专题12：阅读理解+能力综合练-2022年高考二轮复习能力提升精品讲义15讲（上海）


第十二讲


阅读理解篇+综合练

词汇拓展





专题精选





实战演练





能力提升练






词汇拓展





四级词汇
词义
例句
1. exclaim  [ɪk'skleɪm]
v. 呼喊，惊叫
‘No!’ she exclaimed in shock.
2. exclusively  [ɪk'skluːsɪvli]
adv. 唯一地；专有地；排外地
This offer is available exclusively to people who call now. 
3. execute  ['eksɪkjuːt]
vt. 实行；执行；处死
The job involves drawing up and executing a plan of nursing care.
4. exert  [ɪɡ'zɜːt]
vt. 运用，发挥；施以影响
He exerted considerable influence on the thinking of the scientific community on these issues. 
5. faculty ['fæk(ə)ltɪ]
n.〔大学的〕系，部，院;〔大学的〕全体教员；机能，能力
Both faculty and students oppose the measures.
He was drunk and not in control of his faculties. 
She had a great faculty for absorbing information. 
6. famine ['fæmɪn]
n. 饥荒；饥饿
Thousands of refugees are trapped by war, drought and famine.
7. fatigue  [fə'tiːg]
n. 疲劳，疲乏
He’s suffering from physical and mental fatigue. 
8. feast [fiːst]
v. 享受；宴请，赴宴
n. 筵席，盛宴；宗教节日
feast ones eyes on尽情欣赏
The king promised to hold a great feast for all his people. 
Only a few feet away, their captors feasted in the castle's banqueting hall. 
9. feeble  ['fiːb(ə)l]
adj. 虚弱的；站不住脚的
His voice sounded feeble and far away. 
This is a particularly feeble argument.
10. fibre  ['faɪbə]
n. 纤维；纤维制品
Fruit and vegetables are high in fibre content. 
11. filter  ['fɪltə]
n. 过滤器；筛选；滤光器
v. 过滤；渗透；用过滤法除去
The news gradually filtered through from Bombay last night.
Moonlight filtered in through the frosted window. 

12. fleet  [fliːt]
adj. 快速的，敏捷的
n. 舰队；车队
An enormously powerful fleet was concentrated at Pearl Harbour. 
13. flourish ['flʌrɪʃ]
n. vi. 兴旺；茂盛； 繁荣
The plant flourishes particularly well in slightly harsher climes.
14. fluid  ['fluːɪd]
adj. 流动的；n. 流体；液体
The blood vessels may leak fluid, which distorts vision. 
His painting became less illustrational and more fluid. 
15. flush  [flʌʃ]
n. 激动，脸红；奔流
v. 脸红；用水冲洗；使激动
She began to flush with excitement. 
They flush clean water through the pipes once a day.
专题突破





阅读理解答题技巧
高考阅读理解常见的设题形式有：词义猜测题、细节题、推断题、作者态度题和主旨大意题。题型不同，答题技巧也就有差异。下面就不同题型的答题技巧作一点简分析。
1、词义猜测题技巧
此类考题目要求考生能根据上下文确定某一特定的词或短语的准确含义。一般提问方式如下：
1) The word “ABC” in the passage probably means ________.
2) The underlined word “ABC” in the passage refers to/means _______.
3) Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word in the second paragraph？
4) The underlined sentence in the last paragraph means ____．
5) The word "it（them）" in the first paragraph refers to ____．
这种题型要求对文章中的划线生词进行词义猜测。这类题型不仅要求具备一定构词法，而且也要求对上下文具有比较全面的理解。做词意猜测时，应注意划线生词后面的定语从句、同位语从句。定语从句、同位语从句通常用来解释生词的词意。另外，还要应注意生词后的标点符号，如逗号、破折号、引号、括号都可用于提示词意。有时，词意隐藏在全文或某一段中，这就需要把握文段的意境来加以透知该词的含义。
在高考阅读题中，考生遇到的最大障碍往往有两个：一是被已认识的单词的某一熟知含义所误导；二是被完全不认识的单词的意思所阻碍，从而出现理解偏差或理解困难，影响阅读的速度。其实解决这两个困难的一个重要法宝是考生在心目中树立起上下文观念，要学会"顺藤摸瓜"，通过构词，语法，定义，同位，对比，因果，常识，上下文等线索确定词义。

【例题】
（2018松江一模）Men are as likely as women to suffer from postnatal (产后的) depression, a study shows. One in ten fathers — the same ratios as mothers — are found to suffer before or after birth. By the time their child reaches 12 weeks, as many as one in four are feeling down.
The symptoms observed in the American study are not thought to be hormonal — as they are in women — and are instead probably a response to the pressures of fatherhood. These include the expense of having children, changed relationship with partners and fear of paternal (父亲的) responsibility. In the early weeks, the lack of sleep and extra domestic chores also take the toll.
57. What does the underlined phrase“take the toll”in paragraph 2 mean?
A. Cost a lot of money. B. Take the lead.
C. Have a bad effect. D. Have no links.
Key：C

（2018黄浦二模）All across America, students are anxiously finishing their “What I Want To Be …” college application essays, advised to focus on STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) by experts and parents who insist that’s the only way to become workforce ready. But two recent studies of workplace success contradict the traditional wisdom about “hard skills”.
63. The underlined word “contradict” most probably means “_____”.
A. add to B. back up C. bring about D. conflict with
Key：D

（2017闵行一模）They swim lovely along the shore, looking for underwater greens to feed on. But these days, along Florida’s western coast, something is mixing with the sea grass that manatees like to eat. And it’s making them sick, even killing them.
56. The word “them” probably refers to .
A.underwater greens B.algae C.manatees D.endangered animals
Key：C

2、细节题技巧
此类考题主要针对文章的细节，一般提问方式如下：
1) Which of the following is NOT true according to the information in the passage?
2) Which of the following statements is correct according to the passage?
3) Which of the following is not mentioned?
4) Choose the right order of this passage.
5) According to the passage, when (where, why, how, who, etc. ) ...
6) From this passage we know that ________.
7) In the passage, the author states that ______.
细节题的破解一般采用寻读法，即先看试题，再读文章。对有关信息进行快速定位，再将相关信息进行整合、甄别、分析、对比，有根有据地排除干扰项，选出正确答案。此法加强了阅读的针对性，提高了做题的准确率，节省了宝贵的时间。寻读法还特别适用于对图形表格类题材的理解。做此类型的题目还要特别注意句子的逻辑关系。英语中有许多功能词，如：表因果关系的because, since, as等；表转折关系的but, however ,on the contrary, on the other hand等等。
细节理解题一直都是高考阅读理解中常考的题型，通常细节题的正确选项有以下特征：
1）对原文句子中的关键词进行替换。把原文中的一些词换成意义相近的词，成为正确选项。 
  2）词性或者语态的变化。把原文中的一些词变换一下词性，或者改变原文句子的语态，给考生制造障碍。 
  3）语言简化。把原文中的复杂语言现象进行简化，成为正确答案。 
  4）正话反说。把原文中的意思反过来表达而成为正确选项(适用于寻找错误选项的题目)。

【例题】
（2018徐汇二模）Earlier this year a series of papers in The Lancet reported that 85 percent of the $265 billion spent each year on medical research is wasted because too often absolutely nothing happens after initial results of a study are published. No follow-up investigations to replicate(复制) or expand on a discovery. No one uses the findings to build new technologies.
63. What is the problem reported in those papers in The Lancet?
A. Great achievements in medical research failed to get published.
B. Money was wasted on follow-up investigations in medical research.
C. Too many new research findings are not put into use after publication.
D. Few scientists are devoted to building new technologies for mankind.
Key：C

（2018静安一模）The data show that, though the national crime rates dropped by 70 percent during recent years, seasonal spikes in summer remain. In some cases those spikes are 12 percent higher than rates during seasons in which the lows occur. The phenomenon confuses many criminologists, and they wonder why.
63. What puzzles scholars studying crimes?
A. The rates of robbery and auto theft are lower than other violent and property crimes in summer
B. The rates of crimes resulting in death are about the same in all seasons.
C The crime rates not reported to the police are much higher during summer.
D Crime rates in summer are higher than those of other seasons.
Key：D

3、推断题技巧
此类考题一般针对短文内容和考生应有的常识，文章中虽然没有明确的答案，但考生在理解全文的基础上可以进行推理和判断其答案。一般提问方式如下：
1) The author implied（suggested）that．．．
2) We can infer from the text that _______.
3) It can be inferred from the text that ______.
4) It may be concluded from the passage that．．．
5) Which of the following statements does the passage support？
6) The paragraph following the passage will most probably be ___.
推理是在既有信息的基础上得出合乎文章内容的内涵意义，即某一问题、某一观点没有直接表述，而寓意在文章的字里行间，要求通过文中信息分析推出某种符合作者思想、符合文章逻辑的内涵意义。推断则是指通过对文章进行符合逻辑的综合分析，推出文章未直接陈述的言外之意。推断题推断得正确与否，很大程度上取决于是否能正确把握作者潜隐在字里行间的语气及观点。

【例题】
（2018徐汇二模）Unselfish behavior was considered more morally right than selfish, but both behaviors were judged to be more moral and less deserving of punishment if the majority exhibited them than if they were uncommon. The commonness of the selfish behavior also affected the participants' willingness to themselves pay to punish selfishness.
64. It can be concluded that the participants in the experiments are punished if _________.
A. they can’t play "public goods game"
B. invest the money to benefit group members
C. they behave differently from the majority
D. they keep the money for themselves
Key：C

（2018虹口一模）For all his global fame, Neil Armstrong is a remarkably modest man. He rarely gave interviews and didn’t like talking about his achievement. He stopped giving his signatures when he found that people sold them for thousands of dollars.
“I guess we all like to be recognized not for one piece of fireworks but for the ledger (记账簿) of our daily work,” Armstrong said in a CBS interview in 2005. When asked how he felt knowing his footprints would be likely to stay on the moon’s surface for thousands of years, he said: “I kind of hope that somebody goes up there one of these days and cleans them up.”
58. By saying “I guess we all like to be recognized not for one piece of fireworks but for the ledger of our
daily work”, Armstrong meant that __________.
A. the more daily work you’ve done, the more easily you will be recognized
B. things that look spectacular are not as useful as ordinary successes
C. achieving greatness can make other successes feel less important
D. everyday’s hard work is more appreciated than one successful moment
Key：D

4、作者态度题技巧
此类题目的主要提问方式是一般提问方式如下：
1) What's the writer's/author's attitude to/towards ... ?
2) The author’s tone would be best described as _______ .
3) The attitude of ... to/towards ... is .
这一类考题大都要求考生就作者对论述对象持什么样的态度做出推断，如作者对所陈述的观点是赞同、反对，还是犹豫不定，对记述或描写的人、物或事件是赞颂、同情、冷漠，还是厌恶。作者的这种思想倾向和感情色彩不一定直接表述出来，而往往隐含在字里行间。因此，进行这种推断时，我们既要依靠短文的主题思想作为推力的前提，又要注意作者的措辞，尤其是形容词一类的修饰语。
确定作者态度，可以有两种思路：
1）问全文主体事物的(包括主题)，可以根据阐述主题或有关主体事物的相关句中的形容词、副词或动词确定作者的态度；
2）如果问的是对某一具体事物的态度，则可以定位到具体相关句，然后确定答案。
英语阅读理解中表示作者态度的高频词汇
1. positive 肯定的,积极的
2. passive 被动的，消极的
3. negative 消极的
4. supportive 支持的
5. disapproving 不赞成的
6. critical 批评的
7. conservative 保守的
8. suspicious 可疑的，怀疑的
9. puzzled/ confused 困惑的
10. subjective 主观的
11. objective 客观的
12. neutral 中立的
13. concerned 关心的，有关的
14. optimistic 乐观的
15. pessimistic 悲观的
16. indifferent 漠不关心的
17. unconcerned 不关心的

【例题】
（2016嘉定一模）Scientist can’t foresee the possible effects of GE foods, yet we eat them every day without even knowing it. We already have enough food, so why create more that could be potentially harmful to us, to the Earth and to all wildlife? I think that the benefits are amazing, but until we know for sure how these foods will affect us, they are not worth the risk.
77. What’s the author’s attitude towards genetic engineering?
A.welcoming B.disapproving C.unconcerned D.optimistic
Key：B
5、主旨大意题技巧
这种题型要求考生能够把握文章的总体，并真正理解主题和中心；要求能较好地运用概括、判断、归纳、推理等逻辑思维方法解题，难度较大，属于高层次题。
一般主旨大意题可以分为两类：
1．确定文章的标题和主题(title or topic)
标题位于文章之首，用来高度概括文章内容，点明文章主题。它可以是单词，短语，也可以是句子。要确定文章标题，首先，要在阅读原文的基础上，考虑标题是否与主题密切相关；其次，看标题是否能概括全文内容。不能只概括短文中的某些事实或细节；然后，要注意标题范围不应太大或太小；最后，标题应简练并能吸引读者。即:1、独特新颖  2、概括性强 3、短小精炼。
要恰当地选好标题，还需要了解标题的基本拟定方式。一般来说，标题的拟定方式是：以话题为核心，将控制性概念的词按一定的语法浓缩为概括主题句句意或中心思想的词组。 
比如某一文章的中心句子为：Coffee is a universal drink that is served in different ways around the world. 
话题：Coffee 
控制性概念：is a universal drink that is served in different ways around the world 
标题：Coffee Around the World 

常见的标题型题干：
1)  The best title/ headline for this passage might be________.
2)  The text (passage) could be entitled   ______.
3)  What is the best title for the passage?
4) What’s the topic of the article?

【例题】
（2018松江一模）Men are as likely as women to suffer from postnatal (产后的) depression, a study shows. One in ten fathers — the same ratios as mothers — are found to suffer before or after birth. By the time their child reaches 12 weeks, as many as one in four are feeling down.
The symptoms observed in the American study are not thought to be hormonal — as they are in women — and are instead probably a response to the pressures of fatherhood. These include the expense of having children, changed relationship with partners and fear of paternal (父亲的) responsibility. In the early weeks, the lack of sleep and extra domestic chores also take the toll.
The study put the overall rate of depression among new fathers at 10.4 percent — double the estimated 4.8 percent for all men in any 12-month period. Around 8 percent were affected in the 12 weeks before and after birth, according to the Eastern Virginia Medical School Research. The study found parents were more likely to be down if their partner was too.
It is estimated that around one in ten women suffers postnatal depression, even if they have never had mental health problems. Without treatment the condition can last for months. Although most women have a few days of “Baby Blues” shortly after birth, postnatal depression can kick in up to six months later. Experts say that paternal depression is serious because it can have “substantial emotional, behavioural and developmental” effects on children.
58. Which could be the best title for the passage?
A. Therapy for Depression B. Father Getting Baby Blues
C. Effects of Father Blues D. Postnatal Recovery
Key：B

2.主题句（topic sentence）及主旨大意(main idea)的概括
一篇文章一般表达一个中心内容或主题。这个中心内容或主题通常用一个句子来概括。此句叫做主题句。一般来说，说明文和议论文都有主题句，而且多位于文章的开头，有时也位于文章的中间或末尾。但有时不能在文中直接找到主题句，要求读者把握每段的主题句，弄清段于段之间逻辑关系的基础上自己归纳总结。主题句必须能简洁明了地概括全文的主要内容，具有高度的综合性和概括性。文章或段落的其他句子都是对主题句的进一步解释,说明,论证或扩展.
常见的主题句和主旨型题干：
1) What is the topic sentence of the passage?
2) This article/text/passage mainly tells that _____________.
3) What is the main purpose of the passage?
4) Which of the following is the main idea of the passage?

【例题】
（2018松江一模）“Two centuries ago, Lewis and Clark left St. Louis to explore the new lands acquired in the Louisiana Purchase,”George W. Bush said, announcing his desire for a program to send men and women to Mars. “They made that journey in the spirit of discovery. America has ventured forth into space for the same reasons.”
Yet there are vital differences between Lewis and Clark’s expedition and a Mars mission. .....
Appealing as the thought of travel to Mars is, it does not mean the journey makes sense, even considering the human calling to explore. And Mars as a destination for people makes absolutely no sense with current technology.
Present system for getting from Earth’s surface to low-Earth orbit are so fantastically expensive that merely launching the 1,000 tons or so of spacecraft and equipment a Mars mission would require could be accomplished only by cutting health-care benefits, education spending, or other important programs --- or by raising taxes. ....
It is interesting to note that when President Bush unveiled his proposal, he listed these recent major achievements of space exploration pictures of evidence of water on Mars, discovery of more than 100 planets outside our solar system, and study of the soil of Mars. ...
Rather than spend hundreds of billions of dollars to hurl tons toward Mars using current technology, why not take a decade or two or however much time is required researching new launch systems and advanced propulsion (推进力)? If new launch systems could put weight into orbit affordably, and advanced propulsion could speed up that long, slow transit to Mars, the dream of stepping onto the red planet might become reality. Mars will still be there when the technology is ready.
66. What is the main idea of the passage?
A. Risky as it is, a Mars mission helps to retain America’s position as a technological leader.
B. A Mars mission is so costly that it may lead to an economic disaster in America.
C. Someday people may go to Mars but not until it makes technological sense.
D. A Mars mission is unnecessary since the scientists once there won’t make great discoveries.
Key：C


实战演练






（2017上海春考）
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read.
(A)
What happens in a particular class on a particular day depends on the interactions that occur between the teacher, the students, and the material being studied. The classroom context, generally speaking, includes all those factors that influence what happens during teaching and learning. These factors operate on different levels.
The physical context, for example, influences what happens in the classroom. Space may restrict participation, depending on how a teacher interprets the situation, some teachers use their surroundings to promote learning. Notice boards reflect themes or topics being studied; a display area presents students’ written work for others to read. Of course, some teachers remain unaware of the physical environment of the classroom affects the nature and types of interactions that they and their students inhabit together. A room, after all, is just a room.Yet the physical environment of the classroom affects the nature and types of interactions that will occur. Straight rows of tables, for example, are favourable to classroom lectures and turn-taking routines in which students, one by one, recite answers to a teacher's questions.
A room isn’t just a room for teachers who seek to make the physical environment suitable for interactive learning. Interactive learning invites thinking, reading, writing, speaking, listening and sharing. Such classrooms are arranged for individuals rather than for the “class” as a whole; they welcome students as active participants. Various physical arrangements encourage interactive learning, but they depend on the size of the room and the furniture that is available.
A class can be organized for individual, group, or whole-class activities. Students are initially assigned seats at a combination of small and large tables. However, when the students work individually or in groups, they are free to abandon the assigned seating. The chalkboard occupies a central position in the room to accommodate whole-class study.
56. According to the passage, “the physical context” (paragraph 2) may include_______.
A. teachers' roles
B. themes being studied
C. a display area
D. students’ participation
57. Which of the following is the most suitable for a classroom lecture?




A. B.

Table



Chair
Small Table


Chair

Small Table
C. D.
Couch

Chair



Discussion area

Couch






58. From the last paragraph,we can learn that_________________.
A.classrooms should be arranged for the class as a whole
B.the chalkboard should be abandoned during group work
C.seating can be changed for different classroom activities
D.interaction can be encouraged by combining small and large tables
59. What is the passage mainly about?
A. The physical classroom environment varies with different types of interactions.
B. The physical environment is a deciding factor for a successful lesson.
C. Interactive learning depends on individuals’ active involvement.
D. Group work has become a trend in classroom teaching.

(B)
B B C SHOP
Entertaining. Informing. Inspiring.
WHAT A RELIEF!
Delight everyone on your holiday gift list with great gifts from the BBC.
You’ll earn heartfelt thanks from nature lovers for Planet Earth I & II: The Complete Collection (page 41) – inspiring look at our planet’s wildest, most mysterious creatures and their breathtaking home.
…from mystery lovers for Sherlock: Complete Seasons 1-4 and The Abominable Bride Giftset (page 13) – entertaining proof that Holmes can be difficult, dangerous, accurate, and absolute funny.
…and from those who appreciate all things British. Delight Charles Dickens fans with Dickensian (page 7). The new drama series with more adventures for Dickens’ characters…Dinner with Dickens Cookbook (page 9) with procedures for his favorite dishes…and Tom Baker Reads “A Christmas poem” (page 8) for a wonderful new holiday tradition.
Plus teapots, T-shirts, shortbread, mugs and more – just in time for the holidays.
Enjoy!
NEW


THE MOMENT
Welcome to murder, suspense, romance, robbery and clothing in this exciting historical drama! Trouble begins for Rachel Verinder the day she inherits a large diamond stolen from a Hindu temple. When it disappears again, suspicion falls on Franklin Blake, the man who loves her. But what about mysterious cousin Godfrey, the housemaid with a thieving past, and doctor who experiments with opium（鸦片）? Blake must discover the fate of the Moonstone or lose Rachel forever. A powerful tale and emotionally sudden changes, based on the first-ever English detective novel by Wikie Collins. 3¾ hours.
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WALKERS CHRISTMAS TREE SHORTBREAD AND TINS
Santa and a beautiful Angel put the finishing touches on Christmas tree tins – perfect centerpieces and holiday decorations that your family and friends will enjoy year after year.
Lift the treetops and taste the delicious secret inside: pure butter shortbread shaped like mini-Christmas trees, and made from only finest ingredients – flour, butter, sugar and salt.
Baked in the village of Aberlour in the Scottish Highlands, they follow a generations-old family procedure, first perfected by Joseph Walker in 1898. While the shortbread will disappear as if by magic, the tins will hold your holiday cookies and candy for many Christmases to come.
Wonderful hostess gifts. Both tins: 6〃h ×4¾〃d; net wt 4.4 oz.
Angel 21042 $19.98
Santa 21043 $19.98

60. Tom’s wife is a home baker, so he’d better refer to Page ______ for a Christmas present for her.
A. 8 B. 9 C. 13 D. 41
61. Which of the following statements is TRUE about “The Moment”?
A. It is an adapted drama lasting nearly 4 hours.
B. The story, rather than the actors, is attracting.
C. There are three suspects for stealing the diamond.
D. It is based on Wikie Collins’ most famous detective novel.
62. What can be learned about the shortbread?
A. It usually disappears in a magic way together with the tin.
B. It follows a secret procedure perfected by Joseph Walker.
C. It is wrapped in a tin with both Angel and Santa on it.
D. It is traditionally family-baked in Scotland.

(C)
We’ve all heard the dangers of helicopter parenting. Remaining too involved in a kid’s life, especially throughout college, can lead to depression, lack of self-reliance and feelings of entitlement.
This wisdom seems sound. But some academics and educators now say they see signs of a troubling resistance. The concern: that too much of warnings and horror stories—the cover of Julie Lythcott-Haims’ bestseller How to Raise an Adult instructs moms and dads to avoid “the overparenting trap”— is discouraging parents from getting involved at all.
“Yes, parents can be intruders,” says Marjorie Savage, a researcher in the University of Minnesota. “At the same time, there are increasing examples of parents refusing to step up when students genuinely need their family” At Hofstra University, for example, parents now ask embarrassedly about mental-health and campus-safety resources, as if bringing up those topics were forbidden, says Branka Kristie, who heads the family-outreach programs. And Savage recalls talking to a mom who kept quiet about her son’s signs of depression until right before he failed a semester. She did not want to “helicopter in.”
That means colleges, which have spent the past decade learning to cope with parents who get too involved, now have a different problem. In recent years, hundreds of colleges have either launched or increased their parent offices, which serve as one-stop shops for moms and dads looking to make complaints, report problems and generally stay in touch.
Much of this began, of course, because schools were forced to cope with a generation of students connected with their parents like never before. On average, they communicate 22. 1 times per week, according to research from Barbara Hofer, a psychology professor at Middlebury College. That’s more than twice the rate of a decade ago, before almost every student had a smartphone.
With some moms and dads thinking twice of contacting the school in the first place, some programs are being used to encourage a more balanced approach, often through email and other social media. Hofstra's Kristic advises parents to “be a guide, while granting that the student owns the journey.” That means asking questions, listening to answers, being patient and trusting kids to resolve their own problems. But if issues persist, or if a student is in serious mental or physical danger, it also means hopping in the chopper, at least for a little while.

63. In paragraph 3, parents of Hofstra University students are mentioned to_________.
A. show that parents have gone to the other extreme of overparenting
B. provide educators with a new understanding of overparenting
C. give a further example of supportive overparenting
D. place emphasis on the necessity of overparenting
64. The phrase "hopping in the chopper" in the last paragraph refers to_________.
A. having trust in kids B. stepping in to solve kids problems
C. joining a family-outreach program D. turning to social media for help
65. What can be inferred from the passage?
A. Mental-health and campus-safety resources are forbidden topics among parents
B. How to Raise an Adult encourages parents to get engaged in family education
C. Overparenting is no longer a problem because of students’ self-reliance.
D. There was less student-parent communication in the past than today.
66. Which of the following is the best title for the passage?
A. Why Colleges Need Helicopter Parents B. How to Improve parent-school Relations
C. Why Overparenting Is in Question D. How to Communicate More as Parents
56-59 CDCA 60-62 BAD 63-66 ABDA

能力提升练





（一）语法月词汇

Technological change is everywhere and affects every aspect of life, mostly for the better. However, social changes brought about by new technology often 21.___________(mistake) for a change in attitudes.
An example at hand is the involvement of parents in the lives of their children 22._________(admit) to college. According to a survey, 23._________(move) into college dormitories, children are still overly-protective. The same surveys also indicate that the rate of parental involvement is greater today than it was a generation ago. This is usually interpreted as a sign 24._________ today’s parents are trying to manage their children’s lives past the stage 25._________ this behavior is appropriate.
However, greater parental involvement does not necessarily indicate that parents are failing to let go of their “adult” children.
In the context (背景) of this discussion, it seems valuable to first find out the cause of change in the case of parents’ involvement with their grown children. 26.__________ parents of earlier generations had wanted to be in touch with their college-age children frequently, would this have been possible? Probably not. On the other hand, does the possibility of frequent communication today mean that the urge to do so wasn’t present a generation ago? Many studies show that older parents—today’s grandparents—would have called their children 27.________(often) if the means and cost of doing so had not been a barrier.
Furthermore, studies show that finances are the most frequent subject of communication between parents and their college children. The fact that college students can never be financially independent 28._________their parents is nothing new; nor are requests for more money to be sent from home. This phenomenon is neither good nor bad; it is a fact of college life, today and in the past.
Thanks to the advanced technology, we 29._________ live in an age of bettered communication. This has many implications well beyond the role that parents seem 30._________(play) nowadays in the lives of their children who have left for college. But it is useful to bear in mind that all such changes come from the technology and not some imagined desire by parents to keep their children under their wings.
21. are mistaken 22. admitted 23. moving/having moved 24. that 25. where
26. If 27. more often 28. of 29. can 30. to be playing

Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. merchandize B. completed C. fueled D. concerns E. significant
F. magnificent G. executive H. volume I. consumption J. created K. provided

Alibaba Group Holding Ltd, China's e-commerce giant, on Friday set another sales record for Singles Day, the world's biggest online shopping event, reporting that about 120.7 billion yuan ($17.79 billion) was spent in 24 hours.
Alibaba, which ___31___ the annual shopping festival on November 11, 2009, said that this year's sales far exceeded last year's 92.1 billion yuan in transactions (交易).
Jack Ma, ___32___ chairman of Alibaba Group, said he was very satisfied with this year's sales. Ma made his comments in Shenzhen, where Alibaba held an event and invited 600 media from China and abroad to witness the real-time transactions of ___33___ sold on its platforms.
Similar to Black Friday and Cyber Monday in the US and the UK, Singles Day has grown into the world's largest online shopping event with the participation of not only e-commerce players, but also brick-and-mortar retailers (零售). Alibaba's sales ___34___ accounts for a large quantity of the total sales on Singles Day.
The event has become a celebration of ___35___ for urban residents and more and more for those who live in rural China.
The rising penetration (渗透) rate of smartphones in China has ___36___ the growth in Singles Day. About 82 percent of this year's transactions were ___37___ using mobile devices, a ___38___ increase from 68.67 percent recorded last year, according to Alibaba.
The increasingly convenient Internet consumer-finance services in China have helped more people to shrug off ___39___ about shopping as they can afford more purchases by borrowing small loans.
By 5 pm on Friday, about 21 percent of the Nov 11 shopping purchases were paid by Ant Check Later, an online consumer finance service ___40___ by Ant Financial Services Group.
JGAHI CBEDK

（三）概要写作

2018年复旦附中高三月考
Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
In the new century, human beings will be filled with hope and live a more advanced life. However, man will also have to face some problems that will rob human beings of their existence.
First of all, pollution of all forms such as land pollution, noise pollution, air pollution and water pollution are worsening with each passing day. People complain all over the world it is becoming harder to breathe and water is turning undrinkable. Also forests are being felled at a very fast rate. The pollutions are getting so terrible that in some countries we can’t find clean rivers and white clouds in the sky!
Additionally, the explosion of population in some parts of the world is showing its terrible results. Human beings will have over used the earth’s resources, and people will run a high risk of starvation and diseases resulting from overcrowding. In the end, man would be forced out of the earth if the present trend were not reversed.
What’s more, in the past century we had many disastrous wars. But there is still potential that the atomic bomb will be used by some politicians in order to keep regional hegemony. If it should happen, the exp1osion could easily lead to the destruction of civilization.
More seriously, the depersonalization of human relationships and the weakening of spiritual values are worsening due to the stress caused by the busy schedules and the extreme pursuit of money. This will further contribute to man’s isolation and loneliness.
Apparently, with all these problems facing human beings, it seems to be overwhelmingly urgent to conquer them one by one because we have only one earth and it is our home. In the new century, we must try our best to heal the world and make it a better place for you, for me and for the children who will come to this world.(312 WORDS)
Although our life will be promising in the future, it is still threatened by some problems, such as various pollutions, exploded population, potential wars, and the worsening of human relations, which may lead to bad living environment, starvation and diseases, regional inequality, loneliness and even the damage of human civilization. For our future generations, we must conquer them all. (59 words)

（三）六选四
Directions: Read the following passage and fill in each blank with the sentence that best fits the context. Each sentence can only be used once. Note that there are two sentences more than you need.
A.Many adults also like to play Second Life.
B.To play Second Life a computer user signs up at the Second Life Web site. 
C.In some ways the imaginary world is like the real world.
D.You can get your first Second Life account for free.
E. By playing the game, some people want to get out of the real world.
F. How many people do you think play Second Life?

Second Life is an online imaginary world where a computer user can create a new self and experience a separate life.  Second Life is similar to other popular "massively multiplayer online role-playing games."  The company Linden Lab of San Francisco, California created Second Life in two thousand three. 
____67____Then he or she creates an electronic image, or animated character, called an avatar.  Some people try to make their avatar look as close to their real self as possible. Other people change their sex or become an imaginary creature as their Second Life avatar.
Once you have your avatar you become a "resident" of Second Life. ____68____Your avatar also can make friends with other Second Life avatars. Residents can go to school, own a business, even get married.  But, there are also activities in Second Life that are impossible in the real world.  For example, if you do not feel like walking to that park near your Second Life home, why not fly? 
____69____But it costs money to get other accounts and to buy land.  The virtual world has its own currency, the Linden dollar.  You use these to buy virtual clothes, property, entertainment and many other things.  You can earn Linden dollars by working at a job. That unreal money has a real life value.  About two hundred fifty Linden dollars are worth one American dollar.
Second Life is popular among schools and businesses.Many universities have set up campuses on the Web site.  Many kinds of stores can also be found there.  And, entertainers sometimes perform live on Second Life with their Second Life avatars.
____70____It is said that the total number of residents is more than thirteen million from more than one hundred countries.
67-70 BCDF

（四）翻译
1. 要过两个多月后我们才会放寒假。(before)
2. 由于缺乏专业设备，他们第一次登顶的企图失败了。(lack)
3. 在过去的几年里，全世界的自然灾害似乎发生的更频繁了。(occur)
4. 信息技术的发展日新月异，现在偏远山区的村民都可以在网上购物了。(So)
1. It will be over two months before we have winter holiday.
2. For lack of professional devices/facilities, their first attempt to reach the top/peak failed.
3. In the past few years, it seems that natural disasters have occurred more frequently across the world.
4. So quickly does the information technology change that villagers in the remote mountain area can do online shopping.

（五）作文

2015年上海高考
Directions: Write an English composition in 120–150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
学校即将举办“读书节”，目前正广泛征集“读书节”宣传册图片。假设你是该校学生潘阳，你已找到以下三幅图片，决定给读书节组委会写一封信，推荐其中一幅，你的信须包括以下内容：
1. 简单描述你想推荐的那幅图片；
2. 阐述你用这幅图片宣传“读书节”的理由。
范文1
Word came that a Reading Festival would be held by our school and there is a need for a picture for advertisement, so I am writing to recommend a picture for the advertising booklet of the festival.
As is vividly depicted in that picture, around the table sit three kids with a couple of books in their hands, having a heated discussion about the contents and sharing their thoughts for the themes, which shows their dedication and passion for reading.
Basically, several reasons can account for my preference. First and foremost, there is no doubt that nothing is more attractive than a proper and realistic picture. Not only does this picture serve as an epitome（缩影） of our daily reading scene in the school but also it is apt to let students recall the joy and harvest while reading. In addition, what this picture stands for is the fun of sharing and exchanging ideas. With regard to reading, there is a saying that there are a thousand Hamlets in a thousand people's eyes. After reading, bits and pieces of thoughts will appear in our mind, so it is beneficial to have a better understanding after comparing notes about what we have read.
From what is mentioned above, I, undoubtedly, select this picture, hoping that my proposal will add a brilliant touch to the festival. Thus, I would appreciate it if you could take my proposal into consideration and I wish this festival a complete success.

范文2
Hearing that a Reading Festival would be held by our school and there is a need for a picture for publicity, I’m writing to recommend a picture for the advertising booklet of the festival.
It’s a vivid cartoon picture with some books piled up at the bottom. On the top of the bunch of books lies a cup of tea, with tea still pouring into it from the up-side-down bottle while in the sky, there are open books and music tones flying freely.
To be honest, I was deeply attracted by this picture the exact moment it appeared in my sight. The tones are dancing in the air, symbolizing all the joy and excitement you gain form reading. The open books are flying, as if it can take you to thousands miles away and get a look at all the magnificent views around the world. And finally, the whole picture is filled with artist’s wild imagination, which inspires the readers to read more, imagine more and create more.
That’s exactly why this picture caught my eye. And I hope that it will do the same to you, and all the participants in the Reading Festival.
范文3
Recently, having been delighted to see the notice that there is a need of our reading festival to make a choice among three creative pictures for advertisement. After a long time comparison, the picture on the bottom right corner earns my favor.
As is clearly depicted in the picture, there sits a foreigner in front of the library who is concentrating on the books, immersing himself into the world of literature and feeling peaceful and satisfied, which turns out to be thought-provoking and enlightening.
Part of the reasons for my choice is that it vividly reveals the significance of reading b to students, which provides you with the power to escape from the hustle and bustle in metropolis. For instance, whenever you feel puzzled, confused or stressed, you can always to books and consequently find peace and satisfactory solutions in them.
I'd, however, perfectly appreciate your considering ray selection if you feel that choice reason are in lined with your requirements and best wishes for your reading festival.



复旦附中高三月考
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
1. 我一得到你的医学报告就会立刻告诉你结果的。（inform）
I will inform you of the result (immediately) as soon as / the moment I get the medical report.
2. 只有得到了老师的一次次表扬后她才对自己更充满自信。(Only)
Only after she was praised by the teacher again and again did she have more confidence in herself.
3. 没有他的镇静和勇敢，一个九岁的男孩不可能在地震中虎口脱险的。(narrowly)
Without his calmness and bravery, it could (be/ have been) impossible for a nine-year-old boy to narrowly escape from death in the earthquake. / … couldn’t have escaped narrowly from death.
4. 精明的生意人同别人讨价还价时，脸上不动声色。所以他们对价格是否满意令人无从得知。(show)
When smart /clever dealers / businessmen bargain with others, they show no facial expression, so it’s hard to tell whether they are satisfied with the price.