第2讲 倒装句 -2022年高考英语语法复习难点之特殊句式巧学巧练（通用版）

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“高考英语精品课程” 特殊句式
第二讲： 倒装句
兴趣导入：
英语倒装也是特殊句式中一种重点句式，也是难点句式。分为部分倒装和完全倒装。在写作句式中也是一种高端句式。
考点归纳：
考点1．部分倒装：需要借助助动词来倒装：
其结构是“强调成分+助动词+主谓结构”
(1)当否定词或带有否定意义的词或短语位于句首时，常用部分倒装。这类词或短语有：little，few，never，seldom，rarely，by no means，not only，not until，at no time，under/in no circumstances，in no case，in no way，no sooner，hardly，scarcely等。
◆We laugh at jokes，but seldom do we think about how they work.　我们听到笑话时会笑，但是却很少去考虑它们是如何让我们开怀大笑的。
◆(福建高考)Not until he went through real hardship did he realize the love we have for our families is important.
直到他经历了真正的困难，他才意识到我们对家人的爱的重要性。
(2)当only修饰的副词、介词短语或状语从句位于句首时，用部分倒装。
◆(湖南高考单项填空)Only when you can find peace in your heart will you keep good relationships with others.
只有当你找到内心的平静时，你才能与他人保持良好的关系。
(3)so/neither/nor置于句首时，用部分倒装。
①“so＋be/助动词/情态动词＋主语”表示前面所说的肯定情况也适合于另一人或物，意为“…也是如此”。
◆—I’ve got an enormous amount of work to do.
——我有大量的作业要做。
—So have I.
——我也如此。
②“neither/nor＋be/助动词/情态动词＋主语”表示前面否定的内容也适用于另一人或物，意为“……也不这样”。
◆This is not my story，nor is it the whole story.My story plays out differently.
这并不是(关于)我的故事，它也不是故事的全部。我的故事的结局是不同的。
(4)在so/such…that…结构中，当“so＋形容词/副词”或“such＋名词”位于句首时，用部分倒装。
◆So suddenly did he catch the disease that the whole family were at a great loss.
他突然患病，全家人全然不知所措。
（5） 虚拟语气中，省略if,需要部分倒装。
Were I you, I would stay at home.
Had I followed your advice,I couldn’t have finished the task in advance.

考点2．完全倒装：不借助助动词倒装
其结构是“副词/介词短语+谓语+主语”
(1)表示时间、地点和动作转移的副词，如here，there，now，then，up，down，in，away，out等置于句首时，且主语是名词，谓语动词是不及物动词，句子需用完全倒装。此时，句子多用一般现在时或一般过去时。
◆The moment the bell rang，out rushed the children.
铃一响，孩子们冲了出去。
(2)当地点状语位于句首时，且主语是名词，谓语动词是不及物动词，为了避免头重脚轻，句子需进行完全倒装。
◆Next door to ours live a foreign couple，who seem to have settled into life in China.
我们隔壁住着一对外国夫妇，他们看起来已经习惯了中国的生活。
(3)表语（介词短语，分词，形容词）置于句首，保持句子平衡，为了强调，或上下文衔接需要倒装。
◆Present at the meeting were experts from European.
Gone are the days when my heart was young and gay.
拓展：常见there be 句型
There be 句型表示“存在”概念，属于倒装句，there是引导词，在句中不作任何成分。be动词要和后面所跟名词保持人称和数的一致，遵循“就近一致”原则。
(1)There be/stand(s)/lie(s)…有……
(2)There is no possibility/chance that…没有可能性……
(3)There is no sense in/of doing sth.做……没有意义
(4)There seem(s) to be…看起来似乎……
(5)There is no need to do sth.做某事没有必要
(6)There is evidence that...有证据证明...
(7)there is no doubt that...毫无疑问...
(8)There is no denying that...无可否认...
(9) there is something wrong with... ...有毛病
（10）There was a time when... 从前曾经有一个时候
（11）There seems to be .... ....好像有
（12）There used to be ... 过去常常有...
◆The Public Square is an eye­catching sight of the city.There________( stand） many stone sculptures of famous historical figures.　大众广场是这个城市引人注目的景点，许多历史名人的石雕像矗立在那里。
注意：There be 句型与非谓语连用
（1）there be 句型中谓语之外出现多个动词应考虑使用非谓语。主语与动词是主动关系时, 动词用现在分词形式；是被动关系时，动词用过去分词形式。
（2）there be后接不定式时常用主动形式表示被动意义；当该句型主语是something, anything, nothing等不定代词时，后面的不定式用主动形式或被动形式，意义各不同。
例1：There is a knife and two lying in his pocket. 他的口袋里有一把小刀和两支钢笔。
例2：There is a purse lying on the ground. 地上有一个钱包。
例3：There are five minutes left now. 现在还有5分钟。
例4：There is nothing to do at present. 没有事可做。
例5：There is nothing to be done at present. 没有办法 (束手无策)。
【即时训练】在空白处填括号内单词的正确形式。
1. Although there were lots of difficulties __________(overcome), she never let her problems defeat her.
2. He said it was impossible for there __________(be) a mistake in a computer’s calculation, so you can rely on that.
3. There is no doubt __________ it is unwise to depend completely on the ratings in consumption.
4. Once he starts talking about Chinese or foreign affairs, ancient or modern, there is no __________(stop) him.
【答案与解析】
1.to overcome。本句中There be…句型后边需要非谓语动词，同时该动作尚未发生，又可以找到其逻辑主语she，因此应用主动形式。故答案是to overcome。
2. to be。这是“It is+ adj.+ for +there+ to be…”句型，该句意为：他说电脑计算不可能存在错误，因此你可以相信这一点。故答案是to be。
3. that。There is no doubt that….是固定句型，表示“毫无疑问……”，that引导同位语从句。故答案是that。
4. stopping。There is no doing…也是特殊There be…句式，动名词短语作主语，语气较强。故答案是stopping。

考点3．形式倒装：不需要主谓倒装
1） What, how开头的感叹句，表语和宾语提前，需要倒装。
其结构是“感叹词+表语/宾语+主语+谓语”
◆What a good time we have had today!
How cold the day is !
2） As,though 引导的让步状语从句需要倒装。
其结构是“副词/形容词/名词/动词/分词+as或though+主语+谓语”
◆Young man as/though he is, he acts like an old man.
Try as/though he was, he continued his work.
总结：
在as/though引导的让步状语从句中，当从句的表语/状语/动词位于句首时，用部分倒装。如果位于句首的是单数可数名词，其前不加冠词。
◆Hard as they tried，they couldn’t make her change her mind.
尽管他们尽力了，但他们还是没能让她改变主意。

巩固练习
．（2021·吴江汾湖高级中学高一月考）He has made great progress recently, and so ________ you.（用适当的词填空）
【答案】have
【详解】
考查助动词。句意：他最近进步很大，你也一样。当要表示前面提出的某一肯定的情况也同样适合于后者，通常就要用“so+助动词+主语”这种倒装结构。根据主句中的has和后句的主语you可知，用助动词have。根据句意，故填have。
2．（2021·全国高一期末）On the wall________ (hang)some pictures by Picasso. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】hang
【详解】
考查倒装和时态。句意：墙上挂了一些毕加索的画。当把表示地点的介词短语置于句首时。句子要用全部倒装。本句中on the wall为地点置于句首，所以此句为倒装句，表示客观事实，所以时态用一般现在时。主语为some pictures，谓语动词与主语保持一致，因此也用复数形式，故填hang。
3．（2021·江苏扬州市·扬州中学高一月考）______ is language a more serious issue than in Hawaii. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】Nowhere
【详解】
考查倒装句型。句意：没有比夏威夷更严重的语言问题了。根据句意可知，应填nowhere，放句首时，首字母大写，后面使用倒装句型。故填Nowhere。
4．（2021·江苏扬州市·高一期末）As the human population continues to grow, ________ does the effect we have on animals.（用适当的词填空）
【答案】so
【详解】
考查部分倒装。句意：随着人类人口的继续增长，我们对动物的影响也是如此。分析句子可知，此处指前者所说的肯定情况也适合于后者，应用so+be/情态动词/助动词+ 主语。故填so。
5．（2021·全国高一）Only then __________ I understand what she meant. （用适当的单词填空）
【答案】did
【详解】
考查倒装及时态。句意：直到那时我才明白她的意思。only+状语位于句首，后部分倒装，把助动词提前。根据从句时态可知，用一般过去时。故填did。
6．（2021·全国高一）___________ violent was the typhoon which hit the area that supplies of water and electricity were cut off. （用适当的词填空）
【答案】So
【详解】
考查固定短语。句意：袭击该地的台风如此的猛烈以至于水电供应被切断了。根据句意可知，此处是固定短语so…that…“如此......以至于......”，将so+ adj置于句首时，主句需部分倒装；本句中的“so violent was the typhoon…that…”为部分倒装，符合so…that…置句首时的倒装要求。故填So。
7．（2021·全国高一）Not only ______（do）the sun give us light，but（also）it gives us heat. (所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】does
【详解】
考查时态和主谓一致。句意：太阳不仅给我们光，还给我们热。结合语境和下文的gives，可知本句陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时；not only置于句首时，所在句子要进行部分倒装，即把“情态动词/be/助动词”置于主语之前，本句主语the sun是第三人称单数，谓语动词为give，对应的助动词应是does。故填does。
8．（2021·全国高一）Only if we deal with and overcome large numbers of difficulties in a correct way, ______ we achieve our dream.(用适当单词填空)
【答案】will/can
【详解】
考查部分倒装。句意：只有正确地处理和克服大量困难，我们才能实现我们的梦想。 if we deal with and overcome large numbers of difficulties in a correct way是条件状语从句，从句一般现在时，主句一般将来时，“主将从现”，主句应为we will/can achieve our dream，only +状语从句，主谓部分到装，把will/can提前。故填will/can。
9．（2021·全国高一）Only by communicating with each other more frequently ________ they clear away the misunderstandings and solve the conflict.
【答案】can
【详解】
考查部分倒装。“only＋状语”位于句首，主句要部分倒装。句意：只有通过经常沟通，他们才能清除误会，解决问题。结合语意可知答案是can。
10.Never before ____________ seen anybody who can play tennis as well as Robert.
A. had she B. she had
C. has she D. she has
【答案】C
【解析】
考查倒装。句意：在那以前，她从来没有看到一个人可能和Robert一样打乒乓球打得那么好。否定词never放在句首，主句要部分倒装，B、D排除，又因为是过去的情况对现在造成的影响，所以为现在完成时，是第三人称所以用has，所以用现在完成时，排除A，故选C。
11．（2021·广州市禺山高级中学高二月考）—Here________ someone ________. Let's see who it is.
—It might be John according to the figure, but I'm not sure.
A．is coming; running B．comes; running
C．comes; is running D．is coming; is running
【答案】B
【详解】
考查完全倒装、时态和非谓语动词。句意：——有人跑来了。让我们看看是谁。——从体形上看可能是约翰，但我不确定。分析句子结构可知，here位于句首，主语是不定代词someone，句子用完全倒装结构。第一个空是句子的谓语，且完全倒装结构中不用进行时，常用一般现在时，结合主语，所以第一个空用comes；此句已有谓语，第二个空应用非谓语动词，根据句意此空是伴随状语，且someone和run之间是主动关系，所以此空用现在分词running，故选B。
12．（2021·江苏盐城市·高二期中）I am glad to find that on top of the mountain __________ from the time of the Roman Empire.
A．lies ancient ruins B．lie ancient ruins C．does ancient ruins lie D．do ancient ruins lie
【答案】B
【详解】
考查倒装句。句意：我很高兴地发现山顶上有罗马帝国时代的遗迹。分析句子可知，that引导的宾语从句中介词短语开头，空格处需要完全倒装语序，不用半倒装句式，故排除CD两项，从句中主语ruins是复数名词，谓语动词用复数，即原形。故选B项。
13．（2021·陕西西安市·西安中学高二期末）At the meeting place of the Yangtze River and Jialing River ________, one of the ten largest cities in China.
A．lies Chongqing B．Chongqing lies
C．does lie Chongqing D．does Chongqing lie
【答案】A
【详解】
考查倒装句。句意：重庆，中国十大城市之一，位于长江嘉陵江交汇之处。表示方位的地点状语提前，句子要完全倒装，At the meeting place of the Yangtze River and Jialng River是表示方位的介词短语，lie是谓语动词，置于主语前，无需加助动词。故选A。
14．（2021·长春市第二十九中学高二期中）Under no circumstances________ I met so many problems.
A．I would expect B．expected I
C．had I expected D．I had expected
【答案】C
【详解】
考查倒装句。句意：我万万没有想到我会遇到这么多问题。under no circumstances意为“绝不”，表示否定，放在句首，句子要用部分到装，met这一动作发生在过去，expect发生在它之前，所以要用过去完成时，部分倒装时将助动词had置于主语之前。故选C项。
15．（2021·天津耀华中学高二期中）The headmaster will not permit the change in the course, nor________ it a thought.
A．does he give B．will he give C．he gives D．he will give
【答案】B
【详解】
考查一般将来时和部分倒装。句意：校长不会允许改变课程，也不会考虑这一点。nor意为“也不”，为否定词，放在句首时句子应用部分倒装。根据“The headmaster will not permit the change in the course”可知，此处应用一般将来时。故选B。
16．（2021·唐山市第十一中学高二月考）---I can’t stand people killing so many endangered animals for money.
---________ I think we should protect them instead.
A．So can I. B．Neither I can. C．So I can. D．Neither can I.
【答案】D
【详解】
考查倒装句。句意：——我无法忍受人们为了钱杀死那么多濒临灭绝的动物。——我也不能忍受。我认为我们应该保护它们。So+be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语，意为“……也是如此”，Neither/nor+be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语，意为“……也不这样”，由此可知，so和neither后面的句子使用部分倒装，排除B项和C项；结合“I can’t stand”和“I think we should protect them instead.”可知，这里表示“我也不能忍受”。故选D。
17．（2021·甘肃兰州市·兰州一中高二月考）Under no circumstances________ in such a meaningless discussion.
A．he participated B．he did participate
C．did he participate D．participated he
【答案】C
【详解】
考查倒装句。句意：他决不参加这样一场毫无意义的讨论。Under no circumstances位于句首，要采用部分倒装，助动词要提前到主语he之前。故选C项。
18．（2021·广东广州市·执信中学高二月考）The organization broke no rules, but ________ had it acted responsibly.
A．neither B．so C．either D．both
【答案】A
【详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：该组织没有违反任何规则，但其行为也不负责任地。A. neither也不；B. so如此；C. either也；D. both两者都。根据had it acted responsibly.可知后半句倒装句。neither为否定词，谓语句首，后面的句子发生部分倒装。使用so的前提是前面句子必须是肯定句。故选A。
19．（2021·广东高二期末）Not until midnight when____________ all done____________ to bed exhausted.
A．was the work; did she go B．the work was; did she go
C．was the work; that she went D．the work was; that she went
【答案】B
【详解】
考查倒装和时态。句意：直到午夜，一切工作都做完了，她才筋疲力尽地上床睡觉。Not until位于句首时，主句要用部分倒装结构。其结构为：Not until+从句/表时间的词+助动词+(主句)主语+谓语+…。句中midnight 为表时间的词，后接由关系副词when引导的定语从句，从句部分不倒装。根据句中时间状语midnight可知，用一般过去时，所以主句部分用助动词did构成部分倒装。故选B。
20．（2021·广东高二期末）—____________ that he didn’t dare to move an inch.
—So____________, and so ____________ you, were you in the dark.
A．So frightened was he; was he; would B．He was so frightened; he was; were
C．So frightened was he; he was; would D．So frightened he was; was he; were
【答案】C
【详解】
考查部分倒装和固定句型。句意：——他吓得一步也不敢动。——他是这样，如果你在黑暗中，你也会这样。第一空，在so… that…句式中，如果so位于句首，主句中的主语和谓语需部分倒装，即将助动词/情态动词/be动词提到主语之前，其他语序不变，故排除B、D选项；第二空，句型“so+主语+助动词/情态动词/be动词”表示同意上文或对方刚说的话，意为“确实就是……”；第三空为句型“so+助动词/情态动词/be动词+主语”，表示前面所陈述的情况也适用于另外一人，意为“……也一样”。故选C。

倒装句专练
用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空或单句改错。
1．In a lecture hall of a university in England ____________(sit) a professor yesterday.
2．____________ seems to be an intense competition among students to enter a key university.
3．At the top of the hill ____________(lie) an old cottage which has a wonderful view of the whole city.
4．So touching ____________ the song sound that I couldn’t hold my tears back when I heard it for the first time.
5．So clearly ____________ he speak English that he can always make himself understood.
6．(全国卷Ⅱ)They are three lessons in the morning and two in the afternoon. ____________________
7．On top of the hill ____________(stand) a temple，which dates back to the ages of the Song Dynasty.
8．As the proverb says，“Where there has a will，there’s a way.”____________________
9. There (remain) a certain doubt among the people as to the practical value of the project.
10. __________(be) there no air, there would be no life on the earth.
11. --Is everyone here?
--Not yet. …Look, there comes the rest of our guests!
12. He said, “It is a long way to school. It is a long way to go yet before we arrive.”
13. Of the making of good books there is no end; neither is it any end to their influence on man’s lives.
14. It is no need for us to discuss the problem again since it has already been settled.
15. There is no point argue with him, since he has already made up his mind.
16.Nervous although I was, I explained the reasons why I dreamed of being grade president.
【答案】
1. sat
2.there
3. lies
4. was
5. did
6. they改为there
7. stands
8.has改为is
9. remains
10. Were
11.comes改为come
12. 第二个It改为There
13. it改为there
14. It改为There
15. argue改为arguing
16.although→though/as
【解析】
考查倒装句。句意：虽然我很紧张，但我解释了我为什么梦想成为年级主席的原因。本句为倒装句，although不能引导倒装句。故although改成though/as。

拓展练习
II.语篇填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
On our way to the house， 61 hard was it raining that we couldn't help wondering how long it would take 62 （get）there. It was in the middle of Pearl City.
We were first greeted with the barking by a pack 63 dogs，seven to be exact. They were well trained by their masters 64 had great experience with caring for these animals. Our hosts shared many of their experiences and 65 （recommend）wonderful places to eat，shop，and visit. For breakfast，we were able to eat papaya（木瓜）and other fruits from their trees in the backyard.
When they were free from work，they invited us to local events and let us know of an interesting 66 （compete）to watch，together with the story behind it. They also shared with us many 67 （tradition）stories about Hawaii that were 68 （huge）popular with tourists. On the last day of our week-long stay，we 69 （invite）to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars， 70 （listen）to musicians and meeting interesting locals.
答案：
61, so 62, to get 63, of 64, who 65, recommended
66, competition 67, traditional 68, hugely 69, were invited 70, listening

短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：
1．每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2．只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。

（2021·东北三校二模·短文改错）
Last year, I ran for our school's senior three grade president. On the day of the election, I had to give a speech in the front of the entire grade but I talked about why I would make a good president. When it was my turns to speak, I stood on the stage with butterflies in my stomach and my hands got sweat. Nervous although I was, I explained the reasons why I dreamed being grade president. I also talked about the ways I plan to accomplish my goals. Unfortunately, I brought their speech to a nice conclusion. The audience gave me a round of applause and chose me to be grade president. It was one of the most encouraged experiences of my life.
【答案】
1.去掉the
2.but →and
3.turns→turn
4.sweat→sweaty
5.although→though/as
6.dreamed后加of/about
7.plan→planned
8.Unfortunately→Fortunately
9.their→my
10.encouraged→encouraging
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。短文叙述了作者去年竞选学校高三年级的学年主席的经历。
第一处。考查冠词。句意：在选举那天，我要在全班面前发表演讲，谈论我为什么会成为一个好的学年主席。in front of 在.......的前面(物体外部)，in the front of 在...的前面(物体内部)。再结合句意。故去掉the。
第二处。考查连词。句意：在选举那天，我要在全班面前发表演讲，谈论我为什么会成为一个好的学年主席。根据句意，前后为并列关系。故but改成and。
第三处。考查固定短语。句意：轮到我发言的时候，我站在舞台上，心里七上八下，手上都是汗。it is one’s turn to do sth“轮到某人做某事”为固定短语。故turns改成turn。
第四处。考查形容词。句意：轮到我发言的时候，我站在舞台上，心里七上八下，手上都是汗。本句中的get为半系动词，后接形容词作表语。故sweat改成sweaty。
第五处。考查倒装句。句意：虽然我很紧张，但我解释了我为什么梦想成为年级主席的原因。本句为倒装句，although不能引导倒装句。故although改成though/as。
第六处。考查介词。句意：虽然我很紧张，但我解释了我为什么梦想成为年级主席的原因。dream of/about为固定短语。 故dreamed后加of/about。
第七处。考查时态。句意：我也谈到了我计划如何实现我的目标。整个短文都在叙述过去的事情，所以本句为一般过去时。故plan改成planned。
第八处。考查副词。句意：幸运的是，我给我的演讲画上了一个圆满的句号。根据句意“我给我的演讲画上了一个圆满的句号”，所以这是很幸运地。置于句首，首字母大写。故Unfortunately改成Fortunately。
第九处。考查代词。句意：幸运的是，我给我的演讲画上了一个圆满的句号。主语为I，表示我给我的演讲画上了一个圆满的句号。故their改成my。
第十处。考查形容词。句意：这是我一生中最鼓舞人心的经历之一。ing结尾的形容词修饰物，表示“令人……” ,本句修饰experiences。故encouraged改成encouraging。