. Model-T, on the other hand, has a wide range of movement and can be used to restock objects of various sizes, making it ideal for convenience and grocery stores, which sell a large variety of items.
“It is able to grasp or pick and place objects of several different shapes and sizes into different locations, ” Matt Satsuma, head of business development and operations at Telexistence Inc., told CNN Business. However, Model-T is not autonomous. Instead, it is operated by human “pilots” wearing a virtual reality(VR) headset and special gloves, which allow them to feel the product the robot is holding in their hands and guide it to the right shelf. Since the video connection between the robot and the human operator has a mere 50 milliseconds delay, the navigation process is seamless. Telexistence says the VR-controlled androids are easier to develop and maintain. They are also ten times cheaper than autonomous robots, which require complex programming.
Though Model-T appears to have passed the trials, it is not quite ready to enter the labor force. Besides being a lot slower than human labour, it is also only capable of lifting packaged items, and cannot grasp loose items such as fruits and vegetables. Telexistence hopes to introduce a faster Model- T within the next two years.
12．What is the main driving factor for the invention of Model-T?
A．The demands of senior citizens. B．The development of technology.
C．The shortage of labour force. D．The appeal of convenience stores.
13．What’s the hidden message behind the name Model-T?
A．It is an updated version of Ford Motor. B．It may create a new age like Ford Motor.
C．Its bond with Ford Motor is inseparable. D．Its design is as fashionable as Ford Motor.
14．What can we learn about Model-T according to Paragraph 4?
A．It doesn’t need maintenance. B．It performs tasks automatically.
C．It requires complex programming. D．It depends largely on human’s operation.
15．What is mainly discussed about Model-T in the last paragraph?
A．Its limitations. B．Its working principle.
C．Its applications. D．Its exciting prospect.
【答案】12．C13．B14．D15．A
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了日本发明的一款名为Model-T的机器人，因其移动范围广，可用于补充各种大小的物品，使其成为便利店和杂货店的理想选择。文章介绍了这款机器人的一些优点以及局限性。
12．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Faced with a declining population and shrinking workforce, Japan has been increasingly turning to robots for help. Over the years, the androids have been employed to perform a large number of human tasks, including building products and providing care and companionship for the elderly. The latest addition to the Japanese “workforce” may be Model-T.(面对人口下降和劳动力减少的问题，日本越来越多地求助于机器人。多年来，机器人已经被用于执行大量的人类任务，包括建造产品，为老年人提供照顾和陪伴。日本“劳动力”的最新成员可能是Model-T)”可知，Model-T发明的主要驱动因素是劳动力短缺。故选C。
13．细节理解题。根据第二段中“It named its robot Model-T, a nod to the Ford Motor car that began the age of mass motoring a century ago.(该公司将其机器人命名为Model-T，以纪念一个世纪前开启了大规模驾驶时代的福特汽车)”可知，Model-T名称背后隐藏的信息是它可能会创造一个像福特汽车一样的新时代。故选B。
14．细节理解题。根据第四段中“However, Model-T is not autonomous. Instead, it is operated by human “pilots” wearing a virtual reality(VR) headset and special gloves, which allow them to feel the product the robot is holding in their hands and guide it to the right shelf.(然而，Model-T不是自动的。相反，它由戴着虚拟现实头盔和特殊手套的人类“领航员”来操作，这些设备让他们能够感受到机器人手中拿着的产品，并引导它到正确的货架上)”可知，Model-T很大程度上取决于人类的操作。故选D。
15．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Though Model-T appears to have passed the trials, it is not quite ready to enter the labor force. Besides being a lot slower than human labour, it is also only capable of lifting packaged items, and cannot grasp loose items such as fruits and vegetables. Telexistence hopes to introduce a faster Model- T within the next two years.(尽管Model-T似乎已经通过了测试，但它还没有做好进入劳动力市场的准备。除了速度比人力慢很多之外，它还只能举起包装好的物品，不能抓取松散的物品，比如水果和蔬菜。Telexistence希望在未来两年内推出一款速度更快的Model- T)”可知，最后一段主要讨论了Model-T的局限性。故选A。