专题06：概要写作 -2022届上海高考名校模拟高三下试卷分项汇编 （含答案详解）

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2022年上海名校高三下试卷分项汇编集萃

Summary Writing 概要写作部分




1. 上师大附属外国语中学高三第二学期四月线上诊断
2. 上海第三女中2021-2022学年第二学期四月线上教学评估
3. 华东师大二附中2021-2022学年第二学期四月在线阶段检测
4. 2022年复旦附中第十二次拓展考试
5. 2022年上海中学东校高三英语阶段测试
6. 2021-2022学年敬业中学第二学期期中质量调研
7.上海市实验学校2021-2022学年第二学期高三四月线上考
8.上海市建平中学2021-2022学年高三下学期3月考试
9.上海市七宝中学2021-2022学年高三下学期3月考试
10.上海市交大附中2021-2022学年高三下学期摸底考试










1.上师大附属外国语中学高三第二学期四月线上诊断
Ⅳ. Summary Writing (10%)
Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Judging from recent surveys, most experts in sleep behavior agree that there is virtually an epidemic of sleepiness in the nation.“I can’t think of a single study that hasn’t found Americans getting less sleep than they ought to,” says Dr. David. Even people who think they are sleeping enough would probably be better off with more rest.
The beginning of our sleep-deficit crisis can be traced back to the invention of the light bulb a century ago.From diary entries and our personal accounts from the 18th and 19th centuries, sleep scientists have reached the conclusion that the average person used to sleep about 9.5 hours a night.”The best sleep habits once were forced on us, when we had nothing to do in the evening down on the farm, and it was dark.” By the 1950s and 1960s, the sleep schedule had been reduced dramatically, to between 7.5 and 8 hours, and most people had to wake to an alarm clock. “People cheat in their sleep, and they don’t even realize they’re doing it,” says Dr. David, ”They think they’re okay because they can get by on 6.5 hours, when they really need 7.5, 8 or even more to feel ideally vigorous.”
Perhaps the most merciless robber of sleep, researchers say, is the complexity of the day. Whenever pressures from work, family, friends and community increase, many people consider sleep the least expensive item on their program.” In our society, you’re considered dynamic if you say you need only 5.5 hours’ sleep. If you’ve got to get 8.5 hours, people think you lack drive and ambition.”
To determine the consequences of sleep-deficit researchers have put subjects through a set of psychological and performance tests requiring them, for instance, to add columns of numbers or recall a passage read to them only minutes earlier. “We’ve found that if you’re in sleep deficit, performance suffers,” says Dr. David, ”Short-term memory is weakened, as are abilities to make decisions and to concentrate.”
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【51题答案】
【答案】Sleep-deficit, a common phenomenon in America, is caused by several factors. Firstly, the invention of the light bulb has changed people’s lifestyle and shorten people’s sleep time by about 2 hours. Secondly, various pressures and misleading social concepts also contribute to sleep-deficit. Researchers have found out that sleep-deficit would influence us intellectually.
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了美国人睡眠缺乏的原因，以及睡眠不足会带来的影响。
【详解】1.要点摘录
①Judging from recent surveys, most experts in sleep behavior agree that there is virtually an epidemic of sleepiness in the nation.
②The beginning of our sleep-deficit crisis can be traced back to the invention of the light bulb a century ago.
③By the 1950s and 1960s, the sleep schedule had been reduced dramatically, to between 7.5 and 8 hours, and most people had to wake to an alarm clock.
④Perhaps the most merciless robber of sleep, researchers say, is the complexity of the day.
⑤In our society, you’re considered dynamic if you say you need only 5.5 hours’ sleep. If you’ve got to get 8.5 hours, people think you lack drive and ambition.”
⑥“We’ve found that if you’re in sleep deficit, performance suffers,” says Dr. David, ”Short-term memory is weakened, as are abilities to make decisions and to concentrate.”
2. 缜密构思
将要点1、6精简，将要点2、3，要点4、5进行整合
3.遣词造句
Sleep-deficit, a common phenomenon in America, is caused by several factors.
Firstly, the invention of the light bulb has changed people’s lifestyle and shorten people’s sleep time by about 2 hours.
Secondly, various pressures and misleading social concepts also contribute to sleep-deficit.
Researchers have found out that sleep-deficit would influence us intellectually.
【点睛】[高分句型1]Firstly, the invention of the light bulb has changed people’s lifestyle and shorten people’s sleep time by about 2 hours. （运用了and连接并列句）。
[高分句型2]Researchers have found out that sleep-deficit would influence us intellectually.（运用了that引导宾语从句）

2.上海第三女中2021-2022学年第二学期四月线上教学评估
Ⅳ. Summary Writing (10%)
51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Coco-Cola’s Innovative Solution to Plastic Pollution
Plastic pollution has become one of the most pressing problem of the 21st Century with plastic waste almost everywhere. It is estimated that just in 2016, the world produced over 320 million tons of plastic, and this number is set to double by 2034.
Plastic waste even makes its way into our oceans with 8 million pieces of plastic pollution per day polluting our waters and destroying the habitat for hundreds of species. It is now believed that there may be around 5.25 trillion pieces of plastic in the ocean weighing in total up to 269,000 tons. It’s been crystal clear for a long time that the situation is horrible and something needs to be done, and fast. Luckily, Coca-Cola stepped up to the challenge and came up with one innovative and rather effective solution. The firm is replacing its plastic wrapping in Europe with a new paper board technology.
This new tech is called the KeelClip and it is a first for the non-alcohol ready-to-drink (NARTD) industry. Using KeelClips, Coca-Cola aims to remove all plastic wrap from its can multipacks in all? European Union markets by the end of 2021. The firm is optimistic that the move will save 2,000 tons of plastic and 3,000 tons of CO2 annually.
“Innovation is a key principle of our sustainable packaging work and the application of this fully recyclable paperboard KeelClipTM, which is composed of a top board that the cans clip into and central cardboard ‘keel’ — similar to a ship’s keel — that stabilizes the pack, is another example of how we are delivering on our commitment to remove all unnecessary and hard to recycle single- use plastic from our products. We hope this eco-friendly initative is a conscious approach to dealing with plastic pollution,” said Joe Franses, Vice President, Sustainability at Coca-Cola European Partners.
【51题答案】
【答案】With plastic wastes invading the ocean and threatening marine lives, plastic pollution is among the most serious problems on the earth. To deal with the situation. Coca-Cola thinks of a creaive solution called KeelClip, which substitutes paper board for plastic wrapping, thus saving lots of plastic and CO2 annually. The case shows innovation behind Coca-Cola’s commitment to sustainable eco- friendly packaging.
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇概要写作。
【详解】这篇概写语言精练，从三方面概括了文章要点。根据第一段中Plastic pollution has become one of the most pressing problem of the 21st Century with plastic waste almost everywhere.(塑料污染已经成为21世纪最紧迫的问题之一，塑料垃圾几乎无处不在)可知，With plastic wastes invading the ocean and threatening marine lives, plastic pollution is among the most serious problems on the earth.(随着塑料垃圾进入海洋，威胁着海洋生物，塑料污染是地球上最严重的问题之一)；根据第二段中Luckily, Coca-Cola stepped up to the challenge and came up with one innovative and rather effective solution.(幸运的是，可口可乐公司接受了这一挑战，并提出了一个创新且相当有效的解决方案)和第三段中The firm is optimistic that the move will save 2,000 tons of plastic and 3,000 tons of CO2 annually.(该公司乐观地认为，此举每年将节省2000吨塑料和3000吨二氧化碳)可知，To deal with the situation. Coca-Cola thinks of a creaive solution called KeelClip, which substitutes paper board for plastic wrapping, thus saving lots of plastic and CO2 annually.(来处理这种情况。可口可乐公司想出了一种名为KeelClip的creaive解决方案，用纸板代替塑料包装，从而每年节省大量的塑料和二氧化碳)；再根据最后一段中Innovation is a key principle of our sustainable packaging work and the application of this fully recyclable paperboard KeelClipTM,(创新是我们可持续包装工作的关键原则，这种可完全回收的纸板KeelClipTM的应用)可知，The case shows innovation behind Coca-Cola’s commitment to sustainable eco-friendly packaging.(这个案例展示了可口可乐公司对可持续环保包装的承诺背后的创新)

3.华东师大二附中2021-2022学年第二学期四月在线阶段检测
Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. 
Chaco Great Houses
As early as the 12th century A.D., the settlements of Chaco Canyon in New Mexico in the American Southwest were notable for their “great houses,” massive stone buildings that contain hundreds of rooms and often stand three or four stories high. Archaeologists （考古学家） have been trying to determine how the buildings were used. While there is still no universally agreed upon explanation, there are three competing theories.
One theory holds that the Chaco structures were purely residential, with each housing hundreds of people. Supporters of this theory have interpreted Chaco great houses as earlier versions of the architecture seen in more recent Southwest societies. In particular, the Chaco houses appear strikingly similar to the large, well-known “apartment buildings” at Taos, New Mexico, in which many people have been living for centuries.
A second theory argues that the Chaco structures were used to store food supplies. One of the main crops of the Chaco people was grain maize（玉米）, which could be stored for long periods of time without spoiling and could serve as long-lasting supply of food. The supplies of maize had to be stored somewhere, and the size of the great houses would make them very suitable for the purpose.
A third theory proposes that houses were used as ceremonial centers. Close to one house, called Pueblo Alto, archaeologists identified a pile of old material which revealed deposits containing a surprisingly large number of broken pots. This finding has been interpreted as evidence that people gathered at Pueblo Alto for special ceremonies. At the ceremonies, they ate festive meals and then threw away the pots in which the meals had been prepared or served. Such ceremonies have been documented for other Native American cultures.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【51题答案】
【答案】Possible version:
While the precise function of Chaco great houses remains uncertain, there are three conflicting hypotheses. Firstly, they were supposed to be the houses for the similarity to later apartment buildings in New Mexico. Secondly, they were used for the storage of main crops. Thirdly, houses were considered to have held the ceremonies, based on the broken pots unearthed around.
The ancient settlements of Chaco Canyon, famous for great stone houses, remain mysterious as for their functions. First, they might be residential for apparent connection to Taos’. Alternative explanations include storing maize to secure food sources which require huge space and extended period. Finally, the ceremonial purpose is traced with the broken pots for festive meals documented in native culture.
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，虽然查科巨屋的确切功能仍不确定，但有三个相互矛盾的假设。首先，它们被认为是房子，因为它们与后来新墨西哥州的公寓建筑相似。其次，它们被用来储存主要农作物。第三，根据周围出土的破罐子，人们认为举行仪式的是房子。
【详解】1 要点摘录
①While there is still no universally agreed upon explanation, there are three competing theories.
②One theory holds that the Chaco structures were purely residential, with each housing hundreds of people.
③Supporters of this theory have interpreted Chaco great houses as earlier versions of the architecture seen in more recent Southwest societies.
④A second theory argues that the Chaco structures were used to store food supplies. Because they require huge space and extended period.
⑤A third theory proposes that houses were used as ceremonial centers. Such ceremonies have been documented for other Native American cultures.
2.缜密构思
将第1、4、5要点进行整合，将第2、3两个要点进行重组。
3.遣词造句
While the precise function of Chaco great houses remains uncertain, there are three conflicting hypotheses.
Firstly, they were supposed to be the houses for the similarity to later apartment buildings in New Mexico.
Secondly, they were used for the storage of main crops.
Thirdly, houses were considered to have held the ceremonies, based on the broken pots unearthed around.
【点睛】[高分句型1]：While the precise function of Chaco great houses remains uncertain, there are three conflicting hypotheses. 这句话运用了while引导让步状语从句。
[高分句型2]：Thirdly, houses were considered to have held the ceremonies, based on the broken pots unearthed around.这句话运用了过去分词作状语。

4. 2022年复旦附中第十二次拓展考试
IV. Summary Writing
51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
It is a common sight on campus or in the streets: a young person rides by on an electric scooter, traveling quickly and proudly. But Beijing’s traffic authorities have said that starting on Sept.5, people who are caught riding electric scooters on public roads or bicycle lanes will be fined 10 yuan. They will also be given a warning not to use the vehicles on public roads again.
The announcement was made after traffic police in Shanghai started a campaign to get electric scooters off public roads, with police officers stopping riders because the scooters could cause traffic problems.
The Beijing Consumer Association said it had tested more than 20 electric scooters of different brands recently and found that most had substandard brakes. It added that 16 of the tested scooters could go faster than the maximum 20 km per hour set for electric bikes. According to the traffic police, people who ride electric scooters at certain speeds can easily bump into the vehicles in the vehicle lane and hurt people who walk in the bicycle lanes.
But seeing the benefits that electric scooters have brought to young people, experts are worried that the ban may take effect slowly.
Electric scooters are a great answer to the ‘last mile problem’ of getting from a public transport station to one’s home. They’re light enough to throw over your shoulder. They’re easy to ride just about anywhere and don’t need a lot of physical effort. The scooter can travel 25 km on one charge. It’s convenient and easy to control.
They are also good for environment. Unlike cars and buses, electric scooters produce no carbon dioxide, need no fuel and make almost no noise.
For many young people, they use them to copy cool celebrities they have seen in videos.
【51题答案】
【答案】People riding an electric scooter on public roads will be fined from Sept. 5th . Because of the substandard brakes and fast speed, electric scooters are considered potentially dangerous for riders and walking people. Considering its advantage of being convenient, portable environment-friendly and fashionable, experts predicted the ban would take effect slowly.
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇议论文。根据刚制定的规则电动车因为安全问题不能在北京的道路上行驶，但由于在某些方面电动车有一定优势，所以可能不会那么快从道路上消失。
【详解】本篇要求考生写一篇总结，通过阅读文章我们可以从三个方面进行总结：1.根据法规电动车自9月5日起不能在北京道路上行驶；2.禁止电动车上路行驶的主要原因：刹车不达标，超速，威胁司机和行人；3. 由于电动车有一定优势，可能短时间内不会立即从路上消失。综上，故本文可总结为：People riding an electric scooter on public roads will be fined from Sept. 5th . Because of the substandard brakes and fast speed, electric scooters are considered potentially dangerous for riders and walking people. Considering its advantage of being convenient, portable environment-friendly and fashionable, experts predicted the ban would take effect slowly.

5. 2022年上海中学东校高三英语阶段测试
IV. Summary Writing 共10分
51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage. Use your own words as far as possible.
The Power of iPhone
Though Apple released data last week indicating iPhone sales may, at last, be slowing, one CEO recently explained why he thinks the smartphone has overturned our expectations of basically everything.
Harry West is the CEO of the global design and strategy firm Frog, which works with its clients “to anticipate the future”. In a conversation with The Huffington Post at the World Economic Forum in Davos, Switzerland, West credited Apple with transforming the way companies approach consumers and their own employees.
“Way back in the day,” West said, companies marketed their products as “military spec” and “industrial” to take advantage of the impression that these seemingly specialized products were of higher quality than consumer versions. In the 70s, 80s and 90s, this slowly gave way to the rise of “professional” products adapted to businesses and business people.
“That all changed after the coming of the iPhone in 2007,” he said. “Consumers began to use this amazing digital interface, and they liked it. They used it in their personal life and at home, and when they went back to work, they encountered this terrible ‘professional’ or ‘industrial’, or ‘enterprise’ product, and they realized how old-fashioned and inconvenient it was. They demanded change.”
That massive shift foreshadowed the downfall of BlackBerry and the weakening of the power of it departments — and it also forced companies to update the work experience of their employees, according to West.
“Companies need to hire millennials, and millennials refuse to work in these outdated, backward systems,” he said. “Not only is it uncomfortable, but it also indicates something wrong about the company. If your work experience is that old-fashioned, then what else is wrong in the company?”
【51题答案】
【答案】Harry West, the CEO of Frog, believes that the coming of iPhone has changed the expectations of today’s consumers and employees. Consumers want to use modern and convenient digital products like iPhone both at home and work; while companies are forced to improve the outdated work experience of their employees.
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，Frog的首席执行官哈里·韦斯特认为，iPhone的到来改变了今天的消费者和员工的期望。消费者希望在家里和工作中都能使用像iPhone这样现代化、便捷的数字产品；而公司被迫改善员工过时的工作经验。
【详解】1 要点摘录
①Harry West is the CEO of the global design and strategy firm Frog, which works with its clients “to anticipate the future”.“That all changed after the coming of the iPhone in 2007,” he said. “Consumers began to use this amazing digital interface, and they liked it.
②They used it in their personal life and at home, and when they went back to work, they encountered this terrible ‘professional’ or ‘industrial’, or ‘enterprise’ product, and they realized how old-fashioned and inconvenient it was. They demanded change.
③That massive shift foreshadowed the downfall of BlackBerry and the weakening of the power of it departments — and it also forced companies to update the work experience of their employees, according to West.
2.缜密构思 将第1个要点进行总说，将第2、3二个要点进行分说。
3.遣词造句
Harry West, the CEO of Frog, believes that the coming of iPhone has changed the expectations of today’s consumers and employees.
Consumers want to use modern and convenient digital products like iPhone both at home and work; while companies are forced to improve the outdated work experience of their employees.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Harry West, the CEO of Frog, believes that the coming of iPhone has changed the expectations of today’s consumers and employees. (运用that引导宾语从句对原文第四段进行了概括)
[高分句型2] Consumers want to use modern and convenient digital products like iPhone both at home and work; while companies are forced to improve the outdated work experience of their employees.(运用了while连接并列句，表示前后的对比，对倒数第二段和第三段进行了概括，表达非常高级)

6. 2021-2022学年敬业中学第二学期期中质量调研
IV. Summary Writing
51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in NO MORE THAN 60 WORDS. Use your own words as far as possible.
The lost art of listening
Do you think you’re a good listener? Chances are that you do. But studies show that most people seriously overestimate their ability to listen. The truth is we are generally not good at listening, and our listening comprehension declines as we age.
This was proven by Dr. Ralph Nichols, who conducted a simple experiment to test students’ listening skills. He had some Minnesota teachers stop what they were doing mid-class, and then asked students to describe what their teachers had been talking about. While older kids with more developed brains, are usually assumed to be better listeners, the results, however, showed otherwise: While 90 percent of first-and second-graders gave correct responses, this percentage dropped rapidly as the students got older.
One reason for our poor listening concerns the speed at which we think. The adult brain can process up to around 400 words per minute, more than three times faster than the speed an average person speaks. This means we can easily think about something else while someone is talking to us, allowing our mind to wander or get sidetracked. The younger students in Dr. Nichols’s experiment were better listeners partly because their brains were less developed — they lacked the extra brain power to be distracted.
Another factor that contributes to our poor listening is our ever-decreasing attention span. According to a Mircrosoft study, the age of smartphones has had a negative impact here. In 2000 — around the time the mobile revolution began — the average human attention span was 12 seconds; by 2013, it had fallen to 8 seconds. Even a goldfish — with an average attention span of 9 seconds — can hold a thought for longer!
More and more people now realize that listening is a skill that can be developed through practice. Learning to observe a speaker’s body language and emotions, for example, can improve our active listening. Even the simple act of note-taking or making eye contact can help us stay focused while listening.
【51题答案】
【答案】An experiment which shows that the younger students listen better than the older ones proves that our listening comprehension weakens as we get older. Not only are adults more easily distracted than the younger students but also our attention span leads to our poor listening. But people are increasingly aware that listening skill can be promoted by practice.
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了倾听能力的变弱，以及变弱的原因。
【详解】1.要点摘录
①The truth is we are generally not good at listening, and our listening comprehension declines as we age.
②This was proven by Dr. Ralph Nichols, who conducted a simple experiment to test students’ listening skills.
③While older kids with more developed brains, are usually assumed to be better listeners, the results, however, showed otherwise: While 90 percent of first-and second-graders gave correct responses, this percentage dropped rapidly as the students got older.
④One reason for our poor listening concerns the speed at which we think.
⑤Another factor that contributes to our poor listening is our ever-decreasing attention span.
⑥More and more people now realize that listening is a skill that can be developed through practice.
2.缜密构思
将①②③④⑤五个要点进行整合， 将⑥一个要点进行重组。
3.遣词造句
Our listening comprehension weakens as we get older.
Dr. Ralph Nichols’ experiment shows that the younger students listen better than the older ones.
Adults are more easily distracted than the younger students.
But more and more people are aware that listening skill can be promoted by practice.
【点睛】[高分句型1] An experiment which shows that the younger students listen better than the older ones proves that our listening comprehension weakens as we get older.(运用了which引导的定语从句)
[高分句型2] Not only are adults more easily distracted than the younger students but also our attention span leads to our poor listening.(运用了not only …but also句型，并且将not only放句首构成了倒装句)

7.上海市实验学校2021-2022学年第二学期高三四月线上考
IV. Summary Writing
51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Teaching Children about Forgiveness
If you’ve seen your children struggle to forgive someone for hurting them, you know that forgiveness is complicated. After all, forgiveness is complicated for adults, too. At times, we wonder why we’re trying to forgive someone anyway; later, we might think we’ve forgiven them, only to experience a sudden burst of anger. Indeed, it takes many years for us to grasp the meaning of forgiveness as we grow up.
It’s understandable that children may feel hurt or angry when a friend does something less-than-kind to them. Maybe the friend said something unkind or broke something precious, embarrassed them, excluded them, or told their secrets. Children may be tempted to get even with a friend who’s done them wrong, by doing something worse or telling everyone how terrible the friend is, but trying to get revenge only escalates (升级) the conflict.
Parents can play an important role in teaching children about forgiveness. Children watch how important adults in their lives respond when someone does something unkind. Do they complain to others or speak directly to the person involved? How long does it take them to get over being mad or hurt? How do they get over it? Parents can teach their children about the value of forgiveness by regularly practicing it in their own lives.
Sometimes parents can talk with their children about forgiveness, based on where kids are in their cognitive (认知的) and emotional development. For example, children need to understand that no one is perfect, so generously forgiving a well-meaning friend is a caring thing to do. If parents can help children see things a little more from other people’s perspective, this will make forgiveness easier. These conversations can change the way children think about forgiveness and help them emotionally recover when they inevitably experience harm and unfair treatment from others in life.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【51题答案】
【答案】Forgiveness is complicated and children’s understanding of forgiving develops as they grow older. Children may feel angry and want to revenge when they feel hurt or wronged. Parents need to be good role models themselves and have age-appropriate discussions with children to help them see things from other people’s perspective and better understand forgiveness.
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇概要写作。主要讲述了在孩子眼里，“原谅”这一过程的特征，以及作为父母应如何教导孩子学会原谅。
【详解】第一步：审题
时态：时态应为一般现在时。
人称：第三人称，避免第一人称使用。
注意事项：
1. 写出原谅这一过程特征，为什么要原谅。
2. 父母如何教导孩子学会原谅。
3. 避免摘抄原文词语，学会同义替换。
第二步：段落总结
第一段：对于孩子来说，原来是一个复杂的认知过程，需要花费很长时间才能明白。
第二段：在受到伤害时，反抗或报复是一种生理自然反应。
第三段：家长要树立榜样，教学生学习“如何学习原谅”（也是文章的过渡段落）。
第四段：提出一些指导原则，帮助孩子学会“原谅”。
第三步：语义合并
文章第二段和第一段可以合并，写出Forgiveness is complicated and children’s understanding of forgiving develops as they grow older. Children may feel angry and want to revenge when they feel hurt or wronged.
第三段和第四段可以并列，写出Parents need to be good role models themselves and have age-appropriate discussions with children to help them see things from other people’s perspective and better understand forgiveness.
第四步：润色修改

8.上海市建平中学2021-2022学年高三下学期3月考试
IV. Summary Writing
51. Directions: Read the following three passages. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Hardworking Brains
It's late in the evening: time to close the book and turn off the computer. You're done for the day. What you may not realize, however, is that the learning process actually continues - in your dreams. It might sound like science fiction, but researchers are increasingly focusing on the relationship between the knowledge and skills our brains absorb during the day and the fragmented, often bizarre(奇怪的)imaginings they generate at night. Scientists have found that dreaming about a task we've learned is associated with improved performance in that activity (suggesting that there's some truth to the popular notion that we're "getting" a foreign language once we begin dreaming in it). What's more, researchers are coming to recognize that dreaming is an essential part of understanding, organizing and keeping what we learn.
While we sleep, research indicates the brain replays the patterns of activity it experienced during waking hours, allowing us to enter what one psychologist calls a neural virtual reality. A vivid example of such replay can be seen in a video researchers made recently about sleep disorders. They taught a series of dance moves to a group of patients with conditions like sleepwalking, in which the sleeper engages in the kind physical movement that does not normally occur during sleep. They then videotaped the subjects as they slept. Lying in bed, eyes closed, one female patient on the tape performs the dance moves she learned earlier.
This shows that while our bodies are at rest, our brains are drawing what's important from the information and events we've recently encountered, then integrating that data into the vast store of what we already know. In a 2010 study, researchers at Harvard Medical School reported that college students who dreamed about a computer maze(迷宫)task they had learned showed a 10-fold improvement in their ability to find their way through the maze compared with participants who did not dream about the task.
Robert Stickgold, one of the Harvard researchers, suggests that studying right before bedtime taking a nap following a study session in the afternoon might increase the odds of dreaming out the material. Think about that as your head hits the pillow tonight.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【51题答案】
【答案】One possible version:
Learning continues in our dreams, which in turn improves our performance, and dreaming is key to comprehension, organizing and retaining knowledge. Brain replays the activity learned during the day and keeps drawing important information to integrate into existing knowledge. So we can try to study right before sleep.
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，学习在我们的梦中继续，这反过来提高了我们的表现，并且梦是理解、组织和保留我们所学知识的关键。大脑重放白天学到的活动，并不断地提取重要信息融合到已经存在的知识中，所以我们可以尝试在睡觉前学习。
【详解】要点摘录
①What you may not realize, however, is that the learning process actually continues - in your dreams.
②Scientists have found that dreaming about a task we've learned is associated with improved performance in that activity.
③What's more, researchers are coming to recognize that dreaming is an essential part of understanding, organizing and keeping what we learn.
④While we sleep, research indicates the brain replays the patterns of activity it experienced during waking hours, allowing us to enter what one psychologist calls a neural virtual reality
⑤This shows that while our bodies are at rest, our brains are drawing what's important from the information and events we've recently encountered, then integrating that data into the vast store of what we already know.
⑥Robert Stickgold, one of the Harvard researchers, suggests that studying right before bedtime taking a nap following a study session in the afternoon might increase the odds of dreaming out the material.
2.缜密构思将第1、2两个要点进行整合，将第3个要点进行概括总结，并重组1、2、3三个要点，将第4、5两个要点进行整合，将第6个要点进行概括总结。
3.遣词造句
Learning continues in our dreams, which in turn improves our performance, and dreaming is key to comprehension, organizing and retaining knowledge.Brain replays the activity learned during the day and keeps drawing important information to integrate into existing knowledge. So we can try to study right before sleep.
【点睛】[高分句型] Learning continues in our dreams, which in turn improves our performance, and dreaming is key to comprehension, organizing and retaining knowledge.(运用which引导非限制性定语从句)

9.上海市七宝中学2021-2022学年高三下学期3月考试
IV. Summary Writing
51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Different people may find that different learning methods work best for them. While some would turn to tutoring in order to get better grades, others choose to join study groups. In fact, many universities encourage their students to form study groups and make good use of them.
“Two heads are better than one.” That’s the simple idea behind study groups. By participating in a study group, students can benefit from some of their best academic resources: other students. They get to pick each other’s brains and improve their own understanding of different problems. Moreover, study groups can create the slightly tense atmosphere in which it's good to study. For example, some students tend to procrastinate (拖延) when they are studying by themselves: however, by joining a study group, they get to observe their peers who are working diligently and are likely to thus have motivation for working harder.
Study groups work best when they are small, but not too small-four to five participants is about right. And it’s necessary to make sure everyone has the same goal, to prepare for a particular test, to discuss class readings or to review the week’s lecture notes. Besides, socializing in the group would make studying more fun as long as it took up only a small portion of group study time.
In addition, to maximize the efficiency, some study groups like to assign members certain roles, and thus efficiency will be promoted. Besides an organizer, who gets group members to agree to a common purpose and a convenient time and place, there often is a group member playing the role of a source-seeker, whose duty is to remind group members to identify their sources. For instance, when a group member says “I read somewhere that...,” the source-seeker should ask for specifics. This person reminds the group that it’s important to know who said what and where it was said. And a gatekeeper, who tries to make sure that all group members are participating, may ask a direct question to help a shy person participate, or find a way to get a dominating member to listen.
【51题答案】
【答案】Many universities encourage students to take advantage of study groups for better grades, where students can not only get the best academic resources but motivate each other to work harder. Besides the small size, the same goal and not-too-long socializing could help study groups work best. If the members are assigned different roles, it will result in promoting the efficiency.
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了许多大学鼓励学生利用学习小组获得更好的成绩，在学习小组中，学生不仅可以获得最好的学术资源，还可以激励彼此更加努力地学习。除了规模小之外，相同的目标和不太长的社交活动也能帮助学习小组发挥最佳效果。如果研究小组中的成员被分配不同的角色，这将提高效率。
【详解】1.要点摘录
①While some would turn to tutoring in order to get better grades, others choose to join study groups.
②In fact, many universities encourage their students to form study groups and make good use of them.
③By participating in a study group, students can benefit from some of their best academic resources: other students.
④however, by joining a study group, they get to observe their peers who are working diligently and are likely to thus have motivation for working harder.
⑤Study groups work best when they are small, but not too small-four to five participants is about right.
⑥And it’s necessary to make sure everyone has the same goal to prepare for a particular test, to discuss class readings or to review the week’s lecture notes.
⑦Besides, socializing in the group would make studying more fun as long as it took up only a small portion of group study time.
⑧In addition, to maximize the efficiency, some study groups like to assign members certain roles, and thus efficiency will be promoted.
2.缜密构思将第1、2、3、4四个要点进行重组，将第5、6、7三个要点进行整合。
3.遣词造句
Many universities encourage students to take advantage of study groups for better grades, where students can not only get the best academic resources but motivate each other to work harder.
Besides the small size, the same goal and not-too-long socializing could help study groups work best.
If you have no enough time or enough money to go, chat online with those people who are familiar with the college.
【点睛】
[高分句型1] Many universities encourage students to take advantage of study groups for better grades, where students can not only get the best academic resources but motivate each other to work harder. (where引导非限制性定语从句)
[高分句型2] If the members are assigned different roles, it will result in promoting the efficiency. (If引导条件状语从句)


10.上海市交大附中2021-2022学年高三下学期摸底考试

IV. Summary Writing
61. Directions: Read the following three passages. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
On an October afternoon last year, James Vernon, 76, was supervising a youth chess club meeting in a conference room in the Morton Public Library in Morton, Illinois. About 16 kids, aged seven to twelve, quietly faced off at two horizontal rows of tables, and James walked from pair to pair, overseeing the matches and offering tips. Four mothers sat off to the side, waiting for their kids to finish the weekly hour-long session.
Suddenly, a stocky teenager wearing glasses burst through the door at the front of the room JTm gonna kill some people!" he yelled.
At first, James, who was standing in the aisle between the tables, thought the bizarre sight was a Halloween prank, but then he saw the five-inch hunting knives that the teenager was holding in each hand. The teen, whom police later identified as Dustin Brown, 19, shouted incoherently and began cutting his left forearm with one of die knives. "As soon as I saw those knives and he started shouting, I knew this wasn't a prank/9 says James. UI thought I can't let something terrible happen."
James, a former computer-systems architect, spent 44 months in the US Army from 1962 to 1966. He had been trained in hand-to-hand combat, but he decided not to do that and to attempt to calm the boy instead by talking to him. "Hey, who are you?" “Where do you go to school? What's the problem?" James asked the boy. "Let's talk about this. I'll listen."
“My life is terrible, Dustin replied as he peered down at the floor and continued to cut his arm. While James talked to Dustin on one side of the room, Sandy Rassi, 40, the mother of three of the chess students, stood up on the other side. When she heard James say, "It's about time for these kids to head home," she motioned silently for the children to quietly leave the room one by one.
When Dustin finally looked up, he saw that the chairs were empty, and he lunged at James.
“I think he attacked me because I was the only one left,” says James.
Dustin swung the knife toward the man's neck and face, but James caught the blade with his left hand. With his hand bleeding, James continued to fight. He grabbed the necklace Dustin was wearing with his right hand and jerked him forward. Then James pinned the boy onto a table on his left side, hitting the right side of his collarbone with his uninjured fist. "I was trying to get him to drop the knives," says James.
It worked. Dustin let go of both weapons, and James kept the attacker under control until Morton police officers arrived a few minutes later.
【答案】On an October afternoon last year, James Vernon was holding a chess class in a conference room，where 16 kids was having the matches under James Vernon's guide. A teenager broke into the room suddenly and wanted to kill some people. When James Vernon saw him holding the hunting knives, he tried to conciliate the boy by talking to him and then he motioned others to leave the room. When the boy saw the only one person left, he started to attack James Vernon. Although he was badly hurt, James Vernon controlled the attacker at last because he once served the Army.
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述去年10月的一个下午，詹姆斯·弗农(James Vernon)正在给孩子们上象棋课，一个十几岁的少年突然闯入房间，想杀人。起初，詹姆斯·弗农试图和男孩说话来安抚他，然后他示意其他人离开房间。当男孩看到只剩一个人时，他开始攻击詹姆斯·弗农。虽然詹姆斯·弗农伤势严重，但詹姆斯·弗农最终在警察到来之前控制住了袭击者。
【详解】1 要点摘录①On an October afternoon last year, James Vernon, 76, was supervising a youth chess club meeting in a conference room in the Morton Public Library in Morton, Illinois. About 16 kids, aged seven to twelve, quietly faced off at two horizontal rows of tables, and James walked from pair to pair, overseeing the matches and offering tips. ②Suddenly, a stocky teenager wearing glasses burst through the door at the front of the room I’m gonna kill some people!" he yelled.
③He had been trained in hand-to-hand combat, but he decided not to do that and to attempt to calm the boy instead by talking to him.
④With his hand bleeding, James continued to fight.
⑤Dustin let go of both weapons, and James kept the attacker under control until Morton police officers arrived a few minutes later.
2.缜密构思将第1、2,、3三个要点进行重组，将第4、5两个要点进行整合。3.遣词造句
On an October afternoon last year, James Vernon was having a chess class for his 16 students, who were having matches with the guide of James Vernon's.
A teenager who wanted to kill some people broke into the room suddenly.
James Vernon was badly hurt, but he controlled the attacker at last as he was in uniform.
【点睛】[高分句型1] ：On an October afternoon last year, James Vernon was holding a chess class in a conference room, where 16 kids was having the matches under James Vernon's guide.运用一个复杂的主从复合句对原文第一段和第二段进行了概括。其中where引导的定语从句表达高级。[高分句型2]：When James Vernon saw him holding the hunting knives, he tried to conciliate the boy by talking to him and then he motioned others to leave the room. 用when引导时间状语从句对第四、五段进行了概括，加上see sb. doing的结构等表达非常高级。