专题01阅读理解（第10期）-2022届新高考名校英语好题速递分项汇编

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专题01 阅读理解（第10期）-2022届新高考名校英语好题速递分项汇编
阅读理解【八省市（湖北省，广东省等）2021-2022学年高三上学期第一次联考】
Gold Fame Citrus
by Claire Vaye Watkins（$ 5.99）
With the flight of its characters through a landscape destroyed by climate crisis, this novel does not indicate much hopefulness for the future. Within it is a series of situations and consequences made more severe in a future California short of water. Across the desert. we follow Watkins' characters through a place so transformed that it needs its own field guide of animals newly adapted for strange survival.
The Ministry for the Future
by Kim Stanley Robinson（$ 18.1）
The Ministry for the Future is a masterpiece of the imagination, using fictional eyewitness accounts to tell the story of how climate will affect us all. Its setting is not a deserted world, but a future that is almost upon us. This extraordinary novel from the visionary science fiction writer will change the way you think about the climate crisis.
Breathing Fire
by Jaim Lowe（$ 27）
The front lines of the fight against climate change are peopled with those society has forgotten. Up to 30 percent of the firefighters battling wildfires in California each year are prisoners performing backbreaking labor while earning a 40th of what a civilian makes. This book follows six female prisoner firefighters and their worried families, looking into the human cost of environmental crisis.
Something Under the Sun
by Alexandra Kleeman（$ 28）
In Alexandra Kleeman's new novel, a novelist new to Los Angeles teams up with a former child actor to investigate a conspiracy（阴谋）. But this is L. A．, where wildfires burn all year long and the rich store water while the poor suffer from the consequence of climate crisis. Human weakness is pushing the city toward a disaster.
21．Which category does Breathing Fire fall into?
A．Science fiction. B．Play. C．Non-fiction. D．Biography.
22．What is Alexandra Kleeman?
A．A novelist. B．An actor. C．A firefighter. D．A minister.
23．What do the listed books have in common?
A．They are on sale. B．They show concern over climate.
C．They are intended for teenagers. D．They are set in California.
【答案】21．C22．A23．B
【解析】本文为一篇应用文，介绍了以气候危机为写作背景的四本书。
21．推理判断题。根据Breathing Fire中最后一句“This book follows six female prisoner firefighters and their worried families, looking into the human cost of environmental crisis.”（这本书描写了六名女囚犯消防员和她们忧心忡忡的家人，探讨了环境危机的人力成本。）可知，该书跟踪描写了6名女囚犯消防员的故事，所以应该是非虚构文学。故选C项。
22．推理判断题。根据Something Under the Sun中关键句“In Alexandra Kleeman's new novel, a novelist new to Los Angeles teams up with a former child actor to investigate a conspiracy.”（在亚历山德拉·克里曼的新小说中，一位刚到洛杉矶的小说家与一名前童星合作，调查一起阴谋。）可知Alexandra Kleeman是Something Under the Sun一书的作者，因此，他的职业是小说家。故选A项。
23．细节理解题。通览全文可知，每一本小说都是将气候危机(climate crisis)作为写作背景，因此，它们都展示了作者对于气候危机的担忧和思考。故选B项。
What could driving a race car and pointing a camera at the Milky Way have in common? More than you might imagine. Race car driver Bubba Wallace and photographer Batak Tefreshi journeyed together to remote Gooseberry Mesa for an adventure aimed at capturing the night sky.
Gooseberry Mesa, far from population centers, is protected from the nighttime light pollution making it perfect for star photographers. Nature night environments such as this are rare.
Camping, hiking, and shooting stars in mountainous Mesa highlight the similarity between photography and racing. Bubba notes, “Once you fire up the engine there’s no turning back-I know I’ll be in that scat for more than three hours.” Batak agrees, “I have the same feeling as soon as I touch the wheel of my camera-I’m ready to continue through the entire night.” For Bubba, developing patience allowed him to mature as a driver and is equally essential to his photography.
Seizing the moment is crucial too. “Every minute things are changing-the Earth’s shadow, the moonlight, the rise of stars, ” Batak explains. “If you lose the moment, it’s gone forever.” Bubba finds the physical and mental demands of racing as crucial when travelling in Utah’s rugged landscapes under freezing temperatures.
Think incoming clouds, wind, or mist will ruin your chance at a perfect shot? According to Batak. “With wide-angle nightscapes every unexpected weather condition can be an opportunity. Our photos show oranges and blues around the moon you wouldn’t see under a clear sky.”
The team discovered shared interests that go beyond photography. “We’re both passionate about bringing cultures together and using our work to break down boundaries,”says Batak. “The night sky has a unifying power. The sky connects the whole world under one umbrella.”
24．Why did Bubba and Batak choose Gooseberry Mesa?
A．It has a small population. B．It has ideal weather conditions.
C．It is free from light pollution. D．It has a magnificent landscape.
25．Which is required in both car racing and photography?
A．Willpower. B．Teamwork. C．Bravery. D．Creativity.
26．What does Batak think of unexpected weather as a photographer?
A．Annoying. B．Disastrous. C．Favorable. D．Challenging.
27．Which may be a message behind the team’s photography work?
A．Appreciating the night sky. B．Connecting various cultures.
C．Removing racial boundaries. D．Protecting the environment.
【答案】24．C25．A26．C27．B
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了赛车手 Bubba Wallace 和摄影师 Batak Tefreshi 一起前往Gooseberry Mesa 进行一场旨在捕捉夜空美景的冒险经历。
24．细节理解题。根据第二段的“Gooseberry Mesa, far from population centers, is protected from the nighttime light pollution making it perfect for star photographers. Nature night environments such as this are rare.（Gooseberry Mesa 远离人口中心，不受夜间光污染的影响，非常适合星空摄影师。像这样的自然夜间环境很少见）”可知，Bubba 和 Batak 选择 Gooseberry Mesa的原因在于它没有光污染。故选C。
25．推理判断题。根据第三段的“Camping, hiking, and shooting stars in mountainous Mesa highlight the similarity between photography and racing. Bubba notes, “Once you fire up the engine there’s no turning back-I know I’ll be in that scat for more than three hours.” Batak agrees, “I have the same feeling as soon as I touch the wheel of my camera-I’m ready to continue through the entire night.” （在多山的Mesa露营、远足和拍摄星空突出了摄影和赛车之间的相似之处。Bubba指出，“一旦你发动引擎，就没有回头路，我知道我必须坐上三个小时以上”。Batak 表示同意，“我一摸到相机就有同样的感觉，我就要准备好整夜奋战了”）”可知，第三段首句点明了赛车和摄影的相似之处。开车的Bubba和拿起相机的Batak 都需要长时间地坚持下去来捕捉美丽的夜景，即赛车和摄影都需要的是毅力。故选A。
26．推理判断题。根据第五段中的“With wide-angle nightscapes every unexpected weather condition can be an opportunity. Our photos show oranges and blues around the moon you wouldn’t see under a clear sky. （在广角夜景中，每一个意想不到的天气状况都可能是一个机会。我们的照片显示了在晴朗的天空下看不到的月亮周围的橙色和蓝色）”推知，Batak认为不可预测的天气状况对于摄影者来说是利好的现象。故选C。
27．推理判断题。根据第六段中的“We’re both passionate about bringing cultures together and using our work to break down boundaries.（我们都热衷于将文化融合在一起，并利用我们的工作打破界限）”推知，该团队摄影工作所传达的一个信息是：是融合各种不同的文化。故选B。
In gardens across Britain the grass has stopped growing, which is not drought-stricken. In fact, it is greener and cleaner than ever before. That is because the lawns(草坪)are actually artificial substitutes.
Britons are fascinated by lawns. Country estates(庄园)have long competed to have the most perfectly cut and polished grassland. “What you’re saying in big loud capital letters, is ‘I’m so terribly wealthy’” says Fiona Davison of the RHS(皇家园林协会). With the coming of grass-cutting machines in 1830, the middle classes joined the fun.
But now Britons have fallen in love with artificial grass. Evergreens UK, which sells the stuff, says it has seen a 120% rise in sales since 2015. Artificial grass is popular with families who have children or dogs and don’t want mud dragged through their houses. It has another charm factor, too—people now see gardens as “outside rooms”—pairing carpets of artificial grass with delicately decorated seating and hot containers.
Not everyone is a fan. Artificial grass contains microplastics that ruin soil and risk flooding. A study finds carthworms gain 14% less body weight when operating under rubber, a form of artificial grass, which might not be a problem for its fans, as wormholes are regular disgusting things, but it disappoints green types. Ms Davison says a group of wildlife-loving gardeners is blooming, many having caught the bug during COVID-19 lockdowns. For example, a landscape designer says they like things less neat and try “to capture that wild clement”. These cco-gardeners are influenced by rewilding projects and are more likely to be environmentalists.
While three written documents signed by many people have tried to stop artificial grass spreading, the government says regulating what people do in their backyards is wrong. The RHS is concerned about artificial grass, but prefers persuasion to laws. “We say ‘Let a hundred flowers bloom’,” says Ms Davison.
28．What can be inferred from Davison’s remark in paragraph 2?
A．She is very rich. B．The gardening competition is fierce.
C．Operating a cutting machine is fun. D．High-quality grassland is greatly valued.
29．What possibly contributes to the popularity of artificial grass?
A．Advertising campaigns. B．Gardens’ new function.
C．Messy grasslands. D．Ill-mannered children and dogs.
30．What does the underlined word “bug” mean in the fourth paragraph?
A．Interest. B．Earthworm. C．Flower. D．Virus.
31．Which of the following is a suitable title of the text?
A．The barrier of British grassland
B．The appeal of grassland for Britons
C．The fight to define the great British garden
D．The competition to become the best grassland
【答案】28．D29．B30．A31．C
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了英国人对草坪着迷，不过真草皮和人造草皮都有粉丝，政府和园林协会到底支持哪一方并不明确，这个争论仍将持续下去。
28．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Britons are fascinated by lawns. Country estates have long competed to have the most perfectly cut and polished grassland. What you’re saying in big loud capital letters, is ‘I’m so terribly wealthy’（英国人对草坪着迷。乡村庄园长期以来一直在比拼谁拥有最完美切割和打磨的草坪。你在大肆宣扬的是‘我真是太富有了！’）”可知，人们觉得拥有完美草坪就是一种富有, 说明人们很重视此事，即高品质的草坪备受推崇。故选D。
29．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Artificial grass is popular with families who have children or dogs and don’t want mud dragged through their houses. It has another charm factor, too—people now see gardens as “outside rooms”—pairing carpets of artificial grass with delicately decorated seating and hot containers.（人造草坪很受有孩子或狗的家庭的欢迎，他们不想让泥土进入他们的房子。它还有另一个魅力因素：人们现在将花园视为“室外房间”，将人造草地毯与装饰精美的座椅和热容器配对）”可知，人造草坪可以避免孩子和狗把泥巴带入到房间里弄脏地面以及它可以充当室外房间的功能有助于人造草坪的普及，即花园的新功能有助于人造草坪的普及。故选B。
30．词义猜测题。根据第四段的“Ms Davison says a group of wildlife-loving gardeners is blooming.（Ms Davison说热爱野生动物的做园艺活的人越来越多）”可知，这些人是在疫情封锁期间开始对做园艺活感兴趣的，因此interest一词可以解释划线词。catch the interest：勾起（某人的）兴趣。故选A。
31．主旨大意题。根据第三段的“But now Britons have fallen in love with artificial grass. （但现在英国人已经爱上了人造草）”可知，人造草皮有它的粉丝；根据第四段的“Not everyone is a fan. （不是每个人都是粉丝）”可知，有的人并不喜欢人造草皮；由此可知，真草皮和人造草皮都有粉丝。根据最后一段“While three written documents signed by many people have tried to stop artificial grass spreading, the government says regulating what people do in their backyards is wrong. The RHS is concerned about artificial grass, but prefers persuasion to laws. “We say ‘Let a hundred flowers bloom’,” says Ms Davison.（虽然许多人签署的三份书面文件试图阻止人造草的蔓延，但政府表示，规范人们在后院的行为是错误的。皇家园林协会关注人造草，但更喜欢去做说服工作而不是采取法律手段解决问题。Ms Davison说：“就让百花齐放吧”！）”由此可知，政府和园林协会到底支持哪一方并不明确。因此C项（一场定义好的英国花园的斗争）可以作为标题。故选C。
When asked what his father did for a living, Mike explained to his kindergarten teacher that “he steals things, but it’s OK, because he gets paid to do it. ”
He isn’t wrong. His father is a hacker(黑客), who is proud of his job, just like doctors are proud of the work they do. Thanks to security researchers’ hacking practices, leaks in a new version of the most common Wi-Fi code standard(WPA3)were found before criminals could use them to break into home and business networks. In another case, criminals found an unknown weakness in Google’s Android operating systems before security researchers did, giving the bad guys full control of more than a dozen phone models.
However, finding Mike’s father’s personalized plates for his car with the word ‘HACKING’, an employee of the Texas Department of Motor Vehicles quickly took them away, claiming that a license plate displaying “HACKING” publicized criminal activity. While this reaction really isn’t the fault of the well-intentioned employee, it’s a sign of how a deeply rooted misrepresentation of his profession has created a fixed wrong image. It seems that the way that hackers are described in Hollywood has contributed to the word ‘hacker’ paralleling ‘criminal’, where hackers are often referred to as figures in dark rooms engaged in illegal activity while tapping at keyboards.
But actually, hacking is just an activity. What separates any activity from a crime is, very often, permission. People are free to drive, but they do not have permission to drive 150 miles per hour, which is a criminal offense. Since a driver is just a driver, why must a hacker be a criminal? Someone who engages in the illegal use of hacking should not be called a ‘bad hacker’ but a ‘cybercriminal’. Contrary to popular belief, most hackers like Mike’s father undoubtedly play an important role in keeping companies and people safe.
32．What did Mike’s son think of Mike’s job?
A．Admirable. B．Amazing. C．Acceptable. D．Annoying.
33．What does the second paragraph mainly talk about concerning the hackers’ job?
A．Its weakness. B．Its importance. C．Its variety D．Its security.
34．Why does the writer mention ‘Hollywood’ in paragraph 3?
A．To entertain the renders. B．To question the employee’s claim.
C．To clarify the concept of hacking. D．To trace the wrong image of hackers.
35．What message does the author really want to convey in the text?
A．Hacking mostly counts. B．Hacking is actually a crime.
C．Hacking is popular with people. D．Hacking needs licenses.
【答案】32．C33．B34．D35．A
【解析】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了“黑客”这份职业的重要性。
32．推理判断题。根据第一段“When asked what his father did for a living, Mike explained to his kindergarten teacher that“he steals things, but it's OK, because he gets paid to do it. ”（当被问及他的父亲是做什么的时候，迈克向他的幼儿园老师解释 说:“他偷东西，但没关系，因为他是为此而赚钱的。”）可知，Mike对于父亲的职业是认可的。故选C项。
33．主旨大意题。根据第二段“Thanks to security researchers’ hacking practices, leaks in a new version of the most common Wi-Fi code standard(WPA3)were found before criminals could use them to break into home and business networks. ”（多亏了安全研究人员的黑客实践。最新版本的最常见的Wi-Fi编码标准(WPA3)在犯罪分子利用其侵入家庭和商业网络之前就被发现了漏洞）可知，该段落主要在讲述“黑客”工作的重要性。故选B项。
34．推理判断题。从第三段最后一句话“It seems that the way that hackers are described in Hollywood has contributed to the word ‘hacker’ paralleling ‘criminal’, where hackers arc often referred to as figures in dark rooms engaged in illegal activity while tapping at keyboards. ”（看来，好莱坞对黑客的描述催生了“黑客”这个词，与“犯罪分子”同时出现。其中，黑客通常被称为那些在暗室里敲击键盘从事非法活动的人）可知, Hollywood中总是把“hackers”呈现为黑房子里用电脑犯罪的人物形象，因此导致人们对hackers的误解。因此提到“Hollywood”是为了追溯为什么会有这种误解。故选D项。
35．主旨大意题。根据全篇描述及最后一段“Contrary to popular belief, most hackers like Mike's father undoubtedly play an important role in keeping companies and people safe.”（与人们普遍认为的相反，大多数像迈克的父亲一样的黑客无疑在保护公司和人们的安全方面发挥着重要作用）可知，本文主要是为了说明大多数像Mike的父亲一样从事这份职业的黑客是非常重要的，他们保障人们和公司的安全。故选A项。
阅读理解【河北省保定市2021-2022学年高三上学期期末】
There are books that have climbed up the ladder of the bookshelf this month. Let’s have a look.
No Looking Back by Shivani Gupta
Twenty-two-year-old Shivani had thrown a party one evening and awoke the next morning in hospital. Despite paralyzed (瘫痪) and wheelchair-bound, Shivani refused to give up. She wouldn’t let her inability to walk keep her from achieving her ambitions. This book is an inspiring tale about surviving the challenges of disability.
Courage Beyond Compare by Sanjay Sharma
The 10 sportsmen in the book are champions in diverse disciplines like athletics, swimming and badminton. They overcame physical limitations to reach the top of their chosen fields. Powerful and inspiring, these stories are heart-warming reminders that a strong mind and great determination almost always overcome the limitations of the human body.
Face to Face by Ved Mehta
Blind since the age of four, the author led a lonely childhood in India until he was accepted to the Arkansas School for the blind. The school changed his life. He got degrees at Oxford and Harvard and a successful writing career. This is the author’s autobiography touching upon his childhood, blindness and remaking himself.
This Star Won’t Go Out by Esther Earl
Diagnosed with cancer at the age of 12, Esther Earl was a very bright and talented, but very normal teenager. She lived a hope-filled and generous life as her physical condition declined. This autobiography collects her journals, fiction and letters. The photographs and essays offered by her friends also help to tell her story.
1．Which book is about some athletes’ stories?
A．No Looking Back. B．Face to Face.
C．Courage Beyond Compare. D．This Star Won’t Go Out.
2．What is special about This Star Won’t Go Out?
A．It is about a patient’s experience.
B．Some of its material is from her friends.
C．It mentions its author’s childhood life.
D．Its author had a successful writing career.
3．What do the four books have in common?
A．The authors are disabled.
B．The readers are mainly children.
C．They are stories about the authors.
D．They talk about some inspiring tales.
【答案】1．C2．B3．D
【解析】本文为一篇应用文。文章是四本书畅销书的简介。
1．细节理解题。根据Courage Beyond Compare by Sanjay Sharma中关键句“The 10 sportsmen in the book are champions in diverse disciplines like athletics, swimming and badminton.(书中10名运动员是田径、游泳、羽毛球等各领域的冠军)”可知，Courage Beyond Compare这本书描述了关于运动员的故事。故选C项。
2．细节理解题。根据This Star Won’t Go Out by Esther Earl中关键句“This autobiography collects her journals, fiction and letters. The photographs and essays offered by her friends also help to tell her story. (这本自传收集了她的日记、小说和信件。朋友们提供的照片和文章也有助于讲述她的故事)”可知，This Star Won’t Go Out这本书的特殊之处在于其中一些材料来自主人公的朋友。故选B项。
3．推理判断题。根据No Looking Back by Shivani Gupta中关键句“This book is an inspiring tale about surviving the challenges of disability. (这本书是一个鼓舞人心的故事，讲述了如何战胜残疾的挑战)”；Courage Beyond Compare by Sanjay Sharma中关键词“Powerful and inspiring(有能量的和鼓舞人心的)”；Face to Face by Ved Mehta中关键句“This is the author’s autobiography touching upon his childhood, blindness and remaking himself. (这是作者的自传，描写了他的童年，失明以及自我改造)”及This Star Won’t Go Out by Esther Earl中关键句“She lived a hope-filled and generous life as her physical condition declined. (虽然身体状况的恶化，但是她过着充满希望和丰富的生活)”可知，四本书的共同之处在于它们都讲述了鼓舞人心的故事。故选D项。
Two teens from Mount Juliet, Tennessee, went viral (走红) when they put their lives on line to save a 3-year-old girl.
One night, Dalaurence Holland, 15, and Zech Krinjnic, 13, were sitting and talking on Zech’s porch. It was pretty late, and the sky was dark. There were no adults or parents around, so the teens were just chatting and enjoying the fresh air. At about 10:15 pm, they were surprised to see a figure emerging from the bushes below. At first, they thought it was a fox or some other kind of animal. But they didn’t want anything to end up dead.
Dropping their conversation, the two rushed towards the animal hoping to save it. But when they got closer, they realized it wasn’t an animal — it was a 3-year-old girl heading straight for a busy highway. The boys hadn’t realized it was a little girl at first but now, time stood still. The little girl was all alone and there wasn’t an adult in sight. But what was even worse, they soon realized, there was a truck coming directly her way.
Both teens raced for the little girl, but Dalaurence got there first. There was no hesitation in either of their actions as they put their lives on the line. Dalaurence raced into the road, reaching the little girl just seconds before she would have been hit by the rushing truck. Luckily for the little girl, he snatched her out of the way just in time.
Thanks to Dalaurence and Zech’s heroic actions, the little girl’s life was saved. It’s unclear why the girl was on the road by herself. As for Dalaurence and Zech, the two boys received a flood of praises when their story went viral online. Later, Mount Juliet officials even gave them a key to the city in honor of their good deed. Thank goodness the brave teens were in the right place, at the right time.
4．What were the two boys doing when they saw a figure?
A．Having a conversation.
B．Running on the porch.
C．Waiting for adults to come.
D．Chatting about catching a fox.
5．What can we know from paragraph 3?
A．An animal was running after the little girl.
B．The girl stood still when the boys saw her.
C．The girl was in a dangerous situation.
D．A truck was coming directly the boys’way.
6．Which of the following can best describe the two boys?
A．Clever and generous.
B．Brave and responsive.
C．Devoted and enthusiastic.
D．Creative and humorous.
7．What may be the best title for the text?
A．Two boys were given a key to their city
B．Little girls needed looking after well
C．A little girl went viral on a busy highway
D．Two teenagers risked their lives to save a girl
【答案】4．A5．C6．B7．D
【解析】本文文章为一篇记叙文。讲述了两个青少年冒着生命危险从高速路上救下了一名3岁的女孩，当他们的英勇故事传到网上后，他们迅速走红。
4．细节理解题。从文章第二段“There were no adults or parents around, so the teens were just chatting and enjoying the fresh air. At about 10:15 pm, they were surprised to see a figure emerging from the bushes below（周围没有成年人和父母亲，所有这两名青少年在聊天，享受新鲜的空气。在大约10:15时，他们惊讶地看到一个身影，从下面的丛林出现）”可知，当身影出现的时候，这两个青少年正在聊天，故选A。
5．推理判断题。从文章第三段“The little girl was all alone and there wasn’t an adult in sight. But what was even worse, they soon realized, there was a truck coming directly her way（这个小女孩孤身一人，身边没有大人。他们很快意识到，更糟糕的是，一辆卡车正朝着小女孩驶来）”可知，小女孩正处于危险之中。故选C。
6．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“There was no hesitation in either of their actions as they put their lives on the line（他们冒着生命危险，毫不犹豫地采取行动）”以及“Dalaurence raced into the road, reaching the little girl just seconds before she would have been hit by the rushing truck（Dalaurence冲到路上，在女孩被快速驶来的卡车撞到之际，将她抓了回来）”可知，这两个青少年勇敢并且反应敏捷。故选B。
7．主旨大意题。根据文章总起段第一段“Two teens from Mount Juliet, Tennessee, went viral (走红) when they put their lives on line to save a 3-year-old girl（来自Mount Juliet, Tennessee的两个青少年在冒着生命危险救下一个三岁的小女孩后，迅速走红）”可知，本篇文章围绕着这个事件展开叙述。故选D。
Researchers have found multilingualism (多语言能力) is good for economy. Countries which actively encourage the development of different languages gain a range of rewards, from more successful exports to a more creative workforce.
“Language matters on a larger national level and at the level of smaller companies,” said Hogan-Brun, a researcher in language study. Switzerland, for example, owes 10% of its GDP to its multilingual background. The country has four national languages. Britain, on the other hand, is thought to lose about 3.5% of its GDP every year since 95% of its population speaks English, which is the primary language of the country.
What Hogan-Brun said is reasonable. Languages partly can help build trade relations. A study of small and medium-sized companies in Sweden and Germany found that those that invested more in languages were able to export more goods. German companies that invested heavily in multilingual staff added 10 export countries to their markets. Companies that invested less said they missed out on business deals.
Researchers have also long stressed the individual benefits of speaking more than one language. Several studies show that languages help promote earning power. According to a Canadian study, women and men who can speak several languages earn 3.6% and 6.6% more than their English-only colleagues respectively. The twist: This is true even if they don’t use their second language for work. “It seems that you don’t have to actually speak a second language on the job to receive the financial rewards,” said an economics professor. He thought that this was because knowing a second language was seen as a sign of power. Beyond these immediate economic rewards, languages can help a country’s workforce in long-term ways. Multilingualism has been shown to delay memory loss. It has also been associated with a better ability to concentrate and process information.
8．What can multilingual countries expect?
A．Large numbers of imported goods.
B．Productive workers with great creativity.
C．New chances of developing education.
D．Powerful comprehensive national power.
9．Why does the author want to show by listing the statistics in paragraph 2?
A．European countries are rich.
B．Language research is important.
C．The number of English speakers is increasing.
D．Multilingualism can promote national economic growth.
10．What does the author intend to do in paragraph 3?
A．Add some forecast information.
B．Introduce a new topic for discussion.
C．Support Hogan-Brun’s viewpoint.
D．Give some advice to small companies.
11．What can we learn from the text?
A．Women learn more languages than men.
B．Good native language is a sign of power.
C．Being multilingual benefits brain health.
D．Canadians prefer using their second language.
【答案】8．B9．D10．C11．C
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了多语言能力对经济发展的益处。
8．细节理解题。根据第一段“Countries which actively encourage the development of different languages gain a range of rewards, from more successful exports to a more creative workforce.(积极鼓励发展不同语言的国家获得一系列好处，从更成功的出口到更具创造性的劳动力)”可知，多语言国家有富有创造力的高效率工人。故选B项。
9．推理判断题。根据第二段“Switzerland, for example, owes 10% of its GDP to its multilingual background. The country has four national languages. Britain, on the other hand, is thought to lose about 3.5% of its GDP every year since 95% of its population speaks English, which is the primary language of the country. (例如，瑞士10%的GDP来自其多语言背景。这个国家有四种民族语言。另一方面，由于95%的英国人讲英语，这是英国的主要语言，因此人们认为英国每年损失约3.5%的GDP)”可推知，作者在第2段列出统计数字是为了说明使用多种语言可以促进国家经济增长。故选D项。
10．推理判断题。根据第三段“What Hogan-Brun said is reasonable. Languages partly can help build trade relations.(霍根·布伦所说的是合理的。语言在一定程度上有助于建立贸易关系)”可推知，作者在第三段中是在支持霍根-布伦的观点。故选C项。
11．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Multilingualism has been shown to delay memory loss. It has also been associated with a better ability to concentrate and process information. (多语已经被证明可以延缓记忆丧失。它还与更好地集中和处理信息的能力相关联)”可知，会说多种语言有益于大脑健康。故选C项。
Fossils discovered in Liaoning province have challenged the theory that the Archaeopteryx is the earliest known bird.
Research of the fossils led by Pascal Godefroit and his team from the Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences revealed that the dinosaur bird Aurornis xui, like the Archaeopteryx, existed nearly 150 million years ago. Godefroit told British-based Daily Mail, “The evolutionary development shows that dinosaur birds were already diversified in northern China during the Middle-Late Jurassic.”
The study, published in the journal Nature, showed that Aurornis xui was 50 cm in length and had tiny teeth used for hunting and defense, similar to other dinosaurs. Godefroit said the results support a “single origin of powered flight”, which suggests that all dinosaurs that became birds took flight around the same time, and eventually lost hunting and defensive features, like teeth, during adaptation.
Hu Dongyu, a professor at Shenyang Normal University, pointed out that fossils of some dinosaurs show that the legs initially had long feathers, which suggests they assisted wings in flight. “But the long feathers on the legs degenerated as the wings became strong enough. This is not the first time that fossil evidence has showed the evolution path from dinosaurs to birds,” said Hu. “The initial question was whether these dinosaur birds existed before the Archaeopteryx, but as we dig deeper into them, the age became irrelevant. And now the bone of contention is whether all these dinosaur birds are dinosaurs or birds.”
One fossil, found in Liaoning in 2009 and studied by scientists led by Xu Xing from the Chinese Academy of Sciences in Beijing, showed that the earliest dinosaur bird was Anchiornis huxleyi, a flying dinosaur that lived 160 million years ago. Another fossil studied by Xu and his colleagues, also believed to be a dinosaur bird, was named Xiaotingia zhengi. “Aurornis xui, Anchiornis huxleyi and Xiaotingia zhengi are similar dinosaur bird fossils,” Hu added. “The earlier research suggested that all dinosaur birds were dinosaurs, not birds. However, recent research suggests the opposite. So there is a long way to go to draw a conclusion.”
12．What is the topic of the text?
A．The origin of birds. B．The adaptability of birds.
C．The time when dinosaurs appeared. D．The reason why dinosaurs died out.
13．In what way was Aurornis xui similar to other dinosaurs?
A．The speed of its flight. B．The force of its defense.
C．The length of its feathers. D．The feature of its teeth.
14．What does the underlined part “the bone of contention” in paragraph 4 mean?
A．The bones of birds. B．The focus of debate.
C．The similarity of theories. D．The conclusion of research.
15．What does Hu think of dinosaur birds?
A．They were dinosaurs. B．They need further study.
C．They could fly like birds. D．They existed before the Archaeopteryx.
【答案】12．A13．D14．B15．B
【解析】本篇是说明文。在辽宁省发现的化石挑战了始祖鸟是已知最早的鸟类的理论，而比利时皇家自然科学研究所的Pascal Godefroit和他的团队领导的化石研究表明，恐龙鸟Aurornis xui，像始祖鸟一样，存在于近1.5亿年前。文章主要就鸟的起源展开，介绍了相关的研究情况。
12．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Fossils discovered in Liaoning province have challenged the theory that the Archaeopteryx is the earliest known bird.(在辽宁省发现的化石挑战了“始祖鸟”是已知最早的鸟类的理论)”以及第二段中“Research of the fossils led by Pascal Godefroit and his team from the Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences revealed that the dinosaur bird Aurornis xui, like the Archaeopteryx, existed nearly 150 million years ago.(比利时皇家自然科学研究所的Pascal Godefroit和他的团队领导的化石研究表明，恐龙鸟Aurornis xui，像始祖鸟一样，存在于近1.5亿年前)”结合文章主要就鸟的起源展开，介绍了相关的研究情况。可知，本文围绕鸟的起源的话题展开。故选A。
13．细节理解题。根据第三段中“The study, published in the journal Nature, showed that Aurornis xui was 50 cm in length and had tiny teeth used for hunting and defense, similar to other dinosaurs.(这项发表在《自然》杂志上的研究表明，Aurornis xui身长50厘米，和其他恐龙一样，有用于狩猎和防御的细小牙齿)”可知，Aurornis xui在牙齿特征方面与其他恐龙类似。故选D。
14．词义猜测题。根据画线词后文“is whether all these dinosaur birds are dinosaurs or birds”可知，这些科学家争论的焦点是“这些鸟类恐龙到底是恐龙还是鸟类”，故画线词意思是“争论的焦点”。故选B。
15．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“So there is a long way to go to draw a conclusion.(所以要得出结论还有很长的路要走)”可推知，Hu认为需要进一步研究恐龙鸟。故选B。
阅读理解【江苏省镇江市、南通市（通州区、启东市）2021~2022学年高三上学期期末质量监测】
American Express Gold: Best "non-travel" travel card
Why it's great in one sentence: The American Express Gold card earns tons of valuable Amex travel points on practically all the food-related purchases you're making even when you' re not traveling, and the credits available on the card nearly offset (抵消) its annual fee.
This card is right for: People who can use all of the card's various credits and who spend significant money at restaurants, on food delivery services or at U.S. supermarkets while they' re not on the road.
Highlights:
First, with the Amex Gold, you'll earn 4 points for every dollar you spend on restaurants worldwide, and on up to $25,000 in annual purchases at U.S. supermarkets (1 point per dollar afterwards). Most food delivery services count as “restaurants" on this card, so that means the vast majority of your food purchases will earn 4x points, regardless of how you're eating.
You'll also earn 3 points per dollar when you book airfare directly with an airline, so if you're looking to jump on any sales for flights later in the year, you can pay for them with the Amex Gold and earn extra points on those as well.
The points earned on this card are American Express Membership Rewards points, which are extremely useful. You can redeem (兑取现金) them directly for flights via Amex Travel at 1 cent each, but if you put in some extra effort and research, you can potentially get much more value from them by transferring them to any of Amex's 21 airline and hotel partners, which include Delta Air Lines, JetBlue, Marriott and many more.
1．What can we know about the American Express Gold card?
A．It requires very little annual fee.
B．It has a link with food purchases.
C．It is targeted at delivery services.
D．It is right for restaurant managers.
2．If you spend $ 25,800 annually at U.S. supermarkets, how many points will you earn?
A．100,000. B．100,800. C．103,200. D．400,000.
3．What can you do with these points on this card?
A．Change them into money to buy food.
B．Transfer guests from airlines to hotels.
C．Purchase services in suggested airlines.
D．Make some extra effort and do research.
【答案】1．B2．B3．C
【解析】本文是应用文。文章主要讲述美国运通金卡的用处。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段“The American Express Gold card earns tons of valuable Amex travel points on practically all the food-related purchases you're making even when you' re not traveling”（这张美国运通金卡可以挣到许多值钱的美国证券交易所的旅行积分，这些积分可以用于即使你不在旅行的时候的实际的所有你在做的食物相关的购买。）可知，这张卡和食物购买有联系。故选B。
2．细节理解题。根据Highlights:“First, with the Amex Gold, you'll earn 4 points for every dollar you spend on restaurants worldwide, and on up to $25,000 in annual purchases at U.S. supermarkets (1 point per dollar afterwards).”（首先，有了美国运通金牌，你在世界各地的餐厅每消费1美元就能获得4分，在美国超市每年消费可获得25,000美元(之后每消费1美元可获得1分)。）可知，在超市一年花费25800美元的话，2万5千美元内的是1美元获得4分积分，剩余的是1美元1分积分，即25000*4+800*1=100800分积分。故选B。
3．细节理解题。根据最后一段“You can redeem (兑取现金) them directly for flights via Amex Travel at 1 cent each, but if you put in some extra effort and research, you can potentially get much more value from them by transferring them to any of Amex's 21 airline and hotel partners, which include Delta Air Lines, JetBlue, Marriott and many more.”（你可以通过美国运通旅游直接兑换1美分的机票，但如果你付出额外的努力和研究，你可以通过将它们转移到美国运通21家航空公司和酒店合作伙伴中的任何一家，从中获得更多的价值，这些合作伙伴包括达美航空(delta air lines)、捷蓝航空(jetblue)、万豪(marriott)等等。）可知，用这张金卡上的积分可以购买它们合作公司的航空服务和宾馆服务。故选C。
Over the phone, Jack's mother told him, “Mr. Belser died last night. The funeral is Wednesday." Memories flashed through his mind like an old newsreel as he sat quietly remembering his childhood days.
“Jack, did you hear me?"
“Oh, sorry, Mum. Yes, I heard you. It's been so long since I thought of him. I'm sorry, but I honestly thought he died years ago," Jack replied.
“You know, Jack, after your father died, Mr. Belser stepped in to make sure you had a man's influence in your life,' she said.
As busy as he was, he kept his word. Jack caught the next flight to his hometown. Mr. Belser's funeral was small and uneventful. The night before he had to return home, Jack and his Mum stopped by to see the old house next door one more time.
Standing in the doorway, Jack paused for a moment. It was like crossing over into another dimension, a leap through space and time. The house was exactly as he remembered. Every step held memories. Every picture, every piece of furniture. Jack stopped suddenly ...
“What's wrong, Jack?” his Mum asked.
“The box is gone," he said.
“What box?" Mum asked.
"There was a small gold box that he kept locked on top of his desk. I must have asked him a thousand times what was inside. All he'd ever told me was the thing he valued most. Now I'll never know what was so valuable to him," Jack said.
Returning home from work one day Jack discovered a note in his mailbox. 'Signature required on a package. No one at home. Please stop by the main post office within the next three days,' the note read. Early the next day Jack retrieved the package. There inside was the gold box and an envelope. Jack s hands shook as he read the note inside.
"Upon my death, please forward this box and its contents to Jack Bennett. It's the thing I valued most in my life.'
Jack carefully unlocked the box. There inside he found a beautiful gold pocket watch. Running his fingers slowly over the finely etched casing, he unlatched the cover. Inside he found these words engraved (雕刻): 'Jack, Thanks for your time!- Harold Belser.'
4．What did Mr. Belser do when Jack was a child?
A．He played the role of a father.
B．He taught Jack school subjects.
C．He sponsored Jack for education.
D．He brought Jack longer memories.
5．Why was Jack deeply impressed with the gold box?
A．It belonged to Mr. Belser. B．It remained a mystery to him.
C．It was his childhood memory. D．It was worth a lot of money.
6．What does the underlined word “retrieved” in Paragraph 11 probably mean?
A．Take over. B．Reach for. C．Pull out. D．Get back.
7．What can we learn from the story?
A．A gold pocket watch is the best gift.
B．Good company deserves treasuring.
C．Loss of father influences a boy deeply.
D．Close neighbors should help each other.
【答案】4．A5．B6．D7．B
【解析】本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述陪伴杰克长大的Harold Belser先生去世了，但是他很珍惜和杰克在一起的美好时光。
4．推理判断题。根据第四段“You know, Jack, after your father died, Mr. Belser stepped in to make sure you had a man's influence in your life”（你知道，杰克，在你父亲去世后，Belser先生就总是来拜访，以确保在你的人生中有男人的影响。）可知，当杰克是个孩子的时候，父亲去世了，Belser先生就开始在杰克的人生中起父亲的作用。故选A。
5．推理判断题。根据第十段“I must have asked him a thousand times what was inside. All he'd ever told me was the thing he valued most. Now I'll never know what was so valuable to him,”（我问过他1千次那里面是什么，他总是跟我说是他最宝贵的东西。现在我将永远不会知道什么对他最宝贵了。）可知，作者对那个金盒子印象深刻，是因为他一直想知道里面是什么。故选B。
6．词句猜测题。根据上文“Returning home from work one day Jack discovered a note in his mailbox. 'Signature required on a package. No one at home. Please stop by the main post office within the next three days,' the note read.”（有一天下班回到家，杰克在他的信箱里发现了一张便条，‘一个包裹需要签字。家里面没人。请3天内到邮局来取。’便条上说。）可知，杰克有个包裹需要到邮局去拿。所以这句话“Early the next day Jack retrieved the package.”（第二天一早，杰克retrieved那个包裹。）应该的杰克第二天一早去邮局取回了包裹。retrieve应该是“取回，拿回来”的意思，D选项意思相近。故选D。
7．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Inside he found these words engraved (雕刻): 'Jack, Thanks for your time!- Harold Belser.'”（在盒子里面，他发现这些话被雕刻在上面：“杰克，感谢你的时间！——Harold Belser。”）可知，Harold Belser最珍惜的是杰克和他在一起的时间和陪伴。所以这篇文章主要讲述好的陪伴是最值得珍惜的。故选B。
Combining knowledge of chemistry, physics, biology, and engineering, scientists from McGill University develop a biomaterial tough enough to repair the heart, muscles, and vocal cords, representing a major advance in medicine.
“People recovering from heart damage often face a long and tricky journey. Healing is challenging because of the constant movement tissues must withstand (承受) as the heart beats. The same is true for vocal cords. Until now there was no injectable (可注射的) material strong enough for the job," says Guangyu Bao, a PhD candidate in the Department of Mechanical Engineering at McGill University.
The team, led by Professor Luc Mongeau and Assistant Professor Jianyu Li, developed a new injectable hydrogel (水凝胶) for wound repair, which is a type of biomaterial that provides room for cells to live and grow. Once injected into the body, the biomaterial forms a stable structure allowing live cells to grow or pass through to repair the injured organs.
“The results are promising, and we hope that one day the new hydrogel will be used to restore the voice of people with damaged vocal cords," says Guangyu Bao.
The scientists tested the durability of their hydrogel in a machine they developed to copy the extreme biomechanics of human vocal cords. Vibrating (振动) at 120 times a second for over 6 million cycles, the new biomaterial remained undamaged while other standard hydrogels broken into pieces, unable to deal with the stress of the load.
“We were incredibly excited to see it worked perfectly in our test. Before our work, no injectable hydrogels possessed both high porosity and toughness at the same time. To solve this issue, we introduced a pore-forming polymer to our formula (配方),”says Guangyu Bao.
The innovation opens new ways of making progress for other applications like tissue engineering. The team is also looking to use the hydrogel technology to create lungs to test COVID-19 drugs.
8．Why did the researchers develop the new biomaterial?
A．To experience a journey. B．To repair wound.
C．To represent an advance. D．To replace organs.
9．What is unique of the biomaterial compared to other materials?
A．It is heavier. B．It is more breakable.
C．It is changeable. D．It is more injectable.
10．What might the researchers do next about the biomaterial?
A．Make artificial organs for drug test.
B．Try hard to increase its toughness.
C．Apply it to the cure of COVID-19.
D．Adjust their formula to improve it.
11．What the author's purpose of writing this passage?
A．To show his respect to the researchers.
B．To stress the importance of innovation.
C．To promote the sales of a new hydrogel.
D．To introduce a newly- developed material.
【答案】8．B9．D10．A11．D
【解析】本文是说明文。文章主要向读者介绍一种新研发的可注射的材料来治疗伤口。
8．细节理解题。根据第三段“The team, led by Professor Luc Mongeau and Assistant Professor Jianyu Li, developed a new injectable hydrogel (水凝胶) for wound repair,”（由 Luc Mongeau教授和 Jianyu Li助理教授领导的团队研发了一种用于伤口修复的新型可注射水凝胶。）可知，研发这种新的生物材料是为了修复伤口。故选B。
9．推理判断题。根据第三段“The team, led by Professor Luc Mongeau and Assistant Professor Jianyu Li, developed a new injectable hydrogel (水凝胶) for wound repair,”（由 Luc Mongeau教授和 Jianyu Li助理教授领导的团队研发了一种用于伤口修复的新型可注射水凝胶。）可知，这种新的生物材料是可注射的。故选D。
10．细节理解题。根据最后一段“The team is also looking to use the hydrogel technology to create lungs to test COVID-19 drugs.”（这个团队也正在指望用这种水凝胶技术去创造肺来测试新冠药物。）可知，团队接下来要制作人工肺来测试新冠药物。故选A。
11．推理判断题。根据第三段“The team, led by Professor Luc Mongeau and Assistant Professor Jianyu Li, developed a new injectable hydrogel (水凝胶) for wound repair,”（由 Luc Mongeau教授和 Jianyu Li助理教授领导的团队研发了一种用于伤口修复的新型可注射水凝胶。）可知，这篇文章是为了向读者介绍一种用于伤口修复的新型可注射水凝胶。故选D。
Human is struggling to contain two major crises: Skyrocketing global temperatures and deep-diving biodiversity (生物多样性). But people tend to solve each problem on its own, for instance by using green energies and carbon-eating machines, while surrounding ecosystems to preserve them. But a new report argues that treating each crisis in isolation (孤立地) means missing out on solutions that resolve both. Human can't solve one without also solving the other.
So what might these solutions look like? Say, for instance, you turn a heavily logged forest into a national park. As the trees grow back, they would provide habitat for the return of animals. Letting a forest come back naturally, rather than planting a single species of tree to balance up some corporation's carbon emissions (排放), makes it recover faster. This is known as a nature-based solution, a campaign that both absorb carbon and provides an extra ecological or economic benefit.
Stopping human's attacks on ecosystems can also help fight climate change, the study's authors write. Even cities can get in on the action, the report notes. Urban areas turn into "heat islands" because they absorb the sun's energy during the day and slowly release it at night. They are therefore much hotter than surrounding rural areas. Planting more trees cools cities and provides habitats for birds and shade for humans, which will be even more critical as global temperatures rise.
The big threat, the authors stress, is that nature-based solutions alone can't stop climate change. As temperatures climb and droughts get more severe, it'll be harder for forests, wetlands, and mangroves to survive, even with our help. First and foremost, human has to dramatically reduce its greenhouse gas emissions. “Nature is not going to save us." the authors say. “We can only use nature to support efforts.”
“Still, governments and corporations are becoming more conscious of the importance of maintaining biodiversity while also fighting climate change," says Beymer-Farris, from the University of Kentucky. “I myself, as a professor who has been working in this for 20 years, I see a lot of hope, because I see a lot of change on the horizon."
12．How should people deal with the two crises?
A．By using carbon-eating machines.
B．By giving priority to one of them.
C．By tackling them in the meanwhile.
D．By establishing more nature reserves.
13．What is the most effective way to stop climate change according to the author?
A．Plant more trees in urban areas.
B．Adopt nature- based solutions.
C．Send out less greenhouse gas.
D．Provide habitats for animals.
14．What is Beymer- Farris's attitude to the future of the ecology?
A．Optimistic. B．Doubtful. C．Critical. D．Concerned.
15．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?
A．Why we care about climate change
B．How to live in harmony with nature
C．Why urban areas become “heat islands"
D．How to protect species and save the planet

【答案】12．C13．C14．A15．D
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了人类如何保护物种和拯救地球。目前，人类正在努力遏制两大危机：全球气温飙升和深海生物多样性。基于自然的解决方案，生态环境得到一定程度的改善，但我们也要用大自然方式来支持我们的努力，如：大幅减少温室气体排放。
12．细节理解题。根据第一段第三、四句“But a new report argues that treating each crisis in isolation (孤立地) means missing out on solutions that resolve both. Human can't solve one without also solving the other.”（但一份新的报告认为，孤立地对待每一场危机意味着错过了解决这两个问题的解决方案。人类不能在不解决另一个问题的情况下解决一个问题。）可知，人们应该同时应对这两个危机。故选C项。
13．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“First and foremost, human has to dramatically reduce its greenhouse gas emissions.”（首先，人类必须大幅减少温室气体排放。）可知，作者认为，阻止气候变化最有效的方法是减少温室气体排放。故选C项。
14．推理判断题。根据最后一段“I myself, as a professor who has been working in this for 20 years, I see a lot of hope, because I see a lot of change on the horizon.”（我自己，作为一名在这方面工作了20年的教授，我看到了很多希望，因为我看到了很多变化。）可知，贝默-法里斯对生态的未来持乐观态度，Optimistic乐观的，符合题意。故选A项。
15．主旨大意题。根据第二段第一句“So what might these solutions look like?”（那么这些解决方案会是什么样子呢？）、第三段第一句“Stopping human's attacks on ecosystems can also help fight climate change”（阻止人类对生态系统的攻击也有助于对抗气候变化。）以及最后一段“Still, governments and corporations are …while also fighting climate change.”（“尽管如此，政府和公司越来越意识到保持生物多样性的重要性，同时也在应对气候变化。）结合文章大意，可知，文章介绍了人类如何保护物种和拯救地球。目前，人类正在努力遏制两大危机：全球气温飙升和深海生物多样性。基于自然的解决方案，生态环境得到一定程度的改善，但我们也要用大自然方式来支持我们的努力，如：大幅减少温室气体排放。故选D项。

一、阅读理解【江苏省泰州市2021-2022学年高三上学期期末】
The climate change and environmental crises are now closely connected with our daily lives. We've collected a small selection of our favourite documentaries, charting the history and future of the challenges we face.

KISS THE GROUND
The documentary adopts a light voice when exploring the power of the worlds soils to draw in carbon from the air. The film begins by examining how farming and pesticides have led to soil loss, tracking the damage done to ecology, health and climate. The solution is found through regenerative faming —a field receiving more and more attention.

ICE ON FIRE
Dramatically titled, Leonardo DiCaprio's 2019 documentary focuses on the melting polar ice caps of the Arctic. The documentary explores the planetary impact of melting ice, but intelligently includes solutions.
DiCaprio explores renewable energy technologies and sustainable economies to put forward a vision for a cleaner future.

CHASING CORAL
It can be difficult to really understand what climate breakdown looks like. In 2017, Chasing Coral brought the very real impacts of climate change into sharp focus. The insight into the world's corals suffering from ocean acidification and temperature rise is impressive.

REBUILDNG PARADISE
Wildfires — once a natural regulator of ecosystems, now an increasing phenomenon thrown out of rhythm by climate change — are so frequent that many hardly consider the consequence. While it's one thing to deal with the financial loss and restoration, it's something quite different to repair the broken spirit of a community. In Rebuilding Paradise, we follow the journey of the citizens of Paradise, California, as they attempt to restart their lives from the ashes of the destructive 2018 wildfires.

1．Which documentary shows the role of soil in dealing with climate change?
A．KISS THE GROUND B．ICE ON FIRE
C．CHASING CORAL D．REBUILDING PARADISE
2．What can be learned from REBUILDNG PARADISE?
A．Wildfires nowadays break out as frequently as before.
B．Wildfires have both physical and psychological impacts.
C．The damage caused by wildfires can never be recovered.
D．Wildfires do more harm to economy than to the environment.
3．What do the four documentaries have in common?
A．They focus on the speed of the global warming.
B．They relate to the global issue of climate change.
C．They analyze the frequency of the natural disasters.
D．They present solutions to dealing with the challenges.
【答案】1．A2．B3．B
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了四部与全球气候变化问题有关的纪录片。
1．细节理解题。根据KISS THE GROUND下的“The documentary adopts a light voice when exploring the power of the worlds soils to draw in carbon from the air. The film begins by examining how farming and pesticides have led to soil loss, tracking the damage done to ecology, health and climate. The solution is found through regenerative faming —a field receiving more and more attention.（在探索世界土壤吸收空气中碳的力量时，这部纪录片采用了一种轻松的声音。影片一开始就考察了农业和农药是如何导致土壤流失的，并追踪了对生态、健康和气候造成的破坏。再生农业是解决这一问题的重要途径。）”可知，KISS THE GROUND纪录片展示了土壤在应对气候变化中的作用。故选A。
2．细节理解题。根据REBUILDNG PARADISE下的“While it's one thing to deal with the financial loss and restoration, it's something quite different to repair the broken spirit of a community.（虽然处理经济损失和修复是一回事，但修复社区破碎的精神却是另一回事。）”可知，我们能从REBUILDNG PARADISE中学到野火对身体和心理都有影响。故选B。
3．细节理解题。根据首段“The climate change and environmental crises are now closely connected with our daily lives. We've collected a small selection of our favourite documentaries, charting the history and future of the challenges we face.（气候变化和环境危机与我们的日常生活密切相关。我们收集了一些我们最喜欢的纪录片，记录了我们面临的挑战的历史和未来。）”可知，这四部纪录片共同点是它们与全球气候变化问题有关。故选B。
“Twelve years ago, I was a professional dancer and black belt in taekwondo (跆拳道) when a disease went undiagnosed and wiped out my muscular system. I finally ended up on life support in intensive care with organ failure.” Kaufman recalled, “I went from living this big life to not knowing how I was going to survive. Fortunately, on my birthday in 2009, I received a new heart and was given a second chance at life!”
After volunteering in Los Angeles hospitals, Kaufman started the non-profit, Ava’s Heart. She and her organization offered transplant patients services that were often not covered by insurance, including food, gas, co-pays on medicines, and housing.
“What I found out was that if you didn’t have post-transplant-housing, you couldn’t get listed and admitted into the hospital,” Kaufman said. She leaned that for the nearly 110,000 people in the US waiting for a lifesaving organ transplant, it was not just a matter of adding your name to the list. Patients must be financially secure and be able to afford transportation. What’s more, they must find accommodations near their transplant hospital: Kaufman runs two housing locations, which allows the patients to remain close to their transplant hospital during the period of their aftercare, typically about three months at no cost.
Her organization also helps donor families, which she thinks makes the whole circle complete. “One organ donor can save eight lives and then there’s tissue and skin and eyes and blood vessels (血管) and so many other things,” Kaufman said. “The donor is the whole story. Without the donor, there are no transplant centers, no transplant surgeons, no me. In my eyes, the donors are the heroes.”
To date, Ava’s Heart has helped nearly 90 families with burial costs for their loved ones whose organs have saved countless lives. Kaufman also works closely with those who receive donations to build relationships with donor families and spread awareness about the importance of organ donation.
4．Why did Kaufman take about her memory in Paragraph 1?
A．To illustrate the significance of life.
B．To recall her plain and boring days.
C．To indicate her motivation for paying back.
D．To confirm her enthusiasm for the profession.
5．For a transplant patient, admission into the hospital requires the following EXCEPT ________.
A．health insurance B．nearby housing
C．financial security D．afford transportation
6．Which of the following best describes Kaufman?
A．Brave and caring. B．Grateful and warm-hearted.
C．Considerate and hardworking. D．Sympathetic and easy-going.
7．What message does the text mainly convey?
A．It’s better to give than to receive.
B．The blessed bear the heart of giving.
C．Health matters much more than wealth.
D．Volunteering makes the world a better place.
【答案】4．C5．A6．B7．B
【解析】这是一篇新闻报道。主要介绍了Kaufman在获得他人的器官捐献而重获新生后成立非营利组织去帮助其他病人的故事。
4．推理判断题。由第二段“After volunteering in Los Angeles hospitals, Kaufman started the non-profit, Ava’s Heart. She and her organization offered transplant patients services that were often not covered by insurance, including food, gas, co-pays on medicines, and housing.”（在洛杉矶医院做志愿者后，考夫曼创办了非营利组织 Ava’s Heart。她和她的组织为移植患者提供通常不在保险范围内的服务，包括食物、汽油、共同支付的药物和住房。）可知，第二段及下文都在讲她和她的非营利组织帮助其她病人的事情，这些都是源于第一段她被别人救了，所以第一段提及她的经历是为了表明她偿还（去帮助别人）的动机。故选C项。
5．细节理解题。由第三段“Patients must be financially secure and be able to afford transportation. What's more, they must find accommodations near their transplant hospital: Kaufman runs two housing locations, which allows the patients to remain close to their transplant hospital during the period of their aftercare, typically about three months at no cost.”（患者必须有经济保障，并且能够负担得起交通费用。更重要的是，他们必须在移植医院附近找到住处：考夫曼经营着两个住宿地点，这使得患者在后期护理期间可以留在移植医院附近，通常大约三个月是免费的。）可知，病人必须在医院附近有房子、有经济保障、能负担起交通才能进医院治疗，只有A项没提到。故选A项。
6．推理判断题。由第二段“After volunteering in Los Angeles hospitals, Kaufman started the non-profit, Ava's Heart.”（在洛杉矶医院做志愿者后，考夫曼创办了非营利组织 Ava's Heart。）可知，Kaufman被人帮助后成立了非营利组织去帮助其她病人，可知她感恩、热心。故选B项。
7．主旨大意题。由尾段“To date, Ava’s Heart has helped nearly 90 families with burial costs for their loved ones whose organs have saved countless lives. Kaufman also works closely with those who receive donations to build relationships with donor families and spread awareness about the importance of organ donation.”（迄今为止，Ava’s Heart 已经帮助了近 90 个家庭，为他们的亲人支付了丧葬费用，他们的器官挽救了无数生命。考夫曼还与接受捐赠的人密切合作，与捐赠者家庭建立关系，并传播对器官捐赠重要性的认识。）并联系全文可知，Kaufman有爱心、懂得感恩，她获得保佑，获得了别人捐赠的器官而重获新生，所以本文的中心思想是“懂得奉献的人会被保佑”。故选B项。
Paisley is a distinctive pattern used to decorate fabrics and make countless clothes lively. This pattern also has a uniquely rich history dating back hundreds of years, spreading across multiple continents.
Paisley's most obvious feature is the large swooshing (涡旋) shapes called boteh. Many experts believe the shape is actually an artistically designed tree, which was a powerful religious symbol in India for thousands of years. Besides, the pattern could also represent flowers, the sun, a phoenix, or even an eagle. The exact meaning is lost to history, even though the pattern lives on.
The pattern eventually made its way to the Western world in the 18th and 19th centuries, when it became the height of fashion for the time. Silk scarves bearing the pattern could be as expensive as a small house. Owing to its popularity, especially in Great Britain, it was quickly duplicated and mass-produced. One of the major manufacturing centers of the pattern was Paisley. Scotland, which is how the pattern got its English name.
In the early 20th century, the popularity of the pattern faded for a time. Eventually, it exploded back onto the fashion scene with the help of a surprising force: rock 'n' roll. It started in the 1960s with the Beatles, who not only wore paisley but used patterns in colorful artwork. Other rock legends like the Rolling Stones, Janice Joplin, and David Bowie kept the trend going well into the 1970s. Paisley was suddenly cool and glamorous again, at least temporarily.
Since then, however, the popularity of the pattern has slowly declined. It still pops up on fashion runways and as a colorful accessory (配饰) for some clothes, but paisley is just one of many elegant patterns. Nevertheless, that doesn't mean it won't make a comeback again.
8．According the text, what is boteh?
A．A universal symbol of art. B．A sacred tree planted in India.
C．The typical shape found in paisley. D．The manufacturing process of paisley.
9．What does the underlined word "duplicated" in Paragraph 3 mean?
A．Transformed. B．Protected. C．Abolished. D．Copied.
10．Why does the author mention the rock 'n' roll stars in Paragraph 4?
A．They preserved the value of paisley.
B．They studied the history of fashion.
C．They helped paisley regain its popularity.
D．They looked extremely cool and glamorous.
11．What can be concluded about paisley from the text?
A．It won't withdraw entirely from the fashion world.
B．It was discovered in Britain and thus got its English name.
C．It has been regarded as a typical representative of pop culture.
D．It demonstrates the close connection between religion and fashion.
【答案】8．C9．D10．C11．A
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了boteh的定义，受欢迎程度和它的历史经历。
8．细节理解题。根据第二段“Paisley's most obvious feature is the large swooshing shapes called boteh.(佩斯利图案最明显的特征是被称为boteh的巨大的涡旋形状)”可知， boteh是佩斯利图案中典型的形状。故选C。
9．词义猜测题。根据前文“Owing to its popularity(由于它的流行)”以及and后的“mass-produced(大量生产)”可知，这种图案的丝巾因为受欢迎被复制和大量生产。由此推知，划线词duplicated是“复制”的意思。故选D。
10．推理判断题。根据第四段“Eventually, it exploded back onto the fashion scene with the help of a surprising force: rock 'n' roll.(最终，在一股令人惊讶的力量——摇滚乐的帮助下，它重新回到了时尚圈)”可推断，作者在第四段提到摇滚明星是因为他们帮助佩斯利图案重新受欢迎。故选C。
11．推理判断题。根据最后一段“It still pops up on fashion runways and as a colorful accessory (配饰) for some clothes, but paisley is just one of many elegant patterns. Nevertheless, that doesn't mean it won't make a comeback again.(佩斯利图案现在仍然会出现在时装T台上，并作为一些衣服的彩色配饰，但它只是众多优雅图案中的一种。然而，这并不意味着它不会再次回归)”可推断，佩斯利图案不会完全退出时尚界。故选A。
Humans, by nature, have always lived in groups and social interaction is fundamental for every part of our health. Lack of it can lead to feelings of isolation and loneliness. A strong support network and solid community bonds promote our emotional and physical health, and are critical components of a balanced adult life. However, just as with many other aspects of our lives, there seems to be a limit to how large our personal networks can grow.
Back in 1992, a British scholar named Robin Dunbar came up with a hypothetical (假设的) number defining the maximum sum of meaningful human relationships a person can have. The number, which was later named after him, was discovered accidentally while he was studying the cleaning and brushing tendencies — a social behavior —of non-human primates (灵长类动物). Around that time, researchers had discovered that the large brain of these primates was a result of their socially complex societies. The relevance was that the larger the brain, the larger the animal's social group was likely to be. Scientists could then theoretically use an animal's brain size to calculate how many members could make up this group. Dunbar applied this theory to humans, and the resulting number was roughly 150.
Dunbar's Number, however, only refers to the limit of meaningful contacts within our social network. It does not account for other relationships. Human social relationships tend to have numerous layers, and extend outward from the individual in circles with the same centre. The innermost circle contains five people: our loved ones. The next circle holds of our good friends. The third circle is reserved for people we consider friends, and the fourth is where the limit of 150 can be found. Nowadays, with various forms of electronic communication, such as websites for social networking and microblogging people find it very convenient to create online communities to share information, ideas, personal messages, and other contents. Consequently, it is possible for a human to get into the fifth (500acquainitances) circle, an impressive breakthrough that was difficult to achieve in the past.
12．What can be learned about Dunbar's Number in Paragraph 2?
A．It is confirmed by the social reality.
B．It serves as an accurate measurement.
C．It is backed by a certain theoretical basis.
D．It establishes links between health and network.
13．Which of the following diagrams illustrates human social relationships?

A． B． C． D．
14．Why is it easy today to go beyond the fourth circle of human relationships?
A．Human brains are becoming bigger and bigger.
B．Social media have contributed to the phenomenon.
C．Meaningful contacts grow significantly with age.
D．People are eager to improve every aspect of their lives.
15．What can be a suitable title for the text?
A．Group Living: A Solution to Health Problems
B．Dunbar's Theory: A Ladder to Career Success
C．Social Network: A Soured of Endless Pleasure
D．Dunbar's Number: A Measure of Social Relations
【答案】12．C13．D14．B15．D
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了英国学者罗宾·邓巴在研究灵长类动物清洁和梳毛的倾向这一社会行为时，意外发现了邓巴数——按照人类的大脑大小，一个人可以与大约150个人建立稳定人际关系。但是现在随着媒体的发展，这个150人的限制被打破。
12．推理判断题。从第二段第二句开始“The number, which was later named after him, was discovered accidentally while he was studying the cleaning and brushing tendencies — a social behavior —of non-human primates (灵长类动物). Around that time, researchers had discovered that the large brain of these primates was a result of their socially complex societies. The relevance was that the larger the brain, the larger the animal's social group was likely to be. Scientists could then theoretically use an animal’s brain size to calculate how many members could make up this group.(这个数，后来以他的名字命名为邓巴数，是意外地发现的，当时他正在研究非人类的灵长类动物的一个社会行为——清洁和梳毛的倾向。大约在那个时候，研究人员就已发现，这些灵长类动物的大大的大脑是它们复杂社会的结果。与此相关的是，大脑越大，动物的社会群体可能就越大。从理论上讲，科学家们可以利用动物大脑的大小来计算出这个群体可以由多少成员组成。邓巴将这一理论应用于人类，结果是大约150人)”可知，科学家们建立了“利用动物大脑的大小来计算出这个群体可以由多少成员组成”的理论，换言之，“个体的大脑的大小决定了该个体的朋友圈的总人数”。邓巴数告诉我们：按照人类的大脑大小，一个人可以与大约150个人建立稳定人际关系，这个结论是以前面提到的理论为基础得来的。故选C项。
13．细节理解题。从第三段“Human social relationships tend to have numerous layers, and extend outward from the individual in circles with the same centre. The innermost circle contains five people: our loved ones. The next circle holds of our good friends. The third circle is reserved for people we consider friends, and the fourth is where the limit of 150 can be found.(人类的社会关系往往有许多层次，并从个体向外延伸，形成一个以同一中心为中心的圆圈。最里面的圈子包括五个人：我们的爱人。下一圈是我们的好朋友。第三个圈是为我们认为是朋友的人预留的，第四个圈是可以找到150人的限制的所在)”和本段最后一句“Consequently, it is possible for a human to get into the fifth (500acquainitances) circle, an impressive breakthrough that was difficult to achieve in the past (因此，一个人有可能进入第五圈(500个熟人)，这是一个令人印象深刻的突破，在过去很难实现)”可知，人类的社会关系以至多5个同心圆的方式呈现。故选D项。
14．细节理解题。从第三段“The third circle is reserved for people we consider friends, and the fourth is where the limit of 150 can be found. Nowadays, with various forms of electronic communication, such as websites for social networking and microblogging people find it very convenient to create online communities to share information, ideas, personal messages, and other contents.(第三个圈是为我们认为是朋友的人预留的，第四个圈是可以找到150人的限制的所在。如今，随着各种形式的电子交流，如社交网站和微博，人们发现创建在线社区来分享信息、想法、个人信息和其他内容非常方便。因此，一个人有可能进入第五圈(500熟人)，这是一个令人印象深刻的突破，在过去很难实现)”可知，便捷的社交媒体使个体超越人际关系的第四个圈子成为可能。故选B项。
15．主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了邓巴数（Dunbar’s Number），由第二段第一句“Back in 1992, a British scholar named Robin Dunbar came up with a hypothetical (假设的) number defining the maximum sum of meaningful human relationships a person can have.The number, which was later named after him, was discovered accidentally while he was studying the cleaning and brushing tendencies — a social behavior —of non-human primates (灵长类动物). （早在1992年,一个名叫罗宾·邓巴的英国学者就提出了一个假设的数字用来定义一个人可以拥有的有意义的人际关系的最大总和。这个数，后来以他的名字命名为邓巴数，是意外地发现的，当时他正在研究非人类的灵长类动物的一个社会行为——清洁和刷毛的倾向)”可知，邓巴数定义一个人的朋友圈的总人数，体现出这个人的社会关系网的大小。D项“Dunbar’s Number: A Measure of Social Relations (邓巴数，一个社会关系的衡量标准)”，做本文标题最为贴切。故选D项。
阅读理解【湖南省岳阳市2022届高三上学期教学质量监测（一）（一模）】
Beijing has four distinct seasons. Spring is time for the capital city to dress in blossoms. It might be common to enjoy the fragrance of flowers elsewhere, but in Beijing, they can be appreciated alongside the ancient buildings nestled among them. Here is a quick guide of the best routed of themed spring tours for visitors.
Yulan magnolias
Its flowering phase is very short, as if showing a never-say-die courage and pride. Many love the plant for the flowers that blossom before leafing. The best time to see it is usually from the last week of March to mid-April,
Yulan magnolias usually appear first along Chang' an Avenue, and locals consider it a sign of the real approaching of spring. The blossoms look best on the western side of the avenue. Visitors should also look out for the spread of purple magnolias in the north western corner of the street, near the National Center for the Performing Arts.
The Summer Palace has a long history of planting Yulan magnolias. Every time they blossom, the Longevity Hall is filled with fragrance.
Winter jasmine
These golden-yellow flowers can be widely seen in Beijing in March. Their beauty is amplified by the red walls and green titles of historical buildings.
At the northern gate of Beihai Park, winter jasmine provided a picturesque scene against the back drop of water, hills and pedestrian activity and has been a lasting favorite of photographers. The blossoms are brought out by the nearby lake stones of various shapes and sizes.
In Zhongshan park, winter jasmine breathes life into the solemn(庄严的) atmosphere of the royal sits, where sacrificial ceremonies were once held during the Ming and ding dynasties.
1．Where can visitors appreciate Yulan magnolias the earliest?
A．In Beihai Park. B．In Zhongshan Park.
C．On Chang' an avenue. D．In National Center.
2．Why is winter jasmine particularly beautiful in Beijing?
A．Because of its fragrance.
B．Its flowering phase is comparatively long.
C．It has been a lasting favorite of photographers.
D．Red walls and green titles of ancient buildings alongside add to its beauty.
3．What's the purpose of writing this passage?
A．To attract more visitors. B．To introduce distinct seasons of Beijing.
C．To show the beauty of two kinds of flowers. D．To compare the difference between two flowers.
【答案】1．C2．D3．A
【解析】本文是应用文。文章主要介绍了北京春季主题旅游路线，以吸引更多的游客。
1．细节理解题。根据第三段的“Yulan magnolias usually appear first along Chang' an Avenue, and locals consider it a sign of the real approaching of spring.( 玉兰木兰通常首先出现在长安街，当地人认为这是春天真正来临的标志。)”可知，游客最早可以在长安街欣赏到玉兰木兰。故选C。
2．细节理解题。根据第五段的“These golden-yellow flowers can be widely seen in Beijing in March. Their beauty is amplified by the red walls and green titles of historical buildings.(这些金色的花朵在3月份在北京随处可见。红色的墙壁和历史建筑的绿色标题放大了它们的美丽。)”可知，迎春花在北京特别美丽是因为红色的墙壁和绿色的古代建筑的标题增加了它的美丽。故选D。
3．推理判断题。根据第一段的“It might be common to enjoy the fragrance of flowers elsewhere, but in Beijing, they can be appreciated alongside the ancient buildings nestled among them. Here is a quick guide of the best routed of themed spring tours for visitors.( 在其他地方享受鲜花的香味可能很常见，但在北京，它们可以与坐落在其中的古老建筑一起欣赏。以下是为游客提供的最佳春季主题旅游的快速指南)”可知，文章主要介绍了北京春季主题旅游路线，因此推断文章的写作目的是吸引更多的游客。故选A。
A man is lucky to be alive after a horrible meet with a bear in Alaska. The unidentified man, who is said to be in his 50s, spent several days fighting for survival in the wilderness as a bear followed him---but then a Coast Guard helicopter team came to his rescue on Friday, July 16.
Commander Carbajai told the newspaper that their Coast Guard helicopter had changed course to avoid cloud cover on their way to a task when the shocking discovery was made. Though it was uncommon for the Coast Guard to come across people in need in the middle of nowhere, they noticed a shack(棚屋) with “SOS” and “heap me” written on the roof.
The man later told his rescuers he had been staying at the shack since July 12. In those five days, he suffered non-life-threatening injuries, including damage to his leg.
“He was kind of struggling. When we came around, he was on his hands and knees waving a white flag,” Commander Carbajal said. “He definitely looked like he had been there for a while, ” he added.
“At some point, a bear had dragged him down to the river,” Commander Carbajal said. “He had a gun but the bullets were not enough. He said that the bear kept coming back every night and he hadn't slept for a few days.”
It is reported that 68 people in the state were sent to hospitals in 66 bear attacks from 2000 to 2017. Ten people died from bear attacks during that period. USA Today noted that all three species of North American bears --- including black, brown and polar bears --- live in Alaska.
4．When did the man begin to stay at the shack?
A．On Friday. B．On Monday. C．On Tuesday. D．On Saturday.
5．What was the first job of Coast Guard helicopter team?
A．Rescuing the man. B．Checking the SOS signals.
C．Carrying out their own task. D．Collecting information of the cloud.
6．Which of the following best describe the man's feeling when rescued?
A．Worried. B．Frightened. C．Tired. D．Relaxed.
7．What can be inferred from the last paragraph?
A．It is dangerous to travel in the wild of Alaska. B．There is no chance to live after encountering bears.
C．Sixty eight people lost their lives because of bears. D．It is unrealistic to travel in the wild in Alaska.
【答案】4．B5．C6．B7．A
【解析】这是一篇新闻报道。讲述了一名男子在阿拉斯加遭遇了可怕的熊后获救的过程。
4．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“The unidentified man, who is said to be in his 50s, spent several days fighting for survival in the wilderness as a bear followed him---but then a Coast Guard helicopter team came to his rescue on Friday, July 16.(这名身份不明的男子据说50多岁，在荒野中为了生存挣扎了好几天，一只熊跟着他——但随后，7月16日周五，海岸警卫队的直升机队来到了他的救援现场。)”和文章第三段“The man later told his rescuers he had been staying at the shack since July 12.(这名男子后来告诉救援人员，他从7月12日起就一直住在这个棚屋里。)”可知，他从周一就待在棚屋里。故选B。
5．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Commander Carbajai told the newspaper that their Coast Guard helicopter had changed course to avoid cloud cover on their way to a task when the shocking discovery was made.(指挥官Carbajai告诉报纸，他们的海岸警卫队直升机在执行任务的途中改变了航线，以避开云层，这一令人震惊的发现就发生了。)”可知，直升机在执行自己的任务。故选C。
6．推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“He said that the bear kept coming back every night and he hadn't slept for a few days.(他说熊每天晚上都回来，他已经好几天没睡了。)”可推知，获救时，这名男子感到害怕。故选B。
7．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“It is reported that 68 people in the state were sent to hospitals in 66 bear attacks from 2000 to 2017. Ten people died from bear attacks during that period. USA Today noted that all three species of North American bears --- including black, brown and polar bears --- live in Alaska.(据报道，从2000年到2017年，该州有68人在66起熊袭击事件中被送往医院。在此期间，有10人死于熊的袭击。《今日美国》指出，北美所有三种熊——包括黑熊、棕熊和北极熊——都生活在阿拉斯加。)”可推知，在阿拉斯加的野外旅行是危险的。故选A。
With the development of apps, social media has seemingly revolutionized the way we travel. Now, young people primary travel inspiration comes from social media. Instead of choosing their destination from a selection in a catalogue at travel agent like before, they scroll(滚动) through online posts in search of that ideal location.
When it comes to planning the perfect holiday, social media has become a huge factor for many young people today. Everybody wants to return home with an album full of artistic and “instagramable” photos that show off their trips. The best way to find that desired “post-able” holiday destination is now through social media itself. Whether it is viewing a friend’s recent travel post, or a photo directly from a travel account, social media inspires the desire to explore new places for so many of its users.
Travel companies now also use social media as part of their own marketing strategies. The majority of airlines, tour companies, hotels and other travel-related businesses have their own Instagram, Face book and Twitter pages to increase brand awareness. One of the leading marketing strategies is the use of the social influenced. Research shows that 70% of teens trust influences more than traditional celebrities --- in 2018, 1.6 billion were funnelled into sponsored influenced posts on Instagram alone; and 63 % of 18-24- year-old Instagram users follow travel influenced account.
However, as with many aspects of social media, there were obvious disadvantaged to this travel revolution. It could be argued that the obsession with documenting and sharing your travel adventures online distracts from being present and truly enjoying the experience. Our motives to travel seem to have shifted away from a strong desire to travel and have become more ego centric(自我为中心的), travelling now for the sake of likes and follows. This draws away from some of the most important elements of travel.
In general, social media has revolutionized the way we travel, providing tonnes of inspiration and new opportunities. We should be grateful for the global awareness it has given us, and the insight into new places and different means of travel. At the same time, it is equally important not to allow the posts we see to affect our self-image or reflect on our own experiences any differently.
8．How did people get their primary travel inspiration in the past?
A．By appreciating photos from a travel account. B．By viewing friends’ recent travel post.
C．By consulting a travel agent. D．By strolling through online posts.
9．Which of the following is right according to the text?
A．Using Internet celebrities is a very effective marketing strategy.
B．Most teenagers trust traditional celebrities more than social influences.
C．The obsession with sharing travel experiences helps to enhance the travel experience.
D．The travel inspiration of young people mainly comes from the tourism advertisements.
10．What is the author’s attitude to the travel revolution?
A．Skeptical. B．Objective. C．Worried. D．Disapproving.
11．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?
A．Ways to enhance the travel experiences. B．Elements of modern travel.
C．Inspiration and opportunities from social media. D．The impact of social media on travel.
【答案】8．C9．A10．B11．D
【解析】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了社交媒体对于旅行的影响。
8．细节理解题。根据第一段“Instead of choosing their destination from a selection in a catalogue at travel agent like before, they scroll through online posts in search of that ideal location.”（他们不再像以前那样从旅行社的目录中选择目的地，而是滚动浏览在线帖子，寻找理想的地点）可知，过去人们通过咨询旅行社获得主要的旅行灵感。故选C项。
9．细节理解题。根据第三段“Research shows that 70% of teens trust influences more than traditional celebrities --- in 2018, 1.6 billion were funnelled into sponsored influenced posts on Instagram alone; and 63 % of 18-24- year-old Instagram users follow travel influenced account.”（研究表明，70%的青少年比传统名人更信任影响力——2018年，仅Instagram上就有16亿人被投入到赞助的有影响力的帖子中；在18-24岁的Instagram用户中，63%的人关注受旅游影响的账户）可知，利用网络名人是一种非常有效的营销策略。故选A项。
10．观点态度题。根据第五段“We should be grateful for the global awareness it has given us, and the insight into new places and different means of travel. At the same time, it is equally important not to allow the posts we see to affect our self-image or reflect on our own experiences any differently.”（我们应该感谢它赋予我们的全球意识，以及对新地方和不同旅行方式的洞察。同时，同样重要的是，不要让我们看到的帖子影响我们的自我形象，或以任何不同的方式反思我们自己的经历）可知，作者认同旅游革命带来的益处，同时建议大家不要受到旅游革命的负面影响，所以作者对于旅游革命持有的态度是客观的。故选B项。
11．标题判断题。通读全文，根据第一段的“With the development of apps, social media has seemingly revolutionized the way we travel.（随着应用程序的发展，社交媒体似乎已经彻底改变了我们的旅行方式）”可知，文章主要介绍了社交媒体对于旅行的影响，所以“社交媒体对旅行的影响”可以作为文章标题。故选D项。
Most people don't think much about the food scraps they throw away; however, researchers in Tokyo have developed a new method to reduce food waste by recycling discarded fruit and vegetable scraps into robust construction materials.
Worldwide industrial and household food waste amounts to hundreds of billions of pounds per year, a large proportion of which comprises edible(可食用的) scraps, like fruit and vegetable peels. This unsustainable practice is both costly and environmentally unfriendly, so researchers have been searching for new ways to recycle these organic materials into useful products.
“Our goal was to use seaweed and common food scraps to construct i materials that were at least as strong as concrete,” explains Yuya Sakai, the senior author of the study. “But since we were using edible food waste, we were also interested in determining whether the recycling process impacted the flavor of the original materials.”
The researchers borrowed a “heat pressing” concept that is typically used to make construction materials from wood powder, except they used vacuum-dried, pulverized food scraps, such as seaweed, cabbage leaves, and orange, onion, pumpkin, and banana peels as the construction powders. The processing technique involved mixing the food powder with water and seasonings, and then pressing the mixture into a mold at high temperature. The researchers tested the bending strength of the resulting materials and monitored their taste, smell and appearance.
“With the exception of the specimen obtained from pumpkin, all of the materials exceeded our bending strength target,” says Kota Machida, a senior collaborator. “We also found that Chinese cabbage leaves, which produced a i material over three times stronger than concrete, could be mixed with the weaker pumpkin-based material to provide effective rein for cement.”
The new, robust materials kept their edible nature, and the addition of salt or sugar improved their taste without reducing their strength. Furthermore, the durable products resisted rot, fungi, and insects, and experienced no appreciable changes in appearance or taste after exposure to air for four months.
Given that food waste is a global financial burden and environmental concern, it is crucial to develop methods for recycling food scraps. Using these substance to prepare materials that are stronger enough for construction projects, but also maintain their edible nature and taste, opens the door to a wide range of creative applications.
12．Why do the researchers search for new ways to recycle organic materials?
A．Because the construction of robust material needs much food waste.
B．Because food waste is both costly and environmentally unfriendly.
C．Because they want to make a fortune by recycling the food waste.
D．Because the amount of food waste is too large to store at the moment.
13．What does the underlined word “comprises” mean in the second paragraph?
A．Contains. B．Processes. C．Presses. D．originate.
14．Which of the following is right according to the text?
A．All the materials obtained from food waste surpass researchers ' strength target.
B．The material produced from Chinese cabbage leaves is two times stronger than concrete.
C．There is a lot of room for creative use of this technology.
D．The new materials are strong enough for construction projects, but fail to maintain their original taste.
15．Where is the text probably from?
A．A tourist brochure. B．A recipe book. C．A biography book. D．A science magazine.
【答案】12．B13．A14．C15．D
【解析】本文是说明文。文章主要了一项研究，了东京的研究人员开发了一种新的方法，通过将废弃的水果和蔬菜残渣回收成坚固的建筑材料来减少食物浪费，这项科技有很大的发展空间。
12．细节理解题。根据第二段的“This unsustainable practice is both costly and environment ally unfriendly, so researchers have been searching for new ways to recycle these organic materials into useful products.( 这种不可持续的做法既昂贵，又对环境不友好，因此研究人员一直在寻找新的方法来将这些有机材料转化为有用的产品。)”可知，这种做法浪费了很多钱，对环境也不友好，所以科学家们一直在寻找新的方法，把这些废料变成有用的东西。而我们可以从第二段第一句得知这句话的"这种做法”为 food waste，因此推断因为食物浪费昂贵不环保，研究人员为此寻找新方法。故选B。
13．词义猜测题。分析句子可知，which引导定语从句，指代food waste，结合下文“edible(可食用的) scraps, like fruit and vegetable peels.(可食用的残羹剩饭，像水果和蔬菜的果皮)”可推断，食物浪费包括可食用的残羹剩饭，划线词与A项“包括”意思相近。故选A。
14．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段的“Using these substance to prepare materials that are stronger enough for construction projects, but also maintain their edible nature and taste, opens the door to a wide range of creative applications.( 使用这些物质来准备足够坚固的可用于建筑项目的材料，但也能保持其可食用的性质和味道，为广泛的创造性应用打开了大门)”可知， 用食物残余物来做成足够坚固的材料用于建筑工程，为未来技术打开了大门，因此推断这项技术有很大的创造性使用空间。故选C。
15．推理判断题。根据第一段的“researchers in Tokyo have developed a new method to reduce food waste by recycling discarded fruit and vegetable scraps into robust construction materials.(东京的研究人员开发了一种新的方法，将废弃的水果和蔬菜残渣回收制作成坚固的建筑材料)”和下文内容可知，文章主要介绍了一项研究，因此推断文章很可能来自科学杂志。故选D。
阅读理解【湖北省武汉市武昌区2021-2022学年高三上学期1月质量检测】
Connecting authors with audiences and helping readers discover new books, independent bookstores contribute greatly to the literacy and culture of the United States.
The Haunted Book Shop in Mobile, Alabama
Located in the charming downtown area of Mobile, Alabama, it is a heaven for writers in another way as well. It has a Writer’s Room where local authors can schedule time to write in a cool environment with easy access to reference books. It hyper-categorizes its fiction so that it’s easy to find exactly what you’re looking for. Beyond books, a friendly cat usually greets customers at the door.
Bart’s Books in Ojai, California
It occupies bookshelves which expand onto the grounds surrounding the shop. The outdoor shelves were designed to appear like Parisian booksellers along the Seine. The naturalistic setting represents the love of nature that draws many people to the Ojai Valley, and it is proud of being the world’s biggest outdoor bookstore. It has a wide variety of books in its collection of over 130,000 new and used books.
Little Shop of Stories in Decatur, Georgia
It is a beloved bookstore in historic Decatur Square in Decatur, Georgia. Specializing in finding the perfect books for children, people want every young reader who walks into the shop to see themselves reflected in the books on the shelves. Kids have even more opportunities to have fun, thanks to book-themed summer camps, a summer reading program.
Page & Palette in Fairhope, Alabama
It is a striking, memorable bookshop in Fairhope, a peaceful community in Alabama. It has been an independent, family-owned bookshop for three generations and has been considered a local landmark for decades. They host events for both nationally known authors and local up-and-comers. Kids will delight in stuffed animals and toys in addition to children’s books.
1．What makes The Haunted Book Shop different from other shops?
A．Its reading program. B．Its writing workshop.
C．Its abundant collection. D．Its outdoor bookshelves.
2．Who is more likely to visit Bart’s Books?
A．A booklover fond of cats. B．An author expert in history.
C．A teenager tired of city and noises. D．An amateur enthusiastic about writing.
3．What do Little Shop of Stories and Page & Palette have in common?
A．They appeal to children. B．They become landmarks.
C．They have a long history. D．They hold summer camps.
【答案】1．B2．C3．A
【解析】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了美国的四家独立书店，以及它们各自的特色。
1．细节理解题。根据The Haunted Book Shop in Mobile, Alabama部分的“It has a Writer’s Room where local authors can schedule time to write in a cool environment with easy access to reference books.（它有一间作家室，当地作家可以在那里安排时间，在凉爽的环境中写作，方便查阅参考书）”对比其他三个独立书店可知，只有Haunted Book Shop 有作家室，因此这是它不同于其他三个书店的地方。故选B。
2．推理判断题。根据Bart’s Books in Ojai, California部分的“The outdoor shelves were designed to appear like Parisian booksellers along the Seine. The naturalistic setting represents the love of nature that draws many people to the Ojai Valley, and it is proud of being the world’s biggest outdoor bookstore.（户外书架被设计成像巴黎塞纳河边的书商。自然主义的环境代表了对自然的热爱，这吸引了很多人来到欧康山谷，它为成为世界上最大的户外书店而自豪）”可知，该书店的环境优雅。由此推知，一个厌倦城市和噪音的青少年更有可能到这家书店。故选C。
3．细节理解题。根据Little Shop of Stories in Decatur, Georgia部分的“Kids have even more opportunities to have fun, thanks to book-themed summer camps, a summer reading program.（多亏了以书籍为主题的夏令营——一个暑期阅读项目，孩子们有更多的机会玩得开心）”和Page & Palette in Fairhope, Alabama部分的“Kids will delight in stuffed animals and toys in addition to children’s books.（除了儿童读物，孩子们还会喜欢毛绒玩具和玩具）”可知，这两家书店的共同之处是对小孩子有吸引力。故选A。
In the 17th century, the Netherlands experienced a period of artistic prosperity known as the Dutch Golden Age. During this period, artists found inspiration in Northern Renaissance painting techniques, contributing to masterpieces like Girl with a Pearl Earring by Johannes Vermeer. Known as the “Mona Lisa of the North”,this painting represents the best of Dutch art and it has become one of art history’s most beloved paintings.
Dutch artist Johannes Vermeer is famous for his paintings of contemporary Delft, a city in Holland where the artist was born, lived and died. Girl with a Pearl Earring is Vermeer’s most well-known work of art. However, it did not attain international fame at its time of completion. That came about at the end of the 20th century, when it was featured in a special exhibition in Washington, D．C．
Girl with a Pearl Earring does not show a specific person. Instead, it shows an unknown girl dressed in grand clothing who, “like a vision coming from the darkness,” art historian Arthur K. Wheelock explained in the Johannes Vermeer catalogue, “belongs to no specific time or place.”
Vermeer is known for his ability to create shapes and forms using light rather than line. This characteristic approach to modeling is particularly evident in Girl with a Pearl Earring. First, he would “invent”, or create an initial drawing on the canvas. Then, he made a single colored underpainting. Next, he added color. And, finally, in order to make the piece extraordinarily bright, he would apply a thin layer of glaze to certain parts of the painting.
In addition to its fascinating context and appealing beauty, the piece is celebrated for the mystery that surrounds it. “When you think about the Mona Lisa, she is also looking at us, but she isn’t engaging—she’s sitting back in the painting, self-contained,” Tracy Chevalier, the author of the New York Times bestselling historical novel, Girl with a Pearl Earring, points out. “While Girl with a Pearl Earring is right there—there is nothing between her and us. She has this magical quality of being incredibly open and yet mysterious at the same time—and that is what makes her so appealing.”
4．What inspired the creation of Girl with a Pearl Earring?
A．Previous artists’ skills. B．The appearance of the girl.
C．Vermeer’s international fame. D．Encouragement from other artists.
5．What do we know about Girl with a Pearl Earring?
A．It is set in the artist’s birthplace. B．It makes the artist famous overnight.
C．It describes a particular and exact girl. D．It is regarded as a match for Mona Lisa.
6．What is the purpose of paragraph 4?
A．To introduce the subject of the painting. B．To show techniques used in the painting.
C．To explain the artistic value of the painting. D．To uncover the mystery behind the painting.
7．How does Tracy comment on Girl with a Pearl Earring?
A．By citing a theory. B．By giving a definition.
C．By offering an example. D．By making a comparison.
【答案】4．A5．D6．B7．D
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了《戴珍珠耳环的女孩》的创作背景，使用到的绘画技巧以及对它的评价。
4．细节理解题。根据第一段的“In the 17th century, the Netherlands experienced a period of artistic prosperity known as the Dutch Golden Age. During this period, artists found inspiration in Northern Renaissance painting techniques, contributing to masterpieces like Girl with a Pearl Earring by Johannes Vermeer.（17世纪，荷兰经历了一段艺术繁荣时期，称为荷兰黄金时代。在这一时期，艺术家们从北方文艺复兴时期的绘画技巧中找到了灵感，创作出了Johannes Vermeer的杰作《戴珍珠耳环的女孩》）”可知，Girl with a Pearl Earring的创作是受到了文艺复兴时期艺术家绘画技巧的启发。故选A。
5．细节理解题。根据第一段的“Known as the “Mona Lisa of the North”,this painting represents the best of Dutch art and it has become one of art history’s most beloved paintings.（这幅画被称为“北方的蒙娜丽莎”，代表了荷兰艺术的精华，成为艺术史上最受欢迎的画作之一）”可知，Girl with a Pearl Earring被认为能和《蒙娜丽莎》媲美。故选D。
6．推理判断题。根据第四段“Vermeer is known for his ability to create shapes and forms using light rather than line. This characteristic approach to modeling is particularly evident in Girl with a Pearl Earring. First, he would “invent”, or create an initial drawing on the canvas. Then, he made a single colored underpainting. Next, he added color. And, finally, in order to make the piece extraordinarily bright, he would apply a thin layer of glaze to certain parts of the painting.（Vermeer以能用光而不是线创造形状而闻名。这种独特的造型方法在《戴珍珠耳环的女孩》身上尤为明显。首先，他会“发明”，或者在画布上创作一幅最初的图画。然后，他画了一幅单色底色。接下来，他添加了颜色。最后，为了让这幅画格外明亮，他会在画的某些部分涂上一层薄薄的釉料）”推知，本段的主要目的是介绍《戴珍珠耳环的女孩》这幅画使用到的技巧。故选B。
7．推理判断题。根据最后一段Tracy所说的话““When you think about the Mona Lisa, she is also looking at us, but she isn’t engaging—she’s sitting back in the painting, self-contained,” Tracy Chevalier, the author of the New York Times bestselling historical novel, Girl with a Pearl Earring, points out. “While Girl with a Pearl Earring is right there—there is nothing between her and us. She has this magical quality of being incredibly open and yet mysterious at the same time—and that is what makes her so appealing.”（《纽约时报》畅销书历史小说《戴珍珠耳环的女孩》的作者Tracy Chevalier指出：“当你想到《蒙娜丽莎》时，她也在看着我们，但她并不参与其中——她坐在画中，独立存在。”“而《戴珍珠耳环的女孩》就在那里——她和我们之间什么也没有。她有一种神奇的特质，既开放又神秘，这就是她如此吸引人的原因。”）”推知，Tracy是使用对比的方式对《戴珍珠耳环的女孩》进行评论的。故选D。
Do you want to level up your mask-wearing while also looking like you’re about to battle with Batman? This is life-wearing Razer Zephyr, a wearable air purifier. A version of Razer’s latest appliance made waves in January during the Consumer Electronics Show.
It’s no surprise that tech companies are considering a leap beyond the cloth and surgical masks that have come to define the COVID-19 pandemic. It has a hard shell with two belts to fit onto your head. There are two air exchange chambers（腔）on the front, featuring double circulating fans to help circulate cool air. The chambers feature N95 filters（过滤器）providing two-way protection for yourself and those around you. It’s also transparent（透明的）with inside lights and an anti-fog coating to help solve one of the key issues with mask-wearing: watching mouths move when you speak.
Good as the mask appears, will it protect you from COVID-19? According to Razer, the mask is registered with the Food and Drug Administration and lab tested for 99% BFE, or Bacterial Filtration Efficiency, a measure of how well it filters out bacteria. “It is not tested specifically against the COVID-19 virus, but offers the same functionality and adequate protection due to its 99% BFE rating," Razer’s website says.
There’s also the financial cost to consider. The mask itself is $99, and Razer sells a pack of 10 sets of N95 filters for $30. By comparison, a quick search for surgical masks on Amazon turned up a box of 50 masks for between $11-$14.
“I’ve tried out the $99 Zephyr for roughly a week now. Wearing the Zephyr feels comfortable. The adjustable head straps（带）allow for the ideal fit. Above all, it feels breathable thanks to the air circulating through its fans.” one commented on Amazon.
8．Why is the Zephyr made transparent?
A．To fix lights inside. B．To circulate cool air.
C．To test the anti-fog coating. D．To expose mouth movement.
9．What can be inferred from the third paragraph about the Zephyr?
A．It’s officially approved. B．It’s highly rated by consumers.
C．It’s specially designed against covid-19. D．It’s adequately protective against all viruses.
10．What probably appeal(s) to the buyer most according to the comment?
A．Its adjustable fans. B．Its air circulating system.
C．Its comfortable head straps. D．Its high but reasonable price.
11．What is the best title for the passage?
A．An Innovative Mask Makes a Hit B．Surgical Masks Are Being Improved
C．Wearable Technology Changes Our Life D．A New Treatment for Covid-19 Is on the Way
【答案】8．D9．A10．B11．A
【解析】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一种新型口罩，它是透明的、可以净化空气并且具有防护功能。
8．细节理解题。根据第二段“It’s also transparent with inside lights and an anti-fog coating to help solve one of the key issues with mask-wearing: watching mouths move when you speak.”（它还具有透明的内部灯光和防雾涂层，有助于解决戴口罩的一个关键问题：说话时看着嘴巴移动。）可知，Zephyr被制作成为透明的是因为这样可以在说话时看到嘴巴的动作。故选D项。
9．推理判断题。根据第三段“According to Razer, the mask is registered with the Food and Drug Administration”（Razer称，该口罩已在美国食品药物管理局注册）可知，Zephyr是官方批准的。故选A项。
10．细节理解题。根据第五段“Above all, it feels breathable thanks to the air circulating through its fans.”（最重要的是，由于风扇中的空气流通，它感觉透气。）可知，最可能吸引买家的是它的空气循环系统。故选B项。
11．主旨大意题。通读全文，文章主要介绍了Razer Zephyr这种新型的口罩，它所具有的优点以及人们使用之后做出好的评价，所以“创新的口罩大受欢迎”可以作为文章标题。故选A项。
A recent story in the Wall Street Journal newspaper looked at students who went to celebrated universities such as Columbia and New York University, for advanced degrees in subjects like art, film and even social work. Many of the students said they learned a lot. However, when they graduated, they were deep in debt and did not think they would find work that would let them pay back their loans.
Students said they spoke with Columbia about the high cost of advanced arts degrees but never received a reasonable answer. Education experts say the school is very wealthy, with large funds. The University, however, prefers to ask the students to pay the full cost.
Kevin Carey is a higher education expert for New America, a public policy research center. He called master's degrees "a scam" in a conversation. "Charging people a ton of money to go into any artistic career is often super problematic," he said.
Castillo is an actor in New York City. He earned an MFA from The Actors Studio in New York City. Was his MFA worth the cost?" I do think it was worth it. I don't put a price tag on my education or my experience. I think it's sort of unfortunate that so many people take education for granted." Castillo said students who are thinking about an advanced degree in art should be sure they are doing it because they value the education, not because they want money or to be famous.
Plazinska is a filmmaker in New York City. She attended graduate school both at Baylor University in Texas and at the University of low a. Arts graduate programs can help students meet and make friends with fellow artists with whom they can work throughout their careers. For school to be of value, students need to remember why they started making art in the beginning. "It's just for the pure pleasure of creating and fulfilling myself this way."
12．What's the problem for students in famous universities for art advanced degrees?
A．They can't take loans. B．They can't find any work.
C．They may be heavily in debt. D．They may drop out of university.
13．What does the underlined word “scam" in paragraph 3 mean?
A．Strategy. B．Trick. C．Dilemma. D．Challenge.
14．What does Castillo think of his MFA?
A．He thinks highly of it. B．It's money consuming.
C．He takes it for granted. D．It brings him fame and money.
15．What can we infer from the last two paragraphs?
A．Arts graduate programs ensure a promising future.
B．Students had better consider whether they can afford the fee.
C．Students should stick to their original objectives while learning.
D．Arts graduate programs introduce celebrity artists to their students.
【答案】12．C13．B14．A15．C
【解析】本文是议论文。文章探讨了获得艺术高级学位是否值得花费大量的金钱这一问题。
12．细节理解题。根据第一段的“A recent story in the Wall Street Journal newspaper looked at students who went to celebrated universities such as Columbia and New York University, for advanced degrees in subjects like art, film and even social work. Many of the students said they learned a lot. However, when they graduated, they were deep in debt and did not think they would find work that would let them pay back their loans.( 《华尔街日报》(Wall Street Journal)最近的一篇报道调查了哥伦比亚大学(Columbia University)和纽约大学(New York University)等著名大学的学生，他们获得了艺术、电影甚至社会工作等专业的高级学位。许多学生说他们学到了很多。然而，当他们毕业时，他们负债累累，并且不认为他们能找到一份能让他们偿还贷款的工作。)”可知，在著名的大学获取艺术高级学位的学生的问题是他们可能会负债累累。故选C。
13．词义猜测题。根据下文“‘Charging people a ton of money to go into any artistic career is often super problematic,’he said.( 他说：“向从事任何艺术事业的人收取大量的钱通常是非常成问题的。”)”可知，Kevin Carey认为收取大量的钱是有问题的，因此推断划线句句意为：在一次谈话中，他称硕士学位是“骗局”。划线词与B项“骗局”意思相近。故选B。
14．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的“‘ I do think it was worth it. I don't put a price tag on my education or my experience. I think it's sort of unfortunate that so many people take education for granted.’Castillo said students who are thinking about an advanced degree in art should be sure they are doing it because they value the education, not because they want money or to be famous.( “我确实认为这是值得的。我不会用我的教育或经验来衡量。这么多人认为教育是理所当然的，我认为这是一种不幸。”Castillo说，那些想要获得更高艺术学位的学生应该确信他们这样做是因为他们重视教育，而不是因为他们想要钱或出名。)”可推断，Castillo认为MFA是值得的，对它评价很高。故选A。
15．推理判断题。根据最后一段的“For school to be of value, students need to remember why they started making art in the beginning. ‘It's just for the pure pleasure of creating and fulfilling myself this way.’(为了让学业有价值，学生们需要记住他们当初为什么开始创作艺术。“用这种方式只是为了创造和实现自己的纯粹乐趣。)”可推断，学生在学习的时候应该坚持自己最初的目标。故选C。
阅读理解【广东省普通高中2021-2022学年高三上学期12月联合质量测评】
Pick up something you can’t put down
The Unequal Twins
Sylva Kanderal
www.xlibris.com
Hardback I Paperback I E-book
$28.99 I $16.99 II $3.99
What if the twins Ava and Zoe, who could hardly be distinguished from each other visually and who could not have been more different in character, had to go through a hell of envy, jealousy, and malice?
Where does that trail lead to? To a total loss of their connection, or are they finding the lost path to each other again?
Quotes from the Quiver
Dante P. Galiber, MD, FACC
www. authorhouse. com
Hardback I Paperback I E-book
$43.99 I $22.99 I $3.99
Inspired by time, space, and human interaction, this collection offers a series of original and thought-provoking ideas and quotations designed to uplift and enlighten.
Johnny Catching Fire
Aaron Allen
www. xlibris.com
Hardback I Paperback I E-book
$22.99 I $16.99 I $3.99
God gave Johnny the strength of Samson. Now, he must decide whether to use his power for good or to get even with those who bullied him.
Ting Ting, the Girl Who Saved China
Ryan O’connor
www. xlibris. com
Hardback I Paperback I E-book
$22.99 I $16.99 I $3.99
Ting Ting, the Girl Who Saved China provides insight into China’s biggest holiday, gives a sense of its culture, and shows that girls are just as strong and brave as boys are.
How to Help Yourself to Be Who You Want to Be
A Simple Guide for Those Who Are Ready to Take Charge and Redirect Their Lives
Pam Grewall
www. iuniverse. com
Hardback I Paperback I E-book
$23.99 I $13.99 I $3.99
This self-improvement book offers a simple manual to help one recognize their strengths and weaknesses and to understand how to make their own destiny.
1．If you are a fairy tales lover, you would prefer the works of________.
A．Pam Grewall
B．Ryan O’connor
C．Dante P. Galiber, MD, FACC
D．Aaron Allen
2．Which book would you recommend to someone interested in Chinese culture?
A．Johnny Catching Fire
B．How to Help Yourself to Be Who You Want to Be
C．Ting Ting, the Girl Who Saved China
D．The Unequal Twins
3．What can we learn from the information?
A．One can buy 3 books in hardback with $60.
B．The Unequal Twins will impress the readers with the true love between the twins.
C．Quotes from the Quiver is intended to improve readers’ social interaction skills.
D．How to Help Yourself to Be Who You Want to Be will be a good choice for those who are at a loss in their lives.
【答案】1．D2．C3．D
【解析】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了五本文学作品，包括它们的作者、售价以及内容等信息。
1．细节理解题。根据Johnny Catching Fire部分中的“God gave Johnny the strength of Samson. Now, he must decide whether to use his power for good or to get even with those who bullied him.(上帝赋予了Johnny大力士的力量。现在，他必须决定是善用自己的能力，还是报复那些欺负他的人) ”可知，这本书是有关神话故事的，该书作者为Aaron Allen。故选D。
2．细节理解题。根据Ting Ting, the Girl Who Saved China部分中的“Ting Ting, the Girl Who Saved China provides insight into China’s biggest holiday, gives a sense of its culture, and shows that girls are just as strong and brave as boys are.(婷婷，《拯救中国的女孩》让我们了解了中国最重要的节日，感受了中国的文化，并向我们展示了女孩和男孩一样坚强勇敢。)”，可知，Ting Ting, the Girl Who Saved China这本书讲到了中国文化。故选C。
3．推理判断题。根据How to Help Yourself to Be Who You Want to Be部分中的“A Simple Guide for Those Who Are Ready to Take Charge and Redirect Their Lives(这是一个简明指导，适用于那些准备好掌控和改变生活方向的人)”以及“This self-improvement book offers a simple manual to help one recognize their strengths and weaknesses and to understand how to make their own destiny.”（这本自我提升的书提供了一个简单的手册，帮助一个人认识自己的长处和弱点，并理解如何创造自己的命运。）可推知，这本书提供人生指导，对于正处于人生迷茫的人而言，是一个不错的阅读选择。故选D。
My nephew Sam was the only child of the family. His parents proudly showed him off; his aunts and uncles tried to be the first to hold him. But later things changed.
Due to the need of my job, my family lived with Sam’s family for a short time. By this time, my daughter Sophie was almost 3, and was a remarkably intelligent little girl. She could sing children’s songs and recite little poems. Sophie’s aunts and uncles were fascinated by her sweetness. Sam, who was seven, had to tolerate this new little human, but wasn’t quick to give away his high position.
Sophie’s third birthday was about to be celebrated, and the family had gathered presents. We were all busy getting the party ready when we heard the sharp cry from Sophie. Instantly, a half dozen adults moved as one and found Sophie sitting on the ground crying. She might have fallen off the seat of her well-decorated chair. We picked her up, comforted her and dried her tears. Finally, she settled like a queen on the royal throne of the birthday girl.
Nine years later, we went camping. Around the campfire, Sam spoke. He spoke of the agony he had been feeling for almost a decade. With a deep sigh, he shared his secret. During Sophie’s 3-year-old birthday, a fire of jealousy came from the proud and depressive guy when his position had been taken away by Sophie. He had waited for his moment. And then it came as Sophie was going to sit on her birthday chair. How he delighted in hearing the sound of his competitor hitting on the floor and crying. Sam really apologized then; his voice was soft and sincere.
Though Sam was seven, he was old enough to feel jealous of his cousin and played his hoax.
As he grew older, he realized his mistake, and eventually apologized and laid his burden down.
4．How did Sam feel about Sophie at first?
A．He had a hatred of her.
B．He was afraid of her.
C．He took no notice of her.
D．He envied her cleverness.
5．What made Sophie cry on her birthday in the author’s family’s opinion?
A．Her being startled by Sam.
B．Her hitting on the seat.
C．Her having a fight with Sam.
D．Her falling down from the chair.
6．What was Sam’s secret about?
A．He was responsible for Sophie’s cry.
B．He laughed at Sophie’s stupidity.
C．He took up Sophie’s position.
D．He broke Sophie’s chair.
7．Which words can best describe Sam after he shared his secret?
A．Upset and painful.
B．Quiet and peaceful.
C．Gentle and regretful.
D．Ashamed and relaxed.
【答案】4．A5．D6．A7．D
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了山姆小时候因为嫉妒把表妹弄哭，九年后，向家人说出这个秘密，后悔自己的行为，在说出秘密后，感觉如释重负。
4．推理判断题。根据第二段关键句“Sophie’s aunts and uncles were fascinated by her sweetness. Sam, who was seven, had to tolerate this new little human, but wasn’t quick to give away his high position.”（索菲的叔叔阿姨们被她的甜美迷住了。七岁的山姆不得不容忍这个新来的小人，但他并没有很快失去自己的崇高地位。）可知，因为叔叔阿姨们很喜欢索菲，威胁了山姆的地位，这让山姆很嫉妒，但又不得不容忍，再结合下文他把女儿弄哭的事情可知，山姆一开始很厌恶索菲。故选A项。
5．细节理解题。根据第三段关键句“We were all busy getting the party ready when we heard the sharp cry from Sophie. Instantly, a half dozen adults moved as one and found Sophie sitting on the ground crying. She might have fallen off the seat of her well-decorated chair.”（我们正忙着准备聚会，突然听到索菲的尖叫声。刹那间，六个成年人一齐行动，发现索菲坐在地上哭泣。她可能从装饰得很好的椅子上摔了下来。）可知，作者一家人看到索菲坐在地上哭泣，推测可能是因为她从装饰得很好的椅子上摔了下来，由此可知，在作者的家人看来，苏菲在生日那天哭了是因为她从椅子上摔了下来。故选D项。
6．细节理解题。根据倒数第三段关键句“With a deep sigh, he shared his secret. During Sophie’s 3-year-old birthday, a fire of jealousy came from the proud and depressive guy when his position had been taken away by Sophie. He had waited for his moment. And then it came as Sophie was going to sit on her birthday chair. How he delighted in hearing the sound of his competitor hitting on the floor and crying.”（他深深地叹了一口气，说出了他的秘密。在索菲3岁生日期间，当他的位置被索菲夺走时，一股嫉妒之火从这个傲慢、抑郁的家伙身上喷涌而出。他一直在等待时机。就在索菲准备坐在生日椅上的时候机会来了。听到竞争对手撞击地板和哭泣的声音，他是多么高兴啊。）可知，山姆说出了他的秘密，因为嫉妒，他把索菲弄哭了，由此可知，山姆的秘密是他应该对苏菲的哭泣负责。故选A项。
7．推理判断题。根据倒数第三段关键句“With a deep sigh, he shared his secret.”（他深深地叹了一口气，说出了他的秘密。）和“Sam really apologized then; his voice was soft and sincere.”（山姆当时真的道歉了；他的声音柔和而真诚。）可知，当山姆说出这个秘密时，深深地叹了一口气，声音柔和而真诚，由此可知，他知道自己做错了，说出他的秘密后，应该是感到羞愧的。根据最后一段内容“As he grew older, he realized his mistake, and eventually apologized and laid his burden down.”（随着年龄的增长，他意识到了自己的错误，最终道歉并放下了负担。）可知，道歉后，山姆放下了心中的负担，由此可知，他是感到放松的，由此可推断出，在山姆说出他的秘密后，他是感觉羞愧和放松的。故选D项。
The word hobby has an interesting history, and so does the concept of the hobby itself. Cultural attitudes have changed greatly about which ones are worth pursuing, and indeed whether having a hobby is desirable at all.
It is probably safe to say that when hobby was first used in the 15th century, most people didn’t have one, as it referred to a particular kind of horse. A hobby was a small horse that could “amble”(漫步), a particularly smooth, quick gait(步态)that was prized for long rides over terrible roads. According to the Oxford English Dictionary, the word is a shortened form of Hobbin, the name for a cart-horse, like Rover for a dog.
The hobby also had a part in medieval folk celebrations. Mummers and Morris dancers often included a person or two dressed up in horse costume, or pretending to ride a wooden stick with a horse’s head. Such hobbyhorses made popular children’s toys, too. Since hobbyhorses were the toys of young children and mime actors, “riding one’s hobby-horse” or being “on one’s hobby” became an idiom for wildly pursuing an idea or activity that looks silly to others.
Hobbies were considered slightly embarrassing, though mostly harmless, through the 18th century. In the 19th century, they grew more socially acceptable as middle-class leisure time increased. It became de rigueur for both men and women to pursue activities that would have seemed strange or shallow a century before.
In the early 20th century, according to historian Steven Gelber, hobbies “got rid of the old stigma of eccentricity(古怪的旧污名)” and came to be seen as a way to fill life with meaning and dignity. With a hobby, people could choose their own goals and progress toward them.
8．What determines whether having a hobby is desirable?
A．History B．Concept C．Cultural attitudes D．Pursuits
9．What can we learn from the word hobby?
A．Hobby was referred to a horse in 19th century.
B．“Riding one’s hobby-horse” is a positive expression to describe a person’s enthusiasm about his pursuit.
C．Hobbies were totally socially acceptable in the 18th century.
D．Hobbies became desirable in the early 20th century.
10．What does the underlined part mean in paragraph 4?
A．Necessary B．Unsuitable C．Illegal D．Changeable
11．Which is the best title of the passage?
A．A new concept of the word “hobby”
B．An evolution of the meaning of the word “hobby”
C．A trend of narrowing the meaning of the word “hobby”
D．A new way of the application of the word “hobby”
【答案】8．C9．D10．A11．B
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了 hobby这个单词词义发展的有趣历史，它的意思随着文化态度的变化而变化。
8．细节理解题。根据第一段内容“Cultural attitudes have changed greatly about which ones are worth pursuing, and indeed whether having a hobby is desirable at all.关于什么东西值得被追求和爱好是否可取，文化态度上发生了极大地改变)” 可知，文化态度决定了爱好是否可取。故选C。
9．推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句“In the early 20th century, according to historian Steven Gelber, hobbies “got rid of the old stigma of eccentricity（古怪的旧污名）” and came to be seen as a way to fill life with meaning and dignity. (历史学家Steven Gelber认为，在20世纪初，爱好“摆脱了古怪的旧污名”，被视为一种让生活充满意义和尊严的方式)”可推知，爱好逐渐地变得令人向往。故选D。
10．词句猜测题。根据第四段第二句“In the 19th century, they grew more socially acceptable as middle-class leisure time increased. (19世纪，随着中产阶级闲暇时间的增加，它们越来越被社会所接受)” 中they指的是“爱好”，可知爱好逐渐得到了认可，由此可推知，本来在一个世纪前还被视为奇怪和肤浅的社会活动现在看来是符合时尚的，是必需的。因而得知划线词de rigueur与A项Necessary“必需的”意思相近。故选A。
11．主旨大意题。根据第一段第一句“The word hobby has an interesting history, and so does the concept of the hobby itself. (“爱好”这个词有着有趣的历史，它本身的概念也是如此)”结合后文的讲述可知，B项“An evolution of the meaning of the word “hobby”(“爱好”一词含义的演变)”适合作为本文的标题。故选B。
In the past, video conference technology was mainly used for just a few elements of business meetings or hangouts with friends and family. Now, video conference tools are essential for our productivity, learning and social interaction. We use them not only for fun, but mainly as a meaningful part of our work.
However, once we start to join endless video calls for a few hours each day, we become very tired. This term is called “zoom fatigue”, and it’s related to overusing virtual communication platforms.
There are some advantages of using video conferencing tools. Without them, it might be impossible for us to work from home. But what we haven’t expected is a price that we need to pay for that sort of convenience.
When we are having a face-to-face conversation with others, everything seems pretty natural. While speaking, you look into the eyes, sometimes slightly moving your stare onto something else. You know when to stop talking and when to speak up. Even if you’re in a conference room with 10 people, you don’t have a terrible feeling of being observed all the time. You notice that people mostly look at the person who is speaking, and then they move their attention onto someone else. But when you use a teleconferencing tool, things are different. Being physically on camera makes you very aware of being watched all the time, because you don’t know who is looking at you. You just see many faces on your screen.
Marissa Shuffler from Clemson University once said, “When you’re on a video conference, you know everybody’s looking at you; you are on stage, so there comes the social pressure—a feeling like you need to perform. Being performative is stressful.”
Moreover, there is another interesting tendency as far as video calls are concerned. Who are you looking at most of the time? The answer is yourself. For most people, it’s hard not to look at their own face if they can see it on the screen. We are likely to make sure that our head is at the right angle and that our shirt isn’t creased.
12．What is the so-called “zoom fatigue”?
A．The fast pace of our modern life.
B．Boredom caused by too many video calls.
C．The wide spread of video technology
D．Burnout associated with overusing online platforms
13．What can video calls bring us when compared with face-to-face conversations?
A．Higher cost.
B．More stress.
C．More free time.
D．Better performance.
14．Why do we look at ourselves most of the time on the screen?
A．To be well-behaved. B．To get some comfort.
C．To grow self-confidence. D．To attract others’ attention.
15．What is the text mainly about?
A．The popularity of video calls.
B．People’s attitude towards video calls.
C．Some unforeseen effects of video calls.
D．Changes in people’s way of communication。
【答案】12．D13．B14．A15．C
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了视频会议技术给我们带来了便利，但与此同时也带给我们一些意料之外的负面影响。
12．细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“This term is called “zoom fatigue”, and it’s related to overusing virtual communication platforms.(这个术语被称为“变焦疲劳”，它与过度使用虚拟通信平台有关)”可知，“zoom fatigue”过渡使用在线平台而引起的疲劳。故选D。
13．推理判断题。结合第四段对面对面交谈的阐述及第五段中“you are on stage, so there comes the social pressure—a feeling like you need to perform.(你就像站在舞台上，因此带来了社会压力——一种你需要表演的感觉)”可推知，视频通话会给人带来更大的压力。故选B。
14．推理判断题。根据第六段最后“We are likely to make sure that our head is at the right angle and that our shirt isn’t creased.(我们可能会确保我们的头处于正确的角度，并且我们的衬衫没有褶皱)”可知，人们关注自己是想确认自己表现良好，呈现出最佳的状态。故选A。
15．主旨大意题。根据第三段最后一句“But what we haven’t expected is a price that we need to pay for that sort of convenience.(但我们没有预料到的是，我们需要为这种便利付出代价)”并结合后文内容可知，本文主要讲述视频通话技术在给人们带来便捷的同时，也带来了一些始料不及的负面影响。 故选C。
阅读理解【福建省“永安一中、德化一中”两校2020-2021学年高中毕业班联考】
Social networking websites are an important tool for us to keep up with the world, make new friends, and share pictures, videos, or bits of interesting news. But for people who have very specific interests, a comprehensive site like Twitter is not sufficient. They want to be part of a supportive online community that shares their particular passions. The following are examples of specialized websites for these people.
Stache Passions
It is a social site for people who wear, admire, or have an interest in moustaches. It features photos of men with all sizes and styles of moustaches, forums for discussing the history, growing, and styling of the stache, and even a meet-up page to help you meet other moustache-lovers.
Horyou
It is a website for people who want to do good in the world. On the site, you can connect with other social activists and entrepreneurs (企业家), plan meetings, share fund-raising strategies, and keep up with thousands of people who are working hard to make the world a better place.There are no funny videos here, but Horyou offers its own web-based video channel that features programs and documentaries about. efforts to improve people’s lives around the globe. Watching them will warm your heart and inspire you to work harder for a better world.
Purrsonals
It is a specialized site for those who love cats. Here you can meet and chat with cat-loving friends, set up play-dates with local people and their pets, and even find a temporary home for a cat in need. If your friends don’t like it when you share endless cute cat videos on your regular social site, Purrsonals is where people are sure to appreciate them!
1．Which site might be useful for those who are interested in appearance?
A．Twitter. B．Stache Passions.
C．Horyou. D．Purrsonals.
2．What can you do on Horyou?
A．Watch funny short films. B．Collect ideas for making videos.
C．Advertise for social activists. D．Discuss how to raise money.
3．Which of the following is true about Purrsonals?
A．It offers a great many cat videos. B．It collects beautiful photos of cats.
C．It helps people find their lost pets. D．It enables people to adopt various pets.
【答案】1．B2．D3．A
【解析】本文是应用文。文章主要介绍了三个特色网站。
1．细节理解题。根据Stache Passions部分“It is a social site for people who wear, admire, or have an interest in moustaches.”( 这是一个面向那些对穿着，欣赏，或对胡子感兴趣的人们的社交网站。)由此可知，对外表感兴趣的人，这个网站或许是有用的。故选B项。
2．细节理解题。根据Horvou部分“On the site, you can connect with other social activists and entrepreneurs (企业家), plan meetings, share fund-raising strategies, and keep up, with thousands of people who are working hard to make the world a better place.”( 在这个网站上，你可以与其他社会活动家和企业家建立联系，与成千上万的努力工作让世界成为一个更好的地方的人一起计划会议、分享筹款策略，齐步前进。)可知，在Horyou网站上，你可以讨论如何筹款。故选D项。
3．细节理解题。根据Purrsonals部分“If your friends don’t like it when you share endless cute eat videos on your regular social site, Purrsonals is where people are sure to appreciate them!”( 如果你的朋友不喜欢你在社交网站上无止境地分享可爱的猫咪视频，那么Pursonals肯定是人们一定欣赏的地方）)可知，这个网站经常提供许多猫的视频。故选A项。
In Los Angeles, UPS driver Hector Vesco noticed that while he did his normal route, there was one kid who looked sad.
Once Hector understood why the boy looked upset, he jumped into action. A father of two himself, he knew that he would have to check in with the parents. Using a blank UPS slip, Hector wrote out a note reading, “Hi, this is Hector, your UPS driver. I’ve seen your son plenty of times on the balcony and he seemed very sad that he didn’t get any package. When he asked me if I had any package for him, I told him, ‘Don’t worry. Maybe next time.’ So, anyway, I’ve bought something and put it in box. Just wanted to know his name.” Hector also shared his number so that the parents could contact him directly.
After getting all the information he needed from the mother BrookeWalbuck, Hector showed up the next day and surprised the boy, Langston, with the delivery.
Of course, the gesture of delivering the parcel was nice enough, but it turned out what was inside made it even better! When Langston opened up the box, he found a collection of toy cars and a bunch of candy. It didn’t get much better than that for a little boy.
After the delivery was made, Brooke sent a follow-up text to thank Hector again. In his reply, Hector stated that he had two daughters himself. He kept a bunch of toy cars he had collected over the years. When he met Langston, he knew it was the perfect opportunity to put them to good use.
In his message back to Brooke, he also intentioned that Langston helped him remember how many kids, along with his, had to live through the COVID-19 pandemic (疫情). “Our kids are our world and the future,” he said. “I just want to show some love.”
Before the pandemic, you probably didn’t think too much about the people who delivered your packages. But in times of pandemic, delivery drivers like Hector have some of the most important jobs!
4．What do we know about Hector Vesco?
A．He worked for a delivery company.
B．He collected toy cars for boys.
C．He was familiar with the Walbucks.
D．He informed Langston of his own number.
5．Which of the following does the underlined “it” in Paragraph 4 refer to?
A．The box. B．The gift.
C．The parcel. D．The gesture.
6．How were the Walbucks influenced by the delivery?
A．Langston was cheered up in the pandemic.
B．Brooke was grateful to Hector’s kids.
C．Brooke was regretful for ignoring her son.
D．Langston was disappointed with the used toys.
7．What does the author mainly intend to convey in the text?
A．The pandemic affects the globe. B．Children love toy cars and candies.
C．Ordinary people can be extraordinary. D．Old products can serve new purposes.
【答案】4．A5．D6．A7．C
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了UPS司机Hector Vesco注意到自己送货途中有一个孩子Langston看起来很悲伤，于是他向男孩的父母了解了男孩的信息，为他送去了一盒子玩具车和糖果，鼓舞了男孩。虽然他只是一个普通的送货司机，但是他做了不平凡的事。
4．细节理解题。根据第一段“In Los Angeles, UPS driver Hector Vesco noticed that while he did his normal route, there was one kid who looked sad.(在洛杉矶，UPS司机Hector Vesco注意到，当他日常送货时，有一个孩子看起来很悲伤)”可知，Hector Vesco在一家快递公司工作。故选A项。
5．词义猜测题。根据指代关系和“Of course, the gesture of delivering the parcel was nice enough, but it turned out what was inside made it even better!（当然，送包裹的善意已经足够好了，但里面的东西让它变得更好!）”中“the gesture...was nice enough”和“made it even better”，可知，代词it指代的即上文的“gesture”。故选D项。
6．推理判断题。根据第四段中“When Langston opened up the box, he found a collection of toy cars and a bunch of candy. It didn't get much better than that for a little boy. (当Langston打开盒子时，他发现里面有一堆玩具车和一堆糖果。对一个小男孩来说，没有比这更好的了)”以及第五段中“After the delivery was made, Brooke sent a follow-up text to thank Hector again.(送完货后，Brooke又发了一条短信再次感谢Hector) ”可推知，Langston在这场疫情中受到鼓舞，从而也影响了Walbuck一家人。故选A项。
7．推理判断题。通读全文并根据最后一段“Before the pandemic, you probably didn’t think too much about the people who delivered your packages. But in times of pandemic, delivery drivers like Hector have some of the most important jobs!(在疫情之前，你可能不会对给你送包裹的人想太多。但在疫情时期，像Hector这样的送货司机有一些最重要的工作！)”可知，文章主要讲述了UPS司机Hector Vesco注意到自己送货途中有一个孩子Langston看起来很悲伤，于是他向男孩的父母了解了男孩的信息，为他送去了一盒子玩具车和糖果，鼓舞了男孩。虽然他只是一个普通的送货司机，但是他做了不平凡的事，由此推知，作者在文章中主要想表达“普通人也可以不平凡”的道理。故选C项。
Our suits have four layers: thermal (保暖的) underwear on the inside, followed by an electrically heated bodysuit, a thick wool coat, and a half-inch-thick layer of rubber outerwear. There’re two layers of hoods, waterproof gloves and 35 pounds of weights. There are two batteries for the heated bodysuit, a backup gas container, and finally, my photography equipment. We look like astronauts minus the helmets.
When we finally dive into the freezing water, we’re wearing 200 pounds each. The cold quickly numbs the few square inches of exposed skin on our cheeks, and as the dive goes on, it spreads into our suits and gloves, biting even harder. It’s almost unbearable. Toward the end, as we’re pausing on our way up to let the pressure drop, we search for anything to distract (使分心) us from the pain.When we finally drag ourselves out of the freezing ocean, I lie face down on the ice, my brain dulled, my skin hard and wrinkled, my lips, hands, and feet swollen and unconscious (无知觉的) — then, as my body warms and the blood starts to flow again, the intense pain is at its worst.
What could possibly make this worthwhile? The sight! Only a few species of seals, penguins, and other birds live in East Antarctica, and no land mammals at all. Below, it’s a rich garden. Antarctic marine life has been largely isolated from the rest of the planet for millions of years, ever since the continent separated from the other continents and froze over. Since then the powerful Antarctic Circumpolar Current has surrounded Antarctica from west to east, creating a sharp change in temperature that prevents the spread of marine animals. The long isolation has allowed a surprising diversity of species, unique to the region, to evolve on the seafloor.
The waters under Antarctic ice are like Mount Qomolangma: magical, but extremely unfriendly. Nothing short of full commitment gets you anywhere. The demand is too great. But that’s what makes the images you see here so breathtaking, and the experience of having photographed them and of having seen this place so unforgettable.
8．What does the author intend to tell us in Paragraph 1?
A．How entertaining a diver appears to be.
B．How fully prepared the divers are.
C．How advanced modern technologies are.
D．How heavy the astronauts’ equipment is.
9．The divers suffer the greatest pain when they ______.
A．dive into the water B．begin to resurface
C．regain consciousness D．reach the deepest spot
10．What do we know about marine species in Antarctica?
A．They can be found elsewhere on the planet.
B．They have unimpressive biological diversity.
C．They live relatively independently geographically.
D．They experience sharp changes in temperature.
11．What makes the diving experience in Antarctica so worthwhile?
A．The challenging circumstances of the diving.
B．The amazing scenery and pictures taken.
C．The long-standing reputation of Antarctica.
D．The divers’ devotion to the tough task.
【答案】8．B9．C10．C11．B
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了潜水员在南极冰层下的水域潜水的之前要做好足够的准备，并且承受痛苦。但是南极冰层下的水域的令人惊叹的风景和照片也使得在这里潜水变得值得。
8．推理判断题。通读第一段，并结合第一段第一句“Our suits have four layers:（我们的潜水服有四层）”和最后一句“We look like astronauts minus the helmets.（我们看起来像没戴头盔的宇航员）”可知，本段主要介绍了潜水员在潜水之前所做的充分准备。故选B。
9．细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“When we finally drag ourselves out of the freezing ocean, I lie face down on the ice, my brain dulled, my skin hard and wrinkled, my lips, hands, and feet swollen and unconscious (无知觉的)— then, as my body warms and the blood starts to flow again, the intense pain is at its worst.（当我们最终把自己从冰冷的海洋中拖出来时，我脸朝下躺在冰上，大脑迟钝，皮肤坚硬，布满皱纹，嘴唇、手和脚肿胀，失去知觉 。然后，当我的身体变暖，血液开始再次流动时，剧烈的疼痛达到了最严重的程度）”可知，当潜水员恢复知觉之后，剧烈的疼痛达到了最严重的程度。故选C。
10．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Antarctic marine life has been largely isolated from the rest of the planet for millions of years, ever since the continent separated from the other continents and froze over.（自从南极大陆与其他大陆分离并被冻结以来，数百万年来，南极海洋生物基本上与地球其他地方隔绝）”可知南极海洋生物在地球上相对独立地生活。故选C。
11．推理判断题。根据第三段“What could possibly make this worthwhile? The sight!（是什么让这一切变得值得呢?风景!）”最后一段“But that’s what makes the images you see here so breathtaking, and the experience of having photographed them and of having seen this place so unforgettable.（但这正是让你在这里看到的照片如此令人惊叹的原因，也是让拍摄这些照片的经历和看到这个地方的经历如此令人难忘的原因）”可推知，令人惊艳的风景和拍摄照片让南极潜水值得做。故选B。
When making choices, people assume that they pick what they like. However, research suggests that we like something strictly because we have chosen it. In other words, we dislike things we don’t choose. And this phenomenon has existed since we were babies.
In an experiment, US researchers brought several 10-to 20-month-old babies into a lab and gave them two same bright and colorful soft blocks to play with. They set each block far apart, so the babies had to crawl (爬) to one or the other—a random choice. After the baby chose one of the toys, the researchers took it away and came back with a new option. The babies could then pick either the toy they didn’t play with before, or a brand new toy. It turned out that the babies reliably chose to play with the new toy rather than the one they had not chosen.
In follow-up experiments, when researchers instead helped choose which toy the baby would play with, the phenomenon disappeared. “As if they were saying, ‘Hmm, I didn’t choose that object last time, because I guess I didn’t like it very much,” said Lisa Feigenson, co-author of the study.
This is a very important phenomenon in life, Feigenson noted. Adults will less like the thing they didn’t choose, even if they had no real preference in the first place. It looks like babies do just the same.
It shows that the act of making choices changes how we feel about our options. The random choices might become our preferences. “They are really not choosing based on whether they are novel or what they prefer,” said Alex Silver, co-author of the study.
This new finding explains why adults build unconscious preference when they make choices between the same things. Justifying (证明有道理) choice is somehow fundamental to the human experience. “I chose this, so I must like it. I didn’t choose the other thing, so it can not be so good. Adults make these inferences unconsciously,” Feigenson said.
12．What is the purpose of the experiments?
A．To test whether people choose what they like.
B．To see why babies prefer new toys to old ones.
C．To explain how babies and adults make choices differently.
D．To study if too many choices could create problems for people.
13．What can be learned from the experiments?
A．Babies prefer bright and colorful toys.
B．Babies’ preference largely affects their choices.
C．Babies prefer adults to help them make choices .
D．Babies’ previous random choices affect their preference.
14．Why is the new finding important in life?
A．It entirely changes our attitude to our choices.
B．It helps us make wise decisions in a consumer culture.
C．It promotes the relationship between adults and babies.
D．It helps us understand our unconscious preference for choices.
15．What can be the best title for the text?
A．Babies like what they choose B．Random choices matter
C．Too many choices puzzle the adults D．Preference affects the choice
【答案】12．A13．D14．D15．B
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项新发现，随机选择可能会成为我们的偏好，这项发现能够解释为什么成年人在相同的事情之间做出选择时会产生无意识的偏好。
12．推理判断题。根据第一段关键句“However, research suggests that we like something strictly because we have chosen it. In other words, we dislike things we don’t choose.”（然而，研究表明，我们喜欢某样东西是因为我们选择了它。换句话说，我们不喜欢我们没有选择的东西。）可知，研究表明的是我们的喜好和我们的选择之间的关系，这也是本文要讨论的话题，由此可推断出，下文实验也是围绕这一话题进行的，目的是为了测试人们是否选择他们喜欢的东西。故选A项。
13．细节理解题。根据第四段内容“This is a very important phenomenon in life, Feigenson noted. Adults will less like the thing they didn’t choose, even if they had no real preference in the first place. It looks like babies do just the same.”（Feigenson指出，这是生活中非常重要的现象。成年人不会喜欢他们没有选择的东西，即使他们一开始没有真正的偏好。看起来婴儿也一样。）和第五段关键句“It shows that the act of making choices changes how we feel about our options. The random choices might become our preferences.”（它表明做出选择的行为改变了我们对自己选择的感觉。随机选择可能会成为我们的偏好。）可知，实验表明随机选择可能会成为我们的偏好，由此可知，婴儿先前的随机选择会影响他们的偏好。故选D项。
14．推理判断题。根据第六段关键句“This new finding explains why adults build unconscious preference when they make choices between the same things.”（这项新发现解释了为什么成年人在相同的事情之间做出选择时会产生无意识的偏好。）可知，这项发现能够解释为什么成年人在相同的事情之间做出选择时会产生无意识的偏好，由此可知，这项新发现在生活中是重要的，是因为它帮助我们理解了我们对选择的无意识的偏好。故选D项。
15．主旨大意题。浏览文章，结合第一段关键句“However, research suggests that we like something strictly because we have chosen it. In other words, we dislike things we don’t choose. And this phenomenon has existed since we were babies.”（然而，研究表明，我们喜欢某样东西是因为我们选择了它。换句话说，我们不喜欢我们没有选择的东西。这种现象在我们还是婴儿的时候就已经存在了。）可知，文章主要介绍了一项新发现，随机选择可能会成为我们的偏好，这项发现能够解释为什么成年人在相同的事情之间做出选择时会产生无意识的偏好。“Random choices matter”意为“随机选择很重要”，符合文章主题，最适合作文章标题。故选B项。
阅读理解【广东省肇庆市2021-2022学年高三上学期第二次模拟】
Dallas Zoo
With over 2,000 animals and more than 400 species, the whole family will learn so much about animals and conservation here. Bring your walking shoes because the Dallas Zoo is 106 acres, and you want to be comfortable as you walk from the gorillas to the giraffe feeding area and everywhere in between. For a behind-the-scenes tour of the Dallas Zoo operations, sign the family up for a 90-minute guided tour called the Backstage Safari.
Legoland Discovery Center
When the summer gets hot, it’s nice to have some indoor fun with kids. Check out the Legoland Discovery Center, where the whole family can play with LEGO Bricks or take photos with their favorite characters from LEGO films. Relax in the 4D cinema and watch some stellar short, action-packed films. Grab a quick snack at the cafe before letting the kids run wild on the playground.
Dallas World Aquarium
Dallas may not be anywhere near an ocean, but that doesn’t mean the family can’t learn about the fish and mammals that call it home. At the Dallas World Aquarium, which is housed in a couple of old storehouses in Downtown Dallas' West End Historic District, the family can admire colorful fish, sharks and sea animals while walking through the aquarium.
Dallas Arboretum and Botanical Garden
Walk through 66 acres of beautiful parkland, creative nature displays, and an ever-changing selection of art. Children will love exploring the Rory Meyer’s Children’s Adventure Garden. In addition to an adventure bridge, the garden has various interactive exhibits that teach kids about the science of nature and space. Families with older children might enjoy cooking classes or Thursday night concerts in the arboretum.
1．What are visitors to the Dallas Zoo advised to do?
A．Wear comfortable shoes. B．Sign up for the tour early.
C．Avoid feeding the animals. D．Learn about the animals in advance.
2．What can children enjoy in the Legoland Discovery Center?
A．Feed animals. B．Watch a 4D movie.
C．Learn about the fish. D．Experience an adventure bridge.
3．What do the four places have in common?
A．They all offer free snacks. B．They are all nature-related.
C．They all have playgrounds. D．They are all family-friendly.
【答案】1．A2．B3．D
【解析】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍了四个游玩目的地。
1．细节理解题。根据Dallas Zoo部分“Bring your walking shoes because the Dallas Zoo is 106 acres, and you want to be comfortable as you walk”（带上你的步行鞋，因为达拉斯动物园占地106英亩，你想在走路时感到舒适）可知，建议去达拉斯动物园的游客带舒适的鞋。故选A项。
2．细节理解题。 根据Legoland Discovery Center部分“Relax in the 4D cinema and watch some stellar short, action-packed films.”（在4D影院放松一下，看一些精彩的动作短片。）可知，孩子们在乐高乐园探索中心可以观看4D电影。故选B项。
3．推理判断题。根据Dallas Zoo部分“the whole family will learn so much about animals and conservation here.”（全家将在这里学到很多关于动物和保护的知识。）、Legoland Discovery Center部分“the whole family can play with LEGO Bricks or take photos with their favorite characters from LEGO films. ”（全家人可以玩乐高积木或与乐高电影中他们最喜欢的角色合影）、Dallas World Aquarium部分“the family can admire colorful fish, sharks and sea animals ”（家人可以欣赏五颜六色的鱼、鲨鱼和海洋动物）和Dallas Arboretum and Botanical Garden部分“Families with older children might enjoy cooking classes or Thursday night concerts in the arboretum.”（有较大孩子的家庭可能喜欢在植物园上烹饪课或周四晚上的音乐会。）可推知，它们都适合全家人一起游览。故选D项。
Sarah Park has known about the impact of music on the brain since a young age. The 13-year-old, who has been playing the violin since she was 4, says she noticed its positive effect on those around her, especially her grandmother, who suffered from mental illness.
Now, the Jacksonville, Florida, middle-schooler hopes to use music therapy (疗法) to help others struggling with mental illness. Her invention, Spark Care+, earned her the title of “America’s Top Young Scientist” at the 3M Young Scientist Challenge on October 19, 2021.
Spark Care+ requires participants to respond to a series of questions based on the Hamilton Anxiety and Depression Scale, designed to assess the person’s mental state. The device’s inbuilt sensors record vital mental health indicators, such as heart rate and blood pressure. Spark Care+’s AI component analyzes the information and recommends the appropriate music to help lift the participants’ spirits. It also monitors its impact on the listeners.
Sarah Park hopes to make her invention accessible to all. The ninth-grader hopes to turn it into a wristband with inbuilt sensors, a heart-rate monitor, and Bluetooth. She also wants to build an app to make Spark Care+ accessible to everyone. “I hope to be able to distribute it around the world to people of all ages,” Park says.
In addition to being an inventor, Park is also a musical prodigy who has won several violin competitions, including the Florida state championship. She also plays the piano and is a math champion. The teen hopes to be an innovator and researcher in the medical field using technology and robotics. Her advice to other young scientists? “Dream big, ask questions, and anything is possible.”
4．What led to Park’s invention of Spark Care+?
A．Her desire to earn a title. B．Her research on brain health.
C．Her grandmother’s mental illness. D．Her observation of the effect of music.
5．What’s a function of Spark Care+’s AI component?
A．To monitor heart rate. B．To collect information.
C．To lower blood pressure. D．To suggest delightful music.
6．What does Paragraph 4 mainly talk about?
A．Park’s future plans.
B．Park’s achievements.
C．Influence of Park’s invention.
D．Application of Park’s invention.
7．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?
A．New Invention Surprises the Science Field
B．Sarah Park Has Become the Youngest Scientist
C．Young Scientist Uses Music to Improve Mental Health
D．Spark Care+ Brings Honor to Young Scientist Sarah Park
【答案】4．D5．D6．A7．C
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了13岁的女孩Sarah Park发明了名为Spark Care+的设备，该设备使用音乐疗法来改善用户的精神健康状况，Sarah Park也因此赢得了“美国顶尖青年科学家”的称号。
4．推理判断题。根据文章第一段中“Sarah Park has known about the impact of music on the brain since a young age. The 13-year-old, who has been playing the violin since she was 4, says she noticed its positive effect on those around her, especially her grandmother, who suffered from mental illness.”（Sarah Park从小就知道音乐对大脑的影响。这位13岁的女孩从4岁起就开始拉小提琴，她说她注意到小提琴对周围的人有积极的影响，尤其是她患有精神疾病的祖母。）可推知，Sarah Park发明Spark Care+源于她从小对音乐效果的观察。故选D项。
5．推理判断题。 根据文章第三段中“Spark Care+’s AI component analyzes the information and recommends the appropriate music to help lift the participants’ spirits.”（Spark Care+的人工智能组件分析信息并推荐适当的音乐，以帮助提高参与者的情绪。）可推知，Spark Care+推荐欢快的音乐，以提高参与者的情绪。故选D项。
6．主旨大意题。 根据文章第四段中“Sarah Park hopes to make her invention accessible to all. The ninth-grader hopes to turn it into a wristband with inbuilt sensors, a heart-rate monitor, and Bluetooth. She also wants to build an app to make Spark Care+ accessible to everyone. ”（Sarah Park希望她的发明能为所有人所用。这九年级的学生希望把它变成一个内置传感器、心率监测器和蓝牙的腕带。她还想开发一款应用程序，让所有人都能访问Spark Care+。）可知，第四段主要在讲Sarah Park将来的计划。故选A项。
7．主旨大意题。由文章第二段“Now, the Jacksonville, Florida, middle-schooler hopes to use music therapy to help others struggling with mental illness. Her invention, Spark Care+, earned her the title of “America’s Top Young Scientist” at the 3M Young Scientist Challenge on October 19, 2021.”（现在，这位佛罗里达州杰克逊维尔的中学生希望使用音乐疗法帮助其他患有精神疾病的人。她的发明，Spark Care+，在2021年10月19日的3M Young Scientist Challenge中赢得了“美国顶尖青年科学家”的称号。）以及上下文可知，本文主要介绍了 13岁的女孩Sarah Park发明了名为Spark Care+的设备，该设备使用音乐疗法改善用户的精神健康状况，并因此赢得了“美国顶尖青年科学家”的称号，因此C项“Young Scientist Uses Music to Improve Mental Health”（年轻科学家用音乐改善心理健康）切题。故选C项。
Mangroves are trees that typically grow in saltwater along coasts. But some red mangroves end up deep in the rainforests of Mexico’s Yucatan Peninsula. These plants live in freshwater along the San Pedro Martir River. That’s nearly 200 kilometers from the sea. Scientists wanted to know how these mangroves got trapped so far inland. Carlos Burelo was among them. He became curious about these mangroves on a childhood fishing trip there 35 years ago. Burelo saw that the roots of the mangroves grew above ground. This was different from the other trees.
Burelo’s team first investigated where the freshwater mangroves came from. They started by collecting their leaves and then compared their DNA to the leaves from coastal mangroves which were growing along the Gulf of Mexico. The DNA helped identify the origins of the mangroves on the San Pedro Martir River. They had started along the Gulf of Mexico, some 170 kilometers away from the river. The team discovered other evidence that this ecosystem had once been coastal. They discovered 112 other species in this region that are typically found near coasts.
The researchers looked at the soil too. “These sediments (沉积物)near the mangroves revealed exactly what we expected,” says Exequiel Ezcurra, an ecologist at the University of California. In all, the researchers turned up coastal stones, shells of sea snails and clay sediments rich in shell fragments (碎片). These led the researchers to conclude the area used to be part of the ocean long ago.
Computer models of how sea level has changed over time confirmed those findings. The models showed that when sea levels were higher in the past, the ocean merged with the lower basin of the San Pedro Martir River. That would have been around 150,000 to 130,000 years ago. This pushed red mangroves and other species inland.
“This discovery highlights how changes to the past climate have affected the world’s coastlines,” Ezcurra says. “It also offers a chance to better understand how future sea level rise may affect these ecosystems.”
8．What did Burelo notice as a child?
A．The changes of the sea water.
B．The problems facing the rainforest.
C．The unusual roots of some mangroves.
D．The influence of mangroves on fishing.
9．What can we infer about the freshwater mangroves and the coastal ones?
A．They are close in DNA． B．They have different leaves.
C．They have different origins. D．They both have many species.
10．What does the research of the soil show?
A．The composition of the soil is very complicated.
B．The freshwater mangroves once grew in the sea.
C．Sea creatures influence the growth of mangroves.
D．The sea level has little change over the past years.
11．What does the underlined phrase “merged with” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?
A．Developed from. B．Changed into.
C．Depended on. D．Combined with.
【答案】8．C9．A10．B11．D
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了红树这种生长在沿海的生物在淡水地区被发现。科研人员们通过研究发现，这些红树生长的淡水地区在历史上曾经是海洋。
8．细节理解题。据文章第一段中 “Burelo saw that the roots of the mangroves grew above ground. This was different from the other trees.（Burelo看到红树林的根长在地面上。这与其他树不同）”可知，Burelo注意到的是一些红树不寻常的根。故选C。
9．推理判断题。据文章第二段中第二、三、四句 “They started by collecting their leaves and then compared their DNA to the leaves from coastal mangroves which were growing along the Gulf of Mexico. The DNA helped identify the origins of the mangroves on the San Pedro Martir River. They had started along the Gulf of Mexico, some 170 kilometers away from the river. （他们首先收集了它们的叶子，然后将它们的DNA与生长在墨西哥湾沿岸的红树林的叶子进行了比较。DNA帮助确定了圣佩德罗马尔蒂尔河红树林的起源。他们是沿着墨西哥湾出发的，距离这条河大约170公里）”可知它们的DNA很接近。故选A。
10．推理判断题。根据第三段第三、四句“In all, the researchers turned up coastal stones, shells of sea snails and clay sediments rich in shell fragments （碎片）. These led the researchers to conclude the area used to be part of the ocean long ago.（总之，研究人员发现了海岸石头、海螺壳和富含贝壳碎片的粘土沉积物。这使得研究人员得出结论，这片区域在很久以前曾是海洋的一部分）”可知对土壤的研究表明了淡水红树林曾经生长在海里。故选B。
11．短语猜测题。根据第四段第二句“ The models showed that when sea levels were higher in the past （模型显示，过去海平面较高的时候）”可知过去海平面较高，再结合第四段最后两句“That would have been around 150,000 to 130,000 years ago. This pushed red mangroves and other species inland.（那应该是在15万到13万年前。这将红树和其他物种推向内陆）”可知，曾经海平面较髙的时候，把the San Pedro M4rtir River的低洼地区吞并，与之结合。即划线部分意为“与……结合”。故选D。
“When I was 14, I'd pick my younger brother up from school," Jen says. "I'd be in charge of checking his homework and making sure that he was fed until our parents got home. " That is one of the things that led Jen, a Stanford Graduate School of Business student, to become interested in how people's perception of their own age can influence their actions.
That curiosity led her to team up with Szu-chi Huang, an associate professor at Stanford, on a series of experiments in which they shifted participants' perception of their own age in order to study the effects on their willingness to help strangers in need.
In one study, researchers set up a stand at a sports event and invited passers-by to write thank-you cards to people they knew. In the process, the researchers shifted participants' subjective age by informing them about the average age of others who had participated in the event. In another, they organized a food-bank donation drive at local farmers' markets. In some instances, they asked teenage volunteers to collect the money, a trick to make participants feel older. In other instances, the volunteers were in their 50s.
The researchers found that when participants perceived themselves as older, they were more willing to do things for others with whom they didn't have a personal connection. “We found that when people are led to feel older, they feel more responsibility," Huang says. "It's like the society is on our shoulders. We feel like we're expected to make this world better for the next generation. w
Organizations involved in social causes might take advantage of the new insights about subjective age to make their recruiting （征募）and fundraising efforts more efficient. "If you want to create an older subjective age among the audience you're trying to reach, recruiting younger volunteers might help," Huang says.
12．Where does Jen's inspiration of the research topic come?
A．From her professor, B．From her schoolmates.
C．From her business career. D．From her early experience.
13．Why are volunteers in their 50s involved in the donation drive?
A．To attract people's sympathy.
B．To make donors feel younger.
C．To encourage teenagers to work harder.
D．To inform donors of the participants' age.
14．What may happen when people feel they are older than the volunteers?
A．They shoulder more responsibility.
B．They build stronger connections with others.
C．They have a better understanding of the world.
D．They feel more hopeful about the next generation.
15．What is the last paragraph mainly about?
A．The outcome of the study. B．The benefit of social causes.
C．The practical value of the study. D．The importance of subjective age.
【答案】12．D13．B14．A15．C
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了斯坦福大学商学院的学生Jen因早期的照顾弟弟的经历而研究人们对自己年龄的认知对其助人行为有何影响。研究发现，当人们认为自己较年长时，更愿意实施一些助人行为。
12．推理判断题。根据文章第一段中“‘When I was 14, I'd pick my younger brother up from school,’ Jen says. ‘I'd be in charge of checking his homework and making sure that he was fed until our parents got home.’ That is one of the things that led Jen，a Stanford Graduate School of Business student, to become interested in how people’s perception of their own age can influence their actions.(‘当我14岁的时候，我会去学校接弟弟，’珍说。‘我会负责检查他的作业，确保他吃饱了，直到我们的父母回家。’这是让斯坦福大学商学院的学生Jen对人们对自己年龄的感知如何影响他们的行为感兴趣的原因之一)”可知，研究课题的灵感来自于Jen早期的照顾弟弟的经历。故选D项。
13．推理判断题。根据文章第三段中“In some instances, they asked teenage volunteers to collect the money, a trick to make participants feel older. In other instances, the volunteers were in their 50s.(在某些情况下，他们让十几岁的志愿者收钱，这是一个让参与者感觉自己变老的把戏。在其他情况下，志愿者都是50多岁)”可知，用青少年是为了让参与者感觉自己更年长，由此推断，用年长者是为了让参与者感觉年轻。故选B项。
14．推理判断题。根据文章第四段第二句“We found that when people are led to feel older, they feel more responsibility.(我们发现，当人们感觉自己变老时，他们会感到更有责任感)”可知，当人们发现自己比别人年长时，他们会肩负更多的责任。故选A项。
15．主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段“Organizations involved in social causes might take advantage of the new insights about subjective age to make their recruiting (征募) and fundraising efforts more efficient. ‘If you want to create an older subjective age among the audience you're trying to reach, recruiting younger volunteers might help,’Huang says.(参与社会的组织可能利用对主观的年龄新见解，使他们的征募和筹款工作更有效率。黄说:‘如果你想在你的受众中创造一个更年长的主观年龄，招募年轻的志愿者可能会有帮助’)可知，本段主要解释了如何利用以上研究的结论，更好地开展工作。C项“The practical value of the study(研究的实用价值)”为最佳选项。故选C项。
阅读理解【广东省华南师范大学附属中学2021-2022学年高三上学期综合测试（一）】
International Airport Sheremetyevo Moscow
►If You've Lost Personal possessions
On Board
Contact the airline’s representatives
At the Airport
Contact:
-- Sheremetyevo Police Department
…………………………………… +7(495)578-22-55
--Unclaimed luggage storage room in Terminal C
…………………………………… +7(495)578-23-26
--Umclaimed luggage storage room in Terminal D
…………………………………… +7(499)500-65-52
(domestic flights)
+7(495)753-86-41
(international flights)
When collecting Lost and Found items, you shall have an identification document, a boarding pass or a ticket, and also to indicate a place where the items were lost and prove they are yours.
►If Your Luggage Is Lost or Damaged
Before leaving the arrival area, please turn to the Lost and Found counter to file a report. The written claim shall be submitted to the airline company not later than seven days from the time when the luggage was to be collected.
If your luggage is not found within twenty-one days of the time when the claim was filed, you have the right to claim damages in the amount of not more than 600 rubles per kilogram. Amount refunded (退款) for a hand luggage lost through the fault of an airline is not more than 11,000 rubles regardless of its weight. Amount refunded for damaged luggage is calculated based on the tariffs (关税).
Keep your flight documents (a ticket, boarding pass, luggage tag, and delayed luggage report filed at the airport) until the end of the procedure for searching for your luggage.
Current information on luggage-tracing results
…………………………………… +7(495)578-76-65
Lost and Found service of Aeroflot Airlines
…………………………………… +7(495)544-33-25
(from 9:00 to 20:00)
+7(495)753-86-41
(24 hours)
For further information please contact the airline.
1．What should you do if you find your personal possessions lost on board?
A．Turn to the airline’s staff. B．Contact the police office.
C．Submit a claim to the company. D．Go to the Lost and Found counter.
2．How much money can you claim if your 20-kilogram hand luggage is damaged?
A．It depends on its weight. B．It depends on the tariffs.
C．12,000 rubles at most. D．11,000 rubles at most.
3．Which number should you dial if you found your luggage missing at midnight on your arrival?
A．+7(495)578-76-65. B．+7(495)578-23-26.
C．+7(495)753-86-41. D．+7(495)544-33-25.
【答案】1．A2．B3．C
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述在飞机上丢失私人物品如何处理以及如需进一步信息，请与航空公司联系。
1．细节理解题。根据If You've Lost Personal possessions/On Board/Contact the airline’s representatives可知，如果你发现在飞机上你的私人物品丢失了，可以联系航空公司的员工。故选A。
2．推理判断题。根据If Your Luggage Is Lost or Damaged中Amount refunded for damaged luggage is calculated based on the tariffs (关税).可知，如果你20公斤的手提行李损坏了，你可以索赔多少钱这取决于关税。故选B。
3．推理判断题。根据文章最后部分(from 9:00 to 20:00)+7(495)753-86-41(24 hours)可知，如果您在午夜到达时发现行李丢失，您应该拨+7(495)753-86-41。故选C。
It was an early blow to my self-confidence. I was attending my first group meeting in the lab as a postdoc, and I was pleased that I could follow most of the discussion. Then, in front of everyone, the professor turned to me and asked about my previous accomplishments. I froze. As a PhD student, I had achieved lots to be proud of. But all of those were in my home country of Brazil. Now I was in Washington, DC and I didn’t know what the word “accomplishment” meant. So all I could say was “I don’t know”.
I had decided to do a postdoc abroad because I thought the training would help me secure a teaching position. I applied for and received a Brazilian government fellowship to spend 18 months working abroad and got a position in a lab. It all seemed so easy—until I actually started.
In a new country, I struggled. After the mortifying lab meeting incident, my confidence took another hit. The paper I intended to publish did not materialize. I used to be invited to give talks. Now, I was asked to speak more slowly because of my accent. My confidence was destroyed.
After months of self-doubt, I reminded myself that I had potential. I needed to do something to regain my confidence. I thought a change of environment might be what I needed. So I made the move.
In another new lab. I still felt insecure. However, I was determined to make the most of the time I had. There were more opportunities to interact with others, which forced me to talk more. It was awful at first, but with practice I began to feel more confident in my English. I proposed new projects. I began to receive positive feedback on my presentations.
My confidence is back. I feel a little like Wonder Woman. She was a strong soldier in her homeland. When she left, she experienced obstacles and failures only to become even stronger than before.
4．What was the author’s reaction when asked about her previous achievements?
A．She felt insecure. B．She kept silent.
C．She was at a loss. D．She felt proud.
5．Why did the author go abroad?
A．To apply for government fellowship. B．To get a doctor’s degree.
C．To build her own lab. D．To gain experience for a position.
6．What does the underlined word “it” in paragraph 1 refer to?
A．I didn’t give a proper response in a lab meeting.
B．The paper I intended to publish did not materialize.
C．I was asked to speak more slowly because of my accent.
D．I reminded myself that I had potential.
7．What can be the best title for the text?
A．A lab meeting incident B．I found my inside Wonder Woman
C．Brazilians’ confidence improved D．Poor English ruined opportunity
【答案】4．C5．D6．A7．B
【解析】本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在国外的经历，这些经历和磨难让作者变得更加坚强和自信。
4．细节理解题。结合上文以及根据第一段 “ Now I was in Washington, DC and I didn’t know what the word “accomplishment” meant. So all I could say was “I don’t know”.(现在我在华盛顿，我不知道“accomplishment(成就)”这个词是什么意思)”可知，作者在巴西取得了很多值得骄傲的成就，但是现在她在华盛顿，被问到以前的成就时，她不知道“accomplishment(成就)”这个词的意思，可见她是不知所措的。因此，当被问及她以前的成就时，作者的反应是C项“She was at a loss.(她不知所措)”符合题意，故选C项。
5．细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“I had decided to do a postdoc abroad because I thought the training would help me secure a teaching position.(我决定去国外做一名博士后，因为我认为这种培训会帮助我获得一个教学职位。)”可知，作者决定去国外做一名博士后，认为这种培训很有价值，能够让她获得经验，帮助她获得一个教学职位。因此，作者出国的原因是D项“To gain experience for a position.(为一个职位获得经验)”符合题意，故选D项。
6．词义猜测题。根据第一段“I was attending my first group meeting in the lab as a postdoc, and I was pleased that I could follow most of the discussion. Then, in front of everyone, the professor turned to me and asked about my previous accomplishments. I froze. (我作为博士后参加了我在实验室的第一次小组会议，我很高兴能跟上大部分讨论。然后，在大家面前，教授转向我，问我以前的成就。我愣住了)”可知，作者作为博士后参加了实验室的第一次小组会议，问她以前的成就，她愣住了，没有给出合适的回答。这件事让她的自信心受到了打击。因此，第1段中带下划线的“it”是指的是A项“I didn’t give a proper response in a lab meeting.(我在实验室会议上没有给出正确的回答)”符合题意，故选A项。
7．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是根据最后一段“My confidence is back. I feel a little like Wonder Woman.(我的信心恢复了。我觉得有点像神奇女侠)”可知，经过一番打击以后，作者并没有灰心，而是果断采取行动，积极与她人互动，经过不断的练习，她的自信心恢复了，那些经历和磨难让作者变得更加坚强和自信，感觉自己像一个神奇的女侠。因此，文本的最佳标题是B项“I found my inside Wonder Woman(我找到了我内心的神奇女侠)”符合题意，故选B项。
The stomach is an extremely strong organ, full of acid to break down each meal. In order to prevent this acid from burning a hole in our stomachs and damaging other organs, our stomach lining is specially adapted to contain the acid safely.
H. pylori are able to live in the stomach by living in the lining, safe from harsh stomach acid. These bacteria are actually pretty common in people, approximately a third of Australians have H. pylori in their bodies, but not all have symptoms.
The bacteria can eventually create infection in stomach lining, a condition known as gastritis, by wearing away the lining and allowing stomach acid to burn away stomach tissue, causing painful ulcers.
Up until the 1980s, it was thought that bacteria could not survive in stomach acid. The cause of stomach ulcers was due to lifestyle choices: stress, smoking, spicy foods; the stomach acid was breaking through the lining on its own.
This belief was first questioned in 1979 by Robin Warren, an Australian pathologist, who found bacteria on a microscope slide containing the stomach lining of a patient with gastritis. In the years that followed Warren continued his research.
Warren then teamed up with Barry Marshall in 1981 and the two continued with the research, trying to separate the mystery bacteria and find a cure. Over the next three years, they tested their theories with some positive results; however, the idea that bacteria could be the cause of gastritis was not widely accepted or even acknowledged.
Finally, fed up with being ignored and confident in his findings, Bary Marshall decided to test on himself. He infected himself with H. pylori and soon developed gastritis and terrible stomach ulcers. Marshall then began to cure himself by taking a dose of antibiotics. This once and for all proved not only that bacteria could grow in stomach acid, but it could also cause gastritis and stomach ulcers.
Eventually, the world fully acknowledged Warren and Marshall’s huge contribution to science and medicine and the two were awarded the Nobel prize in Medicine in 2005, twenty-six years after Robin Warren first began his research.
8．We can learn from the text that H. pylori are a kind of________.
A．organs B．infections C．bacteria D．symptoms
9．Which of the following was NOT people’s initial beliefs about gastritis?
A．Lifestyle choices caused stomach ulcers.
B．Stomach acid could break through the lining on its own.
C．Bacteria couldn’t survive in the stomach.
D．Some bacteria can create infection by burning away stomach tissue.
10．How did Barry Marshall prove that H. pylori caused gastritis?
A．Choosing unhealthy lifestyles. B．Introducing H. pylori to his own stomach.
C．Finding the bacteria on stomach lining. D．Growing H. pylori in the lab.
11．The text is most likely written to________.
A．chemists B．patients C．researchers D．the general public
【答案】8．C9．D10．B11．D
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章说明了什么是幽门螺旋杆菌，以及介绍了两位科学家对幽门螺旋杆菌的研究历程以及结论。
8．细节理解题。根据第二段“H. pylori are able to live in the stomach by living in the lining, safe from harsh stomach acid. These bacteria are actually pretty common in people, approximately a third of Australians have H. pylori in their bodies, but not all have symptoms.(幽门螺旋杆菌能够通过生活在胃的内壁而在胃中生存，不受胃酸的伤害。这些细菌在人体内很常见，大约三分之一的澳大利亚人体内有幽门螺旋杆菌，但并不是所有人都有症状)”可知，幽门螺旋杆菌是一种细菌。故选C。
9．细节理解题。根据第四段“Up until the 1980s, it was thought that bacteria could not survive in stomach acid. The cause of stomach ulcers was due to lifestyle choices: stress, smoking, spicy foods; the stomach acid was breaking through the lining on its own.(直到20世纪80年代，人们还认为细菌不能在胃酸中生存。胃溃疡的原因是生活方式的选择：压力、吸烟、辛辣食物；胃酸会自己冲破肠壁。)”可知，D选项“一些细菌可以通过燃烧胃组织产生感染”不是人们最初对胃炎的看法。故选D。
10．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Finally, fed up with being ignored and confident in his findings, Bary Marshall decided to test on himself. He infected himself with H. pylori and soon developed gastritis and terrible stomach ulcers.(最后，巴里·马歇尔受够了被忽视，对自己的发现充满信心，决定在自己身上进行测试。他感染了幽门螺旋杆菌，很快患上了胃炎和严重的胃溃疡)”可知，巴里·马歇尔通过将幽门螺旋杆菌引入到自己的胃中来证明是幽门螺旋杆菌引起胃炎的。故选B。
11．推理判断题。根据文章说明了什么是幽门螺旋杆菌，以及介绍了两位科学家对幽门螺旋杆菌的研究历程以及结论。属于科普文章，故可推知，文章很可能是写给普通大众的。故选D。
In a classic episode (片段）of The Simpsons, Homer's class reunion ends in shame when one of Homer’s guilty secrets is exposed: he never graduated from high school. To get his diploma, he must pass a science test. As he sits down to retake the exam, he holds one of his trademark dialogues with his brain. “All right，brain. You don’t like me and I don’t like you. But let’s just do this and I can get back to killing you with beer.”
Many a true word is spoken as a joke. Homer Simpson’s Everyman character really is an Everyman. For most people, engaging in the kind of effortful thinking that is required to pass a science test feels too much like hard work. It is so much easier to quit and let the brain’s autopilot take over.
And no wonder. Evolution has blessed the human brain with all kinds of mental shortcuts that make life manageable. If we had to think about every action or weigh up every decision, we would break down. As a result, certain ideas and modes of thinking come naturally to us, such as effortless thinking.
But at huge cost. Our mental shortcuts work fine at the level of individuals and small-scale societies, but in an increasingly interconnected and globalized world, they are a danger to society. Effortless thinking is at the root of many of the modern world’s most serious problems: terrorism，hatred, inequality and religious extremism. All are caused by people disengaging their critical thinking and going with their gut (非理性的）feeling.
Everybody is capable of gut feeling, but also of the critical thinking. Both thinking styles are needed to make the world go round. Unfortunately, the latter requires training that is unavailable or unappealing to many people.
One of the bright spots in 2017 was the start of a movement called the March For Science. Those who believe in the power of science need to keep on marching, or give more power to people who don’t much like their own brains — or other people’s.
12．What does the author want to convey through Homer's story?
A．Feeling is very important.
B．Drinking beer is harmful to one’s brain.
C．High school seniors should work hard.
D．Most people hate effortful thinking like Homer.
13．What is the fourth paragraph mainly about?
A．Our mental shortcuts function well.
B．Effortless thinking is expensive for people.
C．Effortless thinking is dangerous to society.
D．People prefer effortless thinking to critical thinking.
14．What does the author think of critical thinking?
A．It makes the world go round.
B．It needs necessary training.
C．It works fine at the level of personal affairs.
D．It leads to the March For Science in 2017.
15．What is the best title for the text?
A．We Need to March Towards Science
B．Thinking Contributes to Social Problems
C．Effortless Thinking Is Out of Date
D．Critical Thinking Is Urgently Needed
【答案】12．D13．C14．B15．D
【解析】这是一篇议论文。文章以电影《辛普森一家人》中Homer失败的同学会开始，揭露出大部分人不喜欢进行需要花费努力的批判性思维，论述了非理性思维的危害以及当代世界迫切需要批判性思维这一话题。
12．推理判断题。由第一段中的“As he sits down to retake the exam, he holds one of his trademark dialogues with his brain. “All right，brain. You don’t like me and I don’t like you. But let’s just do this and I can get back to killing you with beer.”’’（当他坐下来重考时，他与大脑进行了一次标志性的对话。“好吧，大脑。你不喜欢我，我也不喜欢你。但我们就这么做吧，我就可以用啤酒杀了你。”）和第二段中的“For most people, engaging in the kind of effortful thinking that is required to pass a science test feels too much like hard work.”（对大多数人来说，从事那种通过科学考试所需的轻松思考，感觉太像是艰苦的工作。），可推断出Homer不喜欢理性思考，而他这种性格和大部分人是一样的，多数人都把需要花费努力进行的思考看成是很辛苦的事，因此很容易就放弃而任由大脑进行随意的非理性思考。故选D项。
13．主旨大意题。由第四段中的“But at huge cost. Our mental shortcuts work fine at the level of individuals and small-scale societies, but in an increasingly interconnected and globalized world, they are a danger to society. ”（但代价巨大。我们的思维捷径在个人和小规模社会层面上运作良好，但在一个日益相互关联和全球化的世界里，它们对社会是一种危险。）和第四段中的“Effortless thinking is at the root of many of the modern world’s most serious problems: terrorism，hatred, inequality and religious extremism. All are caused by people disengaging their critical thinking and going with their gut (非理性的）feeling.”（不费吹灰之力的思考是当今世界许多最严重问题的根源：恐怖主义、仇恨、不平等和宗教极端主义。所有这些都是由于人们脱离了他们的批判性思维，随波逐流。）可知，非理性思维的代价是很大的，C项“非理性思维对社会是危险的”符合题意。故选C项。
14．推理判断题。由第五段最后一句话“Unfortunately, the latter requires training that is unavailable or unappealing to many people.”（不幸的是，后者需要的培训对许多人来说是不可能或没有吸引力的。），可推断出作者认为批判性思维需要进行一些必要的培训，B项正确；由第五段第二句话“Both thinking styles are needed to make the world go round. ” （这两种思维方式都需要让世界运转。）可知，批判性思维和非理性思维两种思维方式推动世界运转，A项“它推动世界的运转”属于以偏概全；由第四段第二句话“Our mental shortcuts work fine at the level of individuals and small-scale societies, but in an increasingly interconnected and globalized world, they are a danger to society. ”（我们的思维捷径在个人和小规模社会层面上运作良好，但在一个日益相互关联和全球化的世界里，它们对社会是一种危险。）可知，对于个人层面的事情很适用的是思维捷径，而不是批判性思维，C项“它对于个人层面的事情很适用”属于偷换概念；D项“它导致了2017年的科学运动”属于无中生有。故选B项。
15．主旨大意题。由第二段中的“For most people, engaging in the kind of effortful thinking that is required to pass a science test feels too much like hard work.”（对大多数人来说，从事那种通过科学考试所需的轻松思考，感觉太像是艰苦的工作。），第四段中的“Effortless thinking is at the root of many of the modern world’s most serious problems: terrorism，hatred, inequality and religious extremism. All are caused by people disengaging their critical thinking and going with their gut (非理性的）feeling.”（不费吹灰之力的思考是当今世界许多最严重问题的根源：恐怖主义、仇恨、不平等和宗教极端主义。所有这些都是由于人们脱离了他们的批判性思维，随波逐流。），倒数第二段中的“Everybody is capable of gut feeling, but also of the critical thinking. Both thinking styles are needed to make the world go round.”（每个人都有直觉的能力，也有批判性思维的能力。这两种思维方式都需要让世界运转。）和最后一段中的“Those who believe in the power of science need to keep on marching, or give more power to people who don’t much like their own brains — or other people’s.”（那些相信科学力量的人需要继续前进，或者给那些不太喜欢自己或他人大脑的人更多的力量。），可知本文主要介绍了现在多数人不喜欢批判性思维，即理性思维，而当今世界一些严重问题的根源在于人们缺乏理性思维，所以D项“批判性思维迫切被需要”作为标题最合适；A项“我们需要向科学进军”属于以偏概全；B项“思考导致社会问题”属于断章取义，文章虽然提到了社会问题，但是这种表达是错误的；C项“非理性思维已经过时”属于无中生有。故选D项。