专题01 阅读理解（第3期）-2022届下学期新高考名校英语好题速递分项汇编

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专题01 阅读理解（第3期）-2022届新高考名校英语好题速递分项汇编
阅读理解【2022届福建省龙岩市高中毕业班第一次教学质量检测（一模）】
These Christmassy reads are sure to keep you feeling warm and fuzzy (迷糊的) inside as the long winter nights draw in.
Wintering: The Power of Rest and Retreat in Difficult Times by Katherine May
May writes sadly about her experience of her husband’s sudden illness and how this event caused major life shifts, both personally and professionally. Her descriptions of staying with the Samí people when visiting Troms, of sea swimming in the winter, of a solstice (冬至) spent at Stonehenge, and the making of slow-cooked meals provides relief when reading alongside such honest descriptions of her own periods of Wintering.
The Christmas Chronicles for Midwinter by Nigel Slater
Nigel Slater describes himself as “a cook who writes” and this sensually written book contains the basic elements of the festive season: food, homesickness, and generosity.
Part memoir (回忆录), part recipe book interwoven with myth and folktale, Slater shares his love for winter through his warm narrative voice. As he says, “The simple act of making someone something to eat, even a bowl of soup or a loaf of bread, has a many-layered meaning. It suggests an act of protection and caring, of generosity and a close interpersonal relationship.”
Hercule Poirot’s Christmas by Agatha Christie
I for one cannot resist a good detective novel, especially one set during Christmas. Our beloved detective Hercule Poirot is charged with solving the bloody murder of multimillionaire Simeon Lee, which takes place on Christmas Eve following a family gathering. Christie’s trademark dilemma takes the form of a murder in a room locked from the inside…
A satisfying read filled with all the elements I love most about a good Victorian detective novel: a strikingly old-fashioned village, a murder-mystery set in a country estate, and unreliable characters.
1．What sense probably occurs to a reader when reading Wintering?
A．Sadness. B．Comfort.
C．Loneliness. D．Amazement.
2．Hercule Poirot’s Christmas is _________.
A．set in a modern city B．popular with detectives
C．concerned with a wealthy person D．meant for Christmas celebrators
3．Whose read may best convey the deep nature of food?
A．May. B．Agatha Christie.
C．Nigel Slater. D．The writer of this text.
【答案】1．A2．C3．C
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章推荐了三本给漫长的冬夜带来温暖的书籍。
1．推理判断题。根据Wintering: The Power of Rest and Retreat in Difficult Times by Katherine May部分“May writes sadly about her experience of her husband’s sudden illness and how this event caused major life shifts, both personally and professionally.(梅在书中悲伤地讲述了她丈夫突然生病的经历，以及这件事如何给她的个人生活和职业生活带来了重大改变)”可知，在Wintering一书中，作者悲伤地讲述了生活中遭受的变故，由此推知，读者在阅读时也会感受到作者的悲伤。故选A项。
2．细节理解题。根据Hercule Poirot’s Christmas by Agatha Christie部分“Our beloved detective Hercule Poirot is charged with solving the bloody murder of multimillionaire Simeon Lee, which takes place on Christmas Eve following a family gathering.(我们深爱的侦探赫尔克里·波洛肩负着侦破百万富翁西蒙·李谋杀案的任务，案件发生在圣诞夜的一次家庭聚会之后)”可知，在Hercule Poirot’s Christmas一书中，百万富翁西蒙·李被谋杀了。故选C项。
3．细节理解题。根据The Christmas Chronicles for Midwinter by Nigel Slater部分“Nigel Slater describes himself as “a cook who writes” and this sensually written book contains the basic elements of the festive season: food, homesickness, and generosity.(奈杰尔·斯莱特称自己是一个会写作的厨师，这本感性的书包含了节日的基本元素:食物、思乡和慷慨)”和“The simple act of making someone something to eat, even a bowl of soup or a loaf of bread, has a many-layered meaning. It suggests an act of protection and caring, of generosity and a close interpersonal relationship.(给某人做点吃的东西，哪怕是一碗汤或一块面包，都有着多层次的含义。它暗示着一种保护和关怀的行为，慷慨和亲密的人际关系)”可知，Nigel Slater的书中揭示了食物的本质。故选C项。
According to Gelb, although not everyone is born with the gifts and the capacities of Leonardo Da Vinci, it is possible for any person to use the fundamentals of Da Vinci’s approach to learning to guide us toward the realization of our inner Da Vinci. One typical fundamental is curiosity. Curiosity is “The desire to know is natural to good men.” — Leonardo Da Vinci
The young Leonardo loved being in nature, showed an early gift for drawing and was fascinated by mathematics. Young Leonardo’s Curiosity regarding education and mathematics especially often raised constant unsureness and difficulties for the teachers who taught him and continuously proved them to be wrong. Most children have in them endless amounts of curiosity and sense of wonder. Unfortunately for multiple reasons these qualities are lost as children reach adulthood, not Leonardo though. Perhaps one of his greatest characteristics was his willingness to question accepted knowledge. Leonardo’s Curiosity never faded and fueled the lake of his genius for his entire life. Leonardo’s motives were not money, women or loyalty to any church or person. His pursuits were pure: the long search for beauty and above all: truth.
Leonardo would wonder around asking questions he did not himself yet understand. He always carried a notebook with himself so that he could quickly write down hundreds of questions, ideas, thoughts, impressions and observations as they occurred. He was expectant and reliant only upon himself to answer his own questions. Being modest, he was not afraid to make mistakes and appear foolish. Leonardo accepted the feelings of unfamiliarity and foolishness.
His questions led him to designing a snorkel (水下呼吸器) as well as diving equipment and even a submarine and also inventing flying machines and a parachute. His curiosity took him under the water and into the sky.
4．What does the underlined words “Da Vinci” refer to?
A．Potential. B．Curiosity.
C．Honesty. D．Motive.
5．What was most typical of the young Leonardo?
A．Educating kids. B．Seeking for love.
C．Appreciating nature. D．Questioning his teachers.
6．What can be learned about Leonardo’s sense of curiosity from the text?
A．It fooled himself.
B．It made him independent.
C．It inspired his whole life.
D．It disappeared in his adulthood.
7．Which saying can best reflect Leonardo Da Vinci?
A．An idle youth, a needy age.
B．First come, first served.
C．Stay hungry, stay foolish.
D．Nothing ventured, nothing gained.
【答案】4．A5．D6．C7．C
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了好奇心伴随列奥纳多·达·芬奇一生，并造就了达·芬奇的伟大。
4．词句猜测题。根据上文“although not everyone is born with the gifts and the capacities of Leonardo Da Vinci, it is possible for any person to use the fundamentals of Da Vinci’s approach to learning to guide us toward the realization of our inner Da Vinci.(虽然并不是每个人都具有列奥纳多·达·芬奇的天赋和能力，但任何人都可以利用达·芬奇学习方法的基本原理来引导我们实现内心的Da Vinci)”中“not everyone is born with the gifts and the capacities of Leonardo Da Vinci”和“use the fundamentals of Da Vinci’s approach to learning to guide us toward the realization of our inner Da Vinci”可知，尽管并不是每个人都有像列奥纳多·达·芬奇一样的天赋和能力，但使用他的方法也能让自己成为“Da Vinci”，即：方法恰当，也可激发潜能，成为达·芬奇一样的人，结合选项，划线词指代potential，指“潜力，潜能”。故选A项。
5．推理判断题。根据第二段“Young Leonardo’s Curiosity regarding education and mathematics especially often raised constant unsureness and difficulties for the teachers who taught him and continuously proved them to be wrong.(小列奥纳多对教育和数学的好奇经常给教他的老师带来不确定和困难，并不断证明他们是错的)”和“Perhaps one of his greatest characteristics was his willingness to question accepted knowledge.(也许他最大的特点之一是他愿意质疑公认的知识)”可推知，年轻的达芬奇最典型的特征是质疑他的老师。故选D项。
6．细节理解题。根据第二段“Leonardo’s Curiosity never faded and fueled the lake of his genius for his entire life.(列奥纳多的好奇心从未减退，并一直助力他天才的一生)”可知，列奥纳多的好奇心从未减退，并一直激发着他的一生。故选C项。
7．推理判断题。通读全文可知，并结合第三段“Leonardo would wonder around asking questions he did not himself yet understand.(列奥纳多会问一些他自己也不明白的问题)”和“Being modest, he was not afraid to make mistakes and appear foolish.(由于谦虚，他不怕犯错误，不怕显得愚蠢。)”可知，文章介绍了伴随列奥纳多·达·芬奇一生的优秀品质：好奇心。正是对于真理的渴求和无惧无知造就了达·芬奇的伟大，所以“Stay hungry, stay foolish.(求知若饥，虚心若愚 )”是达·芬奇一生的真实写照。故选C项。
C【2022届福建省龙岩市高中毕业班第一次教学质量检测（一模）】
Often when we think of taking some time out and having a little R&R, the image that comes to mind is that of being very still with the aim of moving as little as possible. Rest, we have come to learn, means sitting down, putting our feet up and unburdening ourselves.
This is all good and well, and as a working mother of two, I completely appreciate the physical exhaustion that comes from standing for literally hours followed by the cool wave of relief that radiates from the soles of my feet upwards when I finally sit down. What better way to do that than a day spent doing nothing?
So why, then, do I still find myself exhausted in the evening? I’ve done hardly any physical activity at all, and how can I possibly be this tired? The answer, I realized, is down to the fact that I wasn’t getting enough cognitive rest. Surfing, texting and answering emails, engaging with people online, the news cycle and the endless worries, all of this can take place while a person is fully curled up on the sofa in pajamas. All these things inhibit us from receiving enough mental rest.
I caught up with CBT therapist Charlotte Luscombe who shared with me the importance of switching off mentally as well as physically. She explains, “We can be physically still and resting but that does not mean our bodies are in a relaxed state. Our minds can continue to race and can cause anxiety when doing so.”
And what suggestions does Charlotte have for busy-minded individuals like me? “Active rest,” She tells me, “activities that help you to engage your mind can help you to relax even if you are physically doing something, as this encourages cognitive rest. They can be yoga, walking, reading, coloring etc. Even doing something active with your mind engaged will be more restful than sitting down but worrying for hours.”
8．What is Paragraph 1 mainly about?
A．The manner of sitting. B．The common sense of rest.
C．The definition of a still life. D．The physical tiredness.
9．What does the underlined word “inhibit” in Paragraph 3 mean?
A．Protect. B．Prevent. C．Separate. D．Save.
10．How can a busy-minded person stay more relaxed according to Charlotte?
A．Interacting online. B．Doing nothing at home.
C．Focusing on reading. D．Going to a therapist.
11．What would be the best title for this text?
A．How to Correctly Sit Down B．How to Timely Deal with Worries
C．How to Properly Rest Your Brain D．How to Fully Engage Your Mind
【答案】8．B9．B10．C11．C
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章先是解释了人们对于休息的一般看法，接着提出无所事事并不能帮助大脑完全放松。这是因为没有得到足够的认知休息，介绍了一些有助于大脑休息的建议。
8．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Often when we think of taking some time out and having a little R&R, the image that comes to mind is that of being very still with the aim of moving as little as possible. Rest, we have come to learn, means sitting down, putting our feet up and unburdening ourselves.(当我们想到要花点时间休息时，脑海中浮现的画面往往是静止不动，目标是尽可能少动。我们已经学会了休息意味着坐下来，放松我们的双脚，释放我们自己的负担)”可知，第一段主要讲的是休息的常识。故选B。
9．词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“Surfing, texting and answering emails, engaging with people online, the news cycle and the endless worries, all of this can take place while a person is fully curled up on the sofa in pajamas. All these things”以及后文“us from receiving enough mental rest”可知，上网、发短信、回邮件、在网上与人交流、看新闻以及无休止的担忧，所有这些都可能发生在一个人穿着睡衣完全蜷缩在沙发上的时候，所有这些事情都阻止我们得到足够的精神休息。故画线词意思是“阻止”。A. Protect.保护；B. Prevent.阻止；C. Separate.分开；D. Save.拯救。故选B。
10．细节理解题。根据最后一段“And what suggestions does Charlotte have for busy-minded individuals like me? “Active rest,” She tells me, “activities that help you to engage your mind can help you to relax even if you are physically doing something, as this encourages cognitive rest. They can be yoga, walking, reading, coloring etc. Even doing something active with your mind engaged will be more restful than sitting down but worrying for hours.”(对于像我这样忙碌的人，夏洛特有什么建议吗？“积极的休息，”她告诉我，“即使你在体力上做一些事情，帮助你投入大脑的活动也能帮助你放松，因为这能鼓励认知休息。它们可以是瑜伽、散步、阅读、涂色等。即使是脑力活动，也比坐着焦虑几个小时更能让人放松。”)”可知，一个忙碌的人可以专注阅读来放松。故选C。
11．主旨大意题。根据倒数第二段“I caught up with CBT therapist Charlotte Luscombe who shared with me the importance of switching off mentally as well as physically. She explains, “We can be physically still and resting but that does not mean our bodies are in a relaxed state. Our minds can continue to race and can cause anxiety when doing so.”(我找到了CBT治疗师Charlotte Luscombe，她和我分享了心理和身体关闭的重要性。她解释说：“我们可以保持身体静止并休息，但这并不意味着我们的身体处于放松的状态。我们的思维可能会继续竞赛，这样做会导致焦虑。”)”结合文章先是解释了人们对于休息的一般看法，接着提出无所事事并不能帮助大脑完全放松。这是因为没有得到足够的认知休息，介绍了一些有助于大脑休息的建议。可知，C选项“如何让大脑得到适当的休息”最符合文章标题。故选C。
You improve your robot’s software by improving its software. Agrim Gupta of Stanford University, however, begs to differ. He thinks you can also improve a robot’s software by improving its hardware. He and his colleagues have invented a way of testing this idea.
They brought to their robots, unimals, the principles of evolution (进化) by natural selection. Unimals, with globes for heads and sticks for arms and legs, are software beings interacting with a virtual environment. The environments where they wandered were in three varieties: flat grounds, grounds with hills and steps, and ones that had the complexities of the second sort, but with added objects.
To begin with, the unimals were randomly assigned various shapes, but with identical software— derl. Newly created unimals learned to face the challenges in a virtual bootcamp. They were then entered into tournaments in groups. Each group winner was awarded one mutation (变异) —one extra arm or leg, or one extra turning in a joint. The new replaced the oldest unimal and then was assigned to a new group, and the process repeated. About 4,000 varieties of them underwent training.
The team were surprised by the diversity of shapes that evolved. Crucially, though, the researchers found the most successful unimals learned tasks in half the time their oldest ancestors had taken, and that those evolving in the toughest grounds were the most successful.
In this evolution of unimals’ morphology (形态) to promote the ability to learn, Dr Gupta sees a version of something called the Baldwin effect. In 1896 James Baldwin, a psychologist, argued that minds evolve to make the best use of the morphologies of the bodies. What Dr Gupta has shown, though in software, is that the opposite can also be true — changes in body morphology can improve the way minds work. Even though he held the software constant, it became more efficient at learning as the unimals’ bodies evolved.
Whether that discovery can be turned to account in the way robots are developed remains to be seen. But the way of testing is certainly an out-of-the-box idea.
12．How was the test conducted?
A．By promoting Unimals’ learning. B．By adjusting the environments.
C．By proving the evolution theory. D．By stimulating unimals’ mutation.
13．What turned out to be surprising in the test?
A．The number of trained unimals. B．The decline in time for learning tasks.
C．The variety of evolved shapes. D．The replacement of old unimals.
14．What can be concluded from the test?
A．Mind evolution affects body shaping.
B．Body changes better mind work.
C．Hardware changes do not impact software.
D．The discovery is useful in robot development.
15．What’s the author’s attitude to the finding?
A．Negative. B．Objective.
C．Indifferent. D．Approving.
【答案】12．B13．C14．B15．B
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲了你通过改进机器人的软件来改进它的软设备。然而，斯坦福大学的阿格里姆•古普塔却不这么认为。他认为还可以通过改进硬件来改进机器人的软件。他和他的同事们发明了一种方法来验证这个想法。
12．推理判断题。根据第二段“They brought to their robots, unimals, the principles of evolution (进化) by natural selection. Unimals, with globes for heads and sticks for arms and legs, are software beings interacting with a virtual environment. The environments where they wandered were in three varieties: flat grounds, grounds with hills and steps, and ones that had the complexities of the second sort, but with added objects.(他们给他们的机器人，unimals，带来了自然选择的进化原则。Unimals的头是地球仪，四肢是棍子，它们是与虚拟环境互动的软件生物。它们漫游的环境有三种：平地，有山丘和台阶的地面，以及第二种复杂的环境，但添加了物品)”可知，通过调整环境，来进行试验。故选B。
13．细节理解题。根据第四段“The team were surprised by the diversity of shapes that evolved.(研究小组对进化出的形状的多样性感到惊讶)”可知，测试中令人惊讶的是进化出的各种形状。故选C。
14．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“What Dr Gupta has shown, though in software, is that the opposite can also be true — changes in body morphology can improve the way minds work.(古普塔博士的研究表明，尽管是在软件上，相反的情况也可能是真的——身体形态的改变可以改善大脑的工作方式)”可推知，身体的变化使大脑工作得更好。故选B。
15．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Whether that discovery can be turned to account in the way robots are developed remains to be seen. But the way of testing is certainly an out-of-the-box idea.(这一发现是否能在机器人的开发中发挥作用还有待观察。但测试的方法确实是一个创新的想法)”可推知，作者对这一发现持客观的态度。故选B。
阅读理解【2022届山东省菏泽市高三第一次模拟考试（一模）】
Want to feel more satisfied with life? We picked out these 5 books that will promote your life in 2022.
Finding Your Element by Ken Robinson
Everyone has a passion. If you don’t know what yours is, it just means you haven’t discovered it yet. Or perhaps you have, but it was dismissed early in life. Find out how you can break daily routine and find your calling in life.
Emotional Intelligence by Daniel Goleman
Did you know if your pulse rate rises above 100 bpm, you’re likely too emotional to think calmly? You probably let feelings cloud your judgment more often than you know. Goleman explains how you can avoid letting your emotions rule you and make better decisions in life.
How Will You Measure Your Life? by Clayton M. Christensen, James Allworth and Karen Dillon
Are you making the right balance in life? While career achievements can be satisfying, neglecting your family and friends can be harmful in the long run—in ways you can’t even imagine.
How to Stop Worrying and Start Living by Dale Carnegie
Ever wondered why you can’t stop worrying about something? No matter how hard you try, are you focused on the same issue? By defining the source of your stress, you can get over it once and for all. Carnegie came up with a timeless formula (公式) that helps you tackle any overthinking situation.
Thirteen Things Mentally Strong People Don’t Do by Amy Morin
Do you struggle to get over your failures? Or concentrate on things out of your control? Getting over these obstacles can have a significant influence on your everyday life. Morin shares how her most successful therapy patients overcame these difficulties.
1．In which aspect do all the five books benefit their readers?
A．Offering them medical treatments. B．Teaching them how to survive longer.
C．Giving them appropriate life guidance. D．Helping them solve any life challenge.
2．When are you most likely to make a wise decision?
A．When you ignore your friends. B．When you break daily routine.
C．When you control your emotion. D．When you overthink the same issue.
3．Which book is most helpful for people struggling against failures?
A．Finding Your Element. B．How Will You Measure Your Life.
C．How to Stop Worrying and Start Living. D．Thirteen Things Mentally Strong People Don’t Do.
【答案】1．C2．C3．D
【解析】这是一篇应用文。本文向读者详细介绍了五本提升生活质量的指导书。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Want to feel more satisfied with life? We picked out these 5 books that will promote your life in 2022.(想对生活更满意吗？我们挑选了这5本书，将在2022年提升你的生活)”可知，这是五本帮助读者提升生活的指导书。因此，这五本书对读者有益的方面是C项“Giving them appropriate life guidance.(给他们适当的生活指导)”符合题意，故选C项。
2．推理判断题。根据第三段“Did you know if your pulse rate rises above 100 bpm, you're likely too emotional to think calmly? You probably let feelings cloud your judgment more often than you know. Goleman explains how you can avoid letting your emotions rule you and make better decisions in life. (你知道吗，如果你的脉搏频率上升到100次/分以上，你可能太情绪化而无法冷静思考？你可能比你所感觉的更经常地影响你的判断。戈尔曼解释了如何避免让情绪支配自己，并在生活中做出更好的决定)”可知，当一个人太情绪化的时候，无法冷静思考，可能做出错误的判断，可推知，人在能控制自己情绪的、冷静的时候，是最有可能做出明智决定的。因此，你最有可能做出明智的决定的时候是C项“When you control your emotion.(当你控制自己的情绪时)”符合题意，故选C项。
3．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Thirteen Things Mentally Strong People Don’t Do by Amy Morin
Do you struggle to get over your failures? Or concentrate on things out of your control? Getting over these obstacles can have a significant influence on your everyday life (艾米·莫林的《精神坚强的人不会做的十三件事》你会努力克服失败吗？还是专注于你无法控制的事情？克服这些障碍会对你的日常生活产生重大影响)”可知，艾米·莫林的《精神坚强的人不会做的十三件事》是一本指导人们克服失败、与失败作斗争的指导书。因此，对与失败作斗争的人最有帮助的书是D项“Thirteen Things Mentally Strong People Don’t Do.(有13件事是心智健全的人不会做的。)”符合题意，故选D项。
Beatrice De Lavallette was just 17 years old when she was seriously injured and lost both of her legs from the knee down.
The teen spent the next several months in intensive physical therapy, working hard to regain her mobility and independence. She appreciated her family for supporting her and assuring her that life would go on during those dark days.
Her beloved horse, DeeDee, was especially helpful in her recovery. Beatrice grew up in an equestrian (马术的)   family. She started riding when she was just a kid, competing in dressage (盛装舞步) by the time she was 12. When her therapist brought DeeDee to the hospital parking lot one day, Beatrice knew her love of horses and riding was the way forward.
“There are no real words to describe that day, but it was the start of my new life,” Beatrice wrote on her website. “A few days later, my occupational therapist drove me to the stables (马厩). I was lifted up onto DeeDee. Someone had to hold onto me, I had no muscle tone or control, but I knew I could do this.” Eager to get back to her “real life”, Beatrice began the challenging task of relearning how to ride. Her muscle tone was gone, so was her sense of balance, but she eventually regained the strength to ride without assistance.
In April 2017, Beatrice was finally able to return to competitions at a show. Now, six years after the accident that almost killed her, Beatrice was selected to represent Team USA at the Tokyo 2020 Paralympic Games!
DeeDee had retired from competing, so Beatrice rode her new horse, a Dutch warmblood named Clarc. The two of them earned fifth place in the grade II individual category and sixth in the freestyle! “My being here shows that literally anything is possible,” she said. “I know it’s kind of the usual thing to say, but it’s true. Just go for it.”
4．What happened after Beatrice got injured?
A．She received her therapy sadly. B．She was free to get her mobility.
C．She continued to ride her loved horse by herself. D．She went through dark days with her family’s support.
5．What most probably drove Beatrice to start a new life?
A．Her fifth place. B．Her popular website. C．Her good recovery. D．Her love of riding horses.
6．What did Beatrice do when relearning how to ride?
A．She asked for much assistance. B．She overcame lots of difficulty.
C．She doubted her muscle strength. D．She went in for physical exercises.
7．What can we learn from Beatrice’s story?
A．Detail is the key to success. B．Not to advance is to go back.
C．Many hands make light work. D．Nothing is impossible if you work hard.
【答案】4．D5．D6．B7．D
【解析】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。本文通过贝阿特丽斯遭遇双腿截肢，却仍然不屈不挠、努力拼搏走向东京残奥会的感人故事，阐述了“只要努力，一切皆有可能”的道理。
4．细节理解题。根据第二段“She appreciated her family for supporting her and assuring her that life would go on during those dark days. (她感谢家人对她的支持，并向她保证，在那些黑暗的日子里，生活会继续下去)”可知，贝阿特丽斯受伤后，是家人的支持才使她度过了那段黑暗的日子。因此，贝阿特丽斯受伤后发生了D项“She went through dark days with her family’s support. (她在家人的支持下度过了黑暗的日子)”符合题意，故选D项。
5．细节理解题。根据第三段“When her therapist brought DeeDee to the hospital parking lot one day, Beatrice knew her love of horses and riding was the way forward. (有一天，当她的治疗师把迪迪带到医院停车场时，贝阿特丽斯知道她对马和骑马的热爱是前进的方向)”可知，贝阿特丽斯受伤后，她对骑马的热爱重新勾起来她继续生活的热情，她认为骑马是她前进的方向，终于找到了开始新生活的动力。因此，最有可能促使贝阿特丽斯开始新生活的是D项“Her love of riding horses. (她喜欢骑马)”符合题意，故选D项。
6．细节理解题。根据第四段“Eager to get back to her “real life”, Beatrice began the challenging task of relearning how to ride. Her muscle tone was gone, so was her sense of balance, but she eventually regained the strength to ride without assistance. (贝阿特丽斯渴望回到她的“真实生活”，开始了重新学习骑马的挑战性任务。她的肌肉张力消失了，平衡感也消失了，但她在没有帮助的情况下，最终恢复了骑马的力量)”可知，贝阿特丽斯受伤后，肌肉张力和平衡感都消失，她不得不克服重重困难学习骑行。因此，贝阿特丽斯在重新学习骑马时做了B项“She overcame lots of difficulty.(她克服了许多困难)”符合题意，故选B项。
7．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是根据最后一段““My being here shows that literally anything is possible,” she said. “I know it’s kind of the usual thing to say, but it’s true. Just go for it.”(“我在这里表明，任何事情都是可能的，”她说。“我知道这是常说的话，但这是真的。去做吧”)”可知，本文通过贝阿特丽斯遭遇双腿截肢，却仍然不屈不挠、努力拼搏走向东京残奥会的感人故事，讲述了“只要努力，一切皆有可能”的道理。因此，我们能从贝阿特丽斯的故事中了解到的是D项“Nothing is impossible if you work hard.(如果你努力，没有什么是不可能的)”符合题意，故选D项。
C【2022届山东省菏泽市高三第一次模拟考试（一模）】
A young woman holds up a book and smiles, saying, “This is day one of me reading ‘The Song of Achilles’.” The video jumps forward. “And this”, she sobs, with tears on her face. “is me finishing it.” Another video, entitled “Books that will make you SOB”, offers written notes on how various stories got readers to cry, such as “I can’t think about it without bawling (痛哭)” and “ended up crying so much I had to change my shirt.”
This is BookTok, as the literary wing of the app TikTok is known. Imagine the emotional changes of a Victorian drama, add music, and you have the general idea.
BookTok is passionate. It is also profitable—at least for publishers. Bloomsbury, a publishing house based in Britain, recently reported record sales and a 220% rise in profits, which Nigel Newton, its boss, put down partly to the “absolute phenomenon” of BookTok.
On Amazon, BookTok is so influential that it has leapt into the titles of books themselves. The novel “It Ends With Us”, for instance, is now listed as “It Ends With Us: TikTok made me buy it!” Evidently TikTok did a good job: the romantic novel is riding high in the top 100 in both Britain and America.
At the same time, BookTok pushes back against publishing amnesia (失忆症). Books areimagined to offer immortality (不朽) to authors—to be a “monument more lasting than bronze”, as the Roman poet Horace wrote- but the lifespan of most books is amazingly short. Dig out a list of bestsellers from 20 years ago: not only are today's readers unlikely to buy them, most won't have heard of them. Many of the books will have joined the lists of what W.H. Auden called the “undeservedly forgotten”.
BookTok is reviving backlists. One reason publishers noticed it, says Philip Gwyn Jones of Picador, a British imprint, was that, under its influence, old titles were coming back into the bestseller charts. It offers such books “a second life”, and he applauds it. Start trending on BookTok, and eventually, a great book finds its readers.
8．What does the woman probably mean by saying “And this is me finishing it” in the first paragraph?
A．She will bring an end to the book. B．She will share her reading experience.
C．She goes through a reading nightmare. D．She feels regretful of reading the book.
9．Why is BookTok added to the titles of books?
A．To boost the sale of books. B．To raise the profit of books.
C．To introduce the use of BookTok. D．To stress the influence of BookTok.
10．How does Booktok revive backlists?
A．By curing publishers of their amnesia. B．By connecting them with the publishers.
C．By building a lasting monument for them. D．By commenting them emotionally on the videos.
11．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?
A．Books and social media—Word of mouth
B．Books and social media—Friend or enemy
C．From Books to BookTok—An unstoppable trend
D．From Books to BookTok—Exploring everlasting values
【答案】8．B9．A10．C11．A
【解析】这是一篇说明文。本文阐述了社交媒体TikTok（抖音国际版）下的子标签BookTok引起了读书新潮流，带动了图书销售。
8．词句猜测题。通读第一段，尤其是根据第一段“The video jumps forward. “And this”, she moans, her face stained with tears…(视频快进，画面一转。“而这，”她哽咽着，泪流满面……)”可知，这名年轻女子读了《阿喀琉斯之歌》之后，深受触动，并且将阅读这本书的感受和经验拍成视频作品，分享到了TikTok上，第一段中“And this is me finishing it”可能是指的作品中的她正在分享阅读这本书的经验。因此，推知女人在第一段中说“And this is me finishing it”的意思是B项“She will share her reading experience.(她将分享她的阅读经验)”，符合题意，故选B项。
9．推理判断题。根据第三段“Bloomsbury, a publishing house based in Britain, recently reported record sales and a 220% rise in profits, which Nigel Newton, its boss, put down partly to the “absolute phenomenon” of BookTok. (总部位于英国的布鲁姆斯伯里出版社最近公布了创纪录的销售额和220%的利润增长，其老板奈吉尔·牛顿将其部分归因于BookTok的“十足出色”)”以及第四段“On Amazon, BookTok is so influential that it has leapt into the titles of books themselves.(在亚马逊上，BookTok的影响力如此之大，以至于它已被加入了书籍的标题之中)”可知，TikTok中的BookTok标签推动了书籍的关注，使销售增长，以至于书名中增加BookTok标签，推知书名中增加了BookTok标签的目的是促进书籍的销售。因此，书名中增加了BookTok的原因是A项“To boost the sale of books.(以促进书籍的销售)”，符合题意，故选A项。
10．细节理解题。根据第五段“At the same time, BookTok pushes back against publishing amnesia. Books areimagined to offer immortality to authors…(与此同时，BookTok反对出版“失忆症”。正如罗马诗人霍拉斯所写，书籍被认为是一座“比青铜更持久的纪念碑”)”以及第六段“BookTok is reviving backlists. One reason publishers noticed it, says Philip Gwyn Jones of Picador, a British imprint, was that, under its influence, old titles were coming back into the bestseller charts.(BookTok正在复兴以往的存书列表。英国Picador出版社的菲利普·格温·琼斯说，出版商注意到这一点的一个原因是，在它的影响下，旧书重新爬回了畅销书排行榜)”可知，此处借用了罗马诗人霍拉斯的诗，隐喻BookTok为存书列表创建了永久的“纪念碑”，BookTok反对出版“失忆症”，即使多年以前的畅销书单也被列入，通过这种方式，Booktok正在复兴以往的存书列表。因此，Booktok复兴以往的存书列表的方法是C项“By building a lasting monument for them.(为他们创建一座永久的纪念碑)”，符合题意，故选C项。
11．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是根据第二段“This is BookTok, as the literary wing of the app TikTok is known. (这是BookTok，应用程序TikTok的文学分支)”和根据第三段“Bloomsbury, a publishing house based in Britain, recently reported record sales and a 220% rise in profits, which Nigel Newton, its boss, put down partly to the “absolute phenomenon” of BookTok. (总部位于英国的布鲁姆斯伯里出版社最近公布了创纪录的销售额和220%的利润增长，其老板奈吉尔·牛顿将其部分归因于BookTok的“十足出色”)”可知，本文阐述了TikTok下的子标签BookTok带动了图书销售，说明了社交媒体口碑对书籍销售的巨大力量。因此，以下适合文本标题的是A项“Books and social media—Word of mouth(书籍和社交媒体口碑)”，符合题意，故选A项。
D【2022届山东省菏泽市高三第一次模拟考试（一模）】
Around one heart attack in 50 in rich European countries is caused by long exposure to loud traffic, according to the World Health Organization. The ill-effects of noise pollution in such countries are second only to those from dirty air. Long-term exposure can cause hormonal (荷尔蒙的) imbalances as well as mental-health problems.
Roadside barriers can help decrease the noise, but they are expensive—up to $600,000 per kilometer. Besides, they work less well on windy days and are impractical along city streets.
Happily, there is another option. By adding rubber powders, recycled from used tyres, to the bitumen (沥青) and broken stones used to make asphalt (柏油路), engineers are designing quieter streets. First used experimentally in the 1960s, this rubberized, softer asphalt cuts traffic noise by around 25%. Even better, it also lasts longer than the normal sort. Not surprisingly, rubberized asphalt is catching on.
Rubberized asphalt keeps the noise down in a couple of ways. Gaps between the stones in standard asphalt must be small, because if they are too big the bitumen binding (粘合剂) cannot do its job properly. Adding rubber thickens the bitumen. That allows bigger gaps, which help to trap and spread sound waves. The rubberized bitumen itself is flexible, which enables it to absorb more unwanted sound energy.
Bitumen is made from oil, which means its price has risen over the past decade alongside that of the oil. Thrown-away tyres, by contrast, are cheap and are likely to get cheaper. Nowadays enough tyres are recycled in America each year to produce 20,000 miles of the stuff, enough to rebuild about 0.5% of America's roads.
Rubber roads are also popular in China, Brazil, Spain and Germany. Their popularity could spread further, since it is now possible to make rubberized asphalt less expensively than the traditional sort.
12．What do the first two paragraphs mainly talk about concerning noise pollution?
A．It does more harm than air pollution.
B．It becomes the main cause of heart attack.
C．It may cause health problems in the long run.
D．It can be got rid of by putting up roadside barriers.
13．How does the rubber work when added to the bitumen to reduce noise?
A．By absorbing sound energy. B．By allowing bigger gaps in the bitumen.
C．By holding the broken stones together. D．By trapping and spreading sound waves.
14．What is the author's attitude to rubberized asphalt?
A．Favorable. B．Objective. C．Doubtful. D．Unclear.
15．What is one reason why the rubber road is getting popular worldwide?
A．It has a good recycling. B．It has a lower cost.
C．It has a high standard. D．It has an unwanted flexibility.
【答案】12．D13．B14．A15．B
【解析】本文是说明文。文章介绍了一种减少路面噪音污染的橡胶沥青路，把旧轮胎建成新式道路可以减少噪音污染。
12．主旨大意题。根据第一段的“The ill-effects of noise pollution in such countries are second only to those from dirty air. Long-term exposure can cause hormonal (荷尔蒙的) imbalances as well as mental-health problems.(在这些国家，噪音污染产生的不良反应仅次于空气污染，长期暴露不仅会造成激素失调，还会引发精神问题。)”和第二段的“Roadside barriers can help decrease the noise, but they are expensive—up to $600,000 per kilometer. Besides, they work less well on windy days and are impractical along city streets.(路边屏障可以减少喧嚣，但它们太贵了——每公里高达60万美元，此外，它们在多风的时候效果并不好，在城市街道边也不大现实。)”可推断，第一段介绍噪音污染带来的危害，引出第二段介绍安装路边屏障可以减少噪音，但不是太理想，因此推断前两段主要介绍路边屏障可以减少噪音污染。故选D。
13．推理判断题。根据第四段的“Adding rubber thickens the bitumen. That allows bigger gaps, which help to trap and spread sound waves. The rubberized bitumen itself is flexible, which enables it to absorb more unwanted sound energy.(橡胶的加入可以使沥青变厚。那允许更大的气孔存在，这样就有助于捕获和分散声波。橡胶沥青本身也具有柔韧性，这可以使它吸收更多讨厌的音波能量。)”可推断，当将橡胶添加到沥青中降低噪音时，橡胶使得沥青中有更大的空隙，有助于捕获和分散声波。故选B。
14．推理判断题。根据最后一段的“Rubber roads are also popular in China, Brazil, Spain and Germany. Their popularity could spread further, since it is now possible to make rubberized asphalt less expensively than the traditional sort.(在中国、巴西、西班牙和德国，这种橡胶路同样非常流行，由于现在可以把橡胶柏油路的成本控制得比传统路面还低，所以这种趋势会越来越流行。)”可推断，作者对于橡胶沥青路的态度是支持的。故选A。
15．细节理解题。根据最后一段的“Their popularity could spread further, since it is now possible to make rubberized asphalt less expensively than the traditional sort.( 由于现在可以把橡胶柏油路的成本控制得比传统路面还低，所以这种趋势会越来越流行。)”可知，橡胶沥青路成为全世界受欢迎的一个原因是它有着较低的成本。故选B。
阅读理解【广东省茂名市五校联考2021-2022学年高三第三次联考】
Four of the greatest classic Christmas films
Meet Me in St Louis (1944)
Starring Judy Garland，Meet Me in St Louis tells the story of four sisters on the cusp（交点）of the 1904 St Louis World's Fair. There's the thrill of young love, song, dance period costumes and everything you may want from a timeless holiday treat. It also happens to be the film that introduced Garland to director Vincente Minnelli, whom she later married and had her famous daughter Liza with.
It's a Wonderful Life (1946)
It's a Wonderful Life tops every list of the greatest holiday films ever made. James Stewart stars as a desperate businessman who considers taking his own life. Fortunately, his guardian angel comes to the rescue and shows him what his life would have been like if it hadn't been for all his good deeds. It's a moving film that reminds us that goodness is within all of us and it's never too late to turn your life around.
The Apartment (1960)
The Apartment is a heart-warming story of a man and a woman thrown together under bad condition over the holidays and-you've guessed it- they fall in love. Starring Jack Lemmon and Shirle MacLane in what were arguably their greatest roles, and masterfully directed by Billy Wilder.
Fanny and Alexander (1982)
The dreamiest, most magical entry on our list, Anny and Alexander was one of Swedish director Ingmar Bergman's finals, inspired by his own childhood. It follows the lives of the two children and their large, colorful family in a small Swedish town. Emotional and beautiful, it won four Academy awards.
1．Who starred in the film Meet Me in St Louis?
A．Judy Garland. B．James Stewart. C．Jack Lemmon. D．Shirle MacLane.
2．When was the film directed by Billy Wilder put on?
A．In 1944. B．In 1946. C．In 1960. D．In 1982.
3．Which of the following films won four Academy awards?
A．Meet Me in St Louis. B．It's a Wonderful Life.
C．The Apartment. D．Fanny and Alexander.
【答案】1．A2．C3．D
【解析】本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍了四部经典的圣诞节电影。
1．细节理解题。根据Meet Me in St Louis (1944)部分的“Starring Judy Garland，Meet Me in St Louis tells the story of four sisters on the cusp（交点）of the 1904 St Louis World's Fair.(由朱迪·嘉兰主演的Meet Me in St Louis讲述了1904年圣路易斯世界博览会上四姐妹的故事。)”可知主演了电影Meet Me in St Louis的是Judy Garland，故选A。
2．细节理解题。根据The Apartment (1960)部分的“Starring Jack Lemmon and Shirle MacLane in what were arguably their greatest roles, and masterfully directed by Billy Wilder. Fanny and Alexander (1982)(由杰克·莱蒙和夏尔·麦克雷恩主演，这可以说是他们最伟大的角色，由比利·怀尔德执导。)”可知比利·怀尔德导演的那部电影是The Apartment，是在1960年上映，故选C。
3．细节理解题。根据最后一段Fanny and Alexander (1982)中的“it won four Academy awards(它赢得了四项奥斯卡奖)”可知获得了四项奥斯卡奖的电影是Fanny and Alexander，故选D。
Mother's Day is traditionally a day for flowers, chocolates and big hugs, when children will have a chance to let their mother feel their love, but Willow Smith did something different for her mom Jada Pinkett Smith. Willow got her mom's metal band back together and stepped into her mom's shoes, giving a special live performance.
Jada Pinkett Smith was the singer of Wicked Wisdom, which she formed in 2002 alongside Honore, Graves, Rio Lawrence and Philip Fisher.
Willow remembered travelling somewhere with her mother on tour with her metal band Wicked Wisdom and watching old home videos, including one where she and her brother Jaden Smith cleaned the outside of the tour bus. “This is the music that I grew up around. My mother was a superwoman. She was a rock star; she was a fighter all in one. So I was my mom's biggest fan," said Willow.
To show her respect for the woman, the 20-year-old star followed in her mother's legendary footsteps and performed one of her favorite Wicked Wisdom songs, Bleed All Over Me, with Jada's band members, including guitarist Pocket Honore and keyboardist Taylor Graves.
Willow brought Jada out from the living room, and then Jada was sent to the driveway safely where the performance was held. The great mother who could always face anything calmly could no longer control her tears when she saw that her own song was being sung by her daughter. Willow and Jada shared a tearful hug for the touching closer.
4．Why did Willow Smith bring her mom's metal band together?
A．To give her mom a special gift. B．To make her mom's dream come true.
C．To help her mom rebuild the metal band. D．To hold a live performance for all mothers.
5．What do Willow Smith's words in Paragraph 3 show?
A．She always travels with her mom. B．Her mom was busy with work.
C．Her mom taught her to sing. D．She is proud of her mom.
6．What do we know about Willow Smith?
A．She has formed her own band. B．She often performs with her mother.
C．She is greatly influenced by her mother. D．She is more popular than her mom used to be.
7．How did Jada feel about her daughter's performance?
A．Moved. B．Satisfied. C．Sad. D．Confident.
【答案】4．A5．D6．C7．A
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。母亲节那天，Willow Smith把母亲之前的乐队成员重新聚集到一起，为母亲举办了一场特别现场演出。
4．细节理解题。根据第一段“Mother's Day is traditionally a day for flowers, chocolates and big hugs, when children will have a chance to let their mother feel their love, but Willow Smith did something different for her mom Jada Pinkett Smith.(传统上，母亲节是送鲜花、巧克力和拥抱的日子，孩子们有机会让母亲感受他们的爱，但Willow Smith为她的母亲Jada Pinkett Smith做了不同的事情。)”可知，Willow Smith把母亲之前的乐队成员重新聚集到一起是为了给母亲准备一份特殊的节日礼物。故选A。
5．推理判断题。根据第三段Willow所说的“This is the music that I grew up around. My mother was a superwoman. She was a rock star; she was a fighter all in one. So I was my mom's biggest fan(这是伴随我长大的音乐。我的母亲是一个女超人。她是一个摇滚明星；她是个不折不扣的斗士。所以我是我妈妈最大的粉丝)”可知，她认为妈妈是超人，是斗士，她是她妈妈最大的粉丝，故Willow Smith为自己有这样一位母亲而感到自豪。故选D。
6．推理判断题。根据第三段中的“This is the music that I grew up around(这是伴随我长大的音乐)”和第四段的“To show her respect for the woman, the 20-year-old star followed in her mother's legendary footsteps and performed one of her favorite Wicked Wisdom songs(为了表达对这位女性的尊敬，这位20岁的明星追随她母亲的传奇脚步，演唱了她最喜欢的《邪恶智慧》中的一首歌曲)”可知，Willow Smith深受母亲的影响。故选C。
7．推理判断题。根据最后一段“The great mother who could always face anything calmly could no longer control her tears when she saw that her own song was being sung by her daughter. Willow and Jada shared a tearful hug for the touching closer.(这位伟大的母亲总是能平静地面对任何事情，当她看到自己的歌是女儿唱的时候，她再也控制不住自己的眼泪。Willow和Jada因为这个感人的亲密拥抱而泪流满面。)”可知，Jada被女儿为自己准备的这场演出深深地感动了。故选A。
It was a February afternoon in a Brooklyn classroom. Sixteen-year-old Taylor Engler came face to face with a cow. But it was all in her head. She was transported by a virtual reality (VR) headphone. It took the Berkeley Carroll School junior and eight other classmates to a northern New York farm. The farm was 250 miles away. For students, the technology means field trips are no longer kept within the length of a bus ride.
It's unknown how many classrooms have or will use the technology, but experts say few classrooms do or will do. Headphones that require a user's phone can cost as little as $20 or $30, but systems and software for classes run into thousands of dollars. The problem of not having good software is disappearing as more companies enter the market. But the rules for use haven't kept abreast of the development of the technology. In New York, for example, virtual reality lab experiments are not included in the state's hands-on lab time requirements.
Experts say science classes are where virtual reality holds promise for classrooms. “The biggest problem, I think, is going to be how closely it mimics the real world." That's according to David Evans, the director of the National Science Teachers Union. However, he said, “The ability to do dangerous things and to run many, many more cases in a virtual space as opposed to the real physical space stands for a huge learning chance.”
Lamb taught chemistry and he agreed. “Too often in schools, when you do experiments in labs, you mix these together, you mix those together and you get this result. And if you don't get that result, you have done something wrong. But we don't have enough resources for you to redo it, “he said. “In virtual reality, all I do is hit reset on the computer. I don't have to actually use chemicals.”
8．What was Taylor Engler doing?
A．Riding a bus. B．Giving a lesson. C．Designing a farm. D．Experiencing VR.
9．What does the underlined part “kept abreast of" in Paragraph 2 mean?
A．Led to. B．Focused on. C．Caught up with. D．Broken away from.
10．What did Lamb think of the use of VR in the classroom?
A．Helpful. B．Troublesome. C．Interesting. D．Challenging.
11．What is the purpose of the text?
A．To point out the importance of practice. B．To introduce the use of VR in teaching.
C．To give information about modern schools. D．To show the appearance of VR technology.
【答案】8．D9．C10．A11．B
【解析】这是一篇说明文。本文介绍了学生在学校使用VR的情形、VR教学的现状以及它的优点等。
8．细节理解题。根据第一段 “Sixteen-year-old Taylor Engler came face to face with a cow. But it was all in her head. She was transported by a virtual reality (VR) headphone. (16岁的泰勒·恩格勒与一头奶牛面对面。但这一切都是她的想象，她被一个虚拟现实耳机传送过来。）”可知，Taylor Engler正在体验虚拟现实，在其中她正与一头奶牛面对面。故选D项。
9．词句猜测题。根据画线词后句“In New York, for example, virtual reality lab experiments are not included in the state's hands-on lab time requirements（例如，在纽约，虚拟现实的实验室实验不包括在国家的动手实验时间要求中。）”可知，在纽约，虚拟现实的实验室实验不包括在该州的实际实验室时间要求中，也就是说使用规则并没有跟上技术的发展，故kept abreast of 意为“跟上”，与 caught up with 意思相近。故选C项。
10．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Lamb taught chemistry and he agreed. “Too often in schools, when you do experiments in labs, you mix these together, you mix those together and you get this result. And if you don't get that result, you have done something wrong. But we don't have enough resources for you to redo it, “he said. “In virtual reality, all I do is hit reset on the computer. I don't have to actually use chemicals.””（兰姆教化学。他认为“在学校里，当你在实验室里做实验时，你经常把这些混合在一起，你把这些混合在一起，你就会得到这样的结果。 如果你没有得到这样的结果，你就做错了。 但是我们没有足够的资源让你们重做。在虚拟现实中，我所做的就是按下电脑上的重置键。 我不需要使用化学药品。”）可知，Lamb认为使用VR技术，如果实验中有做得不对的地方，只需要按一下重置键，就可以重新开始实验，而且也不需要用真正的化学药品。所以他认为在教室里使用VR是非常有帮助的。故选A项。
11．推理判断题。综合分析文章可知，本文介绍了学生在学校使用VR的情形、VR教学的现状以及它的优点等，其目的是介绍VR技术在课堂教学中的应用。故选B项。
Tropical (热带的) birds deep in Brazil’s Amazon rainforest are shrinking and developing longer wings as they adapt to climate change but why is something of a mystery.
Researchers have studied data for 77 tropical bird species over the past 40 years and found that all of them had lost body mass. Some species have been losing nearly 2 percent of their weight per decade.
Birds and mammals of the same species are generally larger at higher latitudes. The leading explanation is that their smaller surface-area-to-volume ratio (比率) allows them to better conserve heat. The opposite would help smaller species in hot climates to cool and could explain why birds are getting smaller as the climate warms, says Vitek Jirinec at the Integral Ecology Research Center in California, who led the analysis.
In line with this, the mean temperature of the birds' habitat today is 1℃ warmer in the wet season and 1.6℃ warmer in the dry season compared with 1966. Weather patterns are also more extreme, with 13 percent more rain falling in the wet season and 15 percent less in the dry season, and the birds lost mass more sharply after extremely dry or wet seasons.
This could suggest that body mass loss is partly a short-term response to changes in their environment rather than entirely down to evolution. For instance, a lack of rainfall could cause a decline in the number of insects that the birds feed on, say the researchers.
But none of this can explain the team's other main finding. Wingspan has become significantly larger in one-third of the bird species over the past 40 years. “Mass is a generally good measure of body condition in birds,” says Jirinec. “If they are simply not getting enough to eat, you would expect them to lose weight. But why would they have more energy to grow their wings?”
12．Why are some birds larger at higher latitudes?
A．To preserve heat. B．To find food better.
C．To fight against heat. D．To adapt to climate change.
13．On what condition do birds shrink faster?
A．When they are hungry. B．When there is less rain.
C．When they lose their habitat. D．When they experience extreme seasons.
14．What remains to be settled by researchers?
A．Why tropical birds develop longer wings. B．How Amazon rainforest is decreasing.
C．Why some birds are smaller in hot climates. D．How temperature of the birds' habitat changes.
15．Where is the text probably taken from?
A．A personal diary. B．A travel brochure. C．A science magazine. D．A science novel.
【答案】12．A13．D14．A15．C
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍一项研究。研究发现：由于气候变化，亚马逊河流域的鸟类现在变小了。
12．细节理解题。根据第三段“Birds and mammals of the same species are generally larger at higher latitudes. The leading explanation is that their smaller surface-area-to-volume ratio (比率) allows them to better conserve heat. (同一物种的鸟类和哺乳动物在高纬度地区通常较大。主要的解释是，它们较小的表面积与体积比率使它们能够更好地保存热量)”可知，在高纬度地区的鸟更大的原因是为了保存热量，故选A项。
13．推理判断题。根据第四段“Weather patterns are also more extreme, with 13 percent more rain falling in the wet season and 15 percent less in the dry season, and the birds lost mass more sharply after extremely dry or wet seasons. (天气模式也更加极端，雨季降雨增加13%，旱季减少15%，鸟类在极度干燥或潮湿的季节后体重急剧下降)”可知，鸟在经历极度干燥或潮湿的极端季节时，体重急剧下降，变小的速度更快，故选D项。
14．推理判断题。根据第一段“Tropical (热带的) birds deep in Brazil’s Amazon rainforest are shrinking and developing longer wings as they adapt to climate change but why is something of a mystery. (在巴西亚马逊雨林深处的热带鸟类正在萎缩并长出更长的翅膀，因为它们适应了气候变化，但为什么会如此，确是一个谜)”及最后一段“But none of this can explain the team's other main finding. Wingspan has become significantly larger in one-third of the bird species over the past 40 years. “Mass is a generally good measure of body condition in birds,” says Jirinec. “If they are simply not getting enough to eat, you would expect them to lose weight. But why would they have more energy to grow their wings?”(但这些都不能解释该团队的另一个主要发现。在过去的40年中，三分之一的鸟类物种的翼展已经显着扩大。Jirinec说：“体重通常是衡量鸟类身体状况的良好指标，如果它们只是吃不饱，你会期望它们减肥。但是，为什么它们会有更多的能量来长出翅膀呢？”)”可知，为什么鸟类体重变小了，翅膀却变长了，这个问题还有待解决。故选A项。
15．推理判断题。根据根据第一段“Tropical (热带的) birds deep in Brazil’s Amazon rainforest are shrinking and developing longer wings as they adapt to climate change but why is something of a mystery. (在巴西亚马逊雨林深处的热带鸟类正在萎缩并长出更长的翅膀，因为它们适应了气候变化，但为什么会如此，确是一个谜)”可知，这是一篇有关鸟类体型变化的科普文章，故最可能出自科学杂志。故选C项。
阅读理解【重庆市名校联盟2021-2022学年高三下学期第一次联考】
Things to do in Cabo Corrientes, Jalisco, MexIco！
◆ Rhythms of the Night-Sunset Cruise(乘船游览)
Duration: 5 hrs
Kick off the evening with a scenic cruise across Banderas Bay to Las Caletas. Las Caletas, once home to a Hollywood movie director John Huston, offers front-row sunset seats, and dinner tables just steps away from the water. The buffet-style menu offers a wide variety of choices. Watch the lively performance of ancient ceremonies and be lost in historical stories about Jalisco. You must be able to climb and go down stairs.
◆ Sayulita Escape
Duration: 3 hrs
Hop on a powerful UTV(utility task vehicle) to explore Sayulita, a nice beach town not far from Vallarta. Ride over muddy roads and a riverbed to reach the small community famous for its relaxing atmosphere. Soon after hitting the main road, your guide turns onto one of the dusty forest paths. When you are ready, a picnic lunch, an open bar, and a knowledgeable crew await your return to the ship. Wheelchair accessibility is available.
◆ Las Caletas Beach Hideaway
Duration: 7 hrs
The use of kayaks(独木舟)and stand-up paddleboards is all available, as well as a scenic nature walk and admission to Kids Adventure Park for the young ones. You can even swim out to an offshore platform to practice your diving skills. Wheelchair accessibility is not available.
◆Street Food and Taco Tour in Puerto vallarta
Duration: 6hrs 30mins
Enjoy a feast of local flavors in our food and tacos-tasting tour. Discover Puerto Vallarta's best flavors to the locals'eye. Learn about the local culture and life, while you eat where the locals do with their beloved ones. Wheelchair accessibility is not avaliable.
1．What can tourists do on the tour Rhythms of the Night-Sunset Cruise?
A．Enjoy free dinners.
B．Come across the movie director John Huston.
C．Learn about the history of Jalisco.
D．Watch the scenic sunrise.
2．How does the tour Sayulita Escape differ from the other ones?
A．It includes a licensed guide.
B．It is more friendly to the disabled.
C．It offers various water event.
D．It has adventurous routes.
3．Which tour suits families with kids?
A．Las Caletas Beach Hideaway.
B．Sayulita Escape.
C．Rhythms of the Night-Sunset Cruise.
D．Street Food and Taco Tour in Puerto Vallarta.
【答案】1．C2．B3．A
【解析】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了墨西哥一座城市的几个旅游项目。
1．细节理解题。根据第一部分倒数第二句“Watch the lively performance of ancient ceremonies and be lost in historical stories about Jalisco.”可知，在这段乘船旅程中，人们可以欣赏到有关Jalisco的历史故事，也就是能了解到其历史。故选C项。
2．细节理解题。根据第二部分最后一句“Wheelchair accessibility is available.”可知，这一旅程中是可以使用轮椅的，而其他项目中都明确说明了不能使用轮椅（第一部分指出要上下楼梯也不行）。故选B项。
3．推理判断题。根据第三部分“The use of kayaks(独木舟)and stand-up paddleboards is all available, as well as a scenic nature walk and admission to Kids Adventure Park for the young ones.”可知，该项目也给孩子提供相应的游玩地点，比较适合父母带孩子一起参加。故选A项。
It was this very morning that Garrone let us know what he is like.
The master had not yet arrived, and three or four boys were bullying Crossi, the one with the red hair who has a dead arm and whose mother sells vegetables. They were hitting him in the face with chestnut shells. And he, alone on the end of the bench, became quite pale, begging that they leave him in peace.
All at once, Franti sprang upon a bench. Pretending that he was carrying a basket on each arm, he aped the mother of Crossi when she used to come to wait for her son at door. Many began to laugh loudly and Crossi was trembling and turning red with anger.
Suddenly Crossi seized an inkstand and threw it at the other’s head with all his strength, but Franti moved aside, and the inkstand struck the master who entered at the moment, full in the breast. All flew to their places and became silent with terror. The master, quite pale, went to his table, and said in a controlled voice:
“Who did it?”
No one replied.
The master cried out once more, raising his voice still louder, “Who is it?”
Then Garrone, moved to pity for poor Crossi, rose sharply and said resolutely, “ It was I.”
The master looked at him, looked at the confused scholars, then said in a calm voice, “It was not you.”
And after a moment. “The culprit shall not be punished. Let him rise!”
Crossi rose and said, weeping “They were striking me and insulting me, and I lost my head and threw it.”
“Sit down,” said the master. “Let those who provoked him rise.”
Four rose and hung their heads. “You,” said the master, “have insulted an unfortunate companion; you have struck a weak person who could not defend himself. You have committed one of the most shameful acts!”
Then he went over to Garrone and looked him straight in the eye, and said to him, “You are a noble soul.”
Garrone profited by the occasion to murmur some words, I know not what, in the ear of the master; and he, turning towards the four boys, said abruptly, “I forgive you.”
4．What finally provoked Crossi to throw an inkstand?
A．Franti made fun of Crossi’s mother walking with a dead arm.
B．Franti imitated the way Crossi’s mother carried her basket.
C．The boys hit Crossi in the face hard with chestnut shells.
D．The boys pulled Crossi upon a bench and laughed at him loudly.
5．The underlined word “culprit” probably means ________.
A．advocate B．leader C．captain D．offender
6．The master praised Garrone as a noble soul because ________.
A．he dared to speak his mind B．he forgave the four bullies
C．he took the blame for Crossi D．he brought bad guys to justice
7．Which of the following is the best title for the passage?
A．A Generous Deed B．A Domestic Incident
C．Making the Right Choice D．To Believe or Not to Believe
【答案】4．B5．D6．C7．A
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了Franti因为模仿Crossi妈妈提篮子的样子激怒了Crossi，Crossi朝他扔了一个墨水瓶，却打到了老师身上。Garrone因为同情Crossi主动站出来承认，而被老师称为高尚的人。
4．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Pretending that he was carrying a basket on each arm, he aped the mother of Crossi when she used to come to wait for her son at door. Many began to laugh loudly and Crossi was trembling and turning red with anger.(他假装两手各提着一个篮子，模仿Crossi的母亲到门口等儿子的样子。许多人开始大声笑起来，Crossi气得浑身发抖，脸都红了)”以及第四段中“Suddenly Crossi seized an inkstand and threw it at the other’s head with all his strength, but Franti moved aside, and the inkstand struck the master who entered at the moment, full in the breast.(突然，Crossi抓起一个墨水瓶，用尽全身力气朝另一个人的头扔去，但Franti躲开了，墨水瓶正好打在这时进来的老师的胸膛上)”可知Franti模仿Crossi妈妈提篮子的样子最终促使Crossi扔了一个墨水瓶。故选B。
5．词句猜测题。根据倒数第五段“Crossi rose and said, weeping “They were striking me and insulting me, and I lost my head and threw it.”(Crossi站起来，哭着说:“他们打我，侮辱我，我失去了理智，把它扔了出去。”)”可知，Crossi站了起来，承认是自己扔的瓶子，可见老师是说让犯事的人主动站出来承认错误，不会受到惩罚。故画线词意思是“犯人”，A. advocate拥护者；B. leader领导；C. captain队长；D. offender犯人。故选D。
6．细节理解题。根据倒数第八段“Then Garrone, moved to pity for poor Crossi, rose sharply and said resolutely, “ It was I.”(然后，Garrone对可怜的Crossi产生了怜悯之情，他突然站起来，坚定地说：“是我。”)”可知，老师称赞加Garrone是一个高尚的人，因为他为Crossi承担了责任。故选C。
7．主旨大意题。根据文章主要讲述了Franti因为模仿Crossi妈妈提篮子的样子激怒了Crossi，Crossi朝他扔了一个墨水瓶，却打到了老师身上。Garrone因为同情Crossi主动站出来承认，而被老师称为高尚的人。可知，A选项“一次慷慨的行为”最符合文章标题。故选A。
Elizabeth wouldn’t walk or talk as an infant. Angela’s left leg was so enlarged that it hurt to stand. Emma needed a breathing machine just to sleep. Their suffering may take different forms, but their stories share a common thread: Neither they nor their families knew what was actually causing these issues.
Those cases are precisely where the Undiagnosed Diseases Network (UDN) steps in. Established in 2008, the UDN’s mission is to provide answers for patients with discases that doctors are unable to diagnose. Anyone can apply to the program and the UDN works hard to screen every application it receives.
Today, the UDN covers 12 clinical sites around the country, and has evaluated over 1,400 patients. More than 400 of those patients have received a diagnosis thanks to the UDN. In some of these cases, the network is able to match a patient with an already known condition. In others, UDN researchers must work to describe an entirely new disease and enter it into the medical dictionary. The program has added at least 25 entirely new diseases in this way. Additionally, the UDN covers the cost of the tests, meaning patients aren’t burdened with crushing medical debt.
“I think they’ve really advanced and changed the whole model for how we approach many of these illnesses,” says Anne Pariser, director of the Office of Rare Diseases Research. She says the UDN’s multidisciplinary approach—bringing different specialists together to talk about challenging cases—has helped advance the field of rare disease research, especially when it comes to genetic diseases.
Living with a disease without a name can be its own kind of suffering. “You grow up feeling like, I’m in this, crazy, all by myself, and no one really understands me,” says Angela Moon, a UDN participant. For patients like her, the UDN offers hope for treatment, but also for finally being seen.
8．The purpose of the first paragraph is to ________.
A．arouse the readers’ interest in the UDN
B．give a vivid description of rare diseases
C．introduce the background for the UDN’s founding
D．raise a complicated problem that will be solved later
9．The third paragraph mainly talks about ________.
A．the way the UDN is operated nationwide
B．the progress the UDN has made so far
C．the reasons why the UDN is so popular
D．the development stages the UDN has gone through
10．What can be learned about Angela Moon?
A．She used to live in despair.
B．She failed to identify with others.
C．She is receiving treatment now.
D．There will be a cure for her condition.
11．What can be inferred about the UDN’s work model?
A．It has helped spread the knowledge of undiagnosed diseases.
B．It prioritizes participants’ privacy over solving medical mysteries.
C．It is specifically designed to deal with challenging genetic diseases.
D．It emphasizes close cooperation between specialists in separate fields.
【答案】8．C9．B10．A11．D
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了未诊断疾病网络（UDN）的成立背景和它取得的进展。
8．推理判断题。根据第一段内容“Elizabeth wouldn’t walk or talk as an infant. Angela’s left leg was so enlarged that it hurt to stand. Emma needed a breathing machine just to sleep. Their suffering may take different forms, but their stories share a common thread: Neither they nor their families knew what was actually causing these issues.”（伊丽莎白小时候不会走路或说话。安吉拉的左腿太大了以至于站着很疼。艾玛需要一台呼吸机才能入睡。他们的痛苦可能有不同的形式，但他们的故事有一个共同点：他们和他们的家人都不知道导致这些问题的真正原因。）和第二段关键句“Those cases are precisely where the Undiagnosed Diseases Network (UDN) steps in.”（这些病例正是未诊断疾病网络（UDN）介入的地方。）可知，文章第一段内容主要介绍了一些医生未能诊断病因的病例，而UDN的成立，正是为了确诊这些未能诊断病因的病例，由此可推断出，第一段的目的是介绍UDN成立的背景。故选C项。
9．主旨大意题。根据第三段关键句“Today, the UDN covers 12 clinical sites around the country, and has evaluated over 1,400 patients. More than 400 of those patients have received a diagnosis thanks to the UDN”（如今，UDN覆盖了全国12个临床站点，评估了1400多名患者。多亏了UDN，其中400多名患者得到了诊断）和“The program has added at least 25 entirely new diseases in this way.”（该项目以这种方式增加了至少25种全新的疾病。）可知，文章第三段内容主要介绍了到目前为止UDN所取得的进展，它评估了1400多名患者，其中400多名患者得到了诊断，帮助医学领域确诊了25种全新的疾病，由此可知，第三段主要讲的是UDN迄今为止取得的进展。故选B项。
10．推理判断题。根据最后一段内容“Living with a disease without a name can be its own kind of suffering. “You grow up feeling like, I’m in this, crazy, all by myself, and no one really understands me,” says Angela Moon, a UDN participant. For patients like her, the UDN offers hope for treatment, but also for finally being seen.”（与一种没有名字的疾病生活在一起可能是一种痛苦。UDN的参与者安吉拉·穆恩说：“你在成长过程中会觉得，我身患这种疾病，感觉是疯狂的，全靠自己面对，没有人真正理解我。”对于像她这样的患者，UDN为治疗提供了希望，也为疾病最终被发现提供了希望。）可知，对安吉拉·穆恩来说，因为疾病，她过去生活在绝望之中，没有人真正理解她，全靠她自己面对疾病，由此可推断出，关于安吉拉·穆恩，我们可以了解到她过去生活在绝望中。故选A项。
11．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段关键句“She says the UDN’s multidisciplinary approach—bringing different specialists together to talk about challenging cases—has helped advance the field of rare disease research, especially when it comes to genetic diseases.”（她说，UDN的多学科方法将不同的专家聚集在一起讨论具有挑战性的病例，这有助于推动罕见疾病研究领域的发展，尤其是在遗传疾病方面。）可知，UDN的工作模式是多学科方法，它将不同领域的专家聚集在一起讨论具有挑战性的病例，由此可知，UDN的工作模式强调不同领域的专家之间的密切合作。故选D项。
Starch(淀粉)is the main component of flour, rice and corn among others, while carbon dioxide makes up the vast majority of greenhouse gases. One day, humans may be able to “eat” carbon dioxide, and global warming could be “eaten away” by carbon lovers. Although it sounds wild, the day is coming.
Chinese scientists have created starch using carbon dioxide, hydrogen and electricity, according to a study published in Science in September, 2021.
“Plants create starch through photosynthesis(光合作用), which is a complex and inefficient (效率低得)process,” Ma Yanhe, the director of the Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, told China Daily. He added that it would take a plant about 60 steps to turn carbon dioxide, water and sunlight into starch.
“Our breakthrough shows that making starch is achievable in a lab. This method makes it possible to produce food in factories and there are many industries that can benefit from this technology,” Ma told China Daily.
The team has been working on the process for 6 years. “The first step of the method is to convert carbon dioxide and hydrogen into methanol(甲醇), which is a molecule(分子)that contains a single carbon atom,” Cai Tao, one of the first authors of the study, told China Daily.
Scientists then piece these single-carbon molecules into bigger and more complex molecules.   With the help of supercomputing, Chinese scientists have simplified the natural starch-making process from about 60 steps into 11.
“The new process has made it possible to turn starch production from traditional agricultural fanning to industrial production. And it may be possible to satisfy our needs without farming in the future. This will not only help save water, fertilizer and land but also help recycle carbon dioxide to deal with climate change,” a research fellow with the Chinese Academy of Sciences told the Global Times.
The study can also benefit space exploration in the future. The starch may provide a secure food source for astronauts as they travel long distances in space by simply turning the carbon dioxide they breathe out into food.
12．What does Ma Yanhe think of the new method of creating starch?
A．It’s extremely complex and inefficient.
B．It’s achievable through photosynthesis.
C．It’s a way of dealing with global warming.
D．It’s more efficient than the natural method.
13．The underlined word “convert” in Paragraph 5 probably means ________.
A．push B．change C．divide D．mix
14．What can be learned about the breakthrough?
A．It can help improve people’s health.
B．It can change the way of starch production.
C．It can provide astronauts with nutritious food.
D．It can save farmers from traditional agriculture.
15．What can be the best title of this passage?
A．Smart with starch B．Hungry for starch
C．Secure about food supply D．Beneficial to food diversity
【答案】12．D13．B14．B15．A
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了根据2021年9月发表在《科学》杂志上的一项研究，中国科学家已经利用二氧化碳、氢和电制造出了淀粉。
12．推理判断题。根据文章第三段““Plants create starch through photosynthesis, which is a complex and inefficient process,” Ma Yanhe, the director of the Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, told China Daily.（“植物通过光合作用产生淀粉，这是一个复杂而低效的过程，”中国科学院天津工业生物技术研究所所长马延河在接受《中国日报》采访时表示）”可知，他认为自然界产生淀粉的过程复杂而低效，由此可推知，他认为新方法比自然方法更有效。故选D。
13．词句猜测题。根据后文“which is a molecule (分子) that contains a single carbon atom（这是一个只有一个碳原子的分子）”可知，甲醇这种物质是由二氧化碳和氢气转化而成的。convert意为“转化，转变”。故选B。
14．细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段“The new process has made it possible to turn starch production from traditional agricultural fanning to industrial production.（这种新工艺使淀粉生产从传统的农业生产转向工业生产成为可能）”可知，这项突破改变了淀粉生产的方式。故选B。
15．主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“Chinese scientists have created starch using carbon dioxide, hydrogen and electricity, according to a study published in Science in September, 2021.（根据2021年9月发表在《科学》杂志上的一项研究，中国科学家已经利用二氧化碳、氢和电制造出了淀粉）”可知，文章主要讲述了中国科学家成功把二氧化碳合成淀粉。故“智能与淀粉”可以作为最佳标题。故选A。
阅读理解【2022届福建省泉州市高中毕业班质量检测（三）】
The Louis E. Stocklmeir Regional History Library and Archives (档案绾)
History as Education
Focusing on California and regional studies, the Louis E. Stocklmeir Regional History Library and Archives is operated by the California History Center and Foundation which present exhibits, offer classes with De Anza College, and publish books and a periodical.
Alongside 19th century county histories, and gold rush diaries are books on Sierra Nevada geology (地质) studies of Los Angeles urban design, and the future of California’s people.
What We Offer
Since the 1970s, the library of the California History Center has participated in a dynamic expansion of awareness of Santa Clara Valley’s and California’s past, present, and future. Research papers, taped oral histories, clippings (短视频) and photograph documents form the core of a collection now enlarged by donations of fine books, periodicals and documental materials on regional and state history and issues.
Library Use
Use of the Stocklmeir Library is free to students and California History Center Foundation members. There is a daily use fee for all other users. Photocopy and photo reproduction services are available for a charge.
Today’s Stocklmeir Library users include people from all walks of life, such as architects, authors, advertisers, business people, journalists, historians and so on. Especially welcome is the valley resident-newcomer or long-time community member-eager to see for the first time, or recall, how the landscape once looked.
Information for visitors
Hours: Tuesday-Thursday, 9:00 a.m.-noon, 1:00-4:00 p.m. (Closed July and August)
Contact us by phone: 408.864.8987
1．What can visitors find in the library?
A．Fine books on advertising. B．Documents in various forms.
C．Landscape of the future. D．Clippings of newcomers.
2．What is the advantage of a foundation member?
A．Free daily visit. B．Free photocopying.
C．Free photo reproduction. D．Free weekend visiting.
3．What is the subject of the library?
A．Book publishing. B．Urban design.
C．Geology of California. D．History of California.
【答案】1．B2．A3．D
【解析】这是一篇说明文，主要介绍了The Louis E. Stocklmeir Regional History Library and Archives(档案绾)。
1．细节理解题。根据What We Offer 中的“Research papers, taped oral histories, clippings (短视频) and photograph documents form the core of a collection now enlarged by donations of fine books, periodicals and documental materials on regional and state history and issues. (研究文件，历史录音，短视频，照片文件材料形成了收藏品的核心，加上捐赠的好书，以及关于区域和州的文献材料)”可知，这个图书馆有各种形式的文件。故选B。
2．细节理解题。根据Library Use中的“Use of the Stocklmeir Library is free to students and California History Center Foundation members. There is a daily use fee for all other users. (the Stocklmeir Library对学生和加利福尼亚历史中心的成员免费。对其他用户有日常使用费)”可知，图书馆对会员可以进行日常免费参观。故选A。
3．推理判断题。根据History as Education中的“Focusing on California and regional studies, (焦点是对加利福尼亚和地区的研究)”可知，这个图书馆的主题是研究加利福尼亚历史。故选D。
B【2022届福建省泉州市高中毕业班质量检测（三）】
Virginia Guarddon can’t remember her life without some sort of art. She started playing piano when she was 6. At 10, she came across works by the Spanish poet Gustavo Adolfo Becquer, and she was hooked. She started writing poems that would be featured in a couple of books.
There’s something else that’s always been in her life: a type of skin lupus. “All of my life, I tried to find ways to make it better,” Guarddon said. “And that led to trying to help others feel better about their skin.” The attempt took her to the U.S. in 1994, where she studied science and piano. And then she began a career in skin care. “To me, skin is a form of art,” she said. “I love making women feel beautiful.”
“I wanted to create something of my own,” Guarddon said. “I wanted to realize my dream.” Her dream? Combining all of her passions into one.
The result is Poet’s Garden Apothecary, Guarddon’s own skin care line and the online business: Poet’s Garden Alchemist. Guarddon teamed up with a laboratory to create her line of products, which she calls “skin poetry.” The products, made for every skin type, include an oil face cleanser, day cream and night cream. With each purchase, customers receive a custom poem from one of the company’s contributors. And some earnings from the business go to the Poetry Foundation.
In the first few months of running business, Guarddon said, Poet’s Garden Alchemist is turning into an online poet’s movement. She often hosts live poetry readings on Instagram. “To me, skin care and poetry go together,” she says. “I’m trying to show that beauty is not just skin deep. It’s about our voice and how we express it.”
4．Why does the author mention Guarddon’s early experience?
A．To show her excellent artistic talent. B．To highlight the impact of Gustavo on her.
C．To explain the inspiration of her skin care art. D．To appeal for carrying out research on skin lupus.
5．What do we know about “skin poetry” products?
A．They are created in a laboratory. B．They are sold with a song.
C．They are designed for skin lupus. D．They are funded by the Poetry Foundation.
6．Which of the following best describes Guarddon?
A．Creative and caring. B．Faithful and ambitious.
C．Strong-willed and cautious. D．Sociable and trustworthy.
7．What can be a suitable title for the text?
A．Healthy Skin for Everyone B．Putting Passion Back in Business
C．A Difficult Rise to Fame D．Positive Thought, Happy Relationships
【答案】4．C5．A6．A7．B
【解析】这是一篇说明文。说明了Virginia Guarddon喜欢诗歌，同时她自身患有一种皮肤红斑狼疮，她由此得到灵感开发了自己的护肤品，且与诗歌结合在了一起。
4．推理判断题。根据第二段“There’s something else that’s always been in her life: a type of skin lupus. “All of my life, I tried to find ways to make it better,” Guarddon said. “And that led to trying to help others feel better about their skin.” The attempt took her to the U.S. in 1994, where she studied science and piano. And then she began a career in skin care. “To me, skin is a form of art,” she said. “I love making women feel beautiful.”(还有一种东西一直在她的生活中：一种皮肤红斑狼疮。“我一生都在试图找到让它变得更好的方法。这就导致人们试图帮助其他人更好地感觉自己的皮肤。”1994年，她前往美国学习科学和钢琴。然后她开始了皮肤护理的职业生涯。“对我来说，皮肤是一种艺术，”她说。“我喜欢让女人觉得自己很漂亮。”)”可推知，作者提到了Guarddon的早期经历是为了解释她皮肤护理艺术的灵感来源。故选C。
5．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Guarddon teamed up with a laboratory to create her line of products, which she calls “skin poetry.”(Guarddon与一家实验室合作开发了她的系列产品，她称之为“皮肤诗歌”)”可知，“皮肤诗”产品是在实验室里创造出的。故选A。
6．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“The result is Poet’s Garden Apothecary, Guarddon’s own skin care line and the online business: Poet’s Garden Alchemist. Guarddon teamed up with a laboratory to create her line of products, which she calls “skin poetry.”(Guarddon自己的护肤品生产线和在线业务——诗人的花园炼金师——由此诞生。Guarddon与一家实验室合作开发了她的系列产品，她称之为“皮肤诗歌”)”以及“And some earnings from the business go to the Poetry Foundation. (生意的一部分收入会捐给诗歌基金会)”可推知，Guarddon富有创造力和爱心。故选A。
7．主旨大意题。根据第三段““I wanted to create something of my own,” Guarddon said. “I wanted to realize my dream.” Her dream? Combining all of her passions into one.(“我想创造一些属于我自己的东西，” Guarddon说。“我想实现我的梦想。”她的梦想吗？那就是将她所有的热情融合在一起)”结合文章说明了Virginia Guarddon喜欢诗歌，同时她自身患有一种皮肤红斑狼疮，她由此得到灵感开发了自己的护肤品，且与诗歌结合在了一起。可知，B选项“将激情投入到商业中”最符合文章标题。故选B。
C【2022届福建省泉州市高中毕业班质量检测（三）】
Working on a computer with a traditional mouse never came easy for 8-year-old Isabelle Dapkus, who has developmental disabilities. However, Isabelle is now able to access her schoolwork online, all thanks to a fidget mouse (减压鼠标): the Hoglet - a multisensory device that resembles toy. “She’s never been able to use a mouse before, and it wasn’t for lack of trying, but it was just not the appropriate tool,” said her mother, Julia Dapkus, 41, of Michigan.
As virtual learning has become a common option for families during the COVID-19 pandemic, online schooling has also become a struggle for students with developmental disabilities.
The Hoglet - which takes its name from its resemblance to a baby hedgehog (刺猬) - is specially designed with elements from a fidget toy to increase focus for those with developmental disabilities and autism spectrum disorder (自闭症). The Hoglet is wireless and minimizes clicking sounds as to not annoy those with autism spectrum disorder.
Parker Lynch, creator of the Hoglet and CEO of Hedgehog Health, met Dapkus at a fundraiser, and he eventually asked her and her daughter to test the mouse out. Children who use a fidget device have an increase in concentration, are not as restless and are more likely to complete tasks in treatment and education, according to a study. The Flushing Hospital Medical Center in New York, which performed the study, found that fidget toys can be academically beneficial for students, including those with learning disabilities.
Because of research of his own that saw similar results, Lynch decided to create a tool similar to fidget toys that could provide the same functionality. After five years of research and testing, Lynch founded Hedgehog Health and released the company’s first product, the Hoglet.
Lynch is now working on a removable and washable cover for the Hoglet as well as another mouse that will stimulate all five senses.
8．Why was the Hoglet invented?
A．To popularize virtual learning. B．To replace the old-fashioned mouse.
C．To involve interaction in school learning. D．To help the mentally disabled study online.
9．Where can you find the encouraging test results of fidget devices?
A．In paragraph 2. B．In paragraph 3. C．In paragraph 4. D．In paragraph 5.
10．What inspired Lynch’s invention of the Hoglet?
A．His struggling experience. B．His meeting Dapkus.
C．His study on using fidget toys. D．His dream of founding Hedgehog Health.
11．What is the text mainly about?
A．Reinventing a mouse. B．A multisensory toy.
C．Fighting autism spectrum disorder. D．Treatment for learning disabilities.
【答案】8．D9．C10．C11．A
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了一款新发明的减压鼠标。这款鼠标能够帮助发展障碍和自闭症的孩子们更好的参加在线学习。
8．细节理解题。根据第二段“As virtual learning has become a common option for families during the COVID-19 pandemic, online schooling has also become a struggle for students with developmental disabilities.（随着虚拟学习在2019冠状病毒期间成为家庭的普遍选择，在线教育也成为发展障碍学生的斗争。）”以及第三段的第一句话“The Hoglet - which takes its name from its resemblance to a baby hedgehog (刺猬) - is specially designed with elements from a fidget toy to increase focus for those with developmental disabilities and autism spectrum disorder (自闭症).（the Hoglet的名字来源于它与小刺猬的相似之处。它是一款特别设计的玩具，采用了减压玩具的元素，以增加发育障碍和自闭症障碍患者的注意力。）”可知，the Hoglet的发明是为了帮助发育障碍和自闭症障碍患者的网上学习。故选D。
9．推理判断题。根据第四段“Children who use a fidget device have an increase in concentration, are not as restless and are more likely to complete tasks in treatment and education, according to a study. （一项研究表明，使用减压设备的儿童注意力更集中，没有那么不安，更有可能完成治疗和教育任务。）”可推知，第四段主要讲述使用减压装置的孩子们注意力更集中，而且更好的完成治疗和教育任务，所以我们可知在这段找到这种设备令人鼓舞的测试结果。故选C。
10．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段 第一句话“Because of research of his own that saw similar results, Lynch decided to create a tool similar to fidget toys that could provide the same functionality. （因为他自己的研究也得出了类似的结果，林奇决定建一个类似于fidget玩具的工具，可以提供相同的功能。）”可知，在研究减压装置对于自闭症患者的影响的测试中，出现了令人鼓舞的测试结果，所以激励了Lynch发明一个具有相似功能的鼠标—the Hoglet。故选C。
11．主旨大意题。文章主要讲述了一款新发明的减压鼠标。这款鼠标能够帮助发展障碍和自闭症的孩子们更好的参加在线学习。所以“重塑鼠标”符合文章的大意。故选A.
D【2022届福建省泉州市高中毕业班质量检测（三）】
Reading books can obviously make you a better, smarter entrepreneur. According to a 2018 study of over 160,000 adults in 31 countries, the more books that were present in participants’ childhood homes, the more competent they now were as adults with skills in literacy, mathematics, and technological problem-solving. Researchers note that book-oriented socialization, indicated by home library size, equips youth with lifelong tastes, skill and knowledge.
Growing up with home libraries boosts adult skills in literacy, numeracy and technological problem-solving beyond the benefits acquired from parental education or your own educational or occupational attainment. Kids who grow up in a home where reading is valued and modeled are more likely to be good readers. Strangely enough, though, advanced education doesn’t necessarily offset the “lots of books in the home” advantage. Adults who grew up with relatively few books in their homes and later earned a college degree had literacy levels approximately equal to adults who grew up in homes with large libraries but only attended school for nine years.
Jessica Stillman [of Inc.] writes, surrounding yourself with more books than you could ever read says good things about your mind. Those books serve as a constant reminder of all the things you don’t know—which helps keep you intellectually hungry and curious. And possibly, this will keep you a little more modest, since research shows the quicker you are to admit you don’t know something, the faster you can then learn it. As Jeff Bezos says, a key sign of intelligence is the willingness to change your mind, something that only happens if you’re willing to admit that your current thinking may not be the best thinking. Modesty, learning and the willingness to change your mind when new data presents itself: That’s another three bonus every entrepreneur can benefit from.
12．What does paragraph 1 mainly talk about the research?
A．Tough process. B．Inspiring discovery.
C．Numerous data. D．Advanced technology.
13．Which of the following can best replace the underlined word “offset” in paragraph 2?
A．Compete with. B．Differ from. C．Go against. D．Compensate for.
14．Why does the author mention Jessica?
A．To keep readers intellectually hungry. B．To stress the significance of modesty.
C．To remind readers of their ignorance. D．To evidence the benefits of home library.
15．What is the passage mainly about?
A．Home library size indicates lifelong skills. B．Home reading equals to a college degree.
C．Modesty makes a promising entrepreneur. D．Childhood libraries lead to adulthood success.
【答案】12．B13．D14．B15．A
【解析】这是一篇说明文。研究人员注意到，家庭图书馆的规模表明，以书籍为导向的社会化，使年轻人拥有终身的品味、技能和知识。文章还说明了在家庭图书馆的环境中长大，可以提高成年人的读写、计算和解决技术问题的能力，这远远超过了父母教育或自己的教育或职业成就所带来的好处。
12．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Reading books can obviously make you a better, smarter entrepreneur. According to a 2018 study of over 160,000 adults in 31 countries, the more books that were present in participants’ childhood homes, the more competent they now were as adults with skills in literacy, mathematics, and technological problem-solving. Researchers note that book-oriented socialization, indicated by home library size, equips youth with lifelong tastes, skill and knowledge.(读书显然能让你成为一个更好、更聪明的企业家。2018年的一项研究对31个国家的16万多名成年人进行了调查，结果显示，参与者小时候家里的书越多，他们成年后就越有能力，具备读写、数学和解决技术问题的技能。研究人员注意到，家庭图书馆的规模表明，以书籍为导向的社会化，使年轻人拥有终身的品味、技能和知识)”可知，第一段主要讲的是鼓舞人心的发现。故选B。
13．词句猜测题。根据画线词后文“Adults who grew up with relatively few books in their homes and later earned a college degree had literacy levels approximately equal to adults who grew up in homes with large libraries but only attended school for nine years.”可知，那些在家中书籍相对较少的环境中长大、后来获得大学学位的成年人，其文化水平与那些在拥有大量图书馆的家庭中长大、但只上了九年学的成年人大致相当，由此可见高等教育并不一定能弥补“家里有很多书”的优势。故画线词意思是“弥补”。A. Compete with.竞争；B. Differ from.不同于；C. Go against.反对；D. Compensate for.弥补。故选D。
14．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Jessica Stillman [of Inc.] writes, surrounding yourself with more books than you could ever read says good things about your mind. Those books serve as a constant reminder of all the things you don’t know—which helps keep you intellectually hungry and curious. And possibly, this will keep you a little more modest, since research shows the quicker you are to admit you don’t know something, the faster you can then learn it.(杰西卡·斯蒂尔曼写道，让自己置身于你读不完的书之中，这说明你的思想很好。这些书会不断提醒你还有什么东西是你不知道的，这有助于你保持求知欲和好奇心。这可能会让你更谦虚一点，因为研究表明，你越快承认自己不知道某件事，你就能越快地学会它)”可推知，作者提到杰西卡是为了强调谦虚的重要性。故选B。
15．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Reading books can obviously make you a better, smarter entrepreneur. According to a 2018 study of over 160,000 adults in 31 countries, the more books that were present in participants’ childhood homes, the more competent they now were as adults with skills in literacy, mathematics, and technological problem-solving. Researchers note that book-oriented socialization, indicated by home library size, equips youth with lifelong tastes, skill and knowledge.(读书显然能让你成为一个更好、更聪明的企业家。2018年的一项研究对31个国家的16万多名成年人进行了调查，结果显示，参与者小时候家里的书越多，他们成年后就越有能力，具备读写、数学和解决技术问题的技能。研究人员注意到，家庭图书馆的规模表明，以书籍为导向的社会化，使年轻人拥有终身的品味、技能和知识)”结合文章还说明了在家庭图书馆的环境中长大，可以提高成年人的读写、计算和解决技术问题的能力，这远远超过了父母教育或自己的教育或职业成就所带来的好处。可知，这篇文章主要讲的是家庭图书馆的大小能表明终身技能。故选A。
阅读理解【广东省汕头市2022届普通高考第一次模拟】
Cheesy Pizza Stuffing
Yield: 4 to 6 servings
Time: 45 minutes, plus drying bread
Ingredients:
• 1(12-to 14-ounce) loaf brioche (黄油面包), torn into bite-size pieces (about 4 cups)
• 4 tablespoons unsalted butter, plus more softened butter
• 1 large yellow onion
• Salt and black pepper and 2 tablespoons tomato sauce
• 1 large egg and 1 cup whole milk
• 2 cups shredded low-moisture mozzarella (马苏里拉奶酪)
Directions:
The night before serving, spread the bread pieces on a sheet pan and let sit on the counter to dry out. Alternatively, you can bake them at 250 degrees until completely dried out and no longer soft, 20 to 30 minutes.
When ready to make the stuffing, transfer the bread to a large bowl. Heat oven to 350 degrees and grease a 9-by-13-inch or 8-by-11-inch baking dish with softened butter. Melt the 4 tablespoons butter in a large skillet over medium-high and add the thinly sliced onion. Season with salt and pepper, and cook, stirring occasionally, until slightly browned at the edges, 5 to 7 minutes. Stir in the tomato sauce and cook until fragrant, about I minute.
In a medium bowl, beat the egg with a fork, then beat in the milk. Pour the milk mixture over the bread and toss with two spoons until evenly coated. Add 1 cup mozzarella and toss again until well combined. Let sit until the bread fully absorbs the liquid, about 5 minutes.
Transfer the stuffing and any accumulated liquid to the greased baking dish, spread out evenly and top with the remaining 1 cup mozzarella. (To make ahead, you can stop at this stage, cover the dish and refrigerate for up to 24 hours.)
Bake, uncovered, until heated through and the cheese is melted, 15 to 25 minutes. (You may need to add a few minutes to the bake time if the stuffing has been refrigerated.)
1．Which ingredient is unnecessary for the dish?
A．Tomato. B．Milk.
C．Butter. D．Salt.
2．Which procedure correctly follows the Directions?
A．The onion used should be thickly cut.
B．The bread pieces should be softened before serving.
C．Two cups of mozzarella should be added respectively.
D．The stuffing which has been refrigerated should be baked for 24 hours.
3．How is the Directions organized?
A．By giving examples. B．By offering analyses.
C．By presenting findings. D．By following time order.
【答案】1．A2．C3．C
【解析】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了干酪披萨馅料制作的指导说明。
1．细节理解题。根据Ingredients中“4 tablespoons unsalted butter, plus more softened butter”（4汤匙无盐黄油，再加上更多软化黄油）、“Salt and black pepper and 2 tablespoons tomato sauce”（盐、黑胡椒和2汤匙番茄酱）以及“1 large egg and 1 cup whole milk”（1个大鸡蛋和1杯全脂牛奶）可知，成分中分别有黄油、盐、牛奶以及西红柿酱，并没有西红柿。故选A项。
2．推理判断题。根据Directions 中第三段的“Add 1 cup mozzarella and toss again until well combined.”（加入一杯马苏里拉奶酪，搅拌均匀。）以及第四段的“spread out evenly and top with the remaining 1 cup mozzarella”（均匀摊开，盖上剩下的1杯马苏里拉奶酪）可知，在这个指示过程中，分别加入两杯马苏里拉奶酪。ABD项均与原文实意不符。故选C项。
3．推理判断题。根据Directions中第一段的“until completely dried out and no longer soft”（直到它们完全变干，不再松软）、第二段的“until slightly browned at the edges”（直到边缘略呈棕色）、第三段的“until the bread fully absorbs the liquid”（直到面包完全吸收液体）以及第五段的“until heated through and the cheese is melted”（直到加热完全和奶酪融化）可知，这个指导说明步骤是通过呈现结果来组织的。故选C项。
Margie wrote about it that night in her diary, “Today Tommy found a real book!”
It was a very old book. Margie’s grandfather once said that when he was a little boy his grandfather told him that there was a time when all stories were printed on paper. They turned the pages, which were yellow and crinkly (皱巴巴的), and it was awfully funny to read words that stood still instead of moving the way they were supposed to— on a screen.
“What’s it about?”
“School.”
Margie was scornful. “School? What’s there to write about school?” Margie was always fed up with school. The mechanical teacher had been giving her test after test in geography. So she said to Tommy, “Why would anyone write about school?”
Tommy looked at her with very superior eyes, “Because it’s not our kind of school, stupid. This is the old kind of school that they had centuries ago.”
She read the book over his shoulder for a while, then said, “Anyway, they had a teacher.”
“Sure they had a teacher, but it wasn’t a regular teacher. It was a man.”
“A man isn’t smart enough.” She added, “I wouldn’t want a strange man in my house to teach me.”
Tommy screamed with laughter. “You don’t know much, Margie. They had a special building and all the kids of the same age went there, learning the same thing from 8 a.m. to 5 p.m. on weekdays.
They weren’t even half-finished when Margie’s mother called, “Margie! School!” Margie looked up. “Not yet, Mamma.” “Now!” said Mrs. Jones.
Actually the mechanical teacher was on and waiting for her. It was always on at the same time every day except Saturday and Sunday, because her mother said little girls learned better if they learned at regular time.
The large screen was lit up. “Today’s math lesson is on the addition of proper fractions (分数). Please insert yesterday’s homework in the proper slot (插槽).” Margie did so with a sigh. She was thinking about how the kids must have loved it in the old days. All the kids from the whole neighborhood came, sitting together in the schoolroom, going home together at the end of the day. And the teachers were people. She was thinking about the fun they had.
4．What does the underlined word “scornful” in Para.5 mean?
A．Interested. B．Amazed.
C．Doubtful. D．Disrespectful.
5．Where is Margie’s schoolroom?
A．Inside her house. B．In a special building.
C．On a large screen. D．Around her neighborhood.
6．What is the similarity between the school in the book and the one Margie attended?
A．Teachers of great wisdom. B．Classmates of the same age.
C．Regular schooling hours. D．Advanced learning equipment.
7．Which of the following may Margie agree with?
A．Doing math homework is more than funny.
B．The school life in the old days is much more appealing.
C．Mechanical teachers are more suitable in teaching for her.
D．Reading on a screen is more convenient than reading a real book.
【答案】4．D5．A6．C7．B
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了玛吉从汤米读的一本书中发现了过去的学校生活比现在的学习方式更吸引人。
4．词义猜测题。根据第五段划线词后“School? What’s there to write about school?” Margie was always fed up with school.”（学校吗?学校有什么好写的?”玛吉总是对学校感到厌倦。）可知，玛吉是感到不耐烦的，故可推知scornful一词在此处表示“轻蔑的，不尊重的”。结合选项D Disrespectful“不尊重的”意思保持一致。故选D项。
5．细节理解题。根据第九段中“She added, “I wouldn’t want a strange man in my house to teach me.””（她还说，“我可不想让一个陌生人来我家教我。）可知，玛吉的教室是在她的家中。故选A项。
6．推理判断题。根据第十段中“They had a special building and all the kids of the same age went there, learning the same thing from 8 a.m. to 5 p.m. on weekdays.”（他们有一个特殊的建筑，所有同龄的孩子都去那里，在工作日的早上8点到下午5点学习同样的东西。）以及第十二段中“It was always on at the same time every day except Saturday and Sunday, because her mother said little girls learned better if they learned at regular time.”（除了星期六和星期天，她每天都在同一个时间上课，因为她妈妈说，如果小女孩能按时学习，她们会学得更好。）可知，书中的学校和玛吉上过的学校有着相似的固定上课时间。故选C项。
7．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Margie did so with a sigh. She was thinking about how the kids must have loved it in the old days. All the kids from the whole neighborhood came, sitting together in the schoolroom, going home together at the end of the day.”（玛吉叹了口气。她在想以前的孩子们一定很喜欢。所有邻居的孩子都来了，一起坐在教室里，放学后一起回家。）可知，玛吉赞同过去的学校生活更吸引人。故选B项。
When Zhu Caiping, 73, was diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment three years ago, she found that anxiety, depression and even looking down on herself became normal in her life. It was not until last year, after she participated in a reality show and became a restaurant server, that her situation began to improve dramatically.
The restaurant in Shanghai where she works is the Forget Me Not Cafe. It shares the goal of providing job opportunities for elderly people who have Alzheimer’s disease or other cognitive impairments.
“I provide basic services for guests, such as pouring water, serving and taking orders. I can now remember all the dishes on the menu,” said Zhu, who has come to the restaurant three times a week since February and works three hours a day. “The colleagues take good care of us. The never allow us to deliver hot dishes such as soups. The guests are also very tolerant of us, because sometimes we make mistakes.”
Because of memory loss, Zhu writes down all the information she wants to remember on sticky notes, such as the names of the volunteers and teacher as well as English words.
“People with cognitive impairment actually refuse and fear to communicate with society but this will worsen their condition.” She added, “With the deterioration (退化) of brain function, they may gradually lose memory and the ability to take care of themselves and might even see the loss of emotions.” In addition to the job opportunities for the elderly, information about cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease is posted on a board outside the restaurant to help people recognize symptoms and seek treatment as soon as possible.
As China faces an aging population, the increasing number of seniors with cognitive impairment has become a significant social issue. “We should feel lucky that the whole of society is concerned about the seniors, especially for people like us. The neighborhood committee always checks on our situation and watches for other elderly people with symptoms.” Zhu said.
8．What can we know about Zhu Caiping?
A．She always made mistakes at work.
B．She made efforts to be equal to the job.
C．She was a full-time restaurant server in a Shanghai café.
D．She was one of those suffering from severe cognitive impairment.
9．How might people with cognitive impairment feel?
A．Forgetful and upset. B．Anxious but lucky.
C．Tolerant and careful. D．Indifferent but energetic.
10．Why is information about cognitive impairment posted outside the restaurant?
A．To provide treatment for the sick. B．To seek approval from the citizens.
C．To offer the elderly job opportunities. D．To equip people with relevant knowledge.
11．In which section of a newspaper the passage most likely be found?
A．Health. B．Society.
C．Culture. D．Business.
【答案】8．B9．B10．D11．A
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了患有轻度认知障碍的老人Zhu Caiping通过在餐馆服务，使得病情得到改善，文章呼吁社会关心和提供机会帮助患有认知障碍的人。
8．细节理解题。根据第三段“I provide basic services for guests, such as pouring water, serving and taking orders. I can now remember all the dishes on the menu(我可以为客人提供基本的服务，例如：倒水，提供菜单，记下菜单上所有的菜名)”可知，她在努力去胜任这个服务员的工作。故选B。
9．细节理解题。根据第一段“she found that anxiety, depression and even looking down on herself became normal in her life. (她发现焦虑，沮丧，看不起自己，成为她生活的常态)”以及最后一段“We should feel lucky that the whole of society is concerned about the seniors, especially for people like us. (我们应该感到幸运，因为整个社会都在关心老年人，特别是像我们一样的人)”可知，患有认知障碍的人常会感到焦虑，但同时也感到幸运，因为有全社会的关心。故选B。
10．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“In addition to the job opportunities for the elderly, information about cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease is posted on a board outside the restaurant to help people recognize symptoms and seek treatment as soon as possible. (除了为老年人提供就业机会，在饭馆外面张贴有关认知障碍和老年痴呆症的相关信息去帮助人们认识这些病的症状和尽快寻求治疗方案)”可知，张贴有关认知障碍的相关信息是为了帮助人们了解这些病的相关信息。故选D。
11．推理判断题。通读全文并结合第一段“When Zhu Caiping, 73, was diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment three years ago, (73岁的Zhu Caiping在3年前被确诊为轻度认知障碍)”可知，本文将讲述疾病方面的话题，因此属于健康范畴。因此在报纸的健康栏目可以读到。故选A。
D【广东省汕头市2022届普通高考第一次模拟】
Compared with the obvious environmental issues we hear about every day, littering often takes a backseat-but it’s more pressing than we may think.
Some may say that a banana peel out of your car along the motorway would be a harmless action. Actually, they are wrong. A banana peel can take up to two years to decompose (分解), and with a third of motorists admitting to littering while driving, that’s a whole lot of discarded banana peels, or much worse. An orange peel and a cigarette butt has a similar biodegrading (生物降解) term to that of a banana, but tin and aluminium cans last up to 100 years, and plastic bottles last forever, so do glass bottles and plastic bags.
Despite the fact that longer-lasting materials will serve to damage the environment and its animals for longer, we can’t only measure the severity of a certain type of rubbish by its lifetime. For example, despite having a fairly short biodegrading span, more than 120 tons of cigarette-related litter is thrown away in the UK every day. Similarly, our regular littering here and there has caused the UK’s mouse population to increase by 60 million. This suddenly isn’t so mysterious when you consider that since the 1960s our annual littering has increased by an amazing 500 per cent.
It’s not a cheap habit either: UK taxpayers spent f500 million on keeping the streets clean. So, it’s not surprising that if caught fly-tipping, you could face a ￡20,000 fine. Regardless of how severe the punishment might seem, however, among the reported cases only 2,000 were punished out of 825,000, so we still have some way to go in making sure people observe the rules.
To take back our beautiful cities, we need to do more than simply not leaving rubbish where it ought not to be. We need to care more about the world around us.
12．Which of the following is easiest to decompose comparatively?
A．An orange peel. B．A plastic bag.
C．An aluminium can. D．A glass bottle.
13．What can we know from Para.3?
A．Annual littering has increased a little in UK since the 1960s.
B．Shorter-lasting materials will be less harmful to the environment.
C．Cigarette-related litter is a severe environmental problem in UK.
D．Regular littering has caused the UK’s mouse population to reach 60 million.
14．Which of the following can best describe UK’s punishment on littering according to Para.4?
A．Every little helps. B．A drop in the bucket.
C．No pains, no gains. D．More haste, less speed.
15．What is the best title of the passage?
A．Rubbish collection, an urgent task. B．Environment issue, a big concern.
C．Littering, a surprisingly big issue. D．Long-lasting material, a hidden danger.
【答案】12．A13．C14．B15．C
【解析】这是一篇议论文。主要讨论了乱扔垃圾往往被置于次要地位——但它比我们想象的更紧迫。
12．细节理解题。根据第二段中“An orange peel and a cigarette butt has a similar biodegrading   term to that of a banana, but tin and aluminium cans last up to 100 years, and plastic bottles last forever, so do glass bottles and plastic bags.”（桔皮和烟头的生物降解作用与香蕉相似，但锡和铝罐可以保存100年，塑料瓶可以保存到永远，玻璃瓶和塑料袋也是如此。）可知，桔子皮相比较其他三种东西更容易分解。故选A项。
13．推理判断题。根据第三段“Despite the fact that longer-lasting materials will serve to damage the environment and its animals for longer, we can’t only measure the severity of a certain type of rubbish by its lifetime. For example, despite having a fairly short biodegrading span, more than 120 tons of cigarette-related litter is thrown away in the UK every day.”（尽管更持久的材料会对环境和动物造成更长久的破坏，但我们不能仅仅通过它的寿命来衡量某种垃圾的严重程度。例如，尽管香烟的生物降解时间很短，但英国每天仍有超过120吨与香烟有关的垃圾被丢弃。）可知，在英国，与香烟有关的垃圾是一个严重的环境问题。ABD项均与原文实意不符。故选C项。
14．推理判断题。根据第四段中“Regardless of how severe the punishment might seem, however, among the reported cases only 2,000 were punished out of 825,000, so we still have some way to go in making sure people observe the rules.”（然而，不管处罚看起来多么严厉，在报告的82.5万件案件中，只有2000件被处罚，因此，在确保人们遵守规则方面还有一段路要走。）可知，关于在垃圾上的处罚是远远不够的。结合选项意思A“每一点都是有帮助的”、B“沧海一粟，九牛一毛”、C“没有付出就没有收获”、D“欲速则不达”可知与B项意思符合。故选B项。
15．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Compared with the obvious environmental issues we hear about every day, littering often takes a backseat-but it’s more pressing than we may think.”（与我们每天听到的显而易见的环境问题相比，乱扔垃圾往往被置于次要地位——但它比我们想象的更紧迫。）以及最后一段“To take back our beautiful cities, we need to do more than simply not leaving rubbish where it ought not to be. We need to care more about the world around us.”（为了夺回我们美丽的城市，我们需要做的不仅仅是不把垃圾留在不该在的地方。我们需要更多地关心我们周围的世界。）可知，文章主要讲的是乱扔垃圾是一个惊人的大问题。故选C项。
阅读理解【2022届福建省厦门市高三毕业班第二次质量检测】

Letter 1Your article (November) mentioned a doctor's visit for “heat and compression” treatment. I bought an inexpensive microwavable moist-heat eye compress online and use it for several minutes at bedtime to help open the oil glands. Plus, the warmth and ritual help me relax and fall asleep. No more messy washcloth compresses for me!
—Julie Evans
Minneapolis, Minnesota
Letter 2The Quality Inn in Kodak, Tennessee, turning into a shelter during a historic winter storm showed so much kindness that I read the story twice (November). For Sean Patel to open his hotel to locals in need during the storm and power outage, at Christmastime and for just $25 (the lowest price the corporate regulations would allow), was priceless. The town is a better place because of Patel and his staff.
—Annette Wolfe
Shelton, Connecticut
Letter 3You suggested using toothpicks to raise a pot lid and prevent the pot from boiling over (October). I prevent boilovers by just laying a wooden spoon over the open pot. The spoon will pop most of the bubbles on contact—hasn't failed me yet!
—Pam Snellgrove
LaGrange, Georgia
Letter 4The story about a snorkeler, Carter Viss, who lost his arm after getting hit by a speedboat (October)—and then forgiving the driver—was among the most compelling I've ever read. Here was a story of health and loss, sea and shore, healing and the hope to endure out of the darkness into the light. Simply marvelous!
—Leander Jones
Northport, Alabama

1．Which of the following highlights Letter 1?
A．We Found a Fix. B．Dealing with Dry Eye.
C．Run Over by a Speedboat. D．So Nice You Have to Read It Twice.
2．Who forgave the driver after an accident?
A．Annette Wolfe. B．Pam Snellgrove.
C．Carter Viss. D．Leander Jones.
3．What do these four letters have in common?
A．They are notes on past issues. B．They give advice on how to read.
C．They are remarks on human virtues. D．They offer information about health.
【答案】1．A2．C3．A
【解析】这是一篇应用文。文章是选自《读者文摘》的四封信。
1．推理判断题。根据第一封信“I bought an inexpensive microwavable moist-heat eye compress online and use it for several minutes at bedtime to help open the oil glands. Plus, the warmth and ritual help me relax and fall asleep.”（我在网上买了一款便宜的微波湿热眼袋，睡前用几分钟来帮助打开油腺。 此外，温暖和仪式帮助我放松和入睡）可推知第一封信突出了我们找到了解决方法。故选A。
2．细节理解题。根据第四封信“The story about a snorkeler, Carter Viss, who lost his arm after getting hit by a speedboat (October)—and then forgiving the driver—was among the most compelling I've ever read.”（10月，一名潜水者卡特·维斯(Carter Viss)被一艘快艇撞到，失去了一只手臂，然后原谅了司机，这是我读过的最引人入胜的故事之一）可知Carter Viss在事故后原谅了司机。故选C。
3．细节理解题。根据图片内容“anniversary issue”（周年纪念特刊）以及四封信的具体内容，可知这四封信的共同之处是它们是对过去事情的注释。故选A。
B【2022届福建省厦门市高三毕业班第二次质量检测】
I live in Xizhou in Yunnan Province, on the historic Tea Horse Road. I have to admit that when I first heard that Paul Salopek was going to walk the entire globe on his own two feet, I was blown away. I couldn't imagine that there could be such an unusual person in the world.
Last May, I met Paul. He told me that it was his first time in China. He talked to me with great excitement about the history, migrations, and discoveries in my region of China. He spoke of the Shu-Yandu Dao (the Southern Silk Road), the travels of the 17th-century Chinese explorer Xu Xiake, the Tea Horse Road and the early 20th-century American botanist Joseph Rock. He also talked of Xuanzang. Paul considered many of them heroes and in a sense Chinese pioneers of slow journalism.
I decided to accompany Paul on his walk toward Yunnan. On September 28, 2021, we set out. Our days were simple: walk, eat, sleep, and repeat. We woke up at sunrise, set off in high spirits, and rested at sunset, dragging ourselves into exhausted sleep.
We met many people on the road. Some were curious, surrounding us and watching us; some gave us directions; some invited us into their home to take a rest; some spoke of the charm of their hometown. We met many beautiful souls, simple souls and warm souls. We were walking with our minds.
Together, we were impressed by the biodiversity of the Gaoligong Mountains. As I walked on ancient paths through mountains, I seemed to hear the antique voices of past travelers urging me to be careful on the road.
Looking back on the more than 200 miles I walked with Paul, I came to a realization. Walking for its own sake, while healthy and admirable, is only a small part of the benefit of moving with our feet. A deeper reward is rediscovering the world around us, shortening the distance between each other, and sharing each other's cultures.
4．How did the writer first respond to Paul's travel plan?
A．Scared. B．Puzzled. C．Disappointed. D．Surprised.
5．What can we learn about Paul Salopek from paragraph 2?
A．He was a western journalist. B．He had a knowledge of China.
C．He came to China several times. D．He was Joseph Rock's acquaintance.
6．What does paragraph 4 tell us about the writer and Paul?
A．They honored the ancestors. B．They set off in high spirits.
C．They satisfied the locals' curiosity. D．They built bonds with people.
7．What is the main purpose of the writer's writing the text?
A．To share and reflect on a journey. B．To suggest a new way of travel.
C．To advocate protection of biodiversity. D．To introduce and promote Chinese culture.
【答案】4．D5．B6．D7．A
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者住在云南喜洲，在历史悠久的茶马古道上，遇到了要用双脚环游地球的保罗·萨洛佩克，决定陪保罗去云南。描述了他们路上的见闻和感悟。
4．细节理解题。根据第一段中“I have to admit that when I first heard that Paul Salopek was going to walk the entire globe on his own two feet, I was blown away. I couldn't imagine that there could be such an unusual person in the world.(我不得不承认，当我第一次听说保罗·萨洛佩克要用自己的双脚环游地球时，我被震撼了。我无法想象世界上会有这样一个不寻常的人)”可推知，作者最初对保罗的旅行计划感到吃惊。故选D。
5．细节理解题。根据第二段“Last May, I met Paul. He told me that it was his first time in China. He talked to me with great excitement about the history, migrations, and discoveries in my region of China. He spoke of the Shu-Yandu Dao (the Southern Silk Road), the travels of the 17th-century Chinese explorer Xu Xiake, the Tea Horse Road and the early 20th-century American botanist Joseph Rock. He also talked of Xuanzang. Paul considered many of them heroes and in a sense Chinese pioneers of slow journalism.(去年五月，我遇到了保罗。他告诉我这是他第一次来中国。他兴奋地跟我讲起我所在的中国地区的历史、移民和发现。他谈到了南方丝绸之路，17世纪中国探险家徐霞客的旅行，茶马之路，以及20世纪初美国植物学家约瑟夫·洛克。他还谈到了玄奘。保罗认为其中许多人都是英雄，从某种意义上说，他们是中国慢新闻的先驱)”可知，保罗·萨洛佩克对中国有一定的了解。故选B。
6．主旨大意题。根据第四段“We met many people on the road. Some were curious, surrounding us and watching us; some gave us directions; some invited us into their home to take a rest; some spoke of the charm of their hometown. We met many beautiful souls, simple souls and warm souls. We were walking with our minds.(我们在路上遇到了许多人。有些人很好奇，围着我们，看着我们；有人给我们指路；有些人邀请我们去他们家休息；一些人谈到了家乡的魅力。我们遇见了许多美丽的灵魂，朴素的灵魂和温暖的灵魂。我们在用我们的思想行走)”可知，第四段主要说明了作者和保罗与人们建立了联系。故选D。
7．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Looking back on the more than 200 miles I walked with Paul, I came to a realization. Walking for its own sake, while healthy and admirable, is only a small part of the benefit of moving with our feet. A deeper reward is rediscovering the world around us, shortening the distance between each other, and sharing each other's cultures. (回顾我和保罗一起走过的200多英里，我有了一个认识。步行本身的好处，虽然健康和令人钦佩，但只是步行好处的一小部分。更深层次的回报是重新发现我们周围的世界，缩短彼此之间的距离，分享彼此的文化)”结合文章主要讲述了作者住在云南喜洲，在历史悠久的茶马古道上，遇到了要用双脚环游地球的保罗·萨洛佩克，决定陪保罗去云南。描述了他们路上的见闻和感悟。可推知，文章的目的是分享和回顾一段旅程。故选A。
C【2022届福建省厦门市高三毕业班第二次质量检测】
Time zones were created by railroad officials to deal with a major headache. It was becoming impossible to know what time it was. At that time each town or city in the US kept its own solar time. “Fifty-six standards of time are now employed by the various railroads in preparing their schedules of running time,” reported The New York Times on April 19, 1883.
In 1883, railroad representatives attended the General Railroad Time Convention. On April 11, railroad officials agreed to create five time zones in North America. And the new standard took effect on November 18, 1883.
Though the new time standard was not sanctioned by the federal government, the Naval Observatory in Washington offered to send, by telegraph, a new time signal so people could synchronize (同步) their watches. Most people had no objection to the new time standard. An article in The New York Times on November 16, 1883 noted, “The passenger from Chicago to New Orleans, can make the entire run without changing his watch.”
As the time change was instituted by the railroads, and voluntarily accepted by many towns and cities, some incidents of confusion appeared. A report in The Philadelphia Inquirer on November 21, 1883, described an incident where a debtor had been ordered to report to a Boston courtroom before 10:00. He appeared at 9:48, standard time, but was ruled that it was after 10:00.
Incidents like that demonstrated the need for everyone to adopt the new standard time. However, there were objections. An item in The New York Times on June 28, 1884, detailed how the city of Louisville had given up on standard time. Louisville set all its clocks ahead 18 minutes to return to solar time.
By the 1890s, standard time and time zones were accepted as ordinary. The successful adoption in the US in 1883 set an example of how time zones could spread across the globe. The following year, a conference in Paris created the time zones worldwide and eventually they came into use.
8．What was the headache of the railroad officers?
A．Various railroads. B．Different solar times.
C．Endless conferences. D．Frequent press coverage.
9．What does the underlined word “sanctioned” in paragraph 3 probably mean?
A．Approved. B．Replaced.
C．Tested. D．Raised.
10．Evidence of opposition to standard time was available in __________.
A．The New York Times (April 19, 1883)
B．The New York Times (November 16, 1883)
C．The Philadelphia Inquirer (November 21, 1883)
D．The New York Times (June 28, 1884)
11．What is the last paragraph mainly about?
A．The US simplified time zones. B．Paris created its time zone.
C．Time zones went worldwide. D．Time zones proved effective.
【答案】8．B9．A10．C11．C
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了时区是怎么来的。
8．细节理解题。根据第一段“At that time each town or city in the US kept its own solar time.”可知，让铁路官员头疼的是美国的每个城镇都有自己的太阳时，即：不同的太阳时，故选B。
9．词义猜测题。根据划线词后的“the Naval Observatory in Washington offered to send, by telegraph, a new time signal so people could synchronize their watches.”（但华盛顿的海军天文台提出通过电报发送新的时间信号，以便人们可以同步到手表）及表示让步转折的Though可知，新的时间标准没有得到联邦政府的批准，由此可知划线词词义为“批准”，故选A。
10．细节理解题。根据第四段“A report in The Philadelphia Inquirer on November 21, 1883, described an incident where a debtor had been ordered to report to a Boston courtroom before 10:00. He appeared at 9:48, standard time, but was ruled that it was after 10:00.”（1883年11月21日，《费城问询报》的一篇报道描述了一个事件，一名债务人被要求在10:00前向波士顿法院报告。他在标准时间9:48出现，但被裁定是在10:00之后）可知，反对标准时间的证据可以在1883年11月21日的《费城问询报》找到，故选C。
11．段落大意题。根据最后一段“By the 1890s, standard time and time zones were accepted as ordinary. The successful adoption in the US in 1883 set an example of how time zones could spread across the globe. The following year, a conference in Paris created the time zones worldwide and eventually they came into use.”（到了19世纪90年代，标准时区被视为普通时区。1883年在美国的成功采用为时区如何在全球传播树立了榜样。第二年，在巴黎召开的一次会议确立了全球时区，并最终投入使用）可知，本段主要介绍了时区走向全球，即：全球都采用时区标准，故选C。
D【2022届福建省厦门市高三毕业班第二次质量检测】
Compared to metal, ceramics (陶瓷) can better resist high temperatures and certain severe environments, but they are fragile. This potentially causes problems for innovators trying to create lightweight versions of these materials, explaining why ceramic materials are not typically used as structural components.
Facing the challenging task of developing lightweight, high-strength ceramic materials, Mechanical Engineering Assistant Professor Ling Li has turned to the knobby sea star from the tropical Indo-Pacific for design inspiration.
Sea star skeletons (骨骼) are made of an easily broken material. However, the body of the sea star demonstrates high strength and flexibility. Uncovering the principles of this structure may help solve the challenges of making stronger ceramics.
What the team found was unexpected. The skeleton of the knobby star consists of many millimeter-sized skeletal elements. Li and his team discovered that each is constructed of a microlattice (微晶) structure so uniform that it can be described mathematically. Even more interesting, the team found the uniform structure of the microlattice is essentially a single crystal structure at atomic level.
Based on the finding, Li and his collaborators used 3D printing to model and generate large-scale versions of these complex lattice structures, a useful approach in understanding the complexity of these unique geometries. While the 3D-printed models created by Li's team were indeed visually inspiring, the technology needed to bring new, stronger ceramic micro-architectures to market still lay in the future. Currently, 3D printers produce structures at the micrometer level, but printing ceramics still requires firing the final product, which possibly introduces many uncontrolled tiny holes and cracks. These make the structures extremely fragile.
Li hopes that continued advances in the field of 3D printing and further understanding of the formation mechanisms of biological structures like sea star skeletons eventually offer a solution.
12．What does Li's team mainly focus on to improve ceramics?
A．Their strength. B．Their flexibility.
C．Their heat-resistance. D．Their main component.
13．In which aspect do the researchers explore sea star skeletons?
A．Function. B．Material. C．Structure. D．Size.
14．What is a barrier to the practical application of the finding?
A．The inability to print tiny structures.
B．The failure to produce a larger sea star model.
C．Inadequate technology in heating products.
D．Misunderstanding in the nature of ceramics.
15．What can be a suitable title for the text?
A．The Secret in Fragile Skeletons
B．3D Printing for Sea Star Models
C．Ceramics as Perfect Structural Components
D．A Star in the World of Ceramic Engineering
【答案】12．A13．C14．C15．D
【解析】这是一篇说明文，陶瓷比金属能更好地承受高温和腐蚀性环境，但其易碎性往往使其容易断裂，弗吉尼亚理工大学教授通过研究海星骨骼，为制作更坚固的轻质陶瓷指明了方向。
12．细节理解题。根据第一段中“but they are fragile(但是它们易碎)”及第三段最后一句“Uncovering the principles of this structure may help solve the challenges of making stronger ceramics.(揭示这种结构的原理可能有助于解决制造更强陶瓷的挑战。)”可知，陶瓷易碎，Li的团队主要专注于坚固性来改进陶瓷。故选A项。
13．细节理解题。根据第三段内容“Sea star skeletons (骨骼) are made of an easily broken material. However, the body of the sea star demonstrates high strength and flexibility. Uncovering the principles of this structure may help solve the challenges of making stronger ceramics.(海星的骨骼是由一种容易破碎的物质构成的。然而，海星的身体显示出高强度和灵活性。揭示这种结构的原理可能有助于解决制造更强陶瓷的挑战。)”可知，研究人员探索的是海星骨骼的结构。故选C项。
14．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Currently, 3D printers produce structures at the micrometer level, but printing ceramics still requires firing the final product, which possibly introduces many uncontrolled tiny holes and cracks.(目前，3D打印机在微米级生产结构，但印刷陶瓷仍然需要烧制最终产品，这可能引入许多无法控制的微孔和裂缝。)”可知，烧制产品技术不足是这一发现应用到实际中的障碍。故选C项。
15．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第三段最后一句“Uncovering the principles of this structure may help solve the challenges of making stronger ceramics.(揭示这种结构的原理可能有助于解决制造更强陶瓷的挑战。)”可知，文章主要讲述弗吉尼亚理工大学教授通过研究海星骨骼，为制作更坚固的轻质陶瓷指明了方向。故D项“陶瓷工程界之星”适合作为文章标题。故选D项。
阅读理解【2022届山东省日照市高三一模】
Teen adventure: Europe coast to coast 2022
If you are interested in Europe Coast to Coast for the summer of2022, please reach out to us and we will notify you when we’ve published the 2022 schedule and opened the application.
Holland, Belgium, Paris
Our group will gather in Amsterdam and spend the first night in the ancient Dutch city of Haarlem before picking up the well-traveled Nordzeeroute bike route. This protected, coastal path winds its way along the coast of the North Sea for nearly 300 miles, past windmills and over banks. We’ll make our way through charming Dutch and Belgian towns and cross the border into France. Once in France, we’ll ride quiet country roads through small villages, enjoying the many delights of rural French life along our way. We’ll continue south to Chantilly and take a train in to spend a day in the City of Light.
Rural France, Germany’s Black Forest & the Bodensee
From Paris, we continue east through the vineyard(葡萄园) covered hills of the Champagne region, into the green valleys of Alsace-Lorraine, and then on to Strasbourg, right on France’s border with Germany. We’ll cross the Rhine River and follow Germany’s outstanding network of bike paths through the charming Black Forest to the shores of Lake Constance, also known in Germany as the Bodensee. We’ll look across this famous lake to the snow-covered peaks of the Alps—the next leg of our journey together.
The Alps, Northern Italy Venice
Leaving the Bodensee, we’ll start our climb into and through the Austrian Alps. Shortly after skirting the Swiss border, we’ll cross into Bella Italia and begin our downhill descent(斜坡) toward the warm waters of the Adriatic Sea. Upon arrival, we’ll put our bikes away and spend our final days together celebrating our great cycling skills while exploring Venice, one of the world’s most beautiful and mysterious cities.
1．Where will the adventurers explore the City of Light?
A．In France. B．In Holland. C．In Belgium. D．In Germany.
2．What will the adventurers do in Germany?
A．Swim in the Rhine River. B．Sail on Lake Constance.
C．Get to the top of the Alps. D．Ride through the Black Forest.
3．How many countries will the adventurers cross in total?
A．Five. B．Six. C．Seven. D．Eight.
【答案】1．A2．D3．B
【解析】这是一篇应用文，文章介绍了Europe coast to coast2022年夏季活动的行程。
1．细节理解题。根据Holland, Belgium, Paris部分中“Once in France, we’ll ride quiet country roads through small villages, enjoying the many delights of rural French life along our way. We’ll continue south to Chantilly and take a train in to spend a day in the City of Light.(到达法国后，我们将在宁静的乡村道路上穿行，沿途欣赏法国乡村生活的种种乐趣。我们将继续向南前往尚蒂伊坐火车在光明之城度过一天。)”可知，冒险者将在法国探索光明之城。故选A项。
2．细节理解题。根据Rural France, Germany’s Black Forest & the Bodensee部分中“We’ll cross the Rhine River and follow Germany’s outstanding network of bike paths through the charming Black Forest to the shores of Lake Constance, also known in Germany as the Bodensee.(我们将穿过莱茵河，沿着德国著名的自行车道网络，穿过迷人的黑森林，来到康斯坦斯湖畔，在德国也被称为博登湖。)”可知，冒险者将在德国骑自行车穿过黑森林。故选D项。
3．细节理解题。根据Holland, Belgium, Paris部分中“We’ll make our way through charming Dutch and Belgian towns and cross the border into France.(我们将穿过迷人的荷兰和比利时小镇穿过边境进入法国。)”及Rural France, Germany’s Black Forest & the Bodensee部分中“We’ll cross the Rhine River and follow Germany’s outstanding network of bike paths through the charming Black Forest...(我们将穿过莱茵河，沿着德国著名的自行车道网络，穿过迷人的黑森林……)”及最后一段中“Leaving the Bodensee, we’ll start our climb into and through the Austrian Alps. Shortly after skirting the Swiss border, we’ll cross into Bella Italia...(离开博登湖，我们将开始攀登并穿过奥地利阿尔卑斯山脉。绕过瑞士边境后不久，我们将进入贝拉意大利……)”可知，冒险者穿过荷兰、比利时、法国、德国、奥地利及意大利，共6个国家。故选B项。
B【2022届山东省日照市高三一模】
Despite Kyle Tianshi being only a 15-year-old US high schooler, he has published five sci-fi novels. His fifth book Eventide was released in July. However, this may not be his most impressive achievement as Kyle just received the “Hero Award”, a $20, 000 grand prize. It is the top honor in the California Youth Sustainability Awards. The competition aims to encourage and support young community leaders who are making a difference for sustainability in their communities by taking action for the planet.
Kyle, a sophomore from the Cambridge School in the US, received the honor for his portable invention called NEREID．The device can detect microscopic particles(粒子) in water by using a laser and microscope. These particles can be harmful to people and the environment.
Kyle came up with the idea for the invention based on his experience growing up in San Diego, California, US. People had no access to unpolluted drinking water and his parents asked him not to drink tap water. Kyle spent about $60 buying the tools needed to analyze the tap water: a laser, a microscope and a micro-computer. “It’s incredibly powerful for the price,” Kyle said. Then he used their family’s garage as his laboratory, doing research on the pollution of drinking water caused by micro-plastics.
Kyle hopes to bring to market a low-cost alternative tool for detecting micro-plastic pollution levels in drinking water. In this way, he can offer help to people who don’t have access to water filtration(过滤) systems. He has applied for a patent.
Kyle said his sister Emily, a freshman at Stanford University, inspired his interest in environmental research. She was recognized nationally for developing a water collection device. They have founded the Clearwater Innovation program to advocate for clean water through social media platforms and organize community cleanup events.
4．What do we know about Kyle?
A．He is good at adapting sci-fi works.
B．He entered many novel contests.
C．He received an award for his invention.
D．He’s found microscopic particles in water.
5．What led to Kyle’s creation of NEREID?
A．People’s lack of clean drinking water. B．People’s poor living conditions.
C．His desire to be a community leader. D．His family’s encouragement.
6．Which of the following best describes Kyle?
A．Considerate and brave. B．Optimistic and honest.
C．Determined and humorous. D．Responsible and creative.
7．What’s the text mainly about?
A．The introduction of NEREID． B．A boy’s contribution to literature.
C．The harm of polluted water. D．A US schooler’s water solution.
【答案】4．C5．A6．D7．D
【解析】这是一篇记叙文，文章主要介绍了15岁的Kyle Tianshi发明了检测水中有害的微观粒子的设备，获得了加州青年可持续发展奖的最高荣誉。
4．细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“Kyle, a sophomore from the Cambridge School in the US, received the honor for his portable invention called NEREID.( Kyle是美国剑桥学院的一名二年级学生，他因便携式发明NEREID获得了这项荣誉)”可知，Kyle因他的发明而获奖。故选C项。
5．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Kyle came up with the idea for the invention based on his experience growing up in San Diego, California, US. People had no access to unpolluted drinking water and his parents asked him not to drink tap water.( Kyle基于他在美国加州圣地亚哥的成长经历，想出了这个发明的主意。人们喝不到无污染的饮用水，他的父母要求他不要喝自来水。)”可知，Kyle发明NEREID是由于人们缺乏干净的饮用水。故选A项。
6．推理判断题。根据文章内容，结合第二段第一句“Kyle, a sophomore from the Cambridge School in the US, received the honor for his portable invention called NEREID.(Kyle是美国剑桥学院的一名二年级学生，他因便携式发明NEREID获得了这项荣誉)”及文章最后一句“They have founded the Clearwater Innovation program to advocate for clean water through social media platforms and organize community cleanup events.(他们创立了清水创新项目，通过社交媒体平台倡导清洁用水，并组织社区清洁活动。)”可知，Kyle发明NEREID，使人们能够喝到干净的饮用水，并通过实际行动倡导清洁用水，保护环境，因此他有责任心且有创意，故选D项。
7．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第二段第一句“Kyle, a sophomore from the Cambridge School in the US, received the honor for his portable invention called NEREID.( Kyle是美国剑桥学院的一名二年级学生，他因便携式发明NEREID获得了这项荣誉)”可知，文章主要讲述15岁的Kyle Tianshi发明了检测水中有害的微观粒子的设备，使人们能够喝到干净的饮用水，还创立清水创新项目，倡导清洁用水，故D项“一位美国学生对于水的解决方案”能够概括文章大意。故选D项。
C【2022届山东省日照市高三一模】
The exact location in France where Dutch master Vincent van Gogh painted his last work of art has been discovered.
A Dutch researcher figured out that a scene described in the artist’s last work, Tee Root, was visible on a postcard showing a man standing next to a bicycle on a back street of the village Auvers-sur-Oise. Van Gogh spent the last weeks of his life in the village. Helpfully, the card even included the name of the street.
Researchers were given a unique glimpse(体验) into the famous painter’s final hours. He was at work right up to the end.
Wouter van der Veen, scientific director of the Van Gogh Institute in France, made the discovery. While stuck at home, van de Veen used the extra time to organize the numerous files and documents on van Gogh, including images such as the old postcard from Auvers-sur-Oise. One day in late April, he saw the card on his computer screen and it suddenly struck him that he was looking at the location of Tree Roots. Next to the man and his bicycle, roots and trees are clearly visible. He took a virtual trip down the site using Google’s Street View.
“Villagers know the spot and the main tree root well, even giving it the name ‘the elephant’ because of its shapes,” van der Veen said. “It was really hiding in overt sight.”
The discovery provides tourists with an extra reason to visit Auvers-sur-Oise. “They travel a lot just for one reason—to walk in the footsteps of Vincent van Gogh. Now they can stand at the very place where he painted his last painting,” van der Veen said. “And that’s a very moving thing for a lot of people. So I’m very happy to be able to share that with all those who love van Gogh.”
8．What is paragraph 2 mainly about?
A．What the postcard revealed. B．How Tee Roots was discovered.
C．Why Auvers-sur-Oise became known. D．Where van Gogh painted his works.
9．How did van der Veen confirm his discovery?
A．He studied a picture of Auvers-sur-Oise.
B．He organized his data on van Gogh.
C．He traveled to France to see for himself.
D．He paid a visit to the spot online.
10．What does the underlined word “overt” in paragraph 5 mean?
A．Mixed. B．Obvious. C．Lovely. D．Strange.
11．What can we infer about tourists to Auvers-sur-Oise?
A．They enjoy exploring how to paint. B．They share their love for van Gogh.
C．They admire van Gogh very much. D．They want to experience the life there.
【答案】8．A9．D10．B11．C
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了研究人员偶然间在一张明信片上发现了梵高人生最后一幅画创作的地点。
8．主旨大意题。根据第二段中“A Dutch researcher figured out that a scene described in the artist’s last work, Tree Root, was visible on a postcard showing a man standing next to a bicycle on a back street of the village Auvers-sur-Oise.（一位荷兰研究人员发现，在一张明信片上可以看到梵高的最后一幅画《树根》中描绘的场景，一名男子站在奥维尔村庄一条后街上的自行车旁）”可知，第二段承接上文，主要描述这一发现的由来，即一张明信片上发现了梵高最后一幅画中的场景。故选A项。
9．细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句“He took a virtual trip down the site using Google’s Street View.（他通过谷歌街景对该地点进行了一次虚拟旅行）”可知，研究人员van der Veen正是在看过明信片后，通过谷歌街景的模拟旅行进行了确认。故选D项。
10．词义猜测题。根据第五段中van der Veen的话“Villagers know the spot and the main tree root well, even giving it the name ‘the elephant’ because of its shapes,（村民们都知道这个地方和主干树根，甚至根据其形状命名为“大象”）”和”It was really hiding in overt sight.（它真的就藏在眼皮底下）”可知，联系上下文，显然梵高最后一幅画中的地方并不是无毛之地，相反很多人都知道这里，但就是没有人将它们联系起来，overt在这里应表示“明显的”以表达“藏在眼皮底下”的含义。故选B项。
11．推理判断题。根据最后一段中van der Veen的话“They travel a lot just for one reason—to walk in the footsteps of Vincent van Gogh. Now they can stand at the very place where he painted his last painting,（他们很多人来旅游都是抱着一个目的——追寻梵高的足迹。现在他们可以站在他创作最后一幅画的地方了）”和“And that’s a very moving thing for a lot of people. So I’m very happy to be able to share that with all those who love van Gogh（对许多人来说这是很感人的一件事。所以我很高兴能与那些喜爱梵高的人分享这一点）”可知，慕名而来的游客们大都是出于对梵高的欣赏和仰慕、想要追寻他最后的足迹。故选C项。
D【2022届山东省日照市高三一模】
Plants don’t have ears or a central nervous system, but new research out of the University of Missouri has demonstrated that they might still have the ability to “hear”. More specifically, plants have been shown to exhibit an immune(免疫) response to the mere sound of a hungry insect.
For the study, researchers played the sound of a caterpillar chewing to a group of plants, which caused slight vibrations(振动) on the plants’ leaves. The plants were able to recognize these vibration patterns as danger, and responded by mounting the appropriate immune response. In other words, it appears that plants can “hear” themselves being chewed on.
Researchers assume that plants achieve this remarkable ability thanks to proteins that respond to pressure found within their cell membranes. Vibrations cause pressure changes within the cell, which can change the behavior of the proteins; however, additional study will be required to confirm or deny this theory.
Once researchers identify the exact mechanisms at play in this process, it could lead to advances in crop protection. Farmers could potentially learn to use sound to cause a plant’s natural chemical defenses against insect threats, rather than turning to poisonous chemicals.
“We can imagine applications of this where plants could be treated with sound or genetically engineered to respond to certain sounds that would be useful for agriculture,” said study author Heidi Appel.
The study adds to the growing list of ways that plants have been shown to sense their environments. They are not the boring organisms that many people assume they are. For instance, some plants are able to communicate with each other and signal upcoming danger to their neighbors by releasing chemicals into the air. Plants can respond to light (think about sunflowers) and temperature. Some can even respond to touch, such as the Venus flytrap(捕蝇草), which snaps shut when an insect stimulates its hairs.
12．Why did researchers carry out the study?
A．To find out if plants can react to sounds.
B．To learn how plants recognize dangers.
C．To discover if plants can shake their leaves.
D．To see how plants improve immune systems.
13．What’s the potential use of researchers’ discovery?
A．To remove insects. B．To protect crops.
C．To treat plant diseases. D．To produce chemicals.
14．What does the author intend to tell us in the last paragraph?
A．There are more plants than we know.
B．Plants are more active than we think.
C．Plants fit in well with their environments.
D．Lots of secrets about plants remain unclear.
15．What can be the best title for the text?
A．Can plants “talk” with each other?
B．How do plants make use of sounds?
C．Can plants “hear” themselves being eaten?
D．How do plants defend themselves against attacks?
【答案】12．A13．B14．B15．C
【解析】这是一篇说明文，密苏里大学的一项新研究表明，植物可能有“听”的能力，对饥饿昆虫的声音有免疫反应，这项发现可以应用于农业以保护庄稼。
12．细节理解题。根据第一段中“More specifically, plants have been shown to exhibit an immune(免疫) response to the mere sound of a hungry insect.(更具体地说，植物已经被证明对仅仅是饥饿昆虫的声音都有免疫反应。)”及第二段的研究过程“For the study, researchers played the sound of a caterpillar chewing to a group of plants, which caused slight vibrations(振动) on the plants’ leaves. The plants were able to recognize these vibration patterns as danger, and responded by mounting the appropriate immune response.(在这项研究中，研究人员向一组植物播放毛毛虫咀嚼的声音，这会引起植物叶子的轻微振动。这些植物能够将这些振动模式识别为危险，并通过建立适当的免疫反应做出反应。)”可知，这项研究的目的是查明植物对声音是否有反应。故选A项。
13．细节理解题。根据第四段内容“Once researchers identify the exact mechanisms at play in this process, it could lead to advances in crop protection. Farmers could potentially learn to use sound to cause a plant’s natural chemical defenses against insect threats, rather than turning to poisonous chemicals.(一旦研究人员确定了在这一过程中发挥作用的确切机制，它可能会导致庄稼保护方面的进展。农民有可能学会用声音来让植物的天然化学物质抵御昆虫的威胁，而不是使用有毒的化学物质。)”可知，研究人员的这一发现的潜在用处是保护庄稼。故选B项。
14．推理判断题。根据最后一段内容，结合前两句“The study adds to the growing list of ways that plants have been shown to sense their environments. They are not the boring organisms that many people assume they are.(这项研究增加了正在增长的植物感知环境的方式。它们不是许多人认为的那种乏味的生物体。)”可知，植物并不是乏味的生物体，下文举例说明植物能够互相交流，所以本段想要告诉我们植物比我们想的更加活跃。故选B项。
15．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段中“Plants don’t have ears or a central nervous system, but new research out of the University of Missouri has demonstrated that they might still have the ability to “hear”.(植物没有耳朵或中枢神经系统，但密苏里大学的一项新研究表明，它们可能仍然有“听”的能力。)”可知，本文主要讲述一项新研究表明，植物可能有“听”的能力，并讲述了这项发现的潜在应用。故C项“植物能‘听到’自己被吃掉的声音吗”适合作为文章标题。故选C项。
阅读理解【重庆市第八中学2021-2022学年高三适应性月考英语卷（六）】
There is so much great food to enjoy on and off the Strip. Remember to follow all guidelines, wear a mask when appropriate, and if you haven’t done so already, get vaccinated before hitting the town.
Peyote
Downtown
Not to be confused with a Mexican restaurant with a similar name. The menu is a casual mix of regional American influences. Almost everything on the menu has a connection to the outdoor grill. Of course, meats are the highlight, grilled over red oak with an aroma that can be smelled at least a block away.
The cost: Dishes $13- 45, all glasses of wine $11.
How to order: Book a table online.
Brezza
Resorts World
The restaurant offers a modern interpretation of classic Italian cuisine via inventive recipes. Brezza is best enjoyed as a complete multi-course experience, beginning with farm-focused antipasti before continuing with vibrant pastas and meat or seafood dishes.
The cost: Dishes $17-165, glasses of wine $14-32.
How to order: Book a table online.
Rebellion Pizza
Anthem
Customize your own pizza with a choice of nearly 20 toppings or go with one of the specialty pies, including the Spicy Honey Pepperoni, tomato-free Spinach, or a focaccia-style Sicilian. The dough uses a polish starter, which produces a soft, chewy crust.
The cost: Pizzas are $10-25, beer $6-10.
How to order: Stop in and order at the counter.
Saffron
Chinatown
The menu is an Asian vegetarian tapas with no meat required for satisfying savory bites. There’s a nice selection of organic wines, including a few vegan options, but if you prefer cocktails, try the negroni, which skews a little sweeter than traditional recipes.
The cost: Dishes $12-18, glasses of wine $10-14.
How to order: Book a table via the restaurant’s webpage.
1．What’s special about Peyote?
A．Outdoor seats. B．The grilled meats.
C．The cheapest wine. D．Mexican food.
2．Which restaurant doesn’t require a reservation?
A．Peyote. B．Saffron. C．Rebellion Pizza. D．Brezza,
3．Where should you go if you want to drink vegan wine?
A．Downtown. B．Resorts World. C．Anthem. D．Chinatown.
【答案】1．B2．C3．D
【解析】本文是一则应用文。文章介绍了在长街（the Strip）内外可以享用到的一些美食的相关信息。
1．细节理解题。根据题干中的关键词“Peyote”进行定位。根据Peyote部分中的“Almost everything on the menu has a connection to the outdoor grill. Of course, meats are the highlight, grilled over red oak with an aroma that can be smelled at least a block away.(菜单上的几乎所有东西都与户外烧烤有关。当然，肉类是亮点，在红橡木烤制而成，至少一个街区之外都能闻到它的香味)”可知，Peyote是烧烤店，烤肉是特色。故选B。
2．细节理解题。对比每个餐厅对“How to order”的介绍可知，Rebellion Pizza的点餐方式为“Stop in and order at the counter(进店后在柜台点餐)”，其余三个餐厅均需预约。故选C。
3．细节理解题。根据Saffron部分中的“There’s a nice selection of organic wines, including a few vegan options(有机葡萄酒有很好的选择，包括一些素食的选择)”可知，Saffron餐厅位于Chinatown，提供素食葡萄酒。故选D。
I come from a family of travelers. My mom started a travel agency when she was younger than I am now, and growing up they never left me behind when they went on their adventures.
I graduated early and got a degree from a community college by the time I turned 18. At that time, I had traveled to around 70 countries. This was the point in my life where people began to ask me the question that a young person will never want to be asked: “What are you going to do next?”
In an attempt to answer that question, I began by asking myself what I was most passionate about, which has always been traveling. That’s when it dawned on me — the very first time I thought about breaking the world record.
In 2016, I got serious and started working on my mission to travel to every single one of the world’s 196 sovereign nations without any official sponsorship. I spent countless hours crammed on planes, trains, chicken buses, tuk-tuks and junk boats traveling with nothing but a backpack. I have encountered health issues, spanning from malaria in West Africa to hospital-worthy food poisoning in Pakistan. I learned how to cope with public anxiety attacks by myself in foreign countries, and I endured the brain-sizzling frustration of dealing with officials from every country that requires a visa.
Believe it or not, beyond a record breaker, these memories are treasurable as they were the most defining moments of my life, spent far, far away from my comfort zone, I’m currently writing a book about my experiences in every country and the lessons I’ve learned along the way. After finally completing this massive life goal, I’ll be taking the next few months to nourish my physical and mental health as I make plans for the future.
4．Why are the young unwilling to be asked the question?
A．They are uncertain about their future.
B．They are unemployed after graduation.
C．They don’t know which country to go next.
D．They don’t have good communication skills.
5．What do we know about the authors world tour?
A．She was self-funded. B．She starved in Pakistan.
C．She got her visas smoothly. D．She mostly traveled by plane.
6．What does the author think of her experience?
A．Comfortable. B．Touching.
C．Invaluable. D．Ordinary.
7．What does the author plan to do next?
A．Start a new book. B．Build up her body.
C．Take some lessons. D．Make a public speech.
【答案】4．A5．A6．C7．B
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。作者讲述自己来自一个旅行者家庭，热爱旅行，走遍世界各地，获得人生的宝贵财富。
4．推理推断题。根据第二段“I graduated early and got a degree from a community college by the time I turned 18.(我毕业的早，在我18岁时就获得了一个社区大学的学位)”可知，作者已经大学毕业，这正是人们开始追问年轻人一个年轻人都不想被问到的问题：“你接下来要做什么？”再由下文“In an attempt to answer that question, I began by asking myself what I was most passionate about, (为了回答这个问题，我开始问自己我最喜爱的是什么)”可知，作者开始规划自己的未来。由此可知年轻人对未来不确定，因此这个问题不想被问到。故选A。
5．细节理解题。根据第四段“In 2016, I got serious and started working on my mission to travel to every single one of the world’s 196 sovereign nations without any official sponsorship. (在2016年，我认真起来，开始谋划在没有任何官方资助的情况下，去196个独立国家旅行)”可知作者没有接受任何赞助，是自费。故选A。
6．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Believe it or not， beyond a record breaker, these memories are treasurable as they were the most defining moments of my life... (信不信由你，除了打破记录外，这些记忆在我的人生中是一笔宝贵的财富)” 可知，作者认为这段经历很宝贵。故选C。
7．细节理解题。根据最后一段“...I’ll be taking the next few months to nourish my physical and mental health as I make plans for the future. (在接下来的几个月里，我将加强身心健康，为将来的计划做准备)”可知，作者接下来几个月计划加强身心健康。故选B。
For the first time in the history of the Olympic Games, and in China, the Olympic and Paralympic Games Beijing 2022 will use natural carbon dioxide (CO2) refrigeration systems at four of their ice sports competition and training venues.
The use of the natural CO2 technology is replacing hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), traditionally used to cool ice rinks（溜冰场）and proved to damage the earth’s ozone layer and contribute to global warming. HFCs have a warming impact that is up to four thousand times greater than CO2.
“The Olympic Games are first and foremost a sporting event, but with their global visibility, they also provide an important platform to showcase sustainable solutions, said Marie Sallois, IOC Director for Sustainability.
The use of natural CO2 refrigerants at the Games will help reduce carbon emissions equal to 3, 900 cars per year, cutting them to nearly zero. A similar carbon reduction could be achieved by planting about 1.2 million trees. The system also has a cooling efficiency that is 1.2 times higher than the traditional HFC refrigerants, and can maintain a temperature consistency of 0.5 degrees Celsius or less across ice surfaces, making the ice easier to skate on.
The carbon dioxide used for the technology is collected and purified from industrial waste gases, while the waste heat generated during the refrigeration process is recycled and used for the stadium’s ambient（周围的）heating, hot water for ice making and melting and showers, and the efficient control of indoor temperature and humidity all year around. It is estimated to save up to two million kilowatt-hours of electricity annually compared to the traditional HFC systems.
Beijing 2022 has committed to staging carbon-neutral Games, and the debut（首次亮相）of the new refrigeration technology is among many ways in which it is reducing the Games’ carbon footprint. Beijing 2022 will also power all its venues with renewable energy and use fuel-efficient and clean-energy vehicles for all passenger cars.
8．What do we know about HFCs?
A．It makes Earth warm. B．It is a new technology.
C．It’s only used to cool ice rinks. D．It will be used in Olympic Beijing 2022.
9．What’s the benefit of natural CO2 refrigerants?
A．They can protect 1.2 million trees.
B．They cool more rapidly than traditional ones.
C．They will make carbon emissions zero.
D．They keep the temperature above 0.5 degrees Celsius.
10．How can the natural CO2 technology save electricity?
A．It purifies its waste air. B．It collects CO2 in the open air.
C．It controls indoor temperature. D．It makes a good use of the waste heat.
11．What does the underlined word “staging” mean in Paragraph 6?
A．Controlling. B．Winning.
C．Holding. D．Playing.
【答案】8．A9．B10．D11．C
【解析】这是一篇说明文。北京2022奥运会和残奥会将在其4个冰上运动比赛和训练场馆使用天然二氧化碳(CO2)制冷系统，这是奥运会历史上的首次使用该技术。
8．细节理解题。根据原文第二段“The use of the natural CO2 technology is replacing hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), traditionally used to cool ice rinks（溜冰场）and proved to damage the earth’s ozone layer and contribute to global warming.(使用天然二氧化碳技术正在取代 Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) ，这种技术传统上用于冷却冰水，但事实证明它破坏了地球臭氧层，并导致全球变暖。）”可知，HFCs会破坏了地球臭氧层，导致气候变暖。故选A。
9．细节理解题。根据原文第四段“The system also has a cooling efficiency that is 1.2 times higher than the traditional HFC refrigerants, and can maintain a temperature consistency of 0.5 degrees Celsius or less across ice surfaces, making the ice easier to skate on.（该系统的冷却效率是传统HFC制冷剂的1.2倍，并能在冰面上保持0.5摄氏度或更低的温度一致性，使冰面更容易滑冰。）”可知，natural CO2 refrigerants 的优点在于可以更快降温。故选B。
10．细节理解题。根据原文第五段“The carbon dioxide used for the technology is collected and purified from industrial waste gases, while the waste heat generated during the refrigeration process is recycled and used for the stadium’s ambient（周围的）heating, hot water for ice making and melting and showers, and the efficient control of indoor temperature and humidity all year around. It is estimated to save up to two million kilowatt-hours of electricity annually compared to the traditional HFC systems.（这项技术使用的二氧化碳是从工业废气中收集和净化的，而制冷过程中产生的废热则被回收利用，用于体育场的环境供暖，制冰、融冰和淋浴的热水，以及全年有效控制室内温度和湿度。据估计，与传统的氢氟碳化合物系统相比，该系统每年可节省多达200万千瓦时的电力。）”可知，the natural CO2 technology是通过对废热进行二次利用来为体育馆提供举办活动所需的能源。故选D。
11．词句猜测题。根据第五段内容可知，the natural CO2 technology是通过对废热进行二次利用，用于体育场的环境供暖，制冰、融冰和淋浴的热水，以及全年有效控制室内温度和湿度。及第六段“and the debut（首次亮相）of the new refrigeration technology is among many ways in which it is reducing the Games’ carbon footprint.（新的制冷技术的出现是奥运会减少碳足印的诸多方式之一。）”可推知，划线词所在句为“北京冬奥会已经承诺要举办一个碳中和的比赛。”，所以划线词的含义为“举办”，故选C。
When it comes to praising your child for their actions, parents walk a fine line between being helpful or harmful to their child’s development. However, if you’ve got some rising toddlers in your home that need to learn to brush their teeth, don’t worry. It’s just fine to praise them.
“Our study does suggest that praise can be a really positive feature of parenting. Praise wins the gold when compared to boring instruction, at least when it comes to dental hygiene. You can’t go wrong if you say ‘good job!’ when your child successfully brushes their own teeth,” said Julia Leonard, an assistant professor of psychology at Yale University.
The study followed 81 three-year-olds just learning to brush their teeth. Parents were required to video their child’s tooth-brushing endeavors(尝试)for 16 nights, hitting record as they handed the brush to their child and pushing stop when they took it back.
That allowed researchers to capture all of the parent’s praise-“Well done! Good job!”— and instructional endeavors such as “Brush the backs of your teeth.” and “Hey, don’t stop. You’re not done yet.” After uploading the videos, parents were told to score their child’s mood (extremely bad to extremely good) and their own stress levels during the nightly endeavor. Those scores ranged from a scale of 0 (easy-peasy) to 10 (I’m pulling all their teeth out now).
Interestingly, a child’s toothbrushing success was directly related to the level of praise in the parents talk. Children brushed longer on days when their parents used more praise and less instruction. The work is the first to show that parent praise relates to child persistence.
However, the study could not show a direct cause and effect, only an association, Leonard stressed. “We don’t know that praise causes kids to brush longer. We just know it’s associated with more brushing, she said. More research is needed to see if the study’s findings could be applied to other tasks that require a child’s persistence.
12．What do we know about praise?
A．It has double effects on children. B．It makes children more obedient.
C．It helps children become confident. D．It is popular in children’s education.
13．How did Julia Leonard get data for her research?
A．By interviewing parents. B．By collecting recordings.
C．By sending questionnaires. D．By using online databases.
14．What can we learn from the finding?
A．Praise helps to build a good habit.
B．Over-praising doesn’t lead to ideal results.
C．Instruction has no effect on toothbrushing.
D．The finding is consistent with previous studies.
15．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?
A．Less Instruction, Longer Brushing. B．The Power of Parents.
C．The Secret of Building Persistence. D．Parents: Shower your child with praise.
【答案】12．A13．B14．A15．D
【解析】这是一篇说明文。本文主要讲述了父母的表扬和孩子刷牙时长的研究，实验发现父母的表扬和孩子刷牙更久有关。
12．细节理解题。根据第一段的“When it comes to praising your child for their actions, parents walk a fine line between being helpful or harmful to their child’s development. (当谈到表扬孩子的行为时，父母会在对孩子的发展是有益还是有害之间划清界限)” 可知，父母的表扬会对孩子有双层影响。故选A。
13．细节理解题。根据第三段的“Parents were required to video their child’s tooth-brushing endeavors (尝试)(家长们被要求拍摄孩子刷牙的过程)”和第四段的“After uploading the videos...（上传了视频后……）”可知，Julia Leonard是通过收集视频来进行实验观察和分析。故选B
14．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的“Interestingly, a child’s tooth brushing success was directly related to the level of praise in the parent’s talk. Children brushed longer on days when their parents used more praise and less instruction.（有趣的是，孩子刷牙的成功与父母谈话中的赞扬程度直接相关。当父母使用更多的表扬和更少的指导时，孩子们刷牙的时间更长）” 可知，父母的表扬可以使孩子刷牙更久，即有助于帮助孩子养成良好的习惯。故选A。
15．主旨大意题。本文主要讲述了父母的表扬和孩子刷牙时长的研究。实验发现父母的表扬和孩子刷牙更久有关。再结合第一段的“However, if you’ve got some rising toddlers in your home that need to learn to brush their teeth, don’t worry. It’s just fine to praise them.（然而，如果你家里有一些刚学走路的孩子需要学习刷牙，不要担心。赞美他们也没关系）”可知，虽然表扬会对孩子产生双重影响，但是在培养孩子刷牙这件事情上不用担心去表扬他们。因此D项“父母：表扬你的孩子”可以作为本文的最佳标题。故选D。
阅读理解【2022届山东省潍坊市高三下学期三月份高考模拟试题】
These are the life-changing apps that will help you build better habits in 2022.
Streaks
Streaks lets you create up to 24 different tasks that you can complete each day. Complete a task, mark it on the app, and you'll start building your progress. Streaks also has other features available, like reminders and statistics.to help you keep your habits on track. It collects no fees.
Strides
Strides makes your goals easy and attainable. You'll be able to track your progress and see how far along you are with progress reports and charts that'll show you your advancement and your success rate on any given goal. You can create unlimited reminders and build up your routine from the ground up. The app asks you to join their monthly subscription.
ATracker
With ATracker, time all your activities and stop wasting time on unimportant tasks. You can create and define your daily and weekly goals to avoid losing track of your good and bad habits. Having tracked, you can see what you've done in a beautiful chart. You can also see a goal report to make sure you're staying on track with your new year's resolutions. The app is $4.99, but it's only a one-time payment.
Coach.me
Coach.me is mostly free. You'll get to track your progress and get bonus points for achieving your goals. What's cool about Coach.me is that you can join a community of people like you where they are willing to help out each other. You can even take it one step further by hiring a coach, although that's going to cost you extra.
1．Which app is free of charge?
A．Streaks. B．Strides.
C．ATracker. D．Coach.me.
2．What do Strides and ATracker have in common?
A．They help to time vital tasks. B．They offer a progress chart.
C．They have reminding functions. D．They update information every month.
3．What can you do with Coach.me?
A．Earn cash rewards. B．Employ a coach for free.
C．Get support from other users. D．Make progress in your studies.
【答案】1．A2．B3．C
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍的是四个改变生活的应用程序。
1．细节理解题。根据Streaks部分的“It collects no fees.(它不收取任何费用。)”可知，Streaks是免费的，故选A。
2．细节理解题。根据Strides部分的“You'll be able to track your progress and see how far along you are with progress reports and charts that'll show you your advancement and your success rate on any given goal.(你可以跟踪你的进度，并通过进度报告和图表看到你的进度和你在任何给定目标上的成功率。)”和ATracker部分的“Having tracked, you can see what you've done in a beautiful chart. You can also see a goal report to make sure you're staying on track with your new year's resolutions.(跟踪之后，你可以在一个漂亮的图表中看到你做了什么。你还可以看到一份目标报告，以确保你的新年计划按计划进行。)”可知，Strides和ATracker这两款应用程序的共同点在于它们都提供了一个进度表。故选B。
3．细节理解题。根据Coach.me部分的“What's cool about Coach.me is that you can join a community of people like you where they are willing to help out each other.(Coach.me最酷的地方是你可以加入一个像你一样愿意互相帮助彼此的一群人。)”可知，你可以在Coach.me上获得其他用户的支持。故选C。
Thirty-five years ago, with just one acre of land, a couple of seeds and a bucket of hope, one Nigerian-born scientist began his mission to defeat famine (饥荒) on his continent.
News of the drought across Africa in the early 1980s troubled Nzamujo. Equipped with a microbiology PhD and his faith, he travelled back to Africa. There, he found a continent ecologically rich, diverse and capable of producing food. He believes drought wasn’t the only reason for widespread hunger, and that sustainability had been left out.
Nzamujo began designing a “zero waste” agriculture system that would not only increase food security, but also help the environment and create jobs. In 1985, he started his sustainable farm “Songhai” in the West African country of Benin.
Nzamajo lives on the farm and constantly updates his techniques. He credits his degrees in science and engineering for Songhai’s success. But he also thanks his spiritual and cultural roots, and his father — a driving force in his life who encouraged him to pursue his studies to the highest degree and to use Songhai to share his knowledge.
Songhai has several “eco-literacy” development programs. They range from 18-month training courses for farmer-enterprisers, to shorter stays to learn techniques like weeding. People come from all over the world to study Nzamujo’s methods.
After seeing success on his first zero waste farm, he expanded throughout Benin and western Africa. Today, the Songhai model is applied across the continent, including Nigena. Uganda, Sierra Leone and Liberia, Nzamujo says they've trained more than 7.000 farmer-enterprisers and more than 30, 000 people in total since it began.
Nzamujo believes zero waste agriculture is now steadily tackling the issues he set out to defeat, hunger, unemployment and environmental declines. And he wants to see it go further.
4．Which factor related to famine was unnoticed in Nzamujo’s eyes?
A．Poor soil. B．Water shortage.
C．Lack of resources. D．Unsustainability.
5．What does the author intend to do in paragraph 3?
A．Introduce a solution. B．Give examples to the readers.
C．Add some background information. D．Summarize the previous paragraphs.
6．How does Songhai help to ease the problem of famine?
A．By offering land. B．By trading seeds.
C．By educating farmers. D．By selling technology.
7．Which of the following best describes Nzamujo?
A．Critical and careful. B．Learned and responsible.
C．Optimistic and generous. D．Considerate and ambitious.
【答案】4．D5．A6．C7．B
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了学识渊博且有责任心的Nzamujo博士回到非洲，设计“零浪费”农业系统，创立“松海”农场，帮助那里的人们缓解饥荒问题。
4．细节理解题。根据第二段中“There, he found a continent ecologically rich, diverse and capable of producing food. He believes drought wasn’t the only reason for widespread hunger, and that sustainability had been left out.(在那里，他发现了一个生态丰富多样，能够生产食物的大陆。他认为干旱并不是大范围饥饿的唯一原因，可持续性被人们忽略了)”可知，在Nzamujo看来，可持续性是被人们忽略了的造成饥荒的一个原因，换句话说，人们没有注意到农业的不可持续性问题。故选D项。
5．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Nzamujo began designing a ‘zero waste’ agriculture system that would not only increase food security, but also help the environment and create jobs. In 1985, he started his sustainable farm ‘Songhai’ in the West African country of Benin.(Nzamujo开始设计一个“零浪费”农业系统，这不仅将提高粮食安全，而且有助于环境和创造就业机会。1985年，他在西非国家贝宁开办了他的可持续农场“松海”)”可推知，第三段介绍Nzamujo的解决方案，“零浪费”农业系统。故选A项。
6．细节理解题。根据第五段中“Songhai has several ‘eco-literacy’ development programs. They range from 18-month training courses for farmer-enterprisers, to shorter stays to learn techniques like weeding. People come from all over the world to study Nzamujo’s methods.(松海有几个“生态素养”发展项目。他们为农民企业家提供为期18个月的培训课程，和在短期内学习除草等技术。人们从世界各地赶来学习Nzamujo的方法)”可知，Songhai项目通过培训农民来帮助缓解饥荒问题。故选C项。
7．推理判断题。根据第二段中“News of the drought across Africa in the early 1980s troubled Nzamujo. Equipped with a microbiology PhD and his faith, he travelled back to Africa.(20世纪80年代早期，非洲各地发生干旱的消息令Nzamujo感到不安。带着微生物学博士学位和他的信仰，他回到了非洲)”可知，获得微生物学博士学位的Nzamujo得知非洲人民遭受饥荒时，带着自己的知识和信仰回到非洲，去帮助那里的人们。由此推知，Nzamujo不但学识渊博而且有责任心。故选B项。
Being taken off the endangered species list doesn't guarantee a carefree future for whales. Recent research estimates that the population of Pacific gray whales off North America's West Coast has dwindled by almost a quarter since 2016. Starting in 2019, alarming numbers of dead gray whales were spotted on beaches and floating offshore throughout their habitat, from Mexico to Alaska. The National Marine Fisheries Service defined it as an “Unusual Mortality Event”. UMEs are declared when a “significant die-off” occurs and when information is collected to clarify why it occurs.
The Arctic has historically low levels of sea ice in recent years, upending the delicate ecosystem that sustains gray whales. Like other migrators, they don't feed on their winter breeding (繁殖) grounds or along their migration, and must gain weight during the summer to sustain themselves through the rest of the year. Observers using air photography noted the whales looked skinnier and arrived in Mexico in poor condition, which suggested they were not finding enough food during the summer.
This die-off is alarmingly similar to the events of 20 years ago, when another UME resulted in a significant drop in the gray whale population. Although the cause was ultimately undetermined, it's thought that the population reached “carrying capacity”—it grew too large for the environment to support it. Although that idea has been suggested for this die-off as well, it's more likely blamed on the changing conditions of the Arctic.
Gray whales, hunted almost to extinction by the mid-20th century, were one of the first to be protected from hunting. The Eastern North Pacific population rebounded without pressure from whaling and was taken off the Endangered Species List; the Western North Pacific population is still listed as endangered. This die-off is a reminder that “delisting” doesn't indicate a population's secure future. New threats arise, climate change upends habitats, and continued monitoring is needed in case a crash comes.
8．What does the underlined word “dwindled” in paragraph 1 mean?
A．Increased. B．Bounced.
C．Multiplied. D．Dropped.
9．What will gray whales usually do in winter?
A．Consume few calories. B．Travel south to breed.
C．March back to Alaska. D．Seek food in the Arctic.
10．What might be the main cause of the current UME?
A．Serious illnesses. B．Sea pollution.
C．Environmental changes. D．Limited carrying capacity.
11．What's the author's attitude to the “delisting”?
A．Favorable. B．Concerned.
C．Intolerant. D．Regretful.
【答案】8．D9．B10．C11．B
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是被从濒危物种名单上除名并不能保证鲸鱼的未来无忧无虑。最近的研究估计，自2016年以来，北美西海岸太平洋灰鲸的数量减少了近四分之一。
8．词句猜测题。根据下文“Starting in 2019, alarming numbers of dead gray whales were spotted on beaches and floating offshore throughout their habitat, from Mexico to Alaska.(从2019年开始，从墨西哥到阿拉斯加，人们在海滩上和海上发现了数量惊人的死灰鲸。)”可知，划线词所说的是“自2016年以来，北美西海岸太平洋灰鲸的数量减少了近四分之一”，因此划线词的意思是“减少”，即Dropped，故选D。
9．推理判断题。根据第二段的“Like other migrators, they don't feed on their winter breeding (繁殖) grounds or along their migration, and must gain weight during the summer to sustain themselves through the rest of the year.(和其他迁徙者一样，它们不在冬季繁殖地或迁徙路线中进食，必须在夏季增加体重，以维持一年余下的时间。)”及“Observers using air photography noted the whales looked skinnier and arrived in Mexico in poor condition(使用空中摄影的观察人员注意到，这些鲸鱼看起来更瘦了，抵达墨西哥时身体状况很差)”可推断出，灰鲸在冬天通常会南下到墨西哥繁殖，即Travel south to breed，故选B。
10．细节理解题。根据第三段的“Although that idea has been suggested for this die-off as well, it's more likely blamed on the changing conditions of the Arctic.(虽然这种观点也被认为是导致这种灭绝的原因，但它更有可能被归咎于北极环境的变化。)”可知，当前UME的主要原因是环境的变化。故选C。
11．推理判断题。根据最后一段的“This die-off is a reminder that “delisting” doesn't indicate a population's secure future.(这次灭绝提醒人们，“除名”并不意味着一个种群的未来就安全了。)”可知，作者对“除名”的态度是担忧的，即Concerned，故选B。
D【2022届山东省潍坊市高三下学期三月份高考模拟试题】
Gov. Kathy Hochul's proposal to allow restaurants to sell drinks to go with reasonable limitations was met with great enthusiasm all across New York. But New York's liquor (酒) stores have already begun a campaign of misinformation in an effort to block this.
Their basic argument is that the governor's proposal will result in an increase in underage sales, drunken driving, or any other public health problems. However, they throw these statements around without offering any support for their claims—because there is none.
While the liquor stores frequently claim that the laws have been unchanged since the abolishment (废除) of Prohibition in 1934, in just the past 20 years the rules governing liquor stores have been changed, permitting the use of online third-party delivery services and allowing stores to open on Sundays. Restaurant advocates didn't oppose these expanded privileges because they didn't have a significant impact on restaurant sales.
What hasn't changed of the law since Prohibition is the restriction on new liquor store licenses that give liquor stores a geographic territorial monopoly (垄断) to protect them from competition. Under typical circumstances, the State Liquor Authority will only issue a new liquor store license if the nearby stores report steadily increasing sales. However anti-competitive and outdated this restriction may be, it does serve as a protection against their concerns—in the very unlikely event they come to pass.
Economically, the pandemic has been a major help to the liquor store business. Before the pandemic, liquor stores sold 76% of all liquor in New York State and now they sell nearly 85%. And remember, during this period, restaurants were allowed drinks-to-go sales, showing their false claims of economic collapse are not grounded in reality or experience. The sales shift from restaurants to liquor stores over the past two years demonstrates clearly that restaurants have lost sales to liquor stores—we just want to stop the bleeding. While the restaurant industry rebounded for a part of 2021, employment still remains more than 20% below pre-pandemic levels.
12．Why did liquor stores oppose the proposal according to the author?
A．Threat to public health. B．Boost of underage sales.
C．Concerns about their sales. D．Limitations to drinks to go.
13．What can be inferred from the fourth paragraph?
A．Liquor stores are in a dog-eat-dog world.
B．Prohibition makes liquor stores dead in the water.
C．The number of liquor stores is under control.
D．What liquor stores worry about is reasonable.
14．What does the underlined word “their” in the last paragraph refer to?
A．Restaurants. B．Governors.
C．New Yorkers. D．Liquor stores.
15．What is the best title for the text?
A．Let restaurants sell drinks to go.
B．Defend liquor stores privileges.
C．Liquor industry is losing money.
D．Restaurants are racing with liquor stores.
【答案】12．C13．C14．D15．A
【解析】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲的是纽约州州长凯西·胡赫尔(Kathy Hochul)提议允许餐馆在合理限制的情况下出售饮料，这一提议在整个纽约都受到了热烈欢迎。但纽约的酒类商店已经开始了一场不实信息的运动，试图阻止这种情况的发生。
12．推理判断题。根据第一段的“Gov. Kathy Hochul's proposal to allow restaurants to sell drinks to go with reasonable limitations was met with great enthusiasm all across(州长凯西·胡赫尔提议允许餐馆在合理限制的情况下出售饮料，这一提议受到了全国各地的热烈欢迎)”和第二段的“Their basic argument is that the governor's proposal will result in an increase in underage sales, drunken driving, or any other public health problems. However, they throw these statements around without offering any support for their claims—because there is none.(他们的基本论点是，州长的提案将导致未成年人销售、酒后驾驶或任何其他公共健康问题的增加。然而，他们抛出这些言论，却没有提供任何支持他们主张的证据——因为根本没有证据。)”可知，酒类商店反对这个提案不是因为对公众健康的威胁，会促进未成年人的销售或外带饮料的限制，根据常理判断，允许餐馆出售饮料，极有可能会影响到酒类商店的销售，因此酒类商店因为担心销售才会反对，故选C。
13．推理判断题。根据第四段的“Under typical circumstances, the State Liquor Authority will only issue a new liquor store license if the nearby stores report steadily increasing sales.(在典型的情况下，国家酒局只会在附近的商店报告销量稳步增长的情况下，才会颁发新的酒类商店执照。)”可推断出酒类商店的数量已得到控制。故选C。
14．词句猜测题。根据最后一段的“Before the pandemic, liquor stores sold 76% of all liquor in New York State and now they sell nearly 85%. And remember, during this period, restaurants were allowed drinks-to-go sales(在大流行之前，酒类商店销售了纽约州所有酒类的76%，现在它们的销量接近85%。记住，在此期间，餐馆允许饮料外带销售)”可知，餐馆在允许饮料外带销售的情况下销售都没有酒类商店高，由此说明，酒类商店关于经济崩溃的说法是错误的，因此their指的是酒类商店，故选D。
15．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段的“Gov. Kathy Hochul's proposal to allow restaurants to sell drinks to go with reasonable limitations was met with great enthusiasm all across New York. But New York's liquor (酒) stores have already begun a campaign of misinformation in an effort to block this.(纽约州州长凯西·胡赫尔(Kathy Hochul)提议允许餐馆在合理限制的情况下出售饮料，这一提议在整个纽约都受到了热烈欢迎。但纽约的酒类商店已经开始了一场不实信息的运动，试图阻止这种情况的发生。)”可知，本文主要讲的是纽约州州长凯西·胡赫尔(Kathy Hochul)提议允许餐馆在合理限制的情况下出售饮料这一提议所引起的酒类商店的反对意见，因此最好的题目是A选项“Let restaurants sell drinks to go(让餐馆出售外带饮料)”，故选A。