讲与练10 名词、形容词与代词类提示词语法填空题攻略---2022年高考英语大二轮复习讲与练(通用版)

这是一份讲与练10 名词、形容词与代词类提示词语法填空题攻略---2022年高考英语大二轮复习讲与练(通用版)，文件包含讲与练10名词形容词与代词类提示词语法填空题攻略解析版---2022年高考英语大二轮复习讲与练通用版doc、讲与练10名词形容词与代词类提示词语法填空题攻略原卷版---2022年高考英语大二轮复习讲与练通用版doc等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共30页， 欢迎下载使用。
【高频考点回顾】
要点一 提示词为名词的解题攻略
1.提示词为名词时，主要考查名词复数、名词所有格和名词变形容词。
(1)解题规则
(2)名词变复数必记的三条规则
【典例示例1】 (2020·浙江7月卷)
Later，they learned t wrk with the 62.____________ (seasn)，planting at the right time and，in dry areas，63.making use f annual flds t irrigate(灌溉) their fields.
【答案与解析】 seasns [根据常识和语境可知，人们开始按照季节更替来种植庄稼，故填seasns。]
【典例示例2】 (2018·全国卷Ⅰ)
Tw f the authrs f the review als made a study published in 2014 66.that/which shwed a mere five t 10 minutes a day f running reduced the risk f heart disease and early deaths frm all 67.____________ (cause)．
【答案与解析】 causes [cause表示“原因，起因”时是可数名词，且前面有all修饰，故填cause的复数形式causes。]
【典例示例3】 (2018·浙江6月卷)
Few peple I knw seem t have much desire r time t ck.Making Chinese 56.____________ (dish) is seen as especially trublesme.
【答案与解析】 dishes [句意：我认识的人似乎很少渴望做饭或有时间做饭。做中国菜被认为是尤其麻烦。名词dish作“菜肴”解时是可数名词，此处表示泛指，故应填dish的复数形式。]
2.熟记名词变动词和形容词的前缀/后缀
【典例示例4】 (2020·新高考卷Ⅰ)
In the 18th and 19th centuries，36.____________ (wealth) peple travelled and cllected plants，histrical bjects and wrks f art.
【答案与解析】 wealthy [根据设空处后面的名词peple可知，这里应用形容词wealthy修饰。]
【典例示例5】 (2019·浙江6月卷)
Schl unifrms are 65.____________ (traditin) in Britain，but sme schls are starting t get rid f them.
【答案与解析】 traditinal [此处形容词作表语，用来说明主语schl unifrms的特点。]
【典例示例6】 (2018·全国卷Ⅰ)
T avid knee pain，yu can run n sft surfaces，d exercises t 68.____________ (strength) yur leg muscles (肌肉)，avid hills and get gd running shes.
【答案与解析】 strengthen [此处t为不定式符号，在句中作目的状语，故填strength的动词形式strengthen。]
要点二 提示词为形容词的解题攻略
1. 解题规则
【典例示例1】 (2020·全国卷Ⅲ)
One day the emperr wanted t get his prtrait(画像) dne s he called all great artists t cme and present their 62.____________ (fine) wrk，s that he culd chse the best.
【答案与解析】 finest [根据句意可知，皇帝命令所有知名画家献上他们最好的作品。]
【典例示例2】 (2020·全国卷Ⅰ)
The far side f the mn is f particular 64.interest t scientists because it has a lt f deep craters(环形山)，mre s 65.____________ the familiar near side.
【答案与解析】 than [本句中含有mre，空格后为比较对象，因此本空应填than。]
【典例示例3】 (2020·浙江1月卷)
The first is declining birth rates，which means ld generatins are large 60.cmpared t yunger generatins，and s，n average，the ppulatin becmes 61.____________ (ld) than befre.
【答案与解析】 lder [分析句子结构可知，此处作系动词becme的表语，再结合后面的than befre可判断出，此处要用比较级。 故填lder。]
【典例示例4】 (2018·全国卷Ⅲ)
He screams the 63.____________ (lud) f all.The nise shakes the trees as the male beats his chest and charges tward me.
【答案与解析】 ludest [根据语境和空后的f all可知，空处应填副词的最高级。]
2.形容词变副词的特别规则
【典例示例5】 (2020·全国卷Ⅲ)
As the small bat mved 68.____________ (gentle) alng the river he was left speechless by the muntains being silently reflected in the water.
【答案与解析】 gently [修饰动词mved应使用副词。]
【典例示例6】 (2019·全国卷Ⅰ)
It is difficult t figure ut a glbal ppulatin f plar bears as much f the range has been 62.____________(pr) studied.
【答案与解析】 prly [此处修饰动词studied，故应用形容词pr的副词形式prly。]
要点三 提示词为代词的解题攻略
提示词为代词，当句子缺少主语、定语、宾语或表语时，一般填代词；确定填代词之后，再看一下设空处所填代词是否与前文提到的人或物有指代关系。
▲解题规则
人称代词、物主代词和反身代词的用法：
(1)作主语：人称代词主格(I，we，yu，he等)
(2)作宾语/表语：人称代词宾格(me，us，him；them；it等)、名词性物主代词(urs，mine，yurs，its等)
(3)作定语：形容词性物主代词(ur，my，yur，their等)
(4)如果宾语与主语是指同一人，用反身代词(myself，yurself，itself等)
(5)填it的情况：作形式主语或形式宾语；指代前面提到的同一个事物或情况。
(6)that，thse作替代词，用来代替已提到的名词，以避免重复。
【典例示例1】 (2020·新高考卷Ⅰ)
As well as lking at exhibits，visitrs can play with cmputer simulatins (模拟) and imagine 42._____________ (they) living at a different time in histry r 43.walking thrugh a rainfrest.
【答案与解析】 themselves [根据语境可知，主语visitrs发出的动作imagine作用于自身，此处应用反身代词形式，故【答案与解析】为themselves。]
【典例示例2】 (2020·全国卷Ⅰ)
Data abut the mn’s cmpsitin，such as hw 69.much ice and ther treasures it cntains，culd help China decide whether 70.____________ (it) plans fr a future lunar(月球的) base are practical.
【答案与解析】 its [此处表示“它的计划”，故用形容词性物主代词its。]
【典例示例3】 (2020·北京卷)
She recgnized 2.____________ (I) ptential and shwed me that I culd write with creativity and shwed me that I culd write with creativity and enthusiasm.
【答案与解析】 my [分析句子结构可知，此处的ptential是名词，意为“潜力”，故此处应用形容词性物主代词修饰名词，故填my。]
【典例示例4】 (2019·北京卷)
Sn I will graduate and becme part f the real wrld.Nervusly 2.facing challenges，I knw I will whisper t 3.____________ (I) the tw simple wrds “Be yurself”．
【答案与解析】 myself [根据语境以及句子结构可知，空处用反身代词作介词t的宾语。whisper t myself “轻声告诉自己”。]
【典例示例5】 (2018·全国卷Ⅲ)
When the grillas and I frightened each ther，I was just glad t find 68.____________(they) alive.True t a grilla’s unaggressive nature，the huge animal 69.meant(mean) me n real harm.
【答案与解析】 them [分析句子结构可知，此处作find的宾语，alive为宾语补足语，故此处要用人称代词的宾格。故填them。]
【高频考点强化】
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
1
The 1918 Spanish flu was the mst deadly utbreak in histry. It was caused by an HIN1 virus fund in genes f birds’ rigin. Althugh there is n 1. (universe) agreement regarding 2. the virus actually riginated, it was first identified in the army in the United States.
It 3. (estimate) that abut 500 millin peple r ne-third f the wrld’s ppulatin f that time became infected with this virus. The number f 4. (death) was reprted t be at least 50 millin wrldwide with abut 675,000 5. (ccur) in the United States. The death rate was high in peple yunger than 5 years ld, 20-40 years ld, and 65 years and 6. (ld). The high death rate in healthy peple, including 7. in the 20-t 40-year-ld age grup, was 8. unique feature f this disease.
9. n vaccine t prtect against influenza infectin and n medicine t treat secndary bacteria infectins, cntrl effrts wrldwide were limited t nn-medical methds, like separatin, quarantine, gd persnal hygiene, and ban n public gatherings, which were applied in 10. (heavy) infected areas.
2
Dian Fssey was an American zlgist wh devted 20 years f her life 11. the study and prtectin f Africa's rare and endangered muntain grillas (山地大猩猩). She received instructin in fieldwrk frm chimp specialist Jane Gdall, and gt dwn t 12. (bserve) the behavir f muntain grillas. Her wrk tk her t Zaire and then t Rwanda, 13. she funded the Kariske Research Center. After years f 14. (patience) bservatin, the grillas came t knw and trust her, and she fund that she culd sit amng the grillas and even play with 15. (they) yung.
In 1980, she attended the University f Cambridge. Afterwards she tk 16. teaching jb at Crnell University in New Yrk. And there she wrte a bk called Grillas in the Mist abut her experiences in Rwanda. In 1984, she returned t the Kariske Research Center 17. (cntinue) her fieldwrk. When her favrite grilla 18. (kill) by pachers (偷猎者), Fssey started a campaign against paching.
19. she did raised wrldwide awareness abut the endangered muntain grilla, and the animals are nw prtected by the gvernment f Rwanda and sme internatinal 20. (rganize), including the Dian Fssey Grilla Fund.
3
I want t tell everyne abut tw teachers n Changyu Island, Wang Kaiquan and Lin Zhujin.
Few peple knw abut this hmetwn f 21. (I). The island is beautiful, but it’s quite islated, and there aren’t many mdern 22. (cnvenience). In bad weather, even ur water and pwer supplies 23. (be) unstable. Peple wh have never been t ur island are ften 24. (surprise) by this and find it hard 25. (adjust). Many 26. live n the island dream f leaving.
These tw primary schl teachers, hwever, 27. (stay) n fr 23 lng years! They are 28. nly teachers here, and they plan t stay fr as lng as there are children wh need t attend schl.
I want t thank them, and let the wrld knw abut these teachers wh wrk 29. (tireless) every day 30. the sake f the children.
4
The Wandering Earth is a Chinese science fictin mvie, 31. is based n the nvel f 32. same name by Liu Cixin, and was released n February 5, 2019, the Chinese New Year’s Day.
After 33. ( learn) the sun is dying ut, peple all arund the wrld feel 34. ( scare ), s they build giant planet thrusters (星球推进器) t mve the earth ut f 35. (it) rbit (轨道) and sail it t a new star system. The 2500 years’ jurney cmes with 36. (variety) dangers, but in rder t save humanity, a grup f yung peple cme ut bravely and fight hard fr everyne’s survival.
We 37. (impress) t see the theme f this film. It desn’t particularly shw smebdy’s ability t save ur wrld 38. shws all the human beings are wrking tgether, 39. (spare) n effrt t save this wrld.
The Wandering Earth is seen by peple as the dawn (开端) f Chinese science fictin mvies. It means that China’s sci-fi mvies have 40. (fficial) set sail.
5
Carnival tday is an internatinal multicultural experience. But hw culd it becme s? T understand 41. carnival is all abut, we need t lk at the histry f America and the meeting f tw cultures—Eurpean and African.
The arrival f Eurpeans in America and the pening f huge farms and plantatins t grw cttn, fruit and vegetables, 42. (mean) there was an immediate need fr peple t wrk n them. Fr mre than 200 years, millins f peple43. (take) by frce frm their hmes in Africa and transprted t the new wrld t wrk as slaves.
44. (natural), the Eurpean als imprted their wn festivals. S the slaves were frced t watch as their masters celebrated carnival. Then the slaves began t hld their wn carnival celebratins. They painted their faces white, 45. (imitate) their masters and making fun f them. But at the same time, they were cntinuing their wn African 46. (traditin), such as walking arund the village, wearing masks and singing, 47. custm which they thught wuld bring gd luck.
When the slave trade was ablished in 1838, the frmer slaves tk ver the carnival. It became mre clrful and mre exciting 48. it had ever been befre. Magnificent cstumes were made and musical bands created. Carnivre became a celebratin f 49. (free). Tday, visitrs frm all ver the wrld cme t the small state in the Caribbean t jin in the fun. Carnival has becme a celebratin f life 50. (it).
6
Everyne wants t live their dream life, but sadly, mst peple fail 51. （achieve）it.
If yu have a chice t turn back time, what wuld yu d 52. （different）that will make yur life better tday? Or are yu already living the 53. （wnder）life yu wanted?
Mst peple take things fr granted（把一切视为理所当然）. They think that they have all the time in the wrld and they neglect（忽视）54. （they） dreams. They say things like "later", r “there will always be tmrrw”. The fact is that we dn't have all the time in the wrld. Later sn becmes never.
The same ges fr 55. （live）yur ideal（理想）life. Yu have t understand that what yu want in life 56. （be）a chice. Yu are where yu are right nw because 57. the chice yu make. Yu have a chice and yu can chse. And because yu have a chice, yu get t chse hw yu want t live. Living yur dream life starts with making a 58. （decide）.
And if yu want t live yur ideal life, yu must say “n" t the things 59. will pull yu away frm it. And 60. is time t make a change. Dare t be different and dare t fllw yur heart.
7
Whether yu're wrking hard t be like Wrdswrth 61. yu've yet t uncver the literary prwess(非凡的技能)within yu, it is hard t ignre just hw much f a rle petry 62. (play) in the develpment f bth written and spken language s far. When yu're studying a new language it nly makes sense that yu shuldn't nly stick t bring ld prse(散文). Freign language petry is 63. fantastic resurce fr learners f all levels.
Petry allws writers 64. (ty) with the standards f grammar and generally change the rules f language a bit r a lt. Yu can learn a great deal abut a language by the ways its speakers have turned its syllables(音节)and wrds 65. lines.
Petry cmes in a 66. (vary) f genes (体裁)and structures, s generalizing abut it is srt f unfair t the art frm itself. But there are certain universal 67. (aspect) f petry that make it an idea tl fr leaning a new language in creative ways acrss languages.
Perhaps the mst ntable difference 68. set a pem apart is that it's ften nt as lng-winded as a passage frm a bk might be. It's much 69. (easy) t mtivate yurself with a shrt pem every day than it is with part f a 500-page bk yu are afraid f pening because yu fear yu can't 70. (pssible) finish it.
8
China’s industrial utput is expected t rise by arund 6.5 percent this year, marking the best 71. (perfrm) since 2010, 72. the Made in China 2025 strategy (策略) helps t raise prductivity and revenue (税收).
The increase is 0.5 percentage pints 73. (high) than the targeted grwth, partly 74. (drive) by strng effrts t increase the use f new technlgy at traditinal enterprises (企业), Mia Wei said n Mnday.
“The cuntry’s industrial ecnmy has maintained steady and sund grwth thanks 75. the Made in China 2025 strategy. It prmted the cmbinatin f manufacturing and new technlgies such as 76. Internet, big data and clud cmputing,” Mina added.
The ministry als predicted that the cuntry’s industrial utput wuld be likely 77. (grw) by arund 6 percent next year, with revenue frm the telecmmunicatins 78. (increase) by 50 percent.
Accrding t Mia, the cuntry will als publish plicies 79. prmting the develpment f digital ecnmy. The data shw that the cuntry’s digital ecnmy added up t 22.58 trillin yuan last year, ranking secnd 80. (glbal) and accunting fr arund 30 percent f natinal GDP.
思考方向
解题规则
①填名词的复数
若提示词是可数名词单数，分析句子成分后发现词性不需要改变，此时应考虑填名词的复数。
①有数词或these，thse，several，many，all，bth，varius，numerus等词修饰时，名词用复数形式。
②名词前有“ne f”时，用名词复数形式。
③若谓语动词是复数形式，则空格处应填名词复数形式。
②填名词的所有格
提示词与其后的名词是所属关系，应考虑名词的所有格。
①单数名词和不以－s结尾的复数名词通常在词尾加－’s。
②以－s或－es结尾的复数名词，形式为－s’或－es’。
③填名词的形容词形式
提示词为名词，如果作定语修饰后面的名词，则一般考查名词变形容词。
注意名词变形容词的后缀
①n.＋－able→ adj.
value→valuable，reasn→reasnable
②n.＋－al→ adj.
traditin→traditinal
③n.＋－ful→ adj.
clur→clurful，help→helpful
④n.＋－en→ adj.
wd→wden，gld→glden
⑤n.＋－y→ adj.
luck→lucky，dust→dusty
①词尾是－s，－x，－ch，－sh时，一般加－es。
bus公共汽车→buses
cach 教练→caches
②词尾是辅音字母＋y时，变y为i，再加－es，元音字母＋y时直接加s。
enemy→enemies敌人
hbby→hbbies业余爱好
ty→tys玩具
③复数形式有特殊变化的名词
child→children
ft→feet
man→men
muse→mice
wman→wmen
tth→teeth
criterin(标准)→criteria
medium(传播媒介)→media
前缀/后缀
示例
en－
curage n．勇气→encurage vt.鼓励
－en
strength n．力气→strengthen vt.加强
－ize
aplgy n．道歉→aplgize v．道歉
－al
nature n．自然→natural adj.自然的
－y
health n．健康→healthy adj.健康的
－ful
help n．帮助→helpful adj.有帮助的
－us
danger n．危险→dangerus adj.危险的
－tive
impressin n．印象→impressive adj.印象深刻的
－ible
access n．进入，使用权，通路→accessible adj.容易取得的
思考方向
解题规则
形容词转换为副词
若空白处修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句，则应填副词形式。
形容词添加词缀变反义词
根据句意和前后逻辑关系，确定句意表否定时，添加否定前缀(un－，im－，dis－等)或否定后缀(－less)变为反义词。
形容词转换为比较级、最高级
(1)等级判定看标志
①题目中有much，far，still，even，rather，a little，a bit，a lt，a great deal，than等标志性词汇用比较级。
②设空后有表示范围的标志词in，f，amng等用最高级。
③设空前有ne f the，the＋序数词等修饰词，用最高级。
(2)利用固定句型
①“the＋比较级．..，the＋比较级．..”表示“越……越……”。
②“比较级＋and＋比较级”，表“越来越……”。
③“否定词＋比较级”表示最高级含义。
(3)利用隐含信息判断
句中虽没有than等标志词，但暗含比较级，也需要用比较级。
以e结尾的一般不去e，直接加－ly
immediate→immediately
brave→bravely
一些以e结尾的形容词去e加－(l)y
true→truly
simple→simply
gentle→gently
pssible→pssibly
“辅音字母＋y”结尾，改－y为－i，再加－ly
happy→happily
easy→easily
以－ic结尾，加－ally
ecnmic→ecnmically
basic→basically
人称
类别
单数
第一人称
第二人称
第三人称
人称
代词
主格
I
yu
he/she/it
宾格
me
yu
him/her/it
物主
代词
形容词性
my
yur
his/her/its
名词性
mine
yurs
his/hers/its
反身
代词
myself
yurself
himself/herself/
itself
人称
类别
复数
第一人称
第二人称
第三人称
人称
代词
主格
we
yu
they
宾格
us
yu
them
物主
代词
形容词性
ur
yur
their
名词性
urs
yurs
theirs
反身代词
urselves
yurselves
themselves