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第3讲 省略句 -2022年高考英语语法复习难点之特殊句式巧学巧练(通用版)
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“高考英语精品课程” 特殊句式
第三讲:省略句
兴趣导入:
高考英语省略号也是特殊句式中一种重点句式,也是难点句式。历年常考状语从句的省略。在写作句式中也是一种高端句式。
考点归纳:
考点1:状语从句的省略(重点)
在when, while, whenever, before, after,till, if, unless, as if, though, than, as等引导时间状语从句,条件状语从句和让步状语从句中,若谓语部分含有be动词,而从句主语又与主句主语相同或从句主语是it时,从句的主语和be动词常被省略。
(1) 状语从句含有it is或者主从句主语一致且含有be动词时,省略主语和be动词。
(2) 从属连词接现在分词强调与句子主语之间的主动关系,用过去分词强调二者之间被动关系。
例1:If (it is) necessary, you’d better refer to the dictionary. 如果有必要,你最好查字典。
例2:While (I was) walking along the street, I heard my name called. 走在大街上我听到有人叫我名字。
例3:The activity is more interesting than (it was) expected. 这个活动比预计的有趣很多。
[注意] 特殊的省略结构:if省略结构,常作为插入语来处理。
if so 如果这样的话; if not 若非如此 ; if ever 如果曾经有的话
if necessary 如果有必要的话; if possible 如果可能的话; if any 如果有的话
If possible,let me know beforehand. 如有可能,事先通知我。
(4)Get up early tomorrow, if not (you don't get up early), you will miss the first train.
明天早点起床,如果不的话,你将会错过头班车。
(5)Whenever (it is) possible, he will come to my help.
他会在任何可能的时候来帮助我。
【活学活用】
在空白处填入1个适当的单词。
1. No child shall be, unless ______________ (accompany) by an adult, allowed out of the school during the day.
2. Anyone, once __________(test) positive for novel corona-virus, will receive free medical treatment from our government.
3. While __________(do) my homework at home, I heard my name called.
【答案与解析】
1. accompanied。动词accompany与句子主语构成逻辑上被动关系,故用过去分词。故答案是accompanied。
2. tested。动词test与句子主语构成逻辑上被动关系,故用过去分词。故答案是tested。
3.doing。动词do与句子主语构成逻辑上主动关系,故用现在分词。故答案是doing。
考点2:定语从句中的省略
(1)在定语从句中,当先行词在句中作宾语时,可省略关系代词that/which/whom。
例1:This is the dictionary (that/which) I’m looking for. 这是我在寻找的那本字典。
例2:The boy (who/whom) you are talking with is my eider brother. 和你谈话的那个男孩是我的哥哥。
(2)定语从句先行词是the way并在从句充当方式状语时,定语从句用in which 或that引导,其中that可以省略。
例3:I appreciate the way (that) she spoke to me. 我喜欢她给我说话的方式。
【活学活用】
在空白处填1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1. Among the many dangers what sailors have to face, probably the greatest of all is fog.
2. What surprised me was not what he said but the way which he said it.
【答案与解析】
1. 去掉what或者what改为that/which。本句中定语从句谓语动词face缺少宾语,关系代词作宾语由可以省略,故答案是去掉what或者what改为that/which。
2. 去掉which或者which改为that。本句中the way是定语从句先行词,并作从句的方式状语,故答案是去掉which或者which改为that。
考点3:宾语从句中的省略
(1)一个句子含有两个宾语从句时,第一个that可以省略,第二个不能省略。
例1:I think (that) he needs some help and that we should help him. 我认为他需要帮助,我们应该帮助他。
(2)省略了一个宾语从句或从句的一部分,用so或not代替。
例2:—Is he coming back tonight? 今天晚上他要回来吗?
—I think so. 我认为是这样的。
例3:—Is he feeling better today? 今天他觉得好点了吗?
—I’m afraid not. 恐怕没有。
【即时训练】在空白处填1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1. —Do you think it’s going to rain over the weekend?
—I don’t believe _______.
2. —Do you think we’ll tell him the bad news?
— Of course, I hope ______.
【答案与解析】
1. so。这里so替代上文宾语从句it’s going to rain over the weekend。故答案是so。
2. not。这里I hope not表示“我不希望你告诉他这个坏消息”。故答案是not。
考点4:动词不定式的省略
(1)感官动词和使役动词接不定式作宾补时省略to;下列句型常省略不定式符号to:may as well do sth; had better do, do nothing but do sth; can’t help but do sth. Why not sth? prefer to do…rather than do sth, would rather do…than do…等。
例1:We saw a pretty girl pass by just now. 刚才我们看见一个漂亮的女孩经过。
例2:Why not join us in playing basketball? 为什么不和我们一块打篮球呢?
【即时训练】单句改错。
1. The librarian will let you to know when the book has been returned.
2. I lost my keys in the office so I could do nothing but to wait for my mother.
3. They had no choice but sleep in the open air.
【答案与解析】
1. 去掉to。let sb do sth表示“让某人做事”,故答案是去掉to。
2. 去掉to。do nothing but do是固定句型,表示“不得不做某事”,故答案是去掉to。
3. sleep前加to。have no choice but to do sth是固定句型,表示“不得不做某事”。故答案是sleep前加to。
(2)在特定上下文中,为了避免重复,不定式可以省略但通常保留不定式符号to。
例:I didn’t want to go there, but I had to. 我不想去那里,但又不得不去。
【即时训练】单句改错。
1. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him not to do.
2.—Will Mr Brown come, too?
—Yes. He promised, but he hasn’t turned up yet.
【答案与解析】
1. 去掉do。在特定上下文中,为了避免重复,有时不定式可以省略,但通常保留不定式符号to。故答案是去掉do。
2. promised后加to。结合语境答语意思是:是的,他答应要来,但是还没有出现呢。故答案是promised后加to。
(3)省略不定式符号to的情况。
a.当主语部分含有动词do的某种形式时,作表语的不定式可省略to。
The only thing you have to do is open the door.你唯一要做的事情打开门。
b.不定式作介词but(除了), except的宾语,前面有实义动词do的某种形式时,不定式常省略to。
I can do nothing but wait here.我除了在这里等无事可做。
c.当两个或两个以上的不定式并列时,后面的不定式符号to可省略,但表示对比关系时则不能省略。
I'm really puzzled what to think of and express.我真的不知道想什么和表达什么。
It is easier to make a plan than to carry it out.制订计划比执行计划容易。
[名师点睛] 省略句中to的遗漏
【误】She was reading in bed, and her mother told her not.
【正】She was reading in bed, and her mother told her not to.
[分析] 动词不定式在like, love, care, want, hope, wish, expect, prefer, refuse, decide, mean, intend, try, promise等动词后作宾语时,为了避免重复,常常省略不定式后的内容,但要保留不定式符号to。
d.在see, watch, hear, feel, observe, notice, look at, listen to等感官动词及使役动词let, make, have后作宾语补足语的不定式不加to,但当宾语补足语变为主语补足语时,不定式要加上to。
She saw him walk into the house.她看到他走进了那座房子。
He was seen to walk into the house.有人看到他走进了那座房子。
He had two boys wash his car.他让两个男孩给他洗车。
e.you'd better/why not后跟不带to的不定式。
Why not try it again?为什么不再试试?
注意:do what we can to do... 全力以赴去做...
考点5:介词的省略
(1)both 后常跟of短语,其后可以接名词复数形式,也可以接代词宾格复数形式。
接复数名词时,介词of可以省略,但接代词宾格时,of不能省略。
Both (of) the films were interesting. 这两部电影都很有趣。
She invited both of us to her birthday party. 她邀请我们俩去参加她的生日派对。
(2)在现在完成时表持续和重复的句型中,一段时间前的介词for可以省略。
(3)和一些动词搭配构成的短语中的介词
consider... (as)..., spend/waste…(in) doing花费、浪费时间做某事;be busy/occupied (in) doing 忙于做某事;prevent/stop …(from) doing阻止某人做某事;have a hard time (in) doing做某事有困难;have trouble (in) doing做某事有困难;There is no points/sense (in) doing做……没有用;have fun (in) doing做……开心。(4)his, that, next, last后接时间名词时,前边省略介词。
Trees can prevent the earth (from) being washed away. 树能阻止泥土被冲走。
I have difficulty (in) finding his house.
例1:She is occupied looking after her sick grandma. 她忙于照料她生病的奶奶。
例2:The police have been trying to prevent them carrying weapons. 警方一直都设法阻止他们携带武器。
【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空或单句改错。
1. Having been ill in bed for nearly a month, he had a hard time________(pass) the exam.
2. According to a recent survey, children spent up to 25 hours a week ______(watch) TV.
3. You can’t imagine what a hard time she had __________(raise) the four children.
4. In fact, they are planning to visit China in next year.
【答案与解析】
1. passing。have a hard time (in) doing做某事有困难,介词in可以省略。故答案是passing。
2. watching。spend…(in) doing花费时间做某事,介词in可以省略。故答案是watching。
3. raising。have a hard time (in) doing做某事有困难,介词in可以省略。故答案是raising。
4. 去掉第二个in。this, that, next, last后接时间名词时,前边省略介词。next year直接作时间状语。故答案是去掉第二个in。
考点6:比较句中的省略
以than/as引起的从句中,常会省略主语。因为主语省略了,所以尤其要注意识别哪个词是省略了的主语,进而选择谓语的数、时态和语态。
He is more of a writer than a historian. 他是历史学家,但更可以说是位作家。
He is more brilliant than ever before.他比以往更高明。
考点7:I'm afraid, I think, I believe, I hope, I guess等作答句,后面跟so与not分别相当于肯定或否定,宾语从句可省去。
(1)Do you think it will snow?
—I hope not/that it will not snow.
——你认为会下雪吗?
——我希望不要下。
(2)—Do you believe Jim will come?
—I think so.
——你相信Jim会来吗?
——我想会赢。
巩固练习
1.Though________ to see us, the professor gave us a warm welcome.
A. surprising B. to surprise
C. being surprised D. surprised
【答案】D
【解析】
考查状语从句的省略。句意:教授见到我们虽然很惊讶,但还是热情地欢迎了我们。be surprised to do,对做某事很惊讶,在though引导的让步状语从句中,当从句主语与主句主语一致且含有be的某种形式时,可省略从句的主语和be,本句完整形式为:Though he was surprised to see us,相当于省略了he was,故选D。
2.When ______ different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing many similarities.
A. being compared B. comparing
C. Compared D. having been compared
【答案】B
【解析】
考查状语从句省略。句意:当比较不同的文化的时候,我们通常总注意到它们之间的区别而没有注意到它们之间的相似之处。当从句省略主语的时候,暗指的主语必须和主句的主语一致,“When ” 后没有主语,所以它暗指的主语必须是后面主句的主语,就是“'we”,也就是说从句里的compare 的主语是we,表示“我们在比较”, compare与句子we构成主动关系,使用动词的现在分词,且与主句主语pay attention to同时发生,用一般式。A项是被动式;C项是过去分词,D项是完成被动式,均表示被动。故B项正确。
3.This discovery helped researchers conclude that these two drugs, when ___ together, could lead to heart disease.
A taken B. taking
C. to take D. having taken
【答案】A
【解析】
考查非谓语动词和省略。句意:这一发现帮助研究人员得出结论,当这两种药物同时服用时,可能会导致心脏病。分析句子结构可知,空处省略主语the two drags,此处表示药被服用,所以空处需用一般现在时的被动语态:are taken,此处when引导的时间状语从句,主语与宾语从句主句一致,且含有be动词,所以此处be动词和主语被省略,所以可能从需用过去分词taken,故选A。
4.While ________ (walk) along the street. I heard my name called. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】walking
【详解】
考查状语从句的省略。句意:在街上散步的时候。我听到有人叫我的名字。分析句子可知walk作从句的谓语,由while和语境可知,时态应用过去进行时,所以从句完整句式为:while I was walking along the street;从句主语和主句主语一致,谓语动词含有be动词时,此处可用状语从句的省略形式,省略主语和系动词was,故填walking。
5.Although ________ (tell) to keep quiet in class, the students still kept talking. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】told
【详解】
考查过去分词和省略句。句意:虽然被告知要在课堂上保持安静,学生们仍然在说话。在although引导的状语从句中,从句和主句主语相同,所以省略从句中的主语和be动词。动词tell意为“告诉”,和主语students构成被动关系,所以应用过去分词形式。完整的句子为Although the students were told to keep quiet in class。故填told。
6.I felt worried when ________ (watch) the documentary.(所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】watching
【详解】
考查省略。句意:看这部纪录片的时候我很担心。当从句中的主语和主句中的主语一致时,可以省略从句中的主语和谓语。所以从句省略主语和谓语I was。根据句意,故填watching。
7.When the two lovers, Ling shanbo and Zhu Yingtai, first met, the music is light and pleasant, as if ________ (whisper) to the audience. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】whispering
【详解】
考查状语从句的省略。句意:当梁山伯和祝英台初次见面时,音乐轻快悦耳,仿佛在向观众耳语。分析可知,as if引导的方式状语从句的主语为it(指代上文的music),且表动作正在进行,应用现在进行时is whispering;状语从句中,当主从句主语一致,且从句有be的某种形式时,可以省略从句的主语和be。故填whispering。
8.When first ______ (introduce)to the market, this 5G cell phones became popular at once. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】introduced
【详解】
考查状语从句的省略。句意:当首次进入市场的时候,这款5G手机立刻流行起来 。此处when引导时间状语从句,原句应为when they were first introduced to the market,,主从句主语一致,从句含有be动词的形式,从句省略主语和be动词形式,此句省略了they were,故填introduced。
9.You are allowed 20kgs of baggage unless ________ (indicate) otherwise on your ticket. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】indicated
【详解】
考查状语从句中的省略及过去分词。句意:除非你的机票上另有标示,否则你可以携带20公斤行李。当从句的主语是it,谓语动词中又含有系动词(助动词)be 时,可以把it和be一起省略,此时构成连词(if、unless、when等)+形容词的结构。动词indicate“表明,标示”和主语之间是被动关系,故用其过去分词转化的形容词作状语,前面省略了it is。故填indicated。
10.If ________ (give) more care and attention, the boy would not have gone that far on the wrong path. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】given
【详解】
考查过去分词和省略句。句意:如果多给些关心和注意,这个男孩就不会在错误的道路上走那么远了。在if引导的省略句中,动词give和主语boy构成被动关系,所以应用过去分词作状语。故填given。
11.If ________(take) good care of, these young trees will grow into 10-meter-tall ones in about 8 years. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】taken
【详解】
考查省略句。句意:如果照顾得好,这些小树大约8年就能长成10米高的小树。在if引导的条件状语从句中,当从句主语和主句主语一致且从句含有be的某种形式时,可省略从句的主语和be动词,从句完整形式为“If these young trees are taken good care of”,相当于省略了these young trees are。故填taken。
12. He cleared his throat as if ______ (say) something. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】to say
【详解】
考查非谓语动词和状语从句的省略。句意:他清了清嗓子,像要说什么似的。设空处为as if引导的方式状语从句,从句主语与主句主语一致且从句谓语中包含be动词,故省略了从句主语和be动词,句中表示想要说但还没有说,应用动词不定式表示将来,“be to do”意为“打算做某事”,还原后的句子为“as if he was to say something”。故填to say。
13. I firmly believe that the project, if________ according to the plan, will definitely work out well.
A.carrying out B.being carried out
C.carried out D.to be carried out
【答案】C
【详解】
考查省略句。句意:我坚信这个项目,如果按照计划进行,一定会顺利进行。分析句子结构,that引导的宾语从句中,主句的主语是the project,和if引导的条件状语从句主语一致,状语从句中可省略主语和be动词,宾语从句的主句为一般将来时,if条件句使用一般现在时代替将来时,主语the project和carry out为被动关系,需用被动语态,完整的从句是“if it is carried out according to the plan”,此处省略了it is。故选C。
14. Despite the widely shared desire to give more compliments to a friend who has handles a tense situation at work, when ________ with the decision to actually send the compliments, people still often hesitate to engage in this behavior.
A.facing B.faced C.being faced D.having faced
【答案】B
【详解】
考查省略句。句意:尽管人们普遍希望给一个在工作中处理紧张局势的朋友更多的赞美,但当面临真正发送赞美的决定时,人们仍然经常犹豫是否进行这种行为。在when引导的时间状语从句中,当从句主语和主句主语一致且从句含有be的某种形式时,可省略从句的主语和be,从句完整形式为“when people are faced with the decision to actually send the compliments”,相当于省略了people are。故选B。
15. Daniel has undertaken to keep the secret, so he won’t tell anyone even though ______.
A.asked to keep B.to be asked C.to ask D.asked to
【答案】D
【详解】
考查省略和过去分词。句意:丹尼尔答应保守这个秘密,所以即使问他也不会告诉任何人。此处是even though引导的让步状语从句,从句主语和主句主语都是he,和ask之间是被动关系,相同的主语和be动词可以省略,所以这里是过去分词作状语,且ask sb. to do sth.可以省略与前面相同的部分,只留下动词不定式符号to。故选D。
【点睛】
状语从句主谓成分的省略,须遵循下面原则:
(一)当从句的主语与主句的主语一致时,从句可以省略主语,从句的谓语动词采用其V-ing结构。例如:
Although working very hard, he failed in the final exam. (Although he worked very hard,…)
(二)当从句的主语和主句的主语一致时,若从句的谓语动词是系动词be或包含be的某种形式,此时从句的主语和be动词通常可以一同省略。常见于以下几种形式:
1、连词+形容词
Whenever (she is) free, she often goes shopping.她有空就去逛商店。
2、连词+名词
While (he was) a young boy, he was always ready to help others.他在孩提时代就乐于助人。
3、连词+现在分词
While (she was) walking along the river bank, she was singing a pop song.她沿着河堤边走边唱着流行歌曲。
4连词+过去分词
If (it is) well read, the book will give you much to think.
5连词+不定式
He stood up as if (he were) to say something.当时他站起来好像要说什么。
6、连词+介词短语
She looked anxious as though (she was) in trouble.她看上去很焦急,好像遇到了麻烦。
省略句专练
用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空或单句改错。
1. If ______ (accept) for the job, you’ll be informed soon.
2.. Although________ (beat) by the opposite team, we didn’t lose heart and encouraged each other.
3.—Who should be responsible for the action?
—The boss is to blame. The employees just carried out the order as ________ (tell).
4, When ________ (expose) to danger and conflict, men tend to increase blood pressure, feeling nervous or anxious.
5, The city now is much noisier than it used ________ (be).
6, I may take a long lunch break tomorrow. If ________, I can go to the hairdresser's then.
7. These flowers will die unless ________ (water) every day.
8. Though ________ (warn) of the danger, Jack still went swimming in the lake.
9. Though ________ (lack) in confidence, Tom made every effort and his dream came true at last.
10. He stopped and looked around as if ________ (see) whether he went in the right direction.
11. ________ it not for the support of the teachers, the student could not overcome her difficulty.
12. That's our view on housework. And hopes this can inspire more thinking on the topic!
13. After arrived home, it occurred to him that he could make a bag by using his old trousers.
14. We can't carry on the experiment unless being given enough financial support.
15. She found her lost ring while folded clothes.
16. While walked along the paths, you can hear the sweet songs of bird.
17. When combining with alcohol, some medicine can have extremely dangerous side effects.
答案:
1. accepted 2, beaten 3, told 4, exposed 5, to be 6,so
7. watered 8. warned 9. lacking 10. to see 11.Were
12.【答案】把hopes改为hope
考查省略句。分析题目可知,此处表示(I) hope this can inspire…,故hope应用动词原形形式。故把hopes改为hope。
13,【答案】 arrived改为arriving
【解析】
考查固定句式。句意:到家后,他突然想到,他可以用他的旧裤子做一个袋子。到家是主动地的行为,所以用现在分词。
拓展固定句式:It occurred to sb. that...,意为“某人突然想起......”。故在occurred后加to。
14. 去掉being 15.folded改为folding 16. walked改为walking 17. combining改为combined
15. 拓展练习
II.语篇填空
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Olympic torch relay began its second day on Thursday (Feb 3) at top the Great Wall, with Kong actor Jackie Chan and Chinese Olympic medalists among those taking turns ____41____(carry) the red-and-silver spiral torch along the Badaling section of the Great Wall, ____42____the Thursday morning temperature was -11℃.
The relay for the torch that____43____(open) the Feb 4-20 Winter Games is much more modest than the globe -spanning relay for Beijing’s 2008 Summer Games.
Badaling, the section of the wall most often visited by tourist, is 70km north-west of ____44____(center) Beijing in the Yanqing district, near the Olympics sliding and Alpine skiing venues. It ____45____(build) around AD1500 during the Ming dynasty.
____46____(late) on Thursday, the torch will be taken to Zhangjiakou in neighboring Hebei province, where most of Olympic snow events will take place. The relay will end with the lighting of the Olympic cauldron ____47____Friday’s opening ceremony.
Due to Covid-19,the Games are taking place inside a “closed loop” that keeps____48____(complete) and other Olympic personnel away from ____49____public, and will be attended only by small,_____50_____(select) audience.
【答案】
41. carrying
42. where
43. will open
44. central
45. was built
46. Later
47. at
48. competitors
49. the
50. selected
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了北京冬奥会火炬接力的情况,此次冬季奥运会开幕式火炬传递活动,要比北京2008年夏季奥运会的全球接力活动低调得多。
【41题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意:周四(2月3日),奥运火炬在长城上开始了第二天的传递,香港演员成龙和中国的奥运奖牌获得者轮流沿着长城的八达岭段传递红银相间的螺旋形火炬,周四上午的气温为-11℃。take turns to do sth.“轮流做某事(即将发生的事情)”,take turns doing sth.“轮流做某事(表示事情已经发生,并将持续下去)”;结合语境,此处指轮流做的事情已经发生,并将持续下去,应用take turns doing sth.。故填carrying。
【42题详解】
考查定语从句。句意:周四(2月3日),奥运火炬在长城上开始了第二天的传递,香港演员成龙和中国的奥运奖牌获得者轮流沿着长城的八达岭段传递红银相间的螺旋形火炬,周四上午的气温为-11℃。此处为非限制性定语从句修饰先行词the Badaling section of the Great Wall,先行词在从句中作地点状语,故用关系副词where引导。故填where。
【43题详解】
考查时态。句意:将于2月4日至20日举行的冬季奥运会开幕式火炬传递活动,要比北京2008年夏季奥运会的全球接力活动低调得多。空处为定语从句的谓语动词,此处表示将来的动作,应用一般将来时。故填will open。
【44题详解】
考查形容词。句意:八达岭长城是游客最常去的长城段,位于北京西北部70公里处的延庆区,靠近奥运会滑雪和高山滑雪场馆。修饰名词Beijing应用形容词central,作定语。故填central。
【45题详解】
考查时态语态。句意:它建于明朝的公元1500年左右。主语与谓语构成被动关系,根据后文around AD1500 during the Ming dynasty可知用一般过去时的被动语态,主语为It,谓语用单数。故填was built。
【46题详解】
考查副词。句意:星期四晚些时候,火炬将被送到邻近的河北省张家口,那里是奥运会大部分雪上项目的举办地。表示“星期四晚些时候”应用later on Thursday。句首单词首字母要大写。故填Later。
【47题详解】
考查介词。句意:火炬接力将在周五的开幕式上点燃奥运主火炬后结束。结合句意表示“在周五的开幕式上”应用介词at。故填at。
【48题详解】
考查名词。句意:由于新冠肺炎疫情,奥运会是在一个“闭环”中举行的,将选手和其他奥运工作人员与公众隔开,只会有少数经过挑选的观众参加。作宾语,表示“选手”应用名词competitor,前文没有冠词,应用复数形式。故填competitors。
【49题详解】
考查冠词。句意:由于新冠肺炎疫情,奥运会是在一个“闭环”中举行的,将选手和其他奥运工作人员与公众隔开,只会有少数经过挑选的观众参加。结合句意表示“公众”可知短语为the public。故填the。
【50题详解】
考查形容词。句意:由于新冠肺炎疫情,奥运会是在一个“闭环”中举行的,将选手和其他奥运工作人员与公众隔开,只会有少数经过挑选的观众参加。修饰名词audience应用形容词selected,作定语。故填selected。
短文改错(共10小题;每小题1分,满分10分)
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误,每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧),并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除:把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改:在错的词下划一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意:
1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;
2.只允许修改10处,多者(从第11处起)不计分。
This Monday afternoon we had a class meeting. Our head teacher ask us to talk about our study plans in the coming college entrance examination. It was really a heating discussion. Everybody took an actively part in it. Some students say they will focus more in class instead of being absent-mind now and then. Some say they will be more organized and have much self-control, for time is so limited but pressing. Others say they will keep an eye on past mistake made in their test papers because they can’t afford to repeat them again. As for me, I will do what I can make my dream come true.
【答案】
1. ask→asked
2. in→for
3. heating→heated
4. actively→active
5. absent-mind→absent-minded
6. much→more
7. but→and
8. mistake→mistakes
9.去掉again
10.在make前加to
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章就有关“即将到来的高考的学习计划”的班会进行了描述。
【详解】1. 考查时态。句意:我们的班主任请我们谈谈即将到来的高考的学习计划。结合全文语境,事情已发生,ask时态用一般过去时。故将ask改为asked。
2. 考查介词。句意:我们的班主任请我们谈谈即将到来的高考的学习计划。介词for表对象。故将in改为for。
3. 考查形容词。句意:这真是一场激烈的讨论。形容词heated (激烈的)作定语,修饰名词discussion。故将heating改为heated。
4. 考查形容词。句意:每个人都积极参与其中。形容词active (积极的)作定语,修饰名词part,take an active part in…(积极参与……)。故将actively改为active。
5. 考查形容词。句意:一些学生说,他们会在课堂上更加专注,而不是时不时地心不在焉。系动词be后接形容词absent-minded (心不在焉的)作表语。故将absent-mind改为absent-minded。
6. 考查比较级。句意:有人说他们会更有条理,更有自制力,因为时间是如此有限和紧迫。结合前面比较级more organized可知,存在比较含义,用more self-control (更有自制力),故将much改为more。
7. 考查连词。句意:有人说他们会更有条理,更有自制力,因为时间是如此有限和紧迫。形容词limited和pressing是并列关系,用并列连词and。故将but改为and。
8. 考查名词复数。句意:另一些人说,他们将密切关注过去在试卷中犯下的错误,因为他们负担不起再次犯错误。结合in their test papers可知,是多次考试中的错误,用名词mistake的复数形式。故将mistake改为mistakes。
9. 考查副词。句意:另一些人说,他们将密切关注过去在试卷中犯下的错误,因为他们负担不起再次犯错误。动词repeat本身含有“重复、再次”意义,不与again连用,again多余。故去掉again。
10. 考查动词不定式。句意:至于我,我会尽我所能实现我的梦想。what I can是do的宾语,用make的动词不定式(to do)做目的状语。故在make前加to。
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