2022届新高考英语一轮复习 过关检测 题型一 阅读理解专题三 推理判断题

这是一份2022届新高考英语一轮复习 过关检测 题型一 阅读理解专题三 推理判断题，共14页。
题型一 阅读理解专题三　推理判断题过关检测Passage 1[2020新高考Ⅰ(山东),C]语篇类型主题词数难度建议时间说明文一本关于旅游见闻的书298★★★7分钟　　In the mid-1990s, Tom Bissell taught English as a volunteer in Uzbekistan. He left after seven months, physically broken and having lost his mind. A few years later, still attracted to the country, he returned to Uzbekistan to write an article about the disappearance of the Aral Sea. His visit, however, ended up involving a lot more than that. Hence this book, Chasing the Sea: Lost Among the Ghosts of Empire in Central Asia, which talks about a road trip from Tashkent to Karakalpakstan, where millions of lives have been destroyed by the slow drying up of the sea. It is the story of an American travelling to a strange land, and of the people he meets on his way:Rustam, his translator, a lovely 24-year-old who picked up his colorful English in California, Oleg and Natasha, his hosts in Tashkent, and a string of foreign aid workers. This is a quick look at life in Uzbekistan, made of friendliness and warmth, but also its darker side of society. In Samarkand, Mr Bissell admires the architectural wonders, while on his way to Bukhara he gets a taste of police methods when suspected of drug dealing. In Ferghana, he attends a mountain funeral(葬礼) followed by a strange drinking party. And in Karakalpakstan, he is saddened by the dust storms, diseases and fishing boats stuck miles from the sea. Mr Bissell skillfully organizes historical insights and cultural references, making his tale a well-rounded picture of Uzbekistan, seen from Western eyes. His judgment and references are decidedly American, as well as his delicate stomach. As the author explains, this is neither a travel nor a history book, or even a piece of reportage. Whatever it is, the result is a fine and vivid description of the purest of Central Asian traditions. 8.What made Mr Bissell return to Uzbekistan?A. His friends’ invitation. B. His interest in the country.C. His love for teaching. D. His desire to regain health.9.What does the underlined word "that" in paragraph 2 refer to?A. Developing a serious mental disease.B. Taking a guided tour in Central Asia.C. Working as a volunteer in Uzbekistan.D. Writing an article about the Aral Sea.10.Which of the following best describes Mr Bissell’s road trip in Uzbekistan?　　　　 　　　　　　 　　　　　　 A. Romantic.           B. Eventful. C. Pleasant.            D. Dangerous. 11.What is the purpose of this text?A. To introduce a book. B. To explain a cultural phenomenon. C. To remember a writer.D. To recommend a travel destination.Passage 2[2019全国Ш,C]语篇类型主题词数难度建议时间说明文报业的发展变化299★★★7分钟　　Before the 1830s, most newspapers were sold through annual subscriptions in America, usually $8 to $10 a year. Today $8 or $10 seems a small amount of money, but at that time these amounts were forbidding to most citizens. Accordingly, newspapers were read almost only by rich people in politics or the trades. In addition, most newspapers had little in them that would appeal to a mass audience. They were dull and visually forbidding. But the revolution that was taking place in the 1830s would change all that.　　The trend, then, was toward the "penny paper" — a term referring to papers made widely available to the public. It meant any inexpensive newspaper; perhaps more importantly it meant newspapers that could be bought in single copies on the street.　　This development did not take place overnight. It had been possible(but not easy) to buy single copies of newspapers before 1830, but this usually meant the reader had to go down to the printer’s office to purchase a copy. Street sales were almost unknown. However, within a few years, street sales of newspapers would be commonplace in eastern cities. At first the price of single copies was seldom a penny — usually two or three cents was charged — and some of the older well-known papers charged five or six cents. But the phrase "penny paper" caught the public’s fancy, and soon there would be papers that did indeed sell for only a penny.　　This new trend of newspapers for "the man on the street" did not begin well. Some of the early ventures(企业) were immediate failures. Publishers already in business, people who were owners of successful papers, had little desire to change the tradition. It took a few youthful and daring businessmen to get the ball rolling.28. Which of the following best describes newspapers in America before the 1830s?A. Academic.             B. Unattractive.C. Inexpensive.          D. Confidential.29. What did street sales mean to newspapers?A. They would be priced higher.B. They would disappear from cities.C. They could have more readers.D. They could regain public trust.30. Who were the newspapers of the new trend targeted at?A. Local politicians.    B. Common people.C. Young publishers.    D. Rich businessmen.31. What can we say about the birth of the penny paper?A. It was a difficult process.B. It was a temporary success.C. It was a robbery of the poor.D. It was a disaster for printers.Passage 3[2019江苏,C]语篇类型主题词数难度建议时间说明文对新科技作用的误判418★★★8分钟　　Who cares if people think wrongly that the internet has had more important influences than the washing machine? Why does it matter that people are more impressed by the most recent changes?It would not matter if these misjudgments were just a matter of people’s opinions. However, they have real impacts, as they result in misguided use of scarce resources.The fascination with the ICT (Information and Communication Technology) revolution, represented by the internet, has made some rich countries wrongly conclude that making things is so "yesterday" that they should try to live on ideas. This belief in "post-industrial society" has led those countries to neglect their manufacturing sector(制造业), with negative consequences for their economies.Even more worryingly, the fascination with the internet by people in rich countries has moved the international community to worry about the "digital divide" between the rich countries and the poor countries. This has led companies and individuals to donate money to developing countries to buy computer equipment and internet facilities. The question, however, is whether this is what the developing countries need the most. Perhaps giving money for those less fashionable things such as digging wells, extending electricity networks and making more affordable washing machines would have improved people’s lives more than giving every child a laptop computer or setting up internet centres in rural villages. I am not saying that those things are necessarily more important, but many donators have rushed into fancy programmes without carefully assessing the relative long-term costs and benefits of alternative uses of their money.In yet another example, a fascination with the new has led people to believe that the recent changes in the technologies of communications and transportation are so revolutionary that now we live in a "borderless world". As a result, in the last twenty years or so, many people have come to believe that whatever change is happening today is the result of great technological progress, going against which will be like trying to turn the clock back. Believing in such a world, many governments have put an end to some of the very necessary regulations on cross-border flows of capital, labour and goods, with poor results.Understanding technological trends is very important for correctly designing economic policies, both at the national and the international levels, and for making the right career choices at the individual level. However, our fascination with the latest, and our under-valuation of what has already become common, can, and has, led us in all sorts of wrong directions.61.Misjudgments on the influences of new technology can lead to 　　　. A. a lack of confidence in technologyB. a slow progress in technologyC. a conflict or public opinionsD. a waste of limited resources62.The example in Paragraph 4 suggests that donators should 　　　. A. take people’s essential needs into accountB. make their programmes attractive to peopleC. ensure that each child gets financial supportD. provide more affordable internet facilities63.What has led many governments to remove necessary regulations?A. Neglecting the impacts of technological advances.B. Believing that the world has become borderless.C. Ignoring the power of economic development.D. Over-emphasizing the role of international communication.64.What can we learn from the passage?A. People should be encouraged to make more donations.B. Traditional technology still has a place nowadays.C. Making right career choices is crucial to personal success.D. Economic policies should follow technological trends.Passage 4[2018天津,B]语篇类型主题词数难度建议时间记叙文参观艺术博物馆,误闯民宅398★★8分钟　　When I was 17, I read a magazine article about a museum called the McNay, once the home of a watercolorist named Marian McNay. She had requested the community to turn it into a museum upon her death. On a sunny Saturday, Sally and I drove over to the museum. She asked, "Do you have the address?" "No, but I’ll recognize it, there was a picture in the magazine.""Oh, stop. There it is!"The museum was free. We entered, excited. A group of people sitting in the hall stopped talking and stared at us."May I help you?" a man asked. "No," I said. "We’re fine." Tour guides got on my nerves. What if they talked a long time about a painting you weren’t that interested in? Sally had gone upstairs. The people in the hall seemed very nosy(爱窥探的), keeping their eyes fixed on me with curiosity. What was their problem? I saw some nice sculptures in one room. Suddenly I sensed a man standing behind me. "Where do you think you are?" he asked. I turned sharply. "The McNay Art Museum!" He smiled, shaking his head. "Sorry, the McNay is on New Braunfels Street." "What’s this place?" I asked, still confused. "Well, it’s our home." My heart jolted(震颤). I raced to the staircase and called out, "Sally! Come down immediately!""There’s some really good stuff(艺术作品) up there." She stepped down, looking confused. I pushed her toward the front door, waving at the family, saying, "Sorry, please forgive us, you have a really nice place." Outside, when I told Sally what happened, she covered her mouth, laughing. She couldn’t believe how long they let us look around without saying anything.The real McNay was splendid, but we felt nervous the whole time we were there. Van Gogh, Picasso. This time, we stayed together, in case anything else unusual happened.Thirty years later, a woman approached me in a public place. "Excuse me, did you ever enter a residence, long ago, thinking it was the McNay Museum?""Yes. But how do you know? We never told anyone.""That was my home. I was a teenager sitting in the hall. Before you came over, I never realized what a beautiful place I lived in. I never felt lucky before. You thought it was a museum. My feelings about my home changed after that. I’ve always wanted to thank you."41.What do we know about Marian McNay?　　　 　　　　　　 　　　　　　 A. She was a painter.B. She was a community leader.C. She was a museum director.D. She was a journalist.42.Why did the author refuse the help from the man in the house?A. She disliked people who were nosy.B. She felt nervous when talking to strangers.C. She knew more about art than the man.D. She mistook him for a tour guide.43.How did the author feel about being stared at by the people in the hall?A. Puzzled.         B. Concerned.C. Frightened.         D. Delighted.44. Why did the author describe the real McNay museum in just a few words?A. The real museum lacked enough artwork to interest her.B. She was too upset to spend much time at the real museum.C. The McNay was disappointing compared with the house.D. The event happening in the house was more significant.45.What could we learn from the last paragraph?A. People should have good taste to enjoy life.B. People should spend more time with their family.C. People tend to be blind to the beauty around them.D. People tend to educate teenagers at a museum.Passage 5[2017乙卷(全国Ⅰ),B]语篇类型主题词数难度建议时间记叙文救助野生动物291★★7分钟　　I work with Volunteers for Wildlife, a rescue and education organization at Bailey Arboretum in Locust Valley. Trying to help injured, displaced or sick creatures can be heartbreaking; survival is never certain. However, when it works, it is simply beautiful.　　I got a rescue call from a woman in Muttontown. She had found a young owl(猫头鹰)on the ground. When I arrived, I saw a 2-to 3-week-old owl. It had already been placed in a carrier for safety.　　I examined the chick(雏鸟)and it seemed fine. If I could locate the nest, I might have been able to put it back, but no luck. My next work was to construct a nest and anchor it in a tree.　　The homeowner was very helpful. A wire basket was found. I put some pine branches into the basket to make this nest safe and comfortable. I placed the chick in the nest, and it quickly calmed down.　　Now all that was needed were the parents, but they were absent. I gave the homeowner a recording of the hunger screams of owl chicks. These advertise the presence of chicks to adults; they might also encourage our chick to start calling as well. I gave the owner as much information as possible and headed home to see what news the night might bring.　　A nervous night to be sure, but sometimes the spirits of nature smile on us all! The homeowner called to say that the parents had responded to the recordings. I drove over and saw the chick in the nest looking healthy and active. And it was accompanied in the nest by the greatest sight of all — LUNCH! The parents had done their duty and would probably continue to do so. 24.What is unavoidable in the author’s rescue work according to paragraph 1?A. Efforts made in vain.B. Getting injured in his work.C. Feeling uncertain about his future.D. Creatures forced out of their homes.25.Why was the author called to Muttontown?A. To rescue a woman.B. To take care of a woman.C. To look at a baby owl.D. To cure a young owl.26.What made the chick calm down?A. A new nest.            B. Some food.C. A recording.        D. Its parents.27.How would the author feel about the outcome of the event?A. It’s unexpected.        B. It’s beautiful.C. It’s humorous.        D. It’s discouraging.Passage 6[2017浙江,B]语篇类型主题词数难度建议时间说明文青少年晚睡的坏习惯297★★5分钟　　Getting less sleep has become a bad habit for most American kids. According to a new survey(调查)by the National Sleep Foundation, 51% of kids aged 10 to 18 go to bed at 10 pm or later on school nights, even though they have to get up early. Last year the Foundation reported that nearly 60% of 7- to 12-year-olds said they felt tired during the day, and that 15% said they had fallen asleep at school.How much sleep you need depends a lot on your age. Babies need a lot of rest; most of them sleep about 18 hours a day! Adults need about eight hours. For most school-age children, ten hours is ideal(理想的). But the new National Sleep Foundation survey found that 35% of 10- to 12-year-olds get only seven or eight hours. And guess what almost half of the surveyed kids said they do before bedtime? Watch TV.　　"More children are going to bed with TVs on, and there are more opportunities(机会)to stay awake, with more homework, the Internet and the phone," says Dr. Mary Carskadon, a sleep researcher at Brown University Medical School. She says these activities at bedtime can get kids all excited and make it hard for them to calm down and sleep. Other experts say part of the problem is chemical. Changing levels of body chemicals called hormones not only make teenagers’ bodies develop adult characteristics, but also make it hard for teenagers to fall asleep before 11 pm.Because sleepiness is such a problem for teenagers, some school districts have decided to start high school classes later than they used to. Three years ago, schools in Edina, Minnesota, changed the start time from 7:25 am to 8:30 am. Students, parents and teachers are pleased with the results. 25.What is the new National Sleep Foundation survey on?A. American kids’ sleeping habits.B. Teenagers’ sleep-related diseases.C. Activities to prevent sleeplessness.D. Learning problems and lack of sleep.26.How many hours of sleep do 11-year-olds need every day?A. 7 hours.      B. 8 hours.C. 10 hours.      D. 18 hours.27.Why do teenagers go to sleep late according to Carskadon?A. They are affected by certain body chemicals.B. They tend to do things that excite them.C. They follow their parents’ examples.D. They don’t need to go to school early.        专题三　推理判断题【答案速查】 Passage 1　BDBA     Passage 2　BCBA　 Passage 3　DABB Passage 4　ADADC Passage 5　ACAB   Passage 6　ACBPassage 1曾在乌兹别克斯坦当过志愿者的Tom Bissell出于对这个国家的兴趣几年后回到这里,并写了一本书叙述其在该国旅行中的见闻。本文对这本书进行了简要介绍。8.B　考查细节理解。根据第一段第三句中的"still attracted to the country, he returned to Uzbekistan"可知,出于对乌兹别克斯坦这个国家的兴趣,他回到了这里,故B项符合题意。9.D　考查代词指代。根据第一段第三句中的"still attracted to the country, he returned to Uzbekistan to write an article about the disappearance of the Aral Sea"可知,Tom Bissell回到乌兹别克斯坦的目的是写一篇关于咸海是如何消失的的文章。画线词"that"指代上文中提到的"写文章"这件事。10.B　考查推理判断。根据文章第三段尤其是第一句中的"made of friendliness and warmth, but also its darker side of society"可知,Tom Bissell在乌兹别克斯坦的旅行充满了变故。eventful意为"充满大事的,多变故的",符合文意。A项在文中没有体现,C项与D项表述片面,故选B。11.A　考查写作意图。文章开头引出Tom Bissell写书的背景,后面三段介绍了这本书的概要、主要内容和对这本书的评价。全文围绕这本书展开,目的就是向读者推荐这本书,所以选A项。Passage 2　　本文讲述了十九世纪上半叶美国报业的发展变化。28.B　考查细节理解。根据第一段中的"In addition, most newspapers had little in them that would appeal to a mass audience. They were dull and visually forbidding"可知,在十九世纪三十年代前,大多数报纸对广大读者缺乏吸引力。故选B。academic"学业的";unattractive"不吸引人的";inexpensive"不昂贵的";confidential"机密的"。29.C　考查推理判断。根据第二段首句 "The trend, then, was toward the ‘penny paper’ — a term referring to papers made widely available to the public"以及第三段中的"However, within a few years, street sales of newspapers would be commonplace in eastern cities"可推知,"便士报"指的是公众可广泛购得的报纸,便士报有更多的读者,而正是街头销售使其变得随处可见。30.B　考查细节理解。第四段首句中的 "the man on the street"指普通人。故选B。31.A　考查推理判断。根据第三段中的"This development did not take place overnight. It had been possible (but not easy) to buy single copies of newspapers before 1830, but this usually meant the reader had to go down to the printer’s office to purchase a copy"及第四段的内容可知,"便士报"的发展变化绝非发生在一夜之间,而是经历了一个艰难的过程。故选A。文章只是描述了"便士报"当时的状况,并未对其作出成功与否的评价,故B项错误;C项和D项均曲解了文意。Passage 3对新科技作用的误判可能会误导人们对已有技术的认识和使用,影响对社会的认知。61.D　考查细节理解。根据第二段中的"However, they have real impacts, as they result in misguided use of scarce resources" 可知,对新技术影响的误判导致了对稀缺资源的误用,故选D。62.A　考查推理判断。根据第四段中的"The question, however, is whether this is what the developing countries need the most. Perhaps giving money for those less fashionable things such as digging wells, extending electricity networks and...in rural villages"可推出,作者想通过事例说明捐赠者应该考虑人们的基本需求,而不要片面地认为有了高科技产品,受赠者的生活水平就会产生巨大飞跃。故本题答案为A。63.B　考查细节理解。根据第五段可知,人们认为随着通信和交通运输技术的发展,我们生活在一个"无国界的世界",由此许多政府取消了一些必要的规则,故本题答案为B。64.B　考查推理判断。通读全文,尤其是根据文章最后一段中的"However,our fascination...wrong directions"可知,我们对于最新技术的入迷,和对于已经普遍存在的技术作用的低估可能或已经将我们引向错误的方向,即传统的技术在当今仍有着重要的作用。故选B。Passage 4　　作者17岁的时候和好友去博物馆,结果误闯了民宅。30年后,这个家的一位成员认出了作者并感谢作者让她当时意识到了自己的家有多美,并从此改变了她对家的感情。41.A　考查细节理解。第一段说,Marian McNay是水彩画家(watercolorist),她要求社区在她死后把她家改成博物馆,故选A。42.D　考查推理判断。根据题干信息,我们把答案定位在第四段。当有人询问作者是否需要帮助的时候,作者拒绝了,并提到导游让自己紧张。从这些信息可推断出,作者误以为这个人是导游,因此选D。43.A　考查推理判断。根据题干的"被大厅里的人盯着看"可将本题答案定位在第四段。该段说,当作者发现大厅里的人似乎都喜欢窥探,都好奇地盯着自己的时候,作者心想:"他们这是怎么了?"(What was their problem?)。从这些信息可推断出作者对此十分困惑。故选A。44.D　考查推理判断。第六段说作者和朋友来到McNay博物馆,但是一直觉得紧张,害怕又出现先前那种不同寻常的事。由此推断,先前误闯他人的家这件事对作者影响很大,因此选D。45.C　考查推理判断。根据文章最后一段可知,一位女士告诉作者,30年前她自己还是一个青少年,在作者误闯她家之前,她从来不知道自己的家有多美,由此推断选C(人们往往对自己身边的美视而不见)。Passage 5　　本文讲述了作者作为一名野生动物救助和教育机构的志愿者,成功救助了一只猫头鹰雏鸟的经历。24.A　考查推理判断。根据第一段第二句"Trying to help injured, displaced or sick creatures can be heartbreaking; survival is never certain"可知,救助野生动物的工作有时让人心碎,因为不能确保野生动物能存活下来,由此可推断,救助野生动物的努力可能会白费,故A项正确。B项无中生有,文中没有提到作者在救助工作中受伤;C项曲解文意,第二句中的"survival is never certain"是说野生动物能否存活下来不能确定,而不是说作者对自己的未来不能确定;文中没有提到动物被迫离开家园,故D项不正确。25.C　考查细节理解。 根据第二段中的"I got a rescue call from a woman in Muttontown. She had found a young owl(猫头鹰) on the ground"可知,这位女士给作者打电话是为了让他来救助一只猫头鹰雏鸟。文中没有信息支撑选项A、B,故可排除;根据第三段第一句"I examined the chick(雏鸟) and it seemed fine"可知,这只猫头鹰雏鸟并未受伤,故排除D项。26.A　考查细节理解。 根据第四段中的"I put some pine branches into the basket to make this nest safe and comfortable. I placed the chick in the nest, and it quickly calmed down"可知,作者做的鸟巢很舒服,所以雏鸟被放入后,很快安静下来。27.B　考查推理判断。 根据最后一段可知,通过播放猫头鹰雏鸟饥饿时发出的叫声的录音,它的父母终于找到了它,并开始给它喂食。再结合第一段最后一句中的"when it works, it is simply beautiful"可推断,作者付出的努力没有白费,因而结果是美好的。Passage 6　　作者主要介绍了当今美国青少年晚睡的坏习惯及其产生的原因以及针对该坏习惯所采取的措施等。25.A　考查推理判断。通读文章第一段可推出,该调查主要是对美国青少年的睡眠习惯进行研究,故选A项。26.C　考查细节理解。根据文章第二段中的"For most school-age children, ten hours is ideal(理想的)"可知,11岁的青少年最佳的睡眠时长是10小时,故选C项。27.B　考查推理判断。根据第三段第一句和该段中的"She says these activities at bedtime can get kids all excited and make it hard for them to calm down and sleep"可推知,由于青少年睡前的活动都会使他们兴奋,所以他们很难静下心来睡觉,从而导致晚睡,故选B项。