讲与练05 并列句、状语从句、省略、倒装与替代等知识点攻略---2022年高考英语大二轮复习讲与练(通用版)

这是一份讲与练05 并列句、状语从句、省略、倒装与替代等知识点攻略---2022年高考英语大二轮复习讲与练(通用版)，文件包含讲与练05并列句状语从句省略倒装与替代等知识点攻略解析版---2022年高考英语大二轮复习讲与练通用版doc、讲与练05并列句状语从句省略倒装与替代等知识点攻略原卷版---2022年高考英语大二轮复习讲与练通用版doc等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共31页， 欢迎下载使用。
【高频考点回顾】
高频考点一 并列句与状语从句
【真题再现】
语法填空
1. (2018·全国卷Ⅱ)Crn uses less water rice and creates less fertilizer (化肥) runff.
2. (2019·全国卷Ⅱ)I wrk nt because I have t, because I want t.
3. (2019·全国卷Ⅲ)On ur way t the huse, it was raining hard that we culdn’t help wndering hw lng it wuld take t get there. It was in the middle f Pearl City.
答案：1. than 2.but 3.s
【关键技法点拨】
语法填空解题策略
1. 完整的句子中, 如果两个单词或短语并列, 要填并列连词;
2. 若两个句子(两个主谓结构)之间没有句号或分号, 也没有连词, 空格处必定填连词;
3. 牢记特殊句式中连词的运用;
4. 全面掌握九大状语从句的连接词, 熟悉它们的用法;
5. 准确判断主从句的逻辑关系, 同时要注意区分易混词。
【重点知识提示】
一、并列句
并列句中使用的连词是高考考查的重点，考生要熟练掌握常考并列连词的用法。
1．and表示顺承以及并列关系，还可以用于固定句式：“祈使句＋and＋陈述句”。
2．but表示转折关系，不能与althugh和thugh连用。
3．s为表示因果关系的连词，一般前一句子多为后面句子存在的原因，s后面的句子为结果，s不能和表示原因的从属连词because连用。
4．r“或者”为表示选择关系的连词，r还可译为“否则”，可用于句型：“祈使句＋r＋陈述句”。
5．利用连词词组bth ... and ...、neither ... nr ...、nt nly ... but als ...、either ... r ...、nt ... but ...特殊搭配解题。
6．when/while用作并列连词
when和while可做并列连词。when表示“在那时，此时突然”；while表示“然而，而”，表对比或转折关系。并列连词when常用于以下句型中：
ding ...
……正在做……突然……
abut t d ...
……刚要做……突然……
n the pint f ding ...
……刚要做……突然……
just dne ...
……刚/一……就……
·The children were playing when they heard the sund f a mtrbike.
孩子们正在玩耍，这时他们听见了摩托车的声音。
·He is strng while his brther is weak.
他很强壮而他哥哥却很虚弱。
二、让步状语从句和时间状语从句
1.让步状语从句
(1)althugh、thugh、while引导的让步状语从句，不能与but连用，但可与yet或still连用。
·Thugh/Althugh/While regular exercise is very imprtant, it's never a gd idea t exercise t clse t bedtime.
尽管有规律的锻炼很重要，但临睡前锻炼不是个好主意。
(2)thugh与as引导的让步状语从句
thugh引导的让步状语从句置于句首时，从句可倒装也可用正常语序；而as意为“尽管”时，引导的让步状语从句用倒装结构，即as引导的从句一般置于主句之前，从句中的形容词、副词、名词或动词原形置于句首。若是单数名词前置时，要省略冠词。
·Child as/thugh he was, he helped me a lt.
尽管他是个孩子，他却帮了我很大的忙。(名词)
·Try as/thugh he might, he culd nt pen the dr.
不管他怎样努力，他还是不能打开那个门。(动词)
(3)“疑问词＋－ever”引导的让步状语从句，意为“无论……”。
·Hwever hard yu try, it is difficult t lse weight withut cutting dwn the amunt yu eat.
不管你多么努力，如果不减少饭量，减肥很难。
(4)whether ... r ...引导的让步状语从句，意为“不论……还是……”，提供两种对比情况。
·We'll g n with the wrk, whether we can find the necessary tls r we cannt.
不管我们能否找到所需的工具，我们都要把这项工作做下去。
2．时间状语从句
(1)when指的是“某一具体时间”，可与延续性或非延续性动词连用，whenever“无论何时”；while“在……期间”，只与延续性动词连用；as表“一边……一边……”，强调主从句动作同时发生。
(2)befre/since引导时间状语从句的用法
①befre做连词：It will/wn't be＋一段时间＋befre ...意为“过了多少时间才/没过多长时间就……”。befre还可以做介词，意为“在……以前”。
②since引导时间状语从句时表示“自从……以来”，从句一般表示动作的起点，用一般过去时；主句表示动作的延续情况，一般用现在完成时或现在完成进行时。常用句型：It is/has been＋一段时间＋since ...。
·Since he graduated frm cllege, he has wrked in this city.
自从大学毕业以来，他一直在这座城市工作。
·It is five years since he lived here.
他在这儿住已有五年了。
(3)till, until, nt ... until
①延续性动词(肯定式)＋until/till表示动作延续到某一时间为止。
·We walked alng the river until/till it was dark.
我们沿着河散步，一直到天黑。
②非延续性动词/延续性动词(否定式)＋until/till表示“直到……才”。
·He didn't knw anything abut it until/till I tld him.
直到我告诉他，他才知道这件事。
(4)其他用于引导时间状语从句的词或短语
①the mment、the minute、the instant、the secnd、directly、immediately、instantly等名词短语和副词可用作连词，引导时间状语从句。
·Directly I received his letter I went t see him.
我一收到他的信就去看他了。
②在hardly/scarcely ... when ...与n sner ... than ...结构中，主句用过去完成时，than或when所在的从句用一般过去时。
③every time、any time、the first time、by the time、each time等名词词组也可引导时间状语从句。
·Every time I express an pinin, she always argues back.
每当我发表意见时，她总是反驳。
三、地点状语从句和条件状语从句
1.地点状语从句
where与wherever可引导地点状语从句。
·Tday, we will begin where we stpped yesterday s that n pint will be left ut.
今天我们将从昨天停止的地方开始，因此就不会遗漏任何要点。
2．条件状语从句的常见引导词：if、unless(＝if ... nt)、s/as lng as (只要)、n cnditin that (条件是)、nly if (只有)、prvided that (如果)、in case (万一，如果)、suppse/suppsing that (假设，如果)、assuming that(假设)等。
·My parents dn't mind what jb I d as lng as I am happy.
我的父母不在意我从事什么工作，只要我高兴就好。
3．在条件状语从句中，常用一般现在时表将来含义；现在完成时表即将完成之后的情况；一般过去时表过去将来的含义。
四、其他状语从句
1.原因状语从句
原因状语从句可由because、as、since、nw that (in that)等词引导：
(1)because译为“因为”，表直接原因，语气较强，能回答由why提出的问句。
·The ld man asked Lucy t mve t anther chair because he wanted t sit next t his wife.
那位老人让露西换坐到另一把椅子上，因为他想挨着妻子坐。
(2)as (由于)、since (既然)、nw that/in that (既然)，表双方都知道的原因，语气较弱。as、since和nw that引导的从句多位于主句之前。
·Nw that yu have dne that, stp blaming yurself.
既然你已经做了，就不要自责了。
2．目的状语从句
(1)in rder that引导的从句可置于主句之前或之后，而s that引导的从句通常置于主句之后。在从句中常与can、may、culd、might等情态动词连用。
·In rder that we might see the sunrise, we started fr the peak early.
为了能看到日出，我们早早地出发去山顶。
(2)fr fear that/in case
这两个连词引导的目的状语从句中的谓语常用“(shuld＋)动词原形”。
·He wrte the name dwn fr fear that/in case he (shuld) frget it.
他把名字写下来以免忘了。
3．结果状语从句
引导结果状语从句的连词有：s that、s ... that、such ... that。其结构是：
(1)s＋adj./adv.＋that从句
s＋adj.＋a(n)＋可数名词单数＋that从句
s＋many/much/little(少)/few＋名词＋that从句
(2)such＋a(n)＋adj.＋可数名词单数＋that从句
such＋adj.＋可数名词复数/不可数名词＋that从句
such＋a lt f/lts f＋名词＋that从句
(3)主句＋s that从句
·It was such a cld day that there was nbdy in the street.＝It was s cld a day that there was nbdy in the street.＝It was a cld day s that there was nbdy in the street.
天气非常冷，街上一个人也没有。
4．方式状语从句
方式状语从句用来表示主句谓语动作发生的方式，常由as (像……一样)、as if/thugh (似乎，好像)等引导。
(1)as引导方式状语从句，前面常可用just加强语气。
·I did just as the teacher did.
我就像老师做的那样做了。
(2)as if/as thugh引导方式状语从句时，常用虚拟语气。
·She spke English s well as if she had been t America.
她英语说得非常好，就好像她去过美国似的。
高频考点二 特殊结构
【真题再现】
语法填空
1. (2017·天津高考)It was when I gt back t my apartment I first came acrss my new neighbrs.
2. (2018·天津高考)It was nly when the car pulled up in frnt f ur huse we saw Lily in the passenger seat.
答案：1. that 2. that
【关键技法点拨】
语法填空解题策略
建议今后注意一下强调句型。 在未来考试中可能考查到。
其考查点有:(1)强调句型用于强调陈述句;(2)强调句型用于强调一般疑问句;(3)强调句型用于强调特殊疑问句;(4)强调句型用于强调特殊疑问句用在宾语从句的语序;(5)强调句型用于强调nt. . . until. . . 句型。
【重点知识提示】
一、祈使句、感叹句和省略句
1.祈使句
祈使句用来表达说话人的请求、命令、建议、劝告等。祈使句的主语一般为第二人称(通常省略)，有时也可用everybdy、smene、anybdy等不定代词。
祈使句的4种形式：
①动词原形(＋宾语＋其他成分)；
②Be＋表语，如Be hnest.；
③Let's/Let us d/nt d sth.；
④祈使句＋and/r＋简单句(简单句谓语用一般将来时)。
2．感叹句
(1)what引导的感叹句
What＋a/an＋adj.＋可数名词单数＋主语＋谓语！
What＋adj.＋可数名词复数/不可数名词＋主语＋谓语！
·What lvely children they are!
他们是多么可爱的孩子啊！
(2)hw引导的感叹句
Hw＋adj.＋a/an＋可数名词单数＋主语＋谓语！
Hw＋adj./adv.＋主语＋谓语！
Hw＋主语＋谓语！
·Hw interesting a stry it is！＝What an interesting stry it is!
这是多么有趣的一个故事啊！
3．省略句
省略是高考经常涉及的语法点，常考的几种省略情况如下：
(1)状语从句的省略：在when、while、if、as if、thugh、as、whether等连词引导的状语从句中，如果谓语有be，而主语又跟主句的主语相同或是it，则从句的主语和be常常省略。
(2)不定式中的省略：在一定的上下文中为了避免重复，可以省略不定式中和前面句子中相同的动词(短语)，只保留不定式符号t，否定形式的省略用nt t，但如果省略的不定式结构中含有be、have(做助动词用)，通常保留be或have。
(3)if引导的虚拟条件句的省略：当if从句中有had、shuld、were时，可以省去if，同时把had、shuld、were置于句首。
二、强调句
强调句是高考考查的难点，在理解强调句时，学生要注意以下6点：
1．被强调部分是人时，连接词that/wh都可以；非人时，用that；
2．强调句的一般疑问句结构：Is/Was＋it＋被强调的部分＋that/wh＋其他部分？；
3．强调句的特殊疑问句结构：特殊疑问词＋is/was＋it＋that＋其他部分？；
·When was it that he made up his mind t take this curse?
他是什么时候决定选修这门课程的？
4．含nt ... until ...的强调句型：It is/was nt until＋...＋that＋其他部分；
5．把句子中的“It is/was ... that/wh”去掉之后，句子依然成立，就是强调句，否则就不是强调句；
6．如果需要强调谓语，应用助动词d、des或did。
The family did manage t send him t a technical schl.
家里的确设法让他上了技术学校。
三、两种形式的倒装句
1.部分倒装
(1)将含有否定意义的副词或连词置于句首时引起部分倒装结构。这类词(组)有：never、seldm、rarely、little、few、at n time、by n means、n lnger、hardly/scarcely ... when ...、n sner ... than ...、nt nly ... but als ...、nt until、nwhere、neither ... nr ...等。
·Nt until I lst my jb did I realize I shuld imprve my wrking skills.
直到我失业了，我才意识到我应该提高我的工作技能。
(2)“nly＋状语”置于句首时，主句要进行部分倒装。
·Only when yu can find peace in yur heart will yu keep gd relatinships with thers.
只有当你能找到内心的平静，你才能和别人保持良好的关系。
(3)s/such ... that ...结构中的s、such连同它所修饰的成分共同位于句首表示强调时，主句要用部分倒装。
·Such great prgress did he make that he was praised.
他取得了如此大的进步，以至于受到了表扬。
(4)表示前面所说的情况也适用于后者时，用倒装结构“s/neither/nr＋助动词/系动词/情态动词＋主语”(s表示肯定意义，neither/nr表示否定意义)。
·I saw the film The Great Wall last week, s did she.
我上周看了电影《长城》，她也看了。
2．完全倒装
here、there、nw、then、ut、in、up、dwn、away、n the wall、in the rm等表示地点、时间或方位的副词或介词短语置于句首，且句子主语为名词时，句子用全部倒装。
·The Public Square is an eye－catching sight f the city. There stand many stne sculptures f famus histrical figures.
大众广场是这个城市引人注目的景点，许多历史名人的石雕像矗立在那里。
【高频考点强化】
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
1
It was getting dark when I gt hme. It was cld and I 1．(wear) a cat. I walked up t the dr and put my hand int my pcket 2．(take) ut my key 3． I culdn’t find it. I suddenly remembered that I 4．(leave) it n my desk in the ffice. It really didn’t make any difference. I knew my wife 5．(be) at hme and the children must have cme back frm schl by nw, s I 6．(knck) at the dr.
There was n answer, s I kncked again. I cntinued kncking at the dr fr sme time. I 7．(get) angry. Then I remembered smething the ffice by had tld me at nn. He said that my wife 8． (phne) saying that she 9．(g) shpping in the afternn with the children.
There was nly ne thing fr me t d: I had t clime in10． a windw.
2
Like ther big cities, Paris has als a traffic prblem: lts f cars, traffic jams and traffic pllutin. S since 2007, the city 11．(start) a plan t imprve the situatin.
Under a prject, peple can take a bicycle, use it as lng as they want, and then leave it at the same r anther bicycle statin. The first half-hur is free, 12． if yu dn’t return it after 30 minutes, yu have t pay. It’s nly $1 r $29 a year. The bicycles are as heavy as 25 kilgrams, and they’re all grey and have baskets. There’re a large number f 13．(they) in the city, and the bicycle statins are mre than the subway statins!
Paris isn’t the first city t perate a prject like this. One Parisian said, “These bicycles are nly suitable fr shrt 14．(jurney). If peple want t travel acrss the city, they wn’t use a bicycle — they’ll still use their cars.”
A city spkesman said, “The bicycle prject wn’t slve all ur traffic prblems, but it might wrk in 15．(reduce) air pllutin. Traffic, tgether with factry fumes, 16．(be) a big prblem. Everyne knws abut glbal warming and dramatic climate changes — we knw this is partly because rainfrests are 17．(gradual) disappearing. And it’s als because there’s s much pllutin. There aren’t any simple answers 18． traffic prblems and pllutin in cities, but the bicycles might help peple lead 19． healthier life. Unless we d smething nw, there’ll be mre traffic jams and temperatures will cntinue t rise, s the prblems in ur envirnment will get even 20．(bad).”
3
A grup f ur friends frm church were planning a picnic, and it sunded like fun.I was a single-mther with fur21． (child) then, s time was a bit tight fr me.What did have that we culd cntribute 22．the picnic?Then a thught struck.I culd make a cherry pie! A friend had given me tw canned cherries 23．wuld make a very nice pie filling,s I wrked at nce .When the cking was dne and served,it lked s gd and the smell was 24． (wnder).
At the picnic,Stu,my then new byfriend ,was the first 25． (take)a bite f my pie.I saw a 26． (puzzle) lked g acrss his face.Then he27． (begin) t spit ut cherry stnes.It had nt 28． (ccur) t me that smene wuld can cherries withut getting the stnes ut first.29． embarrassing! Well, he married me anyway. And the cherry pie has been30． inside jke fr the past 48 years.
4
When I was a kid, ne day I fund a little sheepdg n my way hme frm schl. The wner was the grandmther f my friend, 31．tld me that they were giving the dg away, and I culd have her32．I wanted her. Well, needless t say, I wanted her! When I brught her hme with delight, I 33．(tell) we culd nt have that dg in the huse. My father tld me we culd take care f her34．we fund anther hme fr her. My father did all he culd t avid 35．(stay) with the dg, giving her n attentin. Occasinally, he urged me t find the new wner 36．the dg. One day, when my mther and I came hme frm the grcery stre, my mm stpped me at the frnt windw. My dad was n the flr, 37．(play) with that precius little sheepdg. 38．(instant) he heard us at the dr, he quickly jumped up, 39．went abut his business, but I will never frget 40．I saw that day! When that dg died, my father even cried! The sheepdg has brught wnderful memries t me and my family.
5
Weekend “catch-up” sleep is a lie
The negative health effects f skimping n sleep during the week can’t be reversed by marathn weekend sleep sessins, accrding t sbering new study.
41． cmplete freedm t sleep in and nap during a weekend recvery perid, participants in a sleep labratry wh were limited t five hurs f sleep n weekdays 42． (gain) nearly three punds ver tw weeks and experienced metablic disrder 43． wuld increase their risk fr diabetes ver the lng term. 44． weekend recvery sleep had sme benefits after a single week f insufficient sleep, thse gains 45． (wipe) ut when peple plunged right back int the same schedule 46． (rb) f sleep the next Mnday.
“If there are benefits f catch-up sleep, 47． are gne when yu g back t yur rutine. It’s very shrt-lived.” said Kenneth Wright, directr f the sleep and chrnbilgy labratry at the University f Clrad at Bulder, wh versaw the wrk.
Wright said that the study suggests peple shuld priritize sleep, 48． (cut) ut the ptinal “sleep stealers”. such as watching televisin shws r spending time n electrnic devices. 49．peple dn’t have a chice abut lsing sleep due t child-care respnsibilities r jb schedules, they shuld take int cnsideratin priritizing sleep 50． they wuld a healthy diet r exercise.
6
One evening 18,000 BC, Lala turned fr hme with her cllectins f nuts and fruits. A feast was waiting fr her, 51． was a family reunin after a lng 52．（ separate）. Hw excited she was t meet his husband, Dahu, again! Having heard wlves hwling in the frest, Lala accelerated her steps 53．（ fear） there might be wild beasts lying in wait fr her.
She had almst reached her destinatin 54． a delicius smell arrested her prgress and she stpped. The smell f meat filled the air and her senses became dizzy 55． hunger. She saw the great dinner was well 56． （ prepare） . The family were ding their wn duties and Dahu, with 57．（ strng ） prnunced eyebrws and cheekbnes,
58．（ sharpen ） his tls.
The first guests 59． （ arrive） fr dinner were all frm the neighburing caves. Lala's spirits 60．（ rise）. She smiled t herself gaily and went ut f the cave t welcme her friends and neighburs.
7
It was the spring f 1943 during Wrld War Ⅱ. Standing amng hundreds f new 61．(sldier）at Camp Grant, Sam, just 18 years ld, waited as a truck slwly drve by. 62． full field pack was randmly thrwn t each sldier.
Sam received63． (he) After he pened the pack and lked at the things in it, he was greatly64．（astnish）. He fund his last name, Litrenti, was marked n each thing in his pack. "Hw strange!" Sam thught. He didn' t think the ne 65． threw the field pack t him knew wh he was.
S why was Sam’s last name marked n the things? Yu may nt believe it, but it was the field pack that his father 66．（use）during Wrld War I .
Sam 67．（certain） didn’t knw that when he received it. It wasn' t until after the war 68． he fund ut why.
After the war, he talked 69．that with his father. After 70．.（talk）fr a while, Sam's father became sure that the pack nce belnged t him.
Bth the father and the sn culdn't believe that ! What a cincidence!
8
The British have been drinking tea fr ver 350 years. But in fact, the histry f tea ges much 71．(far) back.
The stry f tea begins in China. Accrding t the legend, the Chinese emperr Shen Nung was sitting 72．a tree while his servant biled drinking water, when sme leaves frm the tree blew int the water. Shen Nung, 73． expert in herbal medicine, decided t try the water his servant created. As a result, it tasted s gd that later the drink was 74． we nw call tea.
It is 75．(pssible) t knw whether there is any truth in this stry. 76．, tea drinking certainly was established in China many centuries befre it had even been heard f in the west. Cntainers f tea 77．(find) in tmbs dating frm the Han dynasty (206BC-220AD) befre tea was firmly established as the natinal drink f China in the Tang dynasty (618-906AD). It became 78． a favrite thing that during the late eighth century, a writer 79．(call) Lu Yu wrte the first bk entirely abut tea, the Ch’a Ching, r Tea Classic. It was shrtly after this that tea was first intrduced t Japan, by Japanese Buddhist mnks wh had travelled t China t study befre. Tea drinking has becme a vital part f Japanese culture, 80．may be rted in the sprit described in the Ch’a Ching.