专题03：记叙文写作+能力综合练-2022年高考二轮复习能力提升精品讲义15讲（上海）

     记叙文写作篇+综合练              四级词汇词义例句shiver ['ʃɪvə]n. 颤抖，战栗；碎片v. 颤抖；哆嗦；打碎He shivered in the cold. The emptiness here sent shivers down my spine.shriek [ʃriːk]v. 尖叫n. 尖声；尖锐的响声They were dragged from their homes, shrieking and weeping. sophisticated [sə'fɪstɪkeɪtɪd]adj. 复杂的；精致的；久经世故的；富有经验的；干练的Honeybees use one of the most sophisticated communication systems of any insect. Claude was a charming, sophisticated companion. spectacle ['spektək(ə)l]n. 景象；场面；奇观；壮观 n.（复）眼镜It was a spectacle not to be missed.He looked at me over the tops of his spectacles.  spontaneous[spɒn'teɪnɪəs]adj. 自发的；自然的；无意识的The crowd gave a spontaneous cheer. startle ['stɑːt(ə)l]vt. 使吓一跳；使惊奇n. 惊愕；惊恐The telephone startled him. stern[stɜːn]adj. 严厉的；坚定的Mr. Monroe issued a stern warning to those who persist in violence. stumble['stʌmb(ə)l]v.绊脚，踉跄，结巴In her hurry, she stumbled and spilled the milk all over the floor. I hope I don’t stumble over any of the long words. tedious ['tiːdɪəs]adj. 沉闷的；冗长乏味的The work was tiring and tedious.thrive [θraɪv]vi. 繁荣，兴旺；茁壮成长Today her company continues to thrive. torrent ['tɒr(ə)nt]n. 奔流；倾注；迸发Torrents of water gushed into the reservoir. transmit [trænz'mɪt] v. 传输；传播；发射；传达The system transmits information over digital phone lines. transparent[træn'spærənt]adj. 透明的；显然的；坦率的；易懂的The way the system works will be transparent to the user. treaty['triːtɪ]n. 条约，协议；谈判Both sides have agreed to sign the treaty.trifle ['traɪf(ə)l]n. 琐事；少量，有点As a photographer, he'd found both locations just a trifle disappointing.He had no money to spare on trifles.  记叙文是一种比较常见的写作文体, 以记人叙事为主, 记叙人物的经历或事物/事件发生、发展、变化的过程。材料常涉及社会生活现象、人物或自然景物。无论记人还是叙事都要通过叙述、描写来加以表达, 把人物的经历或行为、发生的事情/事件用一定的顺序和语言技巧叙述出来。在叙述过程中“人以事显, 事由人生”, 人和事是密不可分的。在一篇记叙文中记人、写景、叙事往往是交织在一起的, 不能简单地分裂开。高考作文一般都不会单纯的记叙某事，而是夹叙夹议。1. 写作结构指导： * 结构完整, 内容清楚 一篇记叙文无论长短都应该是一个完全独立的事实, 因此在下笔时必须明确该从何处开始叙述, 何处结束叙述以及应该提供何种事实才能使叙述完整。 * 中心突出, 详略得当 明确写作目的和叙述的中心思想, 避免空洞的叙述或与主题无关的内容,文章的内容、结构、层次及所用语言都应围绕主题展开进行。叙述时必须繁简疏密相间, 突出主题的内容要加以详细具体的描写, 这样有助于读者对所叙述的人物或事件有个深刻的印象, 而对过渡性的内容作简短的交代即可。 * 脉络/主线清晰,语言灵活生动 一篇好的记叙文需要直接或间接表达以下六要素：事件发生的时间、地点、人物角色、原因、过程和结果(when, where, who, why, what, how)。写作顺序可采用“顺叙”、“倒叙”和“穿插叙述”的方法, 但初学者最好采用”顺叙”的方法进行训练, 即以情节发生时间的先后为序。 为了使叙述生动, 具有吸引力, 必须注意词汇运用得恰当、通顺、简洁和准确, 时态、人称要一致, 注重上下文的相关性、连续性, 以及与表达内容的一致性。 2. 常用句型. Vivid memories come flooding back to ... when I was .... If my memory serves me right, it happened on .... December 27th, 2012 was the most unforgettable day for me.. It dated back to .... In terms of appearance, he is of medium build, with small and bright eyes.. He/She always wears a friendly smile on his/her face, which makes him/her pretty approachable.. I admire him/her for .... He/She is enthusiastic/strict/hardworking/devoted/humorous/worthy of our respect.. It is he who enlightens my mind; it is he who taps my potential in... it is he who encourages/supports me when I lose confidence. 3. 模拟演练01 描述你在学校的一次难忘的活动。具体要求如下： 1. 详细描述活动的情况;  2. 简要表述你在活动中的感受。例文： Thursday, December 27th, 2012, was the most unforgettable day in Senior Three for me. It was the first time, as well as the last time that I had performed on the stage of our school at the closing ceremony of the School Art Festival. As scheduled, the ceremony began at 7 o’clock that evening and everyone felt excited, awaiting the wonderful performances. In fact, the performances were undoubtedly sensationally terrific, but I just couldn’t be fully absorbed in them. I was a bit nervous. At the summon of the teacher, nearly 200 Senior Three students, including me, went to the back of the stage to prepare for our singing performance. Everyone took his place and after that, I couldn’t help thinking that it was my last Art Festival and that I should spare no effort to add a brilliant touch to it. Slowly, the curtain was drawn up. There burst out a loud applause in the audience, louder than whatever I’d heard. All the people were expecting a great deal of us and we were standing still, every muscle ready. At the sound of the music, we threw all the nervousness into the wind and sang to our heart’s content. Together we sang out our passion, our belief and our dreams. The charm of the song fascinated everyone and our resounding voice lasted in the auditorium. Absolutely, we sang far better than any of the previous rehearsals and our performance turned out a success. Very soon, we’ll bid farewell to our beloved Alma Mater and headed into our bright future. However, the unforgettable scene of that day will impress me upon my mind permanently. 结构点评引言段：开门见山点出记叙文的核心要素——时间、地点、人物和事件中心段：作者用第一人称, 以时间(黑体画线处)为顺序完整具体地叙述了事件的过程, 同时穿插了动作和心理描写(斜体黑体部分), 画龙点睛式地表达了作者的感受, 突出了主题。结束段：回归主题, 突出重点语言点评引言段：短句加长句：It was the first time that sb. had done sth. (定语从句), 开头简短精练。中心段：1. 以时间为顺序陈述事件; 表时间的词语很灵活, 不单调, 如：as scheduled; at the summon of the teacher; at the sound of the music; slowly; turned out。2. 动作和心理描写精确, 如：nervous; couldn’t help thinking; every muscle ready; sang to our heart’s content。3. 长短句运用自然、流畅, 如：everyone felt excited, awaiting the wonderful performances (用分词作伴随状语形象地描写了观众期盼的心情)。4. 文中还运用了许多并列结构, 如：I couldn’t help thinking that ... and that ... 022007年上海高考以“礼物”为题写一篇作文。该文必须包括以下内容：1 你送礼物的对象以及所送礼物2 该礼物对他（她）可能产生的影响或者带来的变化范文1It is universally acknowledged that a good present is of great value to a person and even prone to change his or her life. As for me, one of the most impressive presents I have given to my friends is a watch which I had used for more than three years. The watch was given to Tom, who is one of my best friends. Diligent and warmhearted as he is, he sometimes has no sense of time, which causes him to be late for many things and leads to some trouble in work. By giving him such a watch, I hope he will pay more attention to punctuality, which will bring him more credibility in life and higher efficiency in both work and study. Besides, he used to tell me that he might feel lonely in the new environment after leaving the old friends in high school, and thus I hope that such a gift will remind him of the good old days we happily spent together and help him to feel better when he misses me. Anyway, I do wish that Tom will like this present, which hopefully will bring him good luck and motivates him to fight for a better future.范文2As it is universally acknowledged that presents may convey friendship and precious feelings, I have an idea in my mind that a unique gift should be sent to my intimate friend who will leave for the U.S.A in August.   To begin with , the present consists of two parts---one photo album and a letter. As she opens the album, the season of happiness and the period of sorrow that we shared together will be unfolded, thus locking the days into her permanent memory. When she misses her homeland and her friends, this album may act as the most effective medicine on her homesick. As for the letter, I hope that it may give her power and courage when she is depressed. So I will write in the letter that “there is no way to happiness, happiness is the way. Complete darkness may endure for a night, but it will never overcome the radiant light of the morning.”   On the whole, the present bears my sincere wishes and it will become an everlasting symbol of our friendship.  临近毕业，回顾三年高中生活，你肯定参加过很多班集体活动。请具体描述你参加过的最难忘的一次活动，并简要说明这次活动对你产生的影响。How time flies! It will be only a month before I graduate from my senior high school. Recalling what I have experienced, I keep the military training in mind, which was the first class activity of the life in senior high school.With the sun shining in the blue sky, we began our military training with great excitement and confidence. Sweat falling down the face, we stood like soldiers. However, as time went by, complaints emerged one after another. “Why must we take part in such a tough training?” “What’s the meaning of walking like that?” Some of my classmates even pretended to feel dizzy in order to ask for a sick leave. But the monitor said, “Since we have been here, why not persevere until the last minute?” Our class teacher also encouraged us not to give up halfway. Inspired by what they said, the whole class kept on hard training, and won the first place in the competition eventually, which was the best reward of the 7-day efforts.Not only did the tough training leave a deep impression on me but it also increased my courage of facing up to great challenges. By taking part in this unforgettable activity, I’ve fully realized that getting something done is just an accomplishment and getting something done well is an achievement. From then on, whenever I meet with difficulties in my study, I will always strive to the best advantage(努力到最出色).   语法填空Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.On Oct. 12, 2017, McDonald’s Chinese business changed its company’s name from Maidanglao to Jingongmen. The fast food chain stated on its blog that China will still bear the old name (21) ________ ________ the fans can be reassured and consumers can still be lovin’ it.The now logo had its start in 1952, (22)________ the McDonald’s brothers were interviewing architects to design the first McDonald’s location. But the brother’s plan to construct a restaurant with two arches (拱门) on each side (23)_______ (deny) by the first three architects. Then, they found Stanley Clark Meston. Meston designed the McDonald’s location to stand out amongst the surrounding buildings, (24)________ (grab) the attention of hungry drivers who could be convinced to pull over and buy a quick burger. Two golden arches, one on each side of the building, did just that.Originally, the two arches were not meant to form an “M,”. However, as the building design became famous, the chain created a logo (25)________ (intend) to be a simple artistic view of a McDonald’s location, with a roof and two arches lining up to form an M.By the late 1960s, McDonald’s (26)________ (abandon) the two-arch design, with the golden arches appearing instead on signs. This is the era in which Ray Kroc had taken over the business, using the golden arches as a logo, not as an architectural instruction. Strangely, (27)________ many people may not realize is that the McDonald’s arches symbolize a mother’s nourishing breasts in Freudian terms, so Louis Cheskin, a design consultant, said McDonald’s (28)________ as well maintain its branding.Nearly two decades ago, Thomas Friedman came up with his “Golden Arches Theory of Conflict Prevention”. The idea (29)________ no two countries that had McDonald’s restaurants would go to war suited the post-cold war 1990s. Unfortunately, as war is now back on the menu, McDonald’s is (30)________ (likely) to prevent a fifth war between India and Pakistan. Newer American brands, such as Apple, Uber and Starbucks, are powering ahead.21. so that  22. when  23. was denied  24. grabbing  25. intended  26. had abandoned  27. what  28. might  29. that  30. less likely 选词填空Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. precisionB. unreliable C. accustomed D. alert E. unlock F. invasions G. inevitable H. identified I. launched J. suspectedK. spot   The iPhone X, Apple’s new smart-phone, is equipped with facial recognition. Its scanner can __31__ the system almost instantly. It requires no buttons to be pressed, being always ready to read your face. For the millions of people who will soon depend on facial recognition to check their email, send a text or make a call, it will be easy and pretty “cool” to use. However, as we grow __32__ to the technology, we cannot become numb (麻木的) to the problems that come with it.Facial recognition is already used everywhere. In China, police use the technology to __33__ people who jaywalk (乱穿马路). In the United States, more than half of all adults are in a facial recognition database that can be used for criminal investigation. Retailers use the technology in their stores to identify __34__ shoplifters. However, different uses of facial recognition produce different levels of __35__. Camera distance, lighting, facial pose all affect the accuracy. Officials at the New York Police Department, for example, have __36__ at least five misidentifications by their facial recognition system. If the i-Phone’s new system is similarly __37__, no one will consider it to be acceptable security for our personal information. Luckily, it probably won’t be. But for many of the systems elsewhere, mistakes and __38__of privacy might be unavoidable.As the smart-phone of choice for many users, the i-Phone’s inclusion of facial recognition may encourage consumers to accept the technology elsewhere. However, even as we choose to explore the convenience facial recognition might offer, we should also be __39__ to the many ways it can be used. Facial recognition may well be __40__. Its risks need not be.31-40  ECKJA  HBFDG Reading ComprehensionDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(C)　　Researchers in the field of psychology have found that one of the best ways to make an important decision, such as choosing a university to attend or a business to invest in, involves the utilization of a decision worksheet. Psychologists who study optimization compare actual decisions made by people to theoretical ideal decisions to see how similar they are. Supporters of the worksheet procedure believe that it will yield optimal, that is, the best decisions. Although there are several variations on the exact format that worksheet can take, they are all similar in their essential aspects. Worksheets require defining the problem in a clear and concise way and then listing all possible solutions to the problem. Next, the relevant considerations that will be affected by each decision are listed, and the relative importance of each consideration or consequence is determined. Each consideration is assigned a numerical value to reflect its relative importance. A decision is mathematically calculated by adding these values together. The alternative with the highest number of points emerges as the best decision. 　　Since most important problems are multifaceted(多层面的), there are several alternatives to choose from, each with unique advantages and disadvantages. One of the benefits of a pencil and paper decision-making procedure is that it permits people to deal with more variables than their minds can generally comprehend and remember. On the average, people can keep about seven ideas in their minds at once. A worksheet can be especially useful when the decision involves a large number of variables with complex relationships. A realistic example for many college students is the question “What will I do after graduation ” A graduate might seek a position that offers specialized training, pursue an advanced degree, or travel abroad for a year. 　　A decision-making worksheet begins with a brief statement of the problem that will also help to narrow it. It is important to be clear about the distinction between long-range and immediate goals because long-range goals often involve a different decision than short-range ones. Focusing on long range goals, a graduating student might revise the question above to “What will I do after graduation that will lead to a successful career?”63. Of the following steps, which occurs before the others in making a decision worksheet A. Listing the consequences of each solution.B. Calculating a numerical summary of each solution.C. Deciding which consequences are most important.D. Writing down all possible solutions.64. According to decision-worksheet theory, an optional decision is defined as one that _______.A. has the fewest variables to considerB. uses the most decision worksheetsC. has the most points assigned to itD. is agreed to by the greatest number of people65. The author states that “On the average, people can keep about seven ideas in their minds at once” to explain that ________.A. most decisions involve seven stepsB. human mental capacity has limitationsC. some people have difficulty making minor as well as major decisionsD. people can learn to keep more than seven ideas in their minds with practice66. What does the passage mainly discuss A. A tool to assist in making complex decisions.B. A comparison of actual decisions and ideal decisions.C. Research on how people make decisions.D. Differences between long-range and short-range decision making.【答案】1.D 2.C 3.B 4.A Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two sentences more than you need. 　　A. Add a short but descriptive subject line.B. Having others waiting for your e-mails hurts their enthusiasm for work.C. It could get you a bad reputation as being indiscreet.D. People find long e-mails irksome and energy-sapping.AB. Rushed e-mails that violate the basic norms of written language bespeak carelessness.AC. Sending out e-mails after working hour could be seen as being impolite.  　　　　Your clients and colleagues don’t have time to engage fully with every e-mail they get. Some of them receive hundreds of messages per day. That’s why they start with the ones they can deal with quickly. They may never get around to answering — or even reading — the rest.　　So how do you earn their attention? Try these tips:　　Stick to standard capitalization and punctuation. Conventions of good writing may seem like a waste of time for e-mail, especially when you’re tapping out messages on a handheld device. But it’s a matter of getting things right — the little things. Even if people in your group don’t capitalize or punctuate in their messages, stand out as someone who does. ______67_____ And their abbreviated style can be confusing. It takes less time to write a clear message the first time around than it does to follow up to explain what you meant to say.　　Be brief — but not too brief. _____68____ The more they have to scroll or swipe, the less receptive they’ll be to your message. They’ll probably just skim it and miss important details — or skip it altogether. So rarely compose more than a single screen of reading. Focus your content, and tighten your language. But as you’re trimming the fat from your message, keep the meat intact. When giving a project update, for example, supply enough background information to orient your readers. Consider your message from their perspective. They aren’t as immersed in your project as you are, and they probably have many other things going on. So remind them where things stood when you last sent an update, and describe what’s happened since then.　　____69____ Before hitting “Send,” check your subject line. If it’s generic or blank, your message will get lost in your recipient’s overstuffed inbox. Are you asking someone to take action? Highlight that in the subject line. Make your request easy to find — and fulfill.　　Copy people judiciously. Include only those who will immediately grasp why they’re on the thread; don’t automatically click on “Reply All.” Your correspondent may have been over inclusive with the “Copy” list, and if you repeat that mistake, you’ll continue to annoy the recipients who shouldn’t be there. ____70____【答案】   1. AB     2. D    3. A     4. C Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.　　　　Tired of all the pushing in supermarkets? Fed up with waiting in endless lines to pay for what you have bought? Angry at wasting time in traffic jams only to find no parking spaces when you eventually arrive at the store? If this is you, then online shopping is the answer to your dreams of trouble-free shopping. Or is it?　　Online shopping brings its own challenges. Here are a few things to bear in mind when browsing various websites. The claim made by online sites is that shopping online is a safe and secure way to make purchases. The evidence challenges this. In any case, you only have to be the victim of fraud (欺诈) once to experience all the problems that come with this form of stealing. Use only sites that have a trusted history and an excellent reputation.　　Another problem is that the appearance of items in reality is often quite different from what you see on your computer screen. This might not be a problem if you are buying washing up powder but could be a major disappointment when that beautiful blue dress you ordered turns up in green. Also, product descriptions are sometimes simply untrue! Perhaps the wisest plan is to purchase items whose design and color are not essential to customer satisfaction.　　Some even argue that online shopping indirectly contributes to global warming. Yes, your car can stay parked but how are online goods delivered? Often by some large van pouring out carbon monoxide(一氧化碳)  and adding to our already desperate traffic problems. You are also by now becoming increasingly irritated by the fact that the delivery is late!【答案】:(要点一) Online shopping can free you of the trouble you meet when buying things in store.  (要点二)However, it has challenges. Firstly, you should bear in mind that you must use sites which deserve trusting. (要点三) Secondly, you shouldn’t believe all the descriptions because they may be untrue.(要点四)Lastly,you should know although the delivery may be late, it may cause global warming.(60words) ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________