2022届新高考英语一轮复习 高频词汇集训 主题三 人与自然

这是一份2022届新高考英语一轮复习 高频词汇集训 主题三 人与自然，共6页。
第一部分　主题高频词汇 主题三　人与自然一、用括号中单词的适当形式填空——词形转换1.It has been universally 　　　　that it is the selfless devotion and sacrifice of doctors and nurses that ensures the success of the battle against the virus. Many moving reports have been written in 　　　　of their contribution.(acknowledge)  2.Seeing my anxious expression, my mother asked me　　　　 what had caused my　　　　.(anxious) 3.A large number of people have sent off 　　　　for the job. Some of the 　　　　may be disappointed because only one third 　　　　for it have the chance to be employed. (apply) 4.People should be 　　　　of environmental issues, so we organized an activity last weekend to raise people’s 　　　　of protecting the environment. (aware) 5.Having cleaned the sports facilities, the 　　　　went to the grassland to pick up the litter. After his thorough 　　　　, we saw a 　　　　community. (clean) 6.The company 　　　　into several departments. He will be sent to the sales 　　　　after graduation. (divide) 7.You are right. Regular exercise can keep you full of energy. Besides, enough sleep can make us 　　　　and enable us to perform well in exams.(energy) 8.　　　　, they did something illegal, but we couldn’t accuse them of guilt as we hadn’t found enough 　　　　. (evident) 9.Mary was too 　　　　to tell her family about the 　　　　scene because it almost 　　　　her to death. She was shaking with 　　　　at the thought of it. (frighten) 10.Smoking does great harm to the smokers’ health.Besides,it is also 　　　　(harm) to the people around.  11.It is our duty to make our world a more 　　　　(harmony) place to live in, so we should live in harmony with each other.  12.I am the 　　　　of the project but I can’t 　　　　all the work on my own. So my assistant helps me with the everyday 　　　　. (manage) 13.Many vegetables 　　　　because of the use of agricultural chemicals, while green food is free of 　　　　.(pollute) 14.The future of driverless cars is 　　　　. Even the experts in this field cannot make an exact　　　　because they think that not all factors can　　　　. (predict) 15.To escape the　　　　 is one of the most obvious reasons why people lie. No one likes 　　　　.(punish) 16.(1)I have a lot to say in　　　　 to this matter. (relate) (2)Tiredness is directly 　　　　to a driver’s response time. (relate) 17.I called to make a table 　　　　for two for seven o’clock, only to be told that all the tables 　　　　. (reserve) 18.The girl was 　　　　when she saw the 　　　　snake.(scare) 19.Over three hundred people 　　　　to death last year;in other words, they died of 　　　　. (starve) 20.　　　　of food are almost exhausted in the town, but the food　　　　cannot　　　　 more food to their customers. (supply) 21.He 　　　　the accident and became the only 　　　　. His　　　　 was really a wonder. (survive) 22.(1)When a fire broke out, help was 　　　　needed.(urge) (2)The most 　　　　thing was to make sure everyone went out of the building. So the firefighters 　　　　that people leave the building as soon as possible. (urge) 二、用括号内单词的适当形式填空——常见搭配1.The local hospital was one of the first to apply　　　　 (become) self-governing. 2.Some experts advocate 　　　　(improve) the way we use energy today. 3.You should be happy with what you already have and not risk 　　　　(lose) it by being greedy and trying to get more. 4.This is the best way I could think of to stop the students　　　　 (break) the rules. 5.Susan is slow in doing anything, so it is necessary to urge her　　　　 (complete) the work on time. 三、在空白处填入1个适当的单词——固定搭配1.Usually the discount in this shop only applies 　　　　children under the age of ten every winter. 2.Even though we may not be aware 　　　　it, our actions can stand for our thoughts.  3.Close to the school there was a beautiful park with many trees around it. Farther 　　　　the distance, I could enjoy the view of snowy mountains.  4.　　　　occurred to me that day that art and beauty are the common language of mankind. 5.She got into　　　　 panic when she thought she’d forgotten the tickets. 6.Last spring, I was fortunate to be chosen to participate　　　　the running of the club. 7.I think the boy has the potential 　　　　painting, but he needs training. 8.100 years ago, a big fire broke out in the old building, leaving it 　　　　ruins. 9.　　　　 first sight, there is nothing special about the watch, but in fact it is a mobile phone. 四、写出画线部分在语境中的含义——熟词生义1.When I met him in the town, he looked straight at me but did not acknowledge me, which made me annoyed.  　　　 2.(1)Pressure applied to the wound will stop the bleeding.                                             　　　 (2)New technology is being applied to almost every industrial process.                                 　　　 (3)Over the next months, he applied himself to improving the technique.                                 　　　 (4)Apply the glue to both surfaces.                                                              　　　 3."You have a balance of nine hundred dollars," says the bank teller.                                    　　　 4.He has been teaching for 30 years, and he still devotes himself to the cause of education.                  　　　 5.A man narrowly escaped death when a fire broke out in his home on Sunday morning.                     　　　 6.The research team are making their way to the west area with the purpose of finding where the river rises.     　　　 7.(1)He smoothed the way for us.                                                                 　　　  (2)Sally managed to smooth over the bad feelings between them.                                         　　　 (3)They are introducing new measures to ensure the smooth running of the business.                        　　　 8.They didn’t think much of it when they saw two cyclists repairing their bike on the side of the road.A bit later,they spotted what they assumed was a dog running alongside a man on a bike.                                                  　　　  五、用括号中动词的适当形式填空——不规则变化1.His careless driving caused a terrible accident. Therefore, he　　　　(ban) from driving for three years. 2.He is often found 　　　　(bury) in his work whenever I come here. 3.A heavy frost made the weather 　　　　cold. All the rivers 　　　　and some fragile plants　　　　 to death. (freeze) 4.Most of the old part of the city 　　　　(destroy) by bombs during the war in 1937.  5.A full moon 　　　　(light) up the sky. I invited all my family to appreciate it together. 6.Jack was working in the lab when the power cut 　　　　(occur). 7.The party’s share of the vote 　　　　(rise) from 11 percent to 21 percent in last month’s election. 8.A young boy climbed up the apple tree and 　　　　(shake) the branches so that the apples fell. 9.A good idea 　　　　me while I was walking along the river. (strike) 10.Teenagers climbed dozens of flights of stairs to deliver water and food to elderly people 　　　　(trap) in the high-rise building. 六、用括号中的参考词汇表达句子——写作1.近年来,人类不负责任的活动和自然灾害给我们造成了极大的损害。因此,我们应该与自然和谐相处,呵护地球,让它成为一个更好的家园。(harm, harmony)______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2.在附近社区倡导低碳出行给我的生活带来了很大影响。(advocate, affect)______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3.过度捕杀影响了野生动物的数量,有些动物灭绝了,有些处于危险之中。幸运的是,政府已经注意到这种情况并采取了一系列积极的措施。我们要努力保护环境,只有这样我们才能够成功地阻止这种情况恶化。(hunt, measure, protect, prevent)______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________  答  案主题三　人与自然一、用括号中单词的适当形式填空——词形转换1.第一空考查it is universally acknowledged that...,表示"普遍认为……",故填acknowledged; 第二空在介词后,应用名词,in acknowledgement of表示"对……的感谢",故填acknowledgement。2.第一空修饰动词asked,应用副词形式,填anxiously;第二空在形容词性物主代词my后,应用名词形式,填anxiety。3.第一空作宾语,应用名词,application表示"申请(书)"时,既可作可数名词,也可作不可数名词,故填application(s);第二空与Some of the一起构成主语,表示"申请人",填applicants;one third (of the applicants)与动词apply之间是逻辑上的主谓关系,故第三空用现在分词作后置定语,填applying。4.第一空填aware,构成固定搭配be aware of;第二空在名词所有格后,应该用名词,填awareness。5.第一空作主语,表示"清洁工",根据下文的his可知填cleaner;第二空作宾语,表示"打扫,清洁",填cleaning;第三空作定语,表示"干净的",填clean。6.第一空作谓语,divide与主语The company为被动关系,且表示客观情况,应用一般现在时的被动语态,填is divided;第二空与前面的the sales一起构成介词to的宾语,应该用名词,依据句意可知,填division,表示"部门"。7.空处作宾语补足语,表示"精力充沛的",填形容词energetic。8.第一空作句子的状语,应用副词形式,填Evidently;第二空作found的宾语,应用名词形式,填evidence。9.第一空作表语,表示主语Mary的感受,用形容词frightened表示"害怕的";第二空作定语修饰名词scene,用形容词frightening表示"骇人的";第三空作谓语,且事情发生在过去,故用动词过去式frightened,frighten sb. to death表示"把某人吓得要命";第四空作介词with的宾语,用名词fright表示"惊吓"。10.空处作表语,应用形容词形式,be harmful to表示"对……有害",填harmful。11.空处在此作定语,修饰其后的place,应用形容词形式,填harmonious。12.第一空用在定冠词the后面,表示"经理",填manager;第二空用在情态动词后且与之一起构成谓语,填manage,表示"管理";第三空作宾语,在此表示"管理",填management。13.第一空作谓语,描述的是一般事实,用一般现在时,且pollute与vegetables为被动关系,故填are polluted;第二空在介词后,应用名词形式,填pollution。14.无人驾驶汽车的未来是无法预测的。甚至这一领域的专家也不能做出准确的预测,因为他们认为并不是所有的因素都是可以预测的。根据句意可知,第一空表示"不可预测的",填unpredictable;第二空根据空前的an可知,空处应用名词,填prediction;第三空作谓语,在情态动词后,用动词原形,且predict与factors为被动关系,故填be predicted。15.第一空作动词的宾语,用名词punishment;第二空考查like doing sth."喜欢做某事",此处表示"被惩罚",填being punished。16.(1)此空考查in relation to"关于……",填relation;(2)此空考查be related to"与……有关",填related。17.第一空考查make a reservation,表示"预订",填reservation;第二空作谓语,all the tables与reserve之间为被动关系,且根据前文时态及语境可知,此处应用过去完成时的被动语态,填had been reserved。18.第一空作表语,表示"恐惧的,害怕的",填scared;第二空作定语,表示"吓人的",填scary。19.第一空作谓语,根据时间状语last year可知,应用一般过去时,填starved;第二空在介词后,应用名词形式,填starvation。20.镇上贮存的食物快吃完了,但是食品供应商无法给顾客供应更多的食物。第一空作主语,表示"供应量,储备",此处是可数名词,再结合are可知填Supplies;第二空作主语,表示"供应商",供应商不止一家,用名词复数,填suppliers;第三空作谓语,且位于情态动词后,填动词原形supply。21.他在事故中幸免于难,成为唯一的幸存者。他的幸存的确是一个奇迹。第一空作谓语,由and后的became可知,填动词过去式survived;第二空表示"幸存者",填名词survivor;第三空作主语,表示"幸存",填名词survival。 22.(1)空处作状语,表示"迫切地",填urgently。(2)第一空作定语,表示"紧急的",填urgent;第二空作谓语,表示"敦促",填urged。二、用括号内单词的适当形式填空——常见搭配1.to become　apply to do sth.表示"申请做某事"。2.improving　advocate doing sth.表示"提倡做某事"。3.losing　risk doing sth.表示"冒险做某事"。4.breaking　 stop sb. (from) doing sth.表示"阻止某人做某事"。5.to complete　urge sb. to do sth.表示"敦促某人做某事"。三、在空白处填入1个适当的单词——固定搭配1.to。 apply to适用于。2.of。 be aware of意识到。3.in。in the distance在远处。4.It。 It occurred to sb. that...某人想到……;同义表达有It struck sb. that...某人突然想到……。5.a。get into a panic陷入恐慌。6.in。 participate in参与。7.for。 have the potential for有……的潜力。8.in。 in ruins毁坏,严重受损。9.At。at fist sight乍一看,初次见到。四、写出画线部分在语境中的含义——熟词生义1.acknowledge熟义:v. 承认,感谢。此处表示"打招呼,理会",类似于greet。2.apply熟义:v.申请。在(1)中表示"按,压";在(2)中表示"应用,使用";在(3)中表示"勤奋工作";在(4)中表示"涂,敷"。3.balance熟义:n.天平,平衡 v.使保持平衡。此处用作名词,表示"余额"。4.cause熟义:v.引起 n.原因。此处表示"事业"。5.narrowly熟义:adv. 狭隘地。此处表示"勉强地"。6.rise熟义:v.上升,上涨,升起。此处表示"发源,起源"。7.smooth熟义:adj. 平整的,平坦的,光滑的。在(1)中smooth作动词,表示"使平坦";在(2)中作动词,smooth over表示"缓和";在(3)中作形容词,表示"平稳的"。8.spot熟义:n.斑点,污渍。此处作动词,表示"看见,看到"。五、用括号中动词的适当形式填空——不规则变化1.ban→banned→banned。所填词在句中作谓语,且与主语he构成被动关系,又根据caused可知,此处应用一般过去时的被动语态,填was banned。2.bury→buried→buried。所填词在句中作主语补足语,表示状态,且bury与主语He之间为逻辑上的动宾关系,故填过去分词buried。3.freeze→froze→frozen。第一空考查固定短语freezing cold,表示"极为寒冷",故填freezing;第二空表示"结冰",且根据第一句中的made可知,此处叙述的是过去的事情,填froze;第三空表示"(使)冻死",主动语态和被动语态均可,故填froze/were frozen。4.destroy→destroyed→destroyed。所填词在句中作谓语,主语与destroy之间为被动关系,再根据句中的时间状语in 1937可知,应用一般过去时的被动语态,故填was destroyed。应注意destroy为"元音字母+y"结尾的单词,其过去式和过去分词都是直接加-ed,不能将y变为i。5.light→lit→lit。所填词在句中作谓语,根据第二句中的invited可知,应用一般过去时,故填lit。6.occur→occurred→occurred。由主句的时态可知,从句谓语应用一般过去时,故填occurred。7.rise→rose→risen。根据时间状语可知,此处叙述的是过去的事情,应用一般过去时,故填rose。注意此处rise用作不及物动词,不用被动语态。8.shake→shook→shaken。根据climbed可知,此处应用一般过去时,故填shook。9.strike→struck→struck。所填词作谓语,由was可知,此处用一般过去时,故填struck。10.trap→trapped→trapped。所填词在句中作后置定语,修饰elderly people,应填过去分词trapped。六、用括号中的参考词汇表达句子——写作1.In recent years, people’s irresponsible activities and natural disasters have done great harm to us. Therefore, we should live in harmony with nature and take good care of the earth, making it a better home.2.Advocating low-carbon travel in the near neighborhood greatly affected my life.3.Excessive hunting and killing has affected the number of wild animals; some animals have died out and others are in danger. Fortunately, the government has paid attention to the situation and has taken a series of positive measures. We should try to protect the environment, and only in this way can we successfully prevent the situation from getting worse.