2022届新高考英语一轮复习 夯基提升 阅读理解题组1 细节理解题

这是一份2022届新高考英语一轮复习 夯基提升 阅读理解题组1 细节理解题，共11页。试卷主要包含了阅读理解等内容，欢迎下载使用。
第三部分 高考题型突破题型一 阅读理解题组1  细节理解题　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　Passage 1[2021 河北六校联考]语篇类型主题词数难度建议时间应用文历史遗迹之旅270★4分钟Magical History Tour　　Join us for our fifth annual exploration of fascinating historic sites around Greater Portland that you’ve never seen or maybe didn’t even know! The Magical History Tour is your key to unlocking fascinating historical places that are not usually open to the public. It is a self-guided adventure which is guaranteed to amaze and amuse both adults and children. Equipped with a map,and at your own pace, you will be greeted by guides at each location ready to share the history of the tour stop.　　In the 5th year of the Magical History Tour,we will be presenting an exciting mix of both new sites and favorites from the past four years.　　The Magical History Tour check-in begins at 9:45 am at Maine Historical Society’s Brown Library. At this time,you will find out where the tour will take you as you receive your map and ticket into each site.　　Follow us on Twitter and Instagram for updates,chances to win tickets and some other exciting opportunities; and feel free to share your tour experiences to our social media pages using MHStour!●Time:10:00 am — 4:00 pm,Saturday,May 9,2020●Location:485 Congress Street●Tickets: Get your tickets online,by calling us at (207)774-1822,or by visiting our Museum Store at 489 Congress Street $25/Adult　MHS　Member;$35/Adult General Admission;$5/Junior under age 18.●Volunteering: We need volunteers for the Magical History Tour! Volunteers help for half the day of the tour and are given a free ticket to the tour to enjoy either before or after their volunteer shift!　　For more information,email us at events@mainehistory.org or call us at (207)774-1822.1.What’s the purpose of the Magical History Tour?　　 　　　　　 　　　　　 A. To explore unfamiliar historic sites.B. To visit some world-famous attractions.C. To provide children with history classes.D. To make some private places known to the public.2.How much should a couple(one is MHS Member) and a kid pay?A. $55.   B. $65.     C. $75.    D. $105.3.What can we learn from the text?A. You can buy a ticket by email.B. Tourists will only be guided by a map.C. Only new sites are available for the tour.D. Volunteers can take part in the tour for free.Passage 2[2021 哈尔滨部分学校第一次考试]语篇类型主题词数难度建议时间应用文创新设计比赛252★4分钟Innovative Designs for AccessibilityDeadline: 2021-04-30Award: $7,500Open to: University studentsThe Innovative Designs for Accessibility student competition challenges students across Canada to use their creativity to develop innovative, cost-effective and practical solutions to accessibility barriers for people with disabilities.(Read more)Clean Tech CompetitionDeadline: 2021-04-13Award: $28,000Open to: Students(13-15 years old)The Clean Tech Competition is a unique, worldwide research and design challenge for pre-college youth. The competition is designed to build a deeper understanding of STEM(science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) — related concepts, recognize outstanding talent, and prepare the next generation of globally competitive innovators.(Read more)Agile Robotics CompetitionDeadline: 2021-04-10Award: $17,500 Open to: AdultsThe Agile Robotics Competition is a simulation-based(基于仿真的) competition designed to promote agility(灵活) in industrial robot systems by employing the latest advances in artificial intelligence and robot planning. The competition will be held virtually(虚拟地), so there is no need to travel to compete. The competition will use the Gazebo simulation tool.(Read more)Wearable Robotics Innovation ChallengeDeadline: 2021-04-24Award: $5,000Open to: EveryoneThe Wearable Robotics Association is inviting entries that represent the most innovative new ideas in wearable robotic technology. The review committee will select as many as ten finalists. The one considered to be the most innovative will be announced at the conference and will receive $5,000 to accelerate the new technology.1.Which competition favors competitors with a creative mind in helping the disabled?A. Clean Tech Competition.B. Innovative Designs for Accessibility.C. Agile Robotics Competition.D. Wearable Robotics Innovation Challenge.2.What’s the aim of Clean Tech Competition?A. To make research about STEM.B. To encourage university students to be innovators.C. To help students prepare for the university.D. To find talented teenagers and develop their ability to innovate.3.What can we know about the four competitions?A. They are open to everyone.B. Every competitor can get an award.C. They are held in April.D. They are held virtually.Passage 3[2021贵州贵阳摸底考试]语篇类型主题词数难度建议时间说明文孔子学院306★★6分钟　　A group of Northern Ireland schoolchildren warmed the hearts of Chinese guests on a cold December day when they performed Chinese songs. The children had rehearsed(排练) for six weeks,with the help of Mandarin teachers from the University of Ulster’s Confucius Institute.　　The performance on Friday, inside Belfast’s elegant and historic Parliament Buildings, preceded (先于) a welcome dinner ahead of the third UK-China Regional Leaders Meeting on Saturday that was attended by more than 100 leaders from China. As trade relations between China and Northern Ireland grow, Mandarin has become more popular in the province. Friday’s performance was given by children from Millburn Primary School and Grosvenor Grammar School, which both offer Mandarin lessons, thanks to the local Confucius Institute that was established in 2012. From its start, which saw two Mandarin teachers support 169 students, the University of Ulster’s Confucius Institute had grown to comprise 51 teachers and 19,000 registered students by December,2017. A quarter of the institute’s 161 partner primary and secondary schools have made Mandarin learning compulsory for certain age groups. And students also gain exposure to Chinese culture, including calligraphy, Chinese characters and music.　　"Our Confucius Institute was established partly in response to existing demand from schools," said Liu Yan, director of the University of Ulster’s Confucius Institute. While preparing to open the institute, her team sent out a survey to 1,241 primary and secondary schools in Northern Ireland. Around 500 responded by saying they would like to offer Mandarin lessons.　　The Chinese government launched the Confucius Institute concept in 2004 as a way of promoting the Chinese language and culture abroad. Confucius Institutes are non-profit organizations and are affiliated(附属于) with Western academic institutions, including secondary schools and universities. By the time of December,2018, 548 Confucius Institutes had been established in 154 countries and regions.1.What is the local people’s attitude to the performance?A. Serious.      B. Uninterested.C. Curious.      D. Cautious.2.Mandarin is compulsory in about 　　　　. A. 40 schools      B. 100 schoolsC. 160 schools      D. 169 schools3.Why is Confucius Institute set up in Northern Ireland?A. To compete with local schools.B. To meet local schools’ demands.C. To trade with local people.D. To realize existing purposes.4.What was the purpose of launching the Confucius Institute concept in 2004?A. To earn more money.B. To know more people.C. To spread Chinese culture.D. To teach more students.Passage 4[2021吉林长春质量监测(一)]语篇类型主题词数难度建议时间说明文保护森林及动物301★★7分钟　　Earth’s forests are emptying.Half of their inhabitants(栖息动物) have disappeared in the last 40 years, according to the latest report from the World Wildlife Fund(WWF).The report tracked populations of 268 species of forest-dwelling birds, mammals, amphibians, and reptiles worldwide between 1970 and 2014(the most recent year for which data is available). The results show that forest animal populations have declined by 53% worldwide, and humans are to blame.More than 80% of all land animals, plants, and insect species call forests home. However, a combination of habitat destruction, hunting, the spread of invasive species, climate change, and diseases is killing off forest animals, the researchers said.Without those animals, forests can’t perform the functions we rely on, since animals pollinate(授粉) forest plants, spread seeds, and nourish the soil with their waste."Forests depend on a complete animal world to perform functions essential to life," Susanne Winter, a program director at the WWF, told EcoWatch.One of the most critical roles forests play is in easing climate change. Trees suck enormous amounts of carbon dioxide out of the air. A recent study found that planting new trees over an area with the size of the US could suck away two-thirds of all the carbon dioxide emissions that humans have emitted into the atmosphere."Without animals, it is harder for forests to absorb carbon dioxide, as tree species important for protecting the climate could be lost without animals," Winter said. Without them, those trees would have difficulty reproducing and forests would lose their best carbon-storing trees."Forests are our greatest natural allies in the fight against global warming," Winter said. "If we want to reverse the worldwide decline in biodiversity and prevent the climate crisis, we need to protect the forests and the species living there."1.What do we know from the passage?A. Half of earth’s forests have emptied.B. 268 forest-living species have died out.C. The number of forest animals has decreased.D. 80% of forest animals have lost their homes.2.How many reasons are mentioned for the decrease of forest animals?A. Five.    B. Four.    C. Three.    D. Two.3.What is the key function of forests mentioned in this passage?A. Nourishing the soil.B. Producing carbon dioxide.C. Pollinating forest plants.D. Easing climate change.4.Which of the opinions may Susanne Winter agree with?A. Forests will disappear eventually.B. We can’t reverse the decline in biodiversity.C. Forests can suck away all the carbon dioxide emissions.D. Animals are vital to forests when it comes to reproducing.Passage 5[2021河南洛阳统一考试]语篇类型主题词数难度建议时间说明文空腹锻炼340★★★8分钟　　Are you the type to run before breakfast in the morning? Working out on an empty stomach won’t hurt you — and it may actually help, depending on your goal.Exercising before eating comes with the risk of feeling light-headed due to low blood sugar. You might feel tired or uneasy, and won’t be able to work out as enthusiastically as you would have. A light amount of food is important for older adults over 55 before exercising — especially in the morning. But if your primary exercise goal is weight loss, exercising on an empty stomach may come with some promising benefits. There’s some research to support the idea that working out in a fasted(禁食的) state can burn more fat than exercising in a fed state.Working out on an empty stomach, however, may also not prove true for everyone. "Some people advocate for fasted exercise, but these people tend to be young and in amazing physical shape," says Douglas Paddon-Jones, a muscle physiology researcher and professor of aging and health at the University of Texas Medical Branch. "They have no health problems, and what they’re eating is of super-high quality and carefully regulated." On the other hand, working out in a fasted state without proper planning or professional oversight may run the risk of unhealthy body composition changes.For people who aren’t athletes, fueling up with food before a workout may be the best way to get the most fat-burning benefit. "You don’t want to fill up; you just want to give your body a burst of energy to power your training period. After you exercise, drink some water — but wait 60 to 90 minutes before eating," says Shivani Sahni, director of the nutrition program at Harvard University’s Institute for Aging Research. "You’re trying to take advantage of your promoted metabolic(新陈代谢的) rate after exercising, so if you can go an hour or an hour and a half without eating, you’ll maximize the fat-burning response," says she.1.Why does the author suggest exercising in a fed state?A. To avoid being light-headed.B. To lower blood sugar.C. To burn more fat.D. To work out energetically.2.Who may tend to practise fasted exercise?A. Older adults.         B. Seniors beyond 55.C. Professional athletes.     D. Good-shaped athletes.3.What’s Shivani Sahni’s suggestion for people after exercising?A. Developing a new lifestyle.B. Finding a fitness instructor.C. Going without food for a time.D. Drinking salty water after exercising.4.Which word best describes the author’s attitude to working out in a fasted state?A. Skeptical.           B. Cautious.C. Supportive.           D. Subjective.Passage 6[2021 山东日照第一次校际联考]语篇类型主题词数难度建议时间记叙文运动障碍357★★★7分钟　　A young boy had a genetic disorder known as ADCY5-related dyskinesia. He was first diagnosed at the age of 3. His face and arms would involuntarily move, with episodes lasting from a few seconds to 10 minutes. Sometimes, moving would cause the twitches(抽搐), while in other instances they would come seemingly at random. By age 11, he was experiencing up to 30 episodes each day, severely influencing his life. He struggled with day-to-day activities that require fine motor skills, like writing in class, walking home from school, riding his bike, or taking part in sports.Caused by changes in the ADCY5 gene, the condition is characterized by involuntary movements, including twitching, shaking, and tensing muscles that can affect the face, arms, legs and neck. According to the U.S. National Library of Medicine, at least 400 people have been diagnosed with the disease. These symptoms, which usually first appear in childhood or late adolescence, can happen day or night. Those with a severe form of the condition might have weak muscle strength, and their motor skills might develop slower than other people’s.While symptoms are stable in some patients, they will worsen in others until middle age. The symptoms can be worsened by something such as tiredness and anxiety. There was currently no treatment available for ADCY5-related dyskinesia. However, French doctors were quite interested when a father with the disorder claimed he could prevent the unwanted movements by drinking coffee.So doctors decided to treat the boy with coffee to see if it might help because genetic tests revealed he had ADCY5-related dyskinesia. First, one cup of strong coffee containing around 100mg of caffeine in the afternoon, and one before bed. After 45 minutes, his symptoms disappeared, with the effect lasting seven hours. Upping the dose to two cups in the afternoon and half a cup at bedtime almost entirely wiped out his episodes. The boy could write in class, walk home from school and ride his bike again.His doctors said his experiences amount to a real-life, double-blind experiment, and concluded coffee is a safe treatment for ADCY5-related dyskinesia.1.What caused the boy’s poor motor skills?A. An illness connected with a gene.B. The day-to-day activities in life.C. The random twitches of the body.D. The involuntary move of the arms.2.What might a patient with ADCY5-related dyskinesia suffer?A. Weak bone strength. B. Childhood tiredness.C. Tensing muscles. D. Anxiety in adolescence.3.What inspired the doctors to find a cure for the disease?A. A cup of coffee.B. A man’s experience.C. A mistake in a genetic test.D. A double-blind experiment.4.Where is this text most likely from?A. A magazine.    B. A guidebook.C. A novel.        D. A diary.        答  案题型一　阅读理解【答案速查】Passage 1　ABD　　    Passage 2　BDC　　     Passage 3　AABCPassage 4　CADD       Passage 5　ADCB      Passage 6　ACBAPassage 7　DBAB       Passage 8　CBDD      Passage 9　ABDDPassage 10　CBCD    Passage 11　BADD       Passage 12　CDBBPassage 13　BACD    Passage 14　DCBC       Passage 15　BDACPassage 16　ADBB   Passage 17　ABDD      Passage 18　DBCBPassage 19　CDBA   Passage 20　CDBA      Passage 21　CADDPassage 22　DBCD   Passage 23　CABA       Passage 24　BABA题组1　细节理解题Passage 1　　该文介绍了第五次年度探索Greater Portland周围历史遗迹的旅游项目,包括时间、地点、票价和志愿者服务等信息。1.A　考查细节理解。根据题干中的关键词the purpose定位到原文第一段的第一、二句"Join us for our fifth annual exploration...to the public",由此可知,该旅行的目的在于探索不熟悉的历史遗迹,故A项正确。2.B　考查细节理解。根据题干中的关键词pay定位到原文Tickets中的"$25/Adult MHS Member;$35/Adult General Admission;$5/Junior under age 18",由此可知,一对夫妻(其中一位是MHS会员)加一个孩子,所需票价是25+35+5=65美元,故B项正确。3.D　考查细节理解。根据Volunteering部分中的"Volunteers help for half the day of the tour and are given a free ticket to the tour to enjoy either before or after their volunteer shift!"可知,志愿者可免费参加此次旅行,故D项正确。 Passage 2该文章是一篇在网站上发布的四则创新设计类比赛的相关信息。1.B　考查细节理解。根据第一部分的主体内容可知,该比赛要求选手利用他们的创造力为残疾人的无障碍环境做出创新、经济、实用的解决方案,故选B。2.D　考查细节理解。根据Clean Tech Competition部分第二句可知,该竞赛旨在加深对STEM相关概念的理解,发现优秀人才,培养下一代具有全球竞争力的创新者,故D选项"找到有天赋的青少年,并培养他们的创新能力"正确。3.C　考查细节理解。根据每一部分的Deadline的内容可知,C项正确。Passage 3北爱尔兰地区的孔子学院成立的部分原因是满足学校现有的需求。自2012年创办以来,它的规模不断扩大,其合作的部分中小学将普通话列为特定年龄段的学生的必修课程。孔子学院在多个国家和地区均有分布,中国文化借助孔子学院在全球得到进一步的传播。1.A　考查推断判断。根据题干中的关键词"the performance"定位到第一段和第二段的第一句,由此可知,孩子们为了这次演出在阿尔斯特大学孔子学院中文老师的帮助下排练了六周,且此次演出在北爱尔兰首府贝尔法斯特的议会大厦进行,由此可推知当地人对这次演出的态度是认真的,故A项正确。 2.A　考查细节理解。根据题干中的"compulsory"定位到第二段中的"A quarter of the institute’s 161 partner primary and secondary schools have made Mandarin learning compulsory for certain age groups",由此可知在该孔子学院的161所合作中小学中,有四分之一的学校将普通话列为特定年龄段学生的必修课。故A项正确。3.B　考查细节理解。 根据题干中的"set up"定位到第三段中的"Our Confucius Institute was established partly in response to existing demand from schools"可知,建立孔子学院的部分原因是满足学校现有的需求,故B项正确。4.C　考查细节理解。 根据题干中的"purpose"定位到第四段中的"The Chinese government launched the Confucius Institute concept in 2004 as a way of promoting the Chinese language and culture abroad"可知,中国政府于2004年提出了孔子学院的概念,是为了在国外推广汉语和中国文化,故C项正确。Passage 4森林正在减少,森林里的动物数量也在减少,没有这些动物,森林就无法发挥我们需要的功能。如果我们想要扭转全球生物多样性下降的趋势和防止气候危机,我们就需要保护森林和生活在森林里的物种。1.C　考查细节理解。 根据文章第三段中的"The results show that forest animal populations have declined by 53% worldwide, and humans are to blame"可知,森林动物的数量已经减少了,故C项正确。2.A　考查细节理解。 根据文章第四段中的"However, a combination of habitat destruction, hunting, the spread of invasive species, climate change, and diseases is killing off forest animals"可知,文中提到五种森林动物减少的原因,故A项正确。 3.D　考查细节理解。 根据文章第七段中的"One of the most critical roles forests play is in easing climate change"可知,森林最重要的作用之一是缓解气候变化,故D项正确。 4.D　考查观点态度。根据第八段中Winter所说的话"Without animals...could be lost without animals"以及该段最后一句话对Winter所说的话的进一步阐释可知,Susanne Winter会赞成D项的观点,故D项正确。Passage 5空腹锻炼也不一定适用于每个人。对于55岁以上的老年人来说,在锻炼前吃点东西是很重要的,尤其是在早上;但是对于以减肥为目标的人来说,在禁食状态下锻炼能燃烧更多的脂肪。1.A　考查细节理解。根据第二段第一句"Exercising before eating comes with the risk of feeling light-headed due to low blood sugar"可知,吃东西前锻炼会有因为低血糖而感到头晕的风险,故作者建议饭后锻炼,故A项正确。2.D　考查细节理解。根据第三段,尤其是该段第二句中的"Some people advocate for fasted exercise, but these people tend to be young and in amazing physical shape"可知,体形良好的运动员可能倾向于空腹锻炼,故D项正确。3.C　考查细节理解。根据尾段Shivani Sahni所说的话可知,Shivani Sahni建议在运动后喝点水,等60到90分钟再吃东西;如果能坚持一小时或一个半小时不吃东西,你就能最大限度地燃烧脂肪。据此可知,Shivani Sahni建议人们在锻炼后一段时间内不吃东西,故C项正确。4.B　考查观点态度。根据第二段可知,作者认为吃东西前锻炼会有因为低血糖而感到头晕的风险,对于55岁以上的老年人来说,在锻炼前吃点东西是很重要的;但是对于以减肥为目标的人来说,空腹锻炼能燃烧更多的脂肪。结合第三段内容可知,空腹锻炼需要合理计划和专业监督,否则会有健康风险。据此可以判断,作者对空腹锻炼持谨慎态度,故B项正确。Passage 6该文介绍了一位小男孩因ADCY5基因突变而患有运动障碍,他的日常生活和学习受到了极大的影响。一群法国医生受到了一位男士的亲身经历的启发,从而发现咖啡是针对该疾病的一种较好的治疗方法,最终使小男孩能正常生活和学习。1.A　考查细节理解。根据第一段中的"A young boy had a genetic disorder known as ADCY5-related dyskinesia"可知,小男孩运动能力差是由一种与基因相关的疾病造成的,故选A。2.C　考查细节理解。根据第二段第一句"Caused by changes in the ADCY5 gene...legs and neck"可知,患有与ADCY5有关的运动障碍的病人可能会遭受肌肉绷紧的困扰,故C项正确。3.B　考查细节理解。根据第三段中的"French doctors were quite interested when a father with the disorder claimed he could prevent the unwanted movements by drinking coffee"和第四段中的"So doctors decided to treat the boy with coffee to see if it might help"可知,医生们受到一位男士的个人经历的启发而找到了针对该疾病的一种治疗方法,故选B。4.A　考查文章出处。全文主要讲述了一位因ADCY5基因突变而患有运动障碍的小男孩,他的日常生活和学习受到了极大的影响,一群法国医生受到了一位男士的亲身经历的启发,从而发现咖啡是针对该疾病的一种较好的治疗方法,最终使小男孩能正常生活和学习。这样的故事常见于杂志,故A项正确。