第4讲 感叹句和祈使句 -2022年高考英语语法复习难点之特殊句式巧学巧练（通用版）

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“高考英语精品课程”   特殊句式第四讲：感叹句和祈使句兴趣导入：高考英语感叹句和祈使句也是特殊句式中重点句式，也是难点句式。历年常考感叹句在宾语从句中运用。同时祈使句和非谓语动词考点易混淆。感叹句和祈使句也是写作句式中的高端句式。考点归纳：Part1 感叹句感叹句通常用what和how引导，表示喜怒哀乐等强烈情感的句子。同时，感叹句表示说话时的惊讶、喜悦、赞赏和愤怒等情绪。考点1：what 引导的感叹句what是感叹形容词，中心词必须是名词，名词前可以有冠词和形容词修饰，注意感叹句用陈述语序。具体有三种类型：(1)What +a (n)+形容词+可数名词单数+主语+谓语!   What a good heart you have!你的心肠真好！(2)What+形容词+可数名词复数+主语+谓语!What interesting stories he's told us!他给我们讲的故事真有趣！(3)What+形容词+不可数名词+主语+谓语!What great fun we had today!【活学活用】1. _________ beautiful flower! I've never seen it before. 2._________amazing pictures we took on the beach yesterday!3. ______good advice he gave that we should take more exercise in our spare time!4. _______great fun we had yesterday!5. ____________good time we had yesterday!6.____________interesting movie!【答案与解析】1. What a。该句是“What +a (n)+形容词+可数名词单数+主语+谓语!”句式，故答案是What a。2. What。该句是“What+形容词+可数名词复数+主语+谓语!”句式，故答案是What。3. What。该句是“What+形容词+不可数名词+主语+谓语!”句式，故答案是What4. What ，该句是“What+形容词+不可数名词+主语+谓语!”句式，故答案是What5. What a ，该句是“What +a (n)+形容词+可数名词单数+主语+谓语!”句式，故答案是What a。6. What an ,该句是“What +a (n)+形容词+可数名词单数+主语+谓语!”句式，故答案是What an。考点2：how引导的感叹句how是感叹副词，用作状语，修饰形容词、副词或动词，注意感叹句用陈述语序。具体有四种类型。①How+形容词+主语+谓语！  How clever the boy is!这个男孩多么聪明啊！②How+副词+主语+谓语！  How fast she runs! 她跑得太快了！③How +形容词+a(an)+可数名词单数+主语+谓语！  How clever a boy he is! 这个男孩多么聪明啊！④How+主语+谓语！ How I admire you!我好羡慕你！【活学活用】1. _______________time flies!2. ____________I wish to see you again and apologize to you.3. _______ beautifully you sing but _______ badly he dances!4. ________ delicious the dish is! I’d like some more.【答案与解析】1.How，How+主语+谓语！ 2.How，How+主语+谓语！ 3. How, how。两句都是“How+副词+主语+谓语！”句式，故答案是How, how。4.  How。这是“How+形容词+主语+谓语！”句式，故答案是How。考点3：感叹句用于宾语从句感叹句还可以用于宾语从句，引导词不变，语序不变，谓语动词时态与整句保持呼应。You can’t imagine how excited I was when I heard from him.. 你难以想象我收到他的来信是多么激动呀。【活学活用】1.. Parents are taught to understand ______ important education is to their children’s future.  2. The shocking news made me realize _______terrible problems we would face.3. Do you know ________high the building is?【答案与解析】1. how。宾语从句中education是主语，应采用“How+形容词+主语+谓语！”句式，故答案是how。2. what。宾语从句中中心词是problems，应采用“What+形容词+可数名词复数+主语+谓语!”句式，故答案是what。3. how ,应采用“How+形容词+主语+谓语！”句式，故答案是how。Part2 祈使句祈使句表“请求、命令、叮嘱、邀请、劝告”等。基本结构为动词原形开头或let开头。有时为了加强感情色彩或特别指明向谁发出命令或要求时，可以加上you，Mary，girls等作为称呼。Tom，water the flowers today！　汤姆，今天浇花！祈使句常常用来表达命令、请求或者建议。它的主语“you”通常省略，并且谓语动词用原形。祈使句的句尾用感叹号或句号，读的时候用降调。表达请求或劝告时，在祈使句前或句末可加上please，以使句子的语气更加缓和或客气。祈使句一般分为四大类：D型祈使句， B型祈使句，L型祈使句，N型祈使句。考点1：D型祈使句，包括动词do型开头，也包括祈使句的否定式。在祈使句的肯定句式前加Don’t，构成“Don’t+行为动词原形+其他成分”。1.Hurry up！赶快！2.Keep off the grass! 勿踩踏草地！3. Don’t stop! 不要停！【活学活用】1. Please do me a favor—__________(invite) my friend Mr. Smith to Youth Theater at 7:30 tonight.2. Attention! _________(fill) in the form right now, making sure that every detail supplied is accurate.【答案与解析】1. invite。破折号后边是具体内容，应该理解为祈使句，动词原形开头。故答案是invite。2. Fill。后面making sure…部分作伴随状语，因此前边缺少谓语动词，结合语境应用祈使句。故答案是Fill。考点2： Be型祈使句，以Be动词原形开头的句子。Be quiet，please！请安静！Don’t be late! 不要迟到！考点3：N型祈使句，包括Never开头祈使句和No型祈使句。Never开头祈使句语气更强烈。在公共场合的提示语中，否定祈使句常用“No+名词/V-ing形式”结构，表示“禁止做某事”。Never give up!Never speak like that again. 千万别再那样说话。No smoking!不要吸烟！拓展：祈使句构成反意疑问句，后边多用will you或won’t you。陈述部分主句含有否定祈使句，附加问句应该用肯定形式。【活学活用】1. __________ (speak) with your mouth full of food. It is bad manners to do that.   2. Don’t drink when you drive a car, __________ you? 【答案与解析】1.. Don’t speak。结合语境逻辑上是否定意义，又是祈使句，提出建议或警告。故答案是Don’t speak。2. will。祈使句构成反意疑问句，后边多用will you或won’t you。陈述部分主句含有否定祈使句，附加问句应该用肯定形式。故答案是will。考点4：Let型祈使句带有第一人称主语的祈使句通常以Let开头，其结构为：Let+me/us+谓语动词原形或Let’s+谓语（动词原形）+其它。注意：Let us不包括说话者，而Let’s则包括说话者。Let’s …结构构成反意疑问句，附加问句用“shall we?”，其余都用“will you? ”。Let sb do sthDon’t let your parents down.Let us go, will you?Let’s go, shall we?Let’s go out and play basketball. 咱们出去打篮球吧！Don’t let him disturb us while we are having a meeting. 我们开会时别让他打扰我们。【活学活用】1. Let’s take action together to save our earth, _______ we?2. We forgot to bring our tickets, but please let us enter, _________you?【答案与解析】1.. shall。Let’s …构成反意疑问句，附加问句用“shall we?”。故答案是shall。2. will。Let+me/us+谓语动词原形构成反意疑问句，附加问句用“will you? ”。故答案是will。考点5：祈使句+and/or+主句。注意与非谓语动词考点的区别。非谓语动词短语不能与并列连词and，or连用。该句型相当于“if引导的条件状语从句+主句”。and表示顺承关系, or/otherwise表示转折关系。有时该句型中祈使句可以省略为名词词组，意思基本不变。and/or后面用“will +动词原形”。Work hard, and you will make it. 努力学习，你会成功的。Get round to it or you will lose the golden opportunity. 抓紧点时间， 否则你会错过这个难得的机会的。A few more minutes, and the work will be finished. 再有几分钟, 这份工作就完成了。【活学活用】1. Don't be discouraged. ________ (take) things as they are and you will enjoy every day of your life. 2. Start out right away, ________you’ll miss the first train.3.  Another hour ________ we will complete the task sent to us. 4.  ________ (search) the website of the Fire Department in your city, you will learn a lot about firefighting.【答案与解析】1. Take。这是“祈使句+and/or+主句”句型，祈使句用动词原形开头。故答案是Take。2. and。这是“祈使句+and/or+主句”句型，前后句是顺承关系。故答案是and。3. and。这是“祈使句+and/or+主句”句型变式，句首祈使句可以省略动词，变成“名词短语+and/or+主句”，用法不变。故答案是and。4. Searching。两句之间没有and，因此不是“祈使句+and/or+主句”句型。这里现在分词短语作条件状语，相对于If you search…。故答案是Searching。考点6： 从句+祈使句【活学活用】If you're to succeed, __________(devote) to the job after finding the proper way to do it.Whatever it is, ________________(make)sure the lights in the living room are turned off before leaving.be devoted。If you're to succeed是状语从句，后边是主句需要谓语动词；be devoted to sth=devote oneself to sth.。故答案是is。be devoted。make, 从句+祈使句. 巩固练习— English has a large vocabulary, hasn’t it?   —Yes. ____ more words and expressions, and you will find it easier to read and communicate.A. Known B. Knowing C. To know D. Know【答案】D【解析】考查祈使句+and句型。句意：——英语的词汇量很大，不是吗？——是的。掌握更多的词汇和短语，你将会发现阅读和交流变得很容易。祈使句+and+含将来时的句子，该句型表示条件，相当于if条件句，原句可改写为If you know more..., you will find it...，故选D。_____________ basic first-aid techniques will help you respond quickly to emergencies.A. Known B. Having knownC. Knowing D. Being known【答案】C【解析】考查动名词作主语。句意：了解基本的急救知识可以帮助您快速应对紧急情况。分析句子成分，谓语是will help，所以前面的是主语，用动名词做主语，故选C项。In any unsafe situation, simply ________ the button and a highly-trained agent will get you the help you need.A. press B. to pressC. pressing D. pressed【答案】A【解析】考查祈使句。句意：在任何不安全的情况下，仅仅摁一下这个按钮，一个训练有素的特工就会使你得到你需要的帮助。and是连词，连接并列结构，and后面是一个句子，那么，前面也应是句子，选项中只有动词原形可以构成祈使句，其余的都是非谓语动词，无法构成句子。故A选项正确。点睛：祈使句+and/or+陈述句是一种常见结构。当前后两部分间为承接关系时，用and；前后意思为相反关系时，用or。该句式中的陈述句部分常用一般将来时态。The shocking news made me realize _____________ terrible problems we would face.A. that B. howC. why D. what【答案】D【解析】考查感叹句转化的宾语从句。句意：这个惊人的消息使我意识到我们将面临多么严重的问题。结合语意可知，此处what引导的宾语从句是一个感叹句，what后接名词或者名词短语，故选D。Catherine, ____ the alarm clock for 6 o’clock, or you would oversleep and be late for the train.A. setting B. sets C. set D. to set【答案】C【解析】考查祈使句。句意：凯瑟琳，把闹钟定到6点，否则你会睡过头，火车就赶不上了。分析句子并结合句意可知此处为“祈使句+or+陈述句”结构，用动词原形，故选Ｃ。The manner _________ a telephone is answered gives the image of the organization, so _______ polite and pleasant when answering the telephone.A. in which; be B. where; be C. which; being D. in which; being【答案】A【解析】考查定语从句和祈使句。句意：接听电话的方式会给人留下公司的印象，所以接听电话时要礼貌、愉快。分析句子结构，so为连词，第二空所在的句子缺少主句的谓语动词，排除C项和D项；第一空，in a manner为固定用法，设空处引导定语从句，先行词在定语从句中作方式状语，需用in which引导。故选A。________ glad I was that he was sitting next to me. A. that B. howC. why D. what答案：How　句意：他坐在我旁边，我是多么高兴。此处为how引导的感叹句。how用来修饰形容词、副词或动词。其结构是：How＋形容词(副词)＋主语＋谓语！8．—I'm moving in a few days and I wonder if you could help.—You bet. Just let me know when, ________ I'll be there.A, and      B,or       C, so        D, but答案：and　该句式是“祈使句＋and＋简单句”，祈使句相当于条件，简单句相当于主句。                                           感叹句和祈使句专练用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空或单句改错。_____ an interesting country to live in!答案WhatYou should be fully prepared before going walking in the mountain.Above all，____________(bring) plenty of drinking water with you.2.答案bringIn any unsafe situation, simply ________ (press) the button and a highly­trained agent will get you the help you need.3.答案：press　句意：在任何危险的情况下，仅仅摁一下按钮，那么一个高度训练的代理人将使你获得你需要的帮助。此处是“祈使句＋and＋一般将来时”的固定结构。4. Always _________(keep) in mind that your main task is to get this company running smoothly.5. If you are planning to spend your money having fun this week, better _________(forget) it — you’ve got some big bills coming. 6. ________ (congratulate) to you on your success in preventing the spread of the epidemic!7. One more hour ________ I’ll get the work finished.8. Sorry I’m so late, but you cannot imagine _________ great trouble I took to find your house.9. _________ lovely weather we are having these days!10. _________ interesting work it is to teach children! 11. What _____ interesting role she played in the film! No wonder she has won an Oscar.答案：4. keep 5. forget 6. Congratulations 7. and 8. what 9. What 10. What 11. an 12．Feeling down? Why ________ visit one of these four websites?答案：not/don't you　“Why not＋动词原形＋ ...？”意为“为什么不……？”，是一种比较强烈的建议表达，相当于“Why don't you ...”。13．Catherine, ________ (set) the alarm clock for 6 o'clock, or you would oversleep and be late for the train.答案：set　句意：凯瑟琳，把闹钟定到6点，否则你会睡过头，就赶不上火车了。此处为“祈使句＋or＋陈述句”结构，应用动词原形。 单句改错 16．What unforgettable experience!________________________________________________________________答案：unforgettable前加an　句意：多么难忘的经历啊！句子为感叹句，experience意为“经历”，为可数名词，所以此处为感叹句型“What＋a/an＋形容词＋单数可数名词＋(主语＋谓语)”，unforgettable的发音以元音音素开头，故应用不定冠词an。17．When asking how the public would help beautify Utah Lake, the lake's official workers suggested picking up garbage.________________________________________________________________答案：asking→asked　当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致，且从句中含有be动词时，可以省略从句中的主语和be动词。从句中的ask和主语the lake's official workers为被动关系，意为“被问及……”，故用过去分词形式，when asked＝when they were asked。18.No tourists would miss the local food in Xi'an, so would we. ________________________________________________________________答案：so→nor/neither　“so＋助动词＋主语”表示前面所说的肯定情况也适用于另一人或物。表示否定时，要用nor/neither。19．There have a time when we young people believe that our parents should stop offering their advice.________________________________________________________________答案：have→is　句意：有这么一段时间，我们年轻人认为我们的父母应该停止提出建议。此处为“there be”句型。There is a time when ...  “有一段时间……”。 Reading this story，and you will realize that not everything can be bought with money.____________________答案：Reading改为Read，考查祈使句。Tommy, following your doctor's advice or your cold will get worse.________________________________________________________________ Turning down the radio—the baby's asleep in the next room.________________________________________________________________ For more information about Cambridge, visiting our website at www.cambridge.org.________________________________________________________________ What important conference it is! You should take this chance to attend it.________________________________________________________________ The little boy came riding full speed down the motorway on his bicycle. What dangerous a scene it was! ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】21. following改为follow 22. Turning改为Turn 23. visiting改为visit24. important前加an 25. What改为How 拓展练习语篇填空阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。There has been a recent trend in the food service industry toward lower fat content and less salt. This trend, which was started by the medical community（医学界）    61      a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side    62    (effect) such as overweight and heart disease-the very thing the medical community was trying to fight.  Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet. They are required    63    (process) the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions. When fat and salt     64     (remove) from food, the food tastes as if is missing something. As    65    result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing. Even      66     (bad), the amount of fast food that people eat goes up. Fast food     67     (be) full of fat and salt; by    68    (eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.  Having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce the urge to snack(吃点心) between meals and will improve the taste of your food. However,      69     (be) careful not to go to extremes. Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both,     70    is not good for the health. 语法填空答案：61.  as          62. effects      63. to process     64. are removed       65. a
66. worse      67. is       68. eating      69. be        70. which   短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1．每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2．只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。In the summer holiday following my eighteen birthday, I took driving lessons. I still remember how hard first day was. Before getting into the car, I thought I had learned the instructor’s orders, so once I started the car, my mind goes blank. I forgot what he had said to me altogether. The instructor kept repeating the word, “Speed up!” “Slow down!” “Turning left!” I was so much nervous that I could hardly tell which direction was left. A few minutes late, the instructor asked me to stop the car. It was a relief and I came to a suddenly stop just in the middle on the road. 短文改错答案：   In the summer holiday following my birthday, I took driving lessons. I still remember how hard first day was. Before getting into the car, I thought I had learned the instructor’s orders, once I started the car, my mind blank. I forgot what he had said to me altogether. The instructor kept repeating the , “Speed up!” “Slow down!” “ left!” I was so nervous that I could hardly tell which direction was left. A few minutes , the instructor asked me to stop the car. It was a relief and I came to a stop just in the middle the road.