第8讲 特殊句式 精讲精练 2022届准高三高考英语语法暑假专练

这是一份第8讲 特殊句式 精讲精练 2022届准高三高考英语语法暑假专练，共12页。试卷主要包含了 完全倒装，部分倒装， 不定式中“t”的省略， 英语中有一些固定的省略结构等内容，欢迎下载使用。
准高三语法精讲精练第8讲特殊句式

倒装、强调、省略、感叹及祈使句
重点考察知识点一倒装句
1. 完全倒装
(1) There be＋主语＋...，此结构中的be有时用stand/exist/lie/live/flow/seem等不及物动词代替。
There seems to be something wrong with the machine.
(2) Here/There/Now/Then/Thus＋不及物动词＋名词
There goes the bell.Let's go into the lecture hall.
Be quick！Here comes the bus.
(3) Out/In/Up/Down/Away/Off/Back/Over＋不及物动词＋名词
Out rushed the children. Away flew the birds.
比较： Away they hurried.
(4) 介词短语(表地点)＋不及物动词＋主语
On the wall hang two large portraits.
At the foot of the hill lies a beautiful village.
(5) 表语＋连系动词＋主语(表语可以是：形容词、介词短语、现在分词、过去分词)
Present at the meeting were Professor White，Professor Smith and many other guests.
Gone are the days when women were looked down upon.
Seated in the first line are some advanced workers.
(6) Such＋be＋主语
Such are the facts；no one can deny them.
Such is Yiyangqianxi, a young handsome singer popular with Chinese teenagers.

2.部分倒装
(1) 用于以so，nor，neither开头的句子，表示重复前句的部分内容，须部分倒装，且此句的谓语应与前句的谓语在时态/形式上一致，但“so＋主语＋do”结构则表示对别人所说的情况加以肯定，它的主语与上文的主语相同，so相当于indeed，certainly。
Mary has learned by heart 200 words，and so have I.
－The girls study hard. 这些女孩学习刻苦。
－So they do. 她们的确如此。
I don’t know it, nor do I care about it.
Tom doesn’t like bananas, neither/nor do I.
注意：当前面两件或两件以上的事也适合于另一人或物时, 通常用“so it is with. . . ”或“it is the same with. . . ”
Tom likes singing, but he doesn’t like dancing. So it is with Mary.
(2) 表示否定意义的副词、连词或短语置于句首时要部分倒装。这些词有not，never，hardly，seldom，scarcely，barely，little，no，nowhere，not only，not until，at no time，by no means，in no way，on no condition, no sooner...than，hardly...when等。
By no means shall we give up.
At no time will China be the first to use the nuclear weapon.
Not a single mistake did he make.
Never before _________ I seen such a moving film.
Not only _________ he forced to stay home, but also he had to do his homework.
答案 have did
(3) only置于句首修饰状语(副词、介词短语)或状语从句等时要用部分倒装。
Only after my friend came _______ the computer repaired.
was
Only then did I realize the importance of mathematics.
比较：Only he knows the secret.
(4) as引导的让步状语从句中(表语/状语/动词原形＋as＋主语)要用部分倒装。
Tired as he was，he stayed up late.
Explain as I might，I could not make myself understood.
Child as he is，he knows a lot.
(5) 在so...that，such...that句型中，当so，such引导的结构置于句首时要用部分倒装。
So loudly did he speak that even people in the next room could hear him.
(6) 在hardly...when，no sooner...than，not until句型中，主句要部分倒装。
Hardly had he arrived when it began to snow.= No sooner had he arrived than it began to snow.
(7) 在省略了if的虚拟条件句中，were，had或should置于句首。
Were I in your position, I would not go.
Had I attended the meeting, I would have met Jim.
(8) however，no matter how引导的让步状语从句。
However hard he worked，he couldn't solve the problem.= No matter how hard he worked,......

重点考察知识点二　强调
1. 强调句的基本句型
It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋句子剩余成分
(1) 强调人时可用who/that来连接，强调事物时用that。
所强调的可以是单词、短语，也可以是从句，但结构必须完整。被强调的成分可以是主语、宾语和状语，但不能是定语或谓语。
It is I who/that am right.(强调主语)
It was him that/who/whom we met at the school gate.(强调宾语)
It was because her mother was ill that she didn't go to work.(强调状语)
(2) 这种强调句的一般疑问句只需把is(was)提前。
Was it in 1939 that the Second World War broke out?
Is it Professor Wang who teaches you English?
(3) 它的特殊疑问句只需在一般疑问句前加上特殊疑问词。
Who was it that broke the window?
When was it that you called me yesterday?
What is it that you want me to do?
(4) not...until...的强调句形式：It is/was not until＋被强调部分＋that＋其他成分。
He didn't go to bed until 11 o'clock last night.
→ It was not until 11 o'clock last night that he went to bed.
It was not until he took off his dark glasses that I realized he was a famous film star.
判断一个句子是强调句型还是其他句型，最简单的方法就是“还原法”，即去掉强调句型的特有结构It is/was...that/who...，若去掉这个结构后句子仍然成立，那该句型便是强调句型，否则，就可能是其他句型。
比较： (1) It was he who did all the cleaning.可以看出，去掉画线部分，句子仍然成立，故该句为强调句型。
（2）It is a pity that he has failed again. （ 主语从句 ）
（3）It is a question that needs careful consideration. ( 定语从句 )
（4）It was at six o’clock that I got up today. ( 强调句型 )
（5）It was six o’clock when I got up today. ( 状语从句 )
2. 用助动词强调谓语。
如果要强调时态为一般现在时或一般过去时的肯定句中的谓语动词，我们在该动词前加助动词do，does或did。
Many of the films are from the USA，but we do give awards to films from other countries.
He did come to see you last Sunday，but you were out.

重点考察知识点三　省略句
1. 状语从句的省略:
(1) 在时间、地点、条件、方式或让步状语从句中，如果谓语含有动词be，主语又与主句的主语一致或主语是it时，主谓均可以省略。
① 时间状语从句：Please come here as soon as(it is)possible.
② 地点状语从句：Fill in the blanks with articles where(it is)necessary.
③ 条件状语从句：She won't come to the party unless(she is)invited.
④ 方式状语从句：I wonder why he didn't do as(he was)told to.
⑤ 比较状语从句：It is much colder today than(it was)yesterday.
⑥ 让步状语从句：Though(they were)tired，they went on walking.
(2) 状语从句省略主语时，其后用现在分词表示该动词与省略的主语是主谓关系，用过去分词则表示为动宾关系。
Be careful when (you are)crossing the street.
Once (he/she is)burnt，a child dare not touch the fire again.
2. 答语中的省略:
I'm afraid，I think，I believe，I hope，I guess等作答句，后面跟so或not分别等于肯定或否定，宾语从句可省去。
－Do you think it will rain?
－I hope not (that it will not rain)．
－Do you believe our team will win?
－I guess so.
3. 不定式中“to”的省略:
(1) 感官动词(see，feel，hear，notice，watch，observe，listen to等)和使役动词(let，make，have)后接不定式作宾语补足语时，省略to，但在被动式中不能省略(let除外)。
I heard someone sing in the next room.
The thief was noticed ____to slip_______( slip) into the room.
(2) 动词help和介词but，except后的不定式作宾语时，有时必须省略to。
He will help me (to) work out the problem.
He did nothing but wait all the time.
若句中but/except前无do/does/did，则to不能省略。
He has no choice but _____to wait_________( wait).
(3) 不定式作表语时，若主语为what引导的主语从句，不定代词all作主语被定语从句修饰或后有定语从句修饰的“the...thing”作主语时，如果其前出现过do的各种形式，不定式中“to”可以省去。
What he can do is (to) wait.
The only thing he could do was (to) wait.
All that he can do is (to) wait.
(4) 固定结构或句型中常省去“to”。
can't(help)but do...；why not do...；prefer to do...rather than do...；
I would prefer to swim rather than play football.
4. 虚拟语气中if和should的省略
(1) 在条件从句中，将助动词提到句首，省去if。
If we had known about the plans for the factory，we would never have bought the house.
→Had we known about the plans for the factory，we would never have bought the house.
If I were you，I would not do it like that.
→Were I you，I would not do it like that.
(2) 主语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句中可省略should。
The workers demanded that their wages(should)be increased.
类似的动词还有：suggest，advise，insist，order，prefer，propose，request，require，command，recommend, urge...
It is desired that we (should)arrive there before dark.
It is necessary that he (should)know it.
My suggestion is that we (should)visit the exhibition at once.
5. 英语中有一些固定的省略结构
(1) 在以if，when，though，as if(好像)等连词引导的状语从句中，如果主句主语和从句主语一致，且从句谓语中含有动词be，或者从句为it is结构时，从句往往使用省略的形式。
If (it is) necessary，we shall send a telegram home.
Whenever (it is) possible，he will come to my help.
While (you are) cycling，don't forget the traffic lights.
He closed his eyes as if（he was）lost in thought.
(2) 由固定词组引导的疑问句。
What about having a game of chess?
How come they left you alone here?
What if it's raining?
Why not try again?
(3) 使用不定式符号to来代替整个不定式, 常在be afraid / glad, expect, forget, hope, intend, like, love, mean, prefer, refuse, seem, try, want, wish等后面。
He may leave if he wishes to.
Don't go till I tell you to.
I asked him to see the film, but he didn’t want to.
—Will you join in the game?
—I’d be glad to.
注意：如果不定式中含有be, have, have been, 通常保留be, have和have been。
—Are you a sailor?
—No, but I used to be.
6. 宾语从句中的省略
引导宾语从句的从属连词that可省略。但及物动词后跟两个或两个以上that引导的宾语从句时, 只有第一个连词that可省略。
He told me (that) she was a beautiful girl and that she was clever.
7. 定语从句中的省略
He lost the watch (that/which) he bought yesterday.
I don’t like the way (that/in which) he speaks to others.

重点考察知识点四　感叹句
感叹句常用的七大句型：
(1) How＋形容词/副词＋主语＋谓语！
__How_____ high the mountain is! How fast he is running!
(2) How＋形容词＋a/an＋单数名词＋主语＋谓语！
___How_______ difficult a problem it is!
(3) How＋主语＋谓语！
How time flies! ____How_____ I miss you!
(4) What＋a/an＋形容词＋单数名词＋主语＋谓语！
____What______ a clever boy he is! What a fine day it is!
(5) What＋形容词＋不可数名词＋主语＋谓语！
__What_______ sweet water it is!
____What______ terrible weather it is!
(6) What＋形容词＋复数名词＋主语＋谓语！
_____What_____ beautiful flowers these are!
(7) What＋名词＋主语＋谓语！
What news it is!

重点考察知识点五 祈使句
1. 否定式 Don’t be so sure. Don’t get close to the tiger.
2. 强调式 Do come on time this evening. Never come late!
3. 带有主语的祈使句
Tom, you water the flowers! You, girls, clean the desks; you, boys, sweep the floor.
4. 祈使句+and/or+陈述句 Work hard and you will succeed. Work hard or you will fail.
5. 名词短语+and/or+陈述句 More time and I will do it better.
真题感悟
一、单句语法填空
1．(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)There ________ (be) three books I reread annually.
答案：are　这是一个完全倒装句，根据主语three books可知，谓语动词应用复数。
2．(2019·天津高考)Why ________ (be) there so many flies and so few wolves?
答案：are　本句是there be句型的疑问句式，根据so many flies and so few wolves可知，be动词应填are。
3．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)China's approach to protecting its environment while ________ (feed) its citizens “offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide，” says the bank's Juergen Voegele.
答案：feeding　句意：中国在养活了中国人民的同时又保护了环境。这一做法为全世界的农业和粮食政策制定人提供了很有用的经验。while后面省略了China is，省略句的原则：在时间、条件和让步状语从句中，如果从句的主语和主句的主语一致且含有be动词时，那么可以把主语和be动词一起省略。故填feeding。
4．Only then can the State of Utah ________ (make) an educated decision on behalf of people and resources.
答案：make　在句首的only如果后面跟了副词、介词短语或从句等状语，则主句用倒装结构。本句中情态动词can倒装，位于主语之前，谓语动词仍用原形，故填make。
5．Hardly ________ he arrived home when the phone rang.
答案：had　句意：他刚到家，电话就响了。此处为句型hardly ... when ...表示“一……就……”，此句型中，前面部分用过去完成时，后面部分用一般过去时，且hardly位于句首时，要用部分倒装结构，即将助动词had提到主语he之前。
6．If everything goes well ________ planned, the probe will reach a speed of 692,018 kilometers per hour as it orbits the sun.
答案：as　as it is planned为方式状语从句，此处省略了主语和be动词。
7．Not only ________ (be) it the ability to recognize how someone feels, but it also values and respects the feelings of another person.
答案：is　此处是not only置于句首的倒装，根据主语是it可知，be动词应用第三人称，根据but后的values and respects可知时态应用一般现在时，故填is。
8．The moon rose elegantly from the valley, the whole mountain ________ (bathe) itself in mysterious moonlight.
答案：bathing　句意：月亮从山谷里优雅地升起，整个高山沐浴在神秘的月光中。The moon rose elegantly from the valley是主句，没有连词连接，故the whole mountain________(bathe) itself in mysterious moonlight是独立主格结构作状语，mountain与bathe是主谓且是主动关系，故用现在分词bathing。
9．(2019·北京高考)Not only ________ you help our young volunteers to develop personally, you'll also learn new skills and increase your cultural awareness.
答案：will　句意：你们不仅可以帮助我们的年轻志愿者发展个人能力，还可以学习新的技能，提高文化意识。Not only位于句首，构成部分倒装，根据主句中的you'll可知，设空处应填will。
10．(2019·天津高考)No sooner ________ she leave my doorstep than I had emails from two women whose kids go to my son's nursery and who recognized my face.
答案：did　句意：她一离开我家，我就收到了两个女人的电子邮件，她们的孩子去了我儿子的托儿所，她们认出了我。no sooner had/did ... than ... “一……就”，No sooner位于句首，构成部分倒装，将助动词提前，根据后面的“I had emails”可知，设空处应填did。
11．It's time that I ________ (get) down to thinking about that essay.
答案：got　句意：我该认真考虑一下那篇论文了。get down to doing sth “开始，着手处理”，句型it's time that＋从句，表示“到了该做……的时候了”，从句需用虚拟语气，且从句谓语动词需用一般过去时或“should＋动词原形”，should不能省略。
12．Feeling down? Why ________ visit one of these four websites?
答案：not/don't you　“Why not＋动词原形＋ ...？”意为“为什么不……？”，是一种比较强烈的建议表达，相当于“Why don't you ...”。
13．Catherine, ________ (set) the alarm clock for 6 o'clock, or you would oversleep and be late for the train.
答案：set　句意：凯瑟琳，把闹钟定到6点，否则你会睡过头，就赶不上火车了。此处为“祈使句＋or＋陈述句”结构，应用动词原形。
14．(2021·北京市海淀区高三第一学期模拟)________ glad I was that he was sitting next to me.
答案：How　句意：他坐在我旁边，我是多么高兴。此处为how引导的感叹句。how用来修饰形容词、副词或动词。其结构是：How＋形容词(副词)＋主语＋谓语！
15．(2020·山东高考)“I wish we could help him to earn money，” said Clara. “His family is suffering so much.” “________ do I，” said Harry. “We really should do something to assist them.”
答案：So　“so＋助动词＋主语”表示前面的情况也适用于另一人或物。
16．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)Diets have changed in China—and so too ________ its top crop.
答案：has　该句是一个倒装句。当前面的句子是肯定句时，用“so＋助动词＋主语”表示“某人也……”。助动词的选用根据前面句子的谓语动词来判断。
17．(2018·北京高考)In any unsafe situation, simply ________ (press) the button and a highly­trained agent will get you the help you need.
答案：press　句意：在任何危险的情况下，仅仅摁一下按钮，那么一个高度训练的代理人将使你获得你需要的帮助。此处是“祈使句＋and＋一般将来时”的固定结构。
18．(2018·天津高考)—I'm moving in a few days and I wonder if you could help.
—You bet. Just let me know when, ________ I'll be there.
答案：and　该句式是“祈使句＋and＋简单句”，祈使句相当于条件，简单句相当于主句。
19．(2020·天津高考)Has it been a while since your last visit to a public library? If ________， you may be surprised to learn that libraries have changed for the better.
答案：so　句意：自从你上次去公共图书馆已经有一段时间了吗？如果是这样的话，你可能会惊讶地发现图书馆已经变得更好了。so指代的是前文的“上次去公共图书馆已经有一段时间了”，中间省略了it is。
二、单句改错
20．(2020·江苏高考)But it was the effects deep within the fat cells which may have been the most significant, the researchers found.
________________________________________________________________
答案：which→that　句意：但研究人员发现，最重要的可能是脂肪细胞内部的影响。此处为强调句型“it is/was＋被强调部分＋that＋其他”。
21．Among these books, I like The Old Man and the Sea best, from which I've learned never to give up when facing with difficulties.
________________________________________________________________
答案：facing→faced　句意：在这些书中，我最喜欢《老人与海》，从中我学会了在遇到困难时永不放弃。表示“面对” 短语为be faced with，且此处为when引导的状语从句，常省略和主句相同的主语和be动词，从句补充完整为“when (I am) faced with difficulties”。故将facing改为faced。
22．It was not until I surprisingly got a violin as a present on my eighth birthday which I took up playing an instrument.
________________________________________________________________
答案：which→that　句意：直到我八岁生日那天意外地得到一把小提琴作为礼物后，我才开始演奏乐器。It is/was not until ... that ... “直到……才……”，固定句型。
23．It was not until his third match in 1790 when he finally beat Humphries and became Champion of England.
________________________________________________________________
答案：when→that　句意：正是直到1790年第三次比赛时，他才最后打败汉弗莱斯，而成为英国的冠军。本题是一个强调句型，强调“not until ...”部分，而不是when引导的定语从句，故将when改为that。
24．If when the lawyer comes will it be possible to sign the papers.
________________________________________________________________
答案：If→Only　句意：只有律师来了才有可能在文件上签字。only＋状语从句位于句首，主句要部分倒装，从句不倒装。
25．It was then when he realized his camera was gone.
________________________________________________________________
答案：when→that　句意：就在那时，他意识到他的相机不见了。此处为强调句型“it is/was＋被强调部分＋that＋其他”。
26．What unforgettable experience!
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答案：unforgettable前加an　句意：多么难忘的经历啊！句子为感叹句，experience意为“经历”，为可数名词，所以此处为感叹句型“What＋a/an＋形容词＋单数可数名词＋(主语＋谓语)”，unforgettable的发音以元音音素开头，故应用不定冠词an。
27．When asking how the public would help beautify Utah Lake, the lake's official workers suggested picking up garbage.
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答案：asking→asked　当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致，且从句中含有be动词时，可以省略从句中的主语和be动词。从句中的ask和主语the lake's official workers为被动关系，意为“被问及……”，故用过去分词形式，when asked＝when they were asked。
28.No tourists would miss the local food in Xi'an, so would we.
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答案：so→nor/neither　“so＋助动词＋主语”表示前面所说的肯定情况也适用于另一人或物。表示否定时，要用nor/neither。
29．There have a time when we young people believe that our parents should stop offering their advice.
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答案：have→is　句意：有这么一段时间，我们年轻人认为我们的父母应该停止提出建议。此处为“there be”句型。There is a time when ... “有一段时间……”。
30．I wonder when it was what you came to realize what his words meant.
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答案：第一个what→that　句意：我想知道究竟是什么时候你意识到他所说的话的真正含义是什么。本句是一个多重复合句。I wonder后是when引导的强调句式的特殊疑问句，可以复原为“It was (when) that you came to realize ...”，所以用强调句的引导词that；及物动词realize后接宾语从句。