2022届新高考英语一轮复习 夯基提升 阅读理解题组4 词义猜测题

这是一份2022届新高考英语一轮复习 夯基提升 阅读理解题组4 词义猜测题，共14页。试卷主要包含了阅读理解等内容，欢迎下载使用。

题组4 词义猜测题
Passage 19[2021浙江五校联考]
At eleven, I decided t learn t swim. There was a pl at the YMCA ffering exactly the pprtunity. My mther cntinually warned against it, and kept fresh in my mind the details f each drwning in the river. But the YMCA pl was safe.
I had a childhd fear f water. This started when I was three years ld and my father tk me t the beach. The huge waves kncked me dwn and swept ver me.
The pl was quiet. I was afraid f ging in all alne, s I sat n ne side f the pl t wait fr thers. Then came a big by. He yelled, "Hi, hw’d yu like t be ducked?"With that he picked me up and threw me int the deep end. I landed in a sitting psitin, and swallwed water. But I was nt frightened ut f my wits — when my feet hit the bttm, I wuld make a big jump t cme ut f the surface. It seemed a lng way dwn. I gathered all my strength when I landed and made what I thught was a great spring upwards. Then I pened my eyes and saw nthing but water. I tried t yell but n sund came ut. I went dwn, dwn, endlessly.
When I came t cnsciusness, I fund myself lying n the bed in the hspital.
I never went back t the pl. I avided water whenever I culd. This misadventure stayed with me as the years rlled by. It deprived me f the jy f bating and swimming. Finally, I decided t get an instructr. Piece by piece, he built a swimmer. Several mnths later, the instructr was finished, but I was nt. Smetimes the terrr wuld return.
This went n until July. I swam acrss the Lake Wentwrth. Only nce did the terrr return. When I was in the middle f the lake, I put my face under and saw nthing but bttmless water. I laughed and said, "Well, Mr.Terrr, what d yu think yu can d t me?"
I had cnquered my fear f water.
1.The authr’s riginal fear f water was caused by .
A. his pr skill in swimming
B. his mther’s warning f drwning
C. an uting t the beach with his father
D. an unpleasant memry f the pl
2.Why was the authr nt scared t death when he was thrwn int the water?
A. He knew hw t swim in the pl.
B. He felt that the YMCA pl was safe.
C. He was waiting fr thers t save him.
D. He came up with an idea f ging upwards.
3.By expressing "but I was nt" in Paragraph 5, the authr prbably means .
A. he was still a pr swimmer
B. he had nt vercme the fear yet
C. he was nt afraid f drwning any mre
D. he was nt satisfied with the swimming training
4.Which f the fllwing is the best title fr the text?
A. Gdbye, Mr.Terrr
B. Hell, Childhd Fear
C. A Swimming Adventure
D. My Passin fr Swimming
Passage 20[2021四省八校开学考]
The decisin n Tuesday by Japan and the Internatinal Olympic Cmmittee (IOC) t pstpne the Tky 2020 Olympic Games until next summer because f the COVID-19 pandemic must have been a hard ne t make.
Althugh the Games have been canceled — three times in all, in 1916, 1940 and 1944 — due t the tw wrld wars, in the mdern Olympics’ histry f mre than 120 years, never befre have any Games been pstpned t a different year.
Nnetheless, the decisin is the right ne. If it is nt brught under cntrl, the harm dne t human sciety by the pandemic culd be mre serius and far-reaching than even the tw wrld wars. Given the number f cuntries affected and scial and ecnmic shck waves that have been caused by the rapid spread f the virus, pstpning the Games is the nly right and sensible chice t make.
After all, nthing is mre imprtant than peple’s lives. Pstpning the Games nt nly safeguards the health f athletes, audiences and everyne invlved in the Games, but als reduces ptential transmissin f the virus frm ne place t anther. Even lking at it frm nly a sprting level, the pandemic has already caused huge disruptins t athletes’ training and the qualificatin prcess.
It is undubtedly a big blw fr Japan, which has prepared meticulusly fr the largest sprts event in the wrld, including renvating and upgrading its infrastructure and sprts venues, such as rebuilding Tky’s Olympic Stadium at a cst f $1.45 billin. Japan will suffer a huge lss, at least in the shrt term.
The internatinal cmmunity wes a big "thank yu" t Japan fr all it has dne fr the Games despite the pstpnement. That’s why the Games will still be called the Tky 2020 Olympic and Paralympic Games despite taking place in 2021. The Olympic flame will als remain stred and displayed in Japan.
Mre imprtantly, all members in the Olympic family, guided by the Olympic spirit f respect and understanding, are mrally bund t stand behind Japan t g thrugh this mst difficult mment in the Games’ histry.
1.What des the wrd "it" in Paragraph 3 refer t?
A. The decisin. B. The Games.
C. The pandemic. D. The war.
2.What des the underlined wrd"meticulusly" in Paragraph 5 prbably mean?
A. Wisely. B. Recently. C. Easily. D. Precisely.
3.We knw frm the passage .
A. the Games shuld be put ff in times f wars and disasters
B. the Games will still be called the Tky 2020 Olympic and Paralympic Games fr Japan’s sacrifice
C. pstpning the Games will have a bad influence n the athletes
D. the Olympic family will have t make up fr the lss f Japan
4.What can we learn frm the last paragraph?
A. The Olympic family will supprt Japan.
B. Japan will keep the Olympic flame burning.
C. Pstpning the Games will bring the wrld hpe.
D. Tky will becme the symbl f the Games.
Passage 21[2021山西大同学情调研]
An ageless questin: When is smene "ld"?
What des "ld" really mean these days? This isn’t a meaningless questin — nt nly des the definitin f "ld" have an utsized impact n hw we feel abut urselves (nt t mentin hw thers view us), it als matters t plicymakers determining hw t plan fr aging ppulatins.
The United Natins histrically has defined lder persns as peple 60 years ld r ver (smetimes 65). It desn’t matter whether yu live in the United States, China r Senegal, even thugh life expectancy is quite different in each f thse cuntries. Everyne becmes ld at 60.
Researchers Sergei Scherbv and Warren Sandersn, wh study aging, are suggesting verturning the ne-size-fits-all definitin f "ld". Instead, they talk abut "prspective age", which lks t the future. Everyne with the same prspective age has the same expected remaining years f life.
Scherbv explained that "yung" and "ld" are relative cncepts, and their cmmn reference pint is life expectancy. And that "ld" wuld vary between natins makes sense, especially between mre and less develped cuntries, with differences in educatin, death rates, access t health care and life expectancy.
But wh is "ld" als varies — widely — between individuals. The pint, says Scherbv, is that persnal age is dependent n ur "characteristics" — understanding abilities, disability, health histry and even educatin levels. Thse with mre educatin tend nt t smke, exercise mre frequently, have better diets and have regular checkups — and, therefre, live lnger, meaning the beginning f their ld age cmes later, says Scherbv.
1.What is the first paragraph mainly abut?
A. Hw we feel abut urselves.
B. The definitin f "ld".
C. The imprtance f the definitin f "ld".
D. The plan fr aging ppulatins.
2.What des the underlined phrase "prspective age" in paragraph 3 refer t accrding t the text?
A. The expected remaining years f ne’s life.
B. The beginning f ne’s ld age.
C. The differences f ur "characteristics".
D. The age when ne becmes ld.
3.What similarity des Scherbv think "yung" and "ld" have?
A. Understanding abilities. B. Natins.
C. Educatin. D. The reference pint.
4.Which f the fllwing helps ne t live lnger accrding t Scherbv?
A. As much exercise as pssible.
B. Lsing weight.
C. Studying histry.
D. Imprving the educatin level.
Passage 22[2021湖北武汉部分学校质量检测]
Never play games with a bt (rbt) — it will find a way t cheat if it can. A team frm OpenAI, an artificial intelligence lab in San Francisc, has develped artificially intelligent bts that taught themselves t cperate by playing hide-and-seek. The bts als learned hw t use basic tls t help win.
Bwen Baker at OpenAI and his clleagues wanted t see if the team-based dynamics f the OpenAI Five culd be used t prduce skills that culd ne day be useful t humans.
The researchers set their bts lse in a simulated(模拟的) envirnment filled with fixed walls, mvable bxes and ladders, and left them t play team games f hide-and-seek. The bts each had their wn view f the wrld and culdn’t cmmunicate with each ther directly.
At first, the hiders simply ran away. But they sn wrked ut that the quickest way t stp the seekers was t find bjects in the envirnment t hide themselves frm view. The seekers learned that they culd mve bxes arund and use them t climb ver walls. The bts then discvered that being a team-player — passing bjects t each ther r cperating n a hideut — was the quickest way t win.
But the real surprise came when the bts started making use f prblems r faults. Seekers fund that if they pushed a ladder twards a wall, they culd launch themselves int the air and spt hiders frm abve. Hiders fund that they culd get rid f the ladders by pushing them aside.
It shws that AI bts are able t find slutins that humans miss, says Baker. "Maybe they’ll even be able t slve prblems that humans dn’t yet knw hw t." Hwever, it is a large leap(跳跃) frm virtual hide-and-seek t real prblem-slving. "The main limitatin is that it is in simulatin," says Chelsea Finn at Stanfrd University.
1.Why did Bwen and his clleagues cnduct the research?
A. T teach bts t play games.
B. T train bts t use basic tls.
C. T find if bts may cheat like humans.
D. T see the ptential f bts’ cperatin.
2.What’s the third paragraph mainly abut?
A. The tls f the research.
B. The design f the research.
C. The cmpetitrs f the game.
D. The envirnment f the game.
3.What des the underlined wrd "It" in the last paragraph refer t?
A. Passing bjects. B. Mving bxes arund.
C. Making use f faults. D. Hiding themselves frm view.
4.What des Chelsea think f the finding f the research?
A. It can bridge a gap in the AI research.
B. It will nt be influenced by the real wrld.
C. It will definitely help the real prblem-slving.
D. It may nt be realized ut f the virtual wrld.
Passage 23[2021江西五校联考]
When we meet smene fr the first time, we usually get a vague sense f what kind f persn they are by the way they shake hands, talk r walk. In the age f scial netwrking, hwever, first impressins are smetimes made even befre we actually meet smene in persn — that is, by lking at their prfile pht.
Accrding t a recent study, these scial images say a lt abut ur persnality. In the study, a grup f researchers frm the University f Pennsylvania in the US used sftware t analyze the prfile pictures f 66,000 users f ne US scial platfrm. At the same time, abut 434 participants were asked t cmplete a survey abut their persnality type.
Accrding t the results, pen peple are mre likely t pse in an unusual way and use bjects such as glasses r a guitar in their prfile pht because they enjy new and exciting experiences. Meanwhile, neurtic peple ften hld back their negative emtins. They try t avid shwing their face; instead, they use an image f smething like a pet, a car r a building. That’s because neurtic peple are strngly influenced by the "strng scial nrm against a very sad r angry appearance in prfile pictures".
Apart frm the bjects in prfile pictures, the clrs used in them als give us sme infrmatin abut the pht’s wner. Fr example, extraverts were fund t have the mst clrful prfile images, as they want t emphasize their persnality and shw themselves ff.
Daniel Preiuc-Pietr frm the University f Pennsylvania wrte in the research paper, "Scial media phts usually represent an extensin f ne’s self, but they als allw a user t shape his r her wn persnality and idealized view." S, when chsing a prfile pht, maybe we shuld ask urselves first what kind f image we’d like t cnvey. After all, first impressins always last.
1.Why d neurtic peple ften avid shwing their face in their prfile pht?
A. Because they are fnd f pets, cars and buildings.
B. Because they want t enjy new experiences.
C. Because they dn’t want t expse their negative images.
D. Because they are nt cnfident abut themselves.
2.What des the underlined wrd in Para.4 refer t?
A. Open peple. B. Neurtic peple.
C. Negative peple. D. Ppular peple.
3.What is the writer’s attitude twards the chice f a prfile pht?
A. Casual. B. Cautius.
C. Wrried. D. Unclear.
4.What des this text mainly talk abut?
A. The relatinship between ne’s prfile pht and his persnality.
B. Sme advice n hw t chse a prfile pht.
C. The difference between pen peple and neurtic peple.
D. The imprtance f the first impressin.
Passage 24[2021吉林省吉林市第一次调研]
Inside the white, bacteria-free walls f a new building n the suthern utskirts f Beijing, tw emplyees wearing masks and rubber glves are busy injecting a clear, clrless liquid int rws f small bttles.
The 215,000 square feet prductin plant was built in recent mnths specifically fr prducing a COVID-19 vaccine (疫苗) develped by Chinese pharmaceutical cmpany Sinvac Bitech.
CrnaVac, the vaccine candidate frm Sinvac, is part f China’s push t be at the frefrnt f rlling ut immunizatins (免疫接种) against the deadly nvel crnavirus. The Nasdaq-listed bitech cmpany began develping its vaccine in late January.
By June, China had largely cntained the epidemic, dealing with nly a small number f utbreaks. Thse newly reprted COVID-19 cases in China didn't meet the necessary cnditins fr a Phase 3 trial, s Sinvac reached an agreement with Brazil — which then ranked secnd in the wrld fr cases f infectin, with mre than 3.6 millin reprted cases.
In cperating with the Butantan Institute in Sã Paul, a Phase 3 study was launched in late July invlving 9,000 vlunteers, all health prfessinals wh had wrked with COVID-19 patients but hadn’t been infected with the virus.
The tests are nging, but Dimas Cvas, president f the Butantan Institute, said Wednesday primary data shwed CrnaVac develped immunity in 97% f the peple vaccinated after tw dses — a level he said was "fundamental t break the chain f transmissin f the crnavirus".
1.Frm which f the fllwing is the text prbably taken?
A. A bilgy textbk. B. A news reprt.
C. A bk review. D. A travel brchure.
2.What des the underlined phrase "rlling ut" in Paragraph 3 mean?
A. Launching. B. Distributing.
C. Guarding. D. Burning.
3.What is the necessary cnditin fr a Phase 3 trial?
A. China’s successful cntainment f the epidemic.
B. A sufficient number f infected patients.
C. All health prfessinals and vlunteers.
D. The Nasdaq-listed bitech cmpany.
4.Which can be a suitable title fr the text?
A. The frefrnt: China’s push t develp a crnavirus vaccine.
B. Lckdwn: China’s successful mve t cntain the utbreaks.
C. Infectin: Brazil’s ranking secnd surprises the wrld.
D. Immunity: Brazil’s effrts t break the chain f transmissin.
题组4 词义猜测题
Passage 19
三岁时"我"随着父亲在海滩玩耍,曾被海浪撞倒过,自此"我"对水产生了恐惧;十一岁学习游泳时,"我"被一个男孩扔进游泳池,这次经历让"我"自此避免水。但"我"仍然想享受游泳的乐趣,于是"我"请了专业指导老师,指导结束后"我"仍然没有克服对水的恐惧。后来在一次游泳中,"我"终于克服了对水的恐惧。
1.C 考查细节理解。根据第二段,特别是该段前两句可知,作者对水的恐惧源于三岁的时候被父亲带到海滩,被海浪撞倒的经历,故C项正确。
2.D 考查细节理解。根据第三段中的"But I was nt frightened…t cme ut f the surface"可知,作者并没有吓得要死,因为他认为一旦他的脚着池底,他能猛跃,跳出水面。据此可知,作者并不害怕的原因是他想到了跳出水面的方法,故D项正确。
3.B 考查词义猜测。根据画线句的下句"Smetimes the terrr wuld return"可知,有时恐惧还会卷土重来;据此可以判断,画线句表示作者还没能克服恐惧,故B项正确。
4.A 考查最佳标题。结合全文内容可知,文章主要讲述了作者克服对水的恐惧的过程,故A项最适合作本文的标题。
Passage 20
日本为2020年东京奥运会做了精心的准备,但它却因新冠肺炎大流行病而被推迟到2021年,这对日本是一个巨大的打击。但是,这是一个正确的决定,应得到支持。
1.C 考查代词指代。根据第三段中的"If it is nt brught under cntrl, the harm dne t human sciety by the pandemic culd be mre serius and far-reaching than even the tw wrld wars"可知,如果不被控制,流行病对人类社会所造成的危害甚至比两次世界大战更严重,由此可知,"it"指代"流行病",故C项正确。
2.D 考查词义猜测。根据第五段中的"including renvating and upgrading its infrastructure and sprts venues, such as rebuilding Tky’s Olympic Stadium at a cst f $1.45 billin" 可知,日本对基础设施和体育馆进行翻新和升级,耗资14.5亿美元重建东京的奥林匹克体育场。由此可知,日本对这一体育赛事做了精心的准备。A项意为"明智地";B项意为"最近";C项意为"容易地";D项意为"精确地,认真地,一丝不苟地",故选D项。
3.B 考查细节理解。根据第六段前两句可知,国际社会应该感谢日本为奥运会所做的一切,这届奥运会尽管被推迟到2021年,但仍然被称为2020年东京奥运会和残奥会,由此可推知,因日本所做的牺牲,这届奥运会仍会被称为2020年东京奥运会和残奥会。故B项正确。
4.A 考查推理判断。根据最后一段内容可知,所有奥林匹克大家庭成员在奥运会尊重和理解精神的指引下,在道义上,一定会支持日本度过奥运会历史上最困难的时刻。由此可推知,奥林匹克大家庭会支持日本。故A项正确。
Passage 21
"一个人什么时候变老"是个永恒的问题。本文就此介绍了相关的研究情况。
1.C 考查段落大意。根据第一段第二句中的"nt nly des the definitin f ‘ld’…fr aging ppulatins"可知,本段主要讲的是对"老"的定义的重要性。故选C。
2.A 考查词义猜测。根据第三段最后一句"Everyne with the same prspective age has the same expected remaining years f life"并结合语境可推知,prspective age即the expected remaining years f life。故选A。
3.D 考查细节理解。根据第四段第一句中的"their cmmn reference pint is life expectancy"可知,"年轻"和"年老"的共同参照标准是预期寿命。故选D。
4.D 考查推理判断。根据最后一段最后一句中的"Thse with mre educatin tend nt t smke, exercise mre frequently, have better diets and have regular checkups — and, therefre, live lnger"可知,受教育更多的人活得更长,由此可推知,提高受教育水平有助于一个人活得更长。故选D。
Passage 22
本文主要介绍了一种通过玩捉迷藏自学合作技能的人工智能机器人,这些机器人还学会了使用基本工具来帮助自己获胜。
1.D 考查细节理解。根据第二段可知,OpenAI的Bwen Baker和他的同事们想看看OpenAI Five的人工智能机器人的团队互动能否被用来产生将来对人类有用的技能,故D项正确。
2.B 考查段落大意。通读第三段可知,该段主要介绍了研究的设计:研究人员将机器人置于一个充满固定墙壁、可移动的盒子和梯子的模拟环境中,让它们玩团队捉迷藏游戏;且彼此不能直接交流。故B项正确。
3.C 考查词义猜测。根据第五段第一句"But the real surprise came when the bts started making use f prblems r faults"可知,但真正令人惊讶的是,机器人开始利用问题或失误且第五段给出了相应的例子;结合尾段第一句可以判断,该句主语It指代的是"机器人利用错误",故C项正确。
4.D 考查推理判断。根据尾段尾句中Chelsea Finn所说的话"The main limitatin is that it is in simulatin"可知,Chelsea Finn认为主要的局限在于机器人的互动是处于模拟状态下的。据此可以判断,Chelsea Finn认为超出模拟范围,这种结果可能不会发生。故D项正确。
Passage 23
研究发现,头像照片与性格之间有一定的关系。性格外向者更倾向于在头像照片中摆不寻常的姿势,照片的颜色也最鲜艳,而神经质的人经常会抑制自己的负面情绪,避免展示脸。
1.C 考查细节理解。根据题中的neurtic peple定位到文章第三段中的"neurtic peple ften hld back their negative emtins"和"That’s because neurtic peple are strngly influenced by the ‘strng scial nrm against a very sad r angry appearance in prfile pictures’",由此可知,神经质的人避免展示他们的脸是因为他们不想暴露他们的负面形象,故C项正确。
2.A 考查词义猜测。画线词所在句的后半部分说的是因为他们想强调自己的个性,展示自己,因此可推断画线词意为"性格外向者",故A项正确。
3.B 考查观点态度。根据题干中的" the chice f a prfile pht"定位到文章最后一段中的"S, when chsing a prfile pht, maybe we shuld ask urselves first what kind f image we’d like t cnvey. After all, first impressins always last",由此可推知作者对选择个人头像照片持谨慎的态度,故B项正确。
4.A 考查主旨大意。通读全文可知,本文主要围绕一项研究展开,该研究探讨的是头像照片与性格之间的关系,故A项正确。
Passage 24
本文主要介绍了中国努力研制新冠疫苗的相关情况。
1.B 考查文章出处。通读全文内容可知,文章主要介绍了中国努力研制新冠疫苗的相关情况,据此可以判断,本文属于新闻报道,故B项正确。
2.A 考查词义猜测。根据画线词组后面的"against the deadly nvel crnavirus"并结合语境可知,此处表示推行防新型冠状病毒的免疫接种,故A项正确。
3.B 考查推理判断。根据第四段内容可知,截至6月,中国已基本控制住了新冠肺炎疫情,目前正在处理少量的疫情爆发;中国新发现的新冠肺炎病例不符合三期试验的必要条件,因此科兴生物技术公司与巴西达成了协议,巴西的感染病例数量当时在世界上排名第二,报告的感染病例超过360万。据此可以推断,三期试验的必要条件是要有足够数量的感染者。故B项正确。
4.A 考查最佳标题。通读全文可知,文章第三段中的"CrnaVac, the vaccine candidate frm Sinvac, is part f China’s push t be at the frefrnt f rlling ut immunizatins(免疫接种) against the deadly nvel crnavirus"点出了文章的主题,全文围绕中国努力研制新冠疫苗展开。故A项适合作本文的标题。 语篇类型
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