讲与练13 完形填空攻略图解与演练2(以说明文与议论文为例)---2022年高考英语大二轮复习讲与练(通用版)

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2022年高考英语大二轮复习讲与练（通用版）13
完形填空攻略图解与演练2（以说明文与议论文为例）
【高频考点回顾】
【真题再现】2019·全国卷Ⅲ（改编）　主题语境：人与自然—人与环境　　　　　 　　　　　　 　　　　　 　　　
The small town of Rjukan in Norway is situated between several mountains and does not get direct sunlight from late September to mid­March— six months out of the year.
“Of course, we notice it when the sun is shining，” says Karin Ro, who works for the town's tourism office. “We see the sky is __2__， the valley it's darker—it's like on a __3__ day.”
that __4__ when a system of high­tech mirrors was introduced to reflect sunlight from neighboring peaks (山峰) into the valley below. Wednesday, residents (居民) of Rjukan __5__ their very first ray of winter sunshine: A row of reflective boards on a nearby mountainside were put to __6__. The mirrors are controlled by a computer that __7__ them to turn along with the sun throughout the day and to close during windy weather. They reflect a concentrated beam (束) of light onto the town's central __8__， creating .When the light __9__，Rjukan residents gathered together.
“People have been sitting there and standing there and taking __10__ of each other，” Ro says. “ was totally full. I think almost all the people in the town were there.” The 3,500 residents cannot all __11__ the sunshine at the same time. __12__， the new light feels like more than enough for the town's __13__ residents.
“'s not very __14__，” she says, “ when we are __15__.”
1．A. only B. obviously
C. nearly D. precisely
2．A. empty B. blue
C. high D. wide
3．A. cloudy B. normal
C. different D. warm
4．A. helped B. changed
C. happened D. mattered
5．A. remembered B. forecasted
C. received D. imagined
6．A. repair B. risk
C. rest D. use
7．A. forbids B. directs
C. predicts D. follows
8．A. library B. hall
C. square D. street
9．A. appeared B. returned
C. faded D. stopped
10．A. pictures B. notes
C. care D. hold
11．A. block B. avoid
C. enjoy D. store
12．A. Instead B. However
C. Gradually D. Similarly
13．A. nature­loving B. energy­saving
C. weather­beaten D. sun­starved
14．A. big B. clear
C. cold D. easy
15．A. trying B. waiting
C. watching D. sharing
【文章大意】　受周围地势的限制，挪威的留坎小镇在每年九月底到次年三月中旬将近六个月的时间里都享受不到阳光。但是，一组高科技镜面通过反射原理让小镇居民第一次感受到了冬日里的暖阳。人们聚在广场上享受着阳光，惬意地生活着。
【答案与解析】
1．C　根据空前的“does not get direct sunlight from late September to mid­March”及破折号可知，挪威的留坎小镇每年九月底到次年三月中旬这段时间没有阳光照射，空后的“six months out of the year”是对这段时间的说明，指将近六个月的时间。nearly “将近；几乎”，符合语境。only “仅有”；obviously “明显地”；precisely “精确地”。
2．B　根据空后的but和darker可知，设空处意思与darker相反，再根据首段对留坎小镇的地形描述可知，小镇在群山之中，小镇里的居民仰头可以看见蓝天，但是山谷里却是阴暗的。blue “蓝色的”，符合语境。
错解分析　本题易误选C、D项。考生看到天空很容易联想到宽广、高远的天空，却忽略了此处是对高处的天空与低处的山谷进行色彩和明亮程度的对比。
3．A　根据空前的破折号可知，此处是补充说明破折号前的内容，即高处湛蓝的天空衬托着阴暗的山谷，让人感觉山谷里像是阴天。cloudy “多云的；阴天的”，符合语境。normal “正常的”；different “不同的”；warm “温暖的”。
4．B　空前But为表转折的提示词，表示有变化发生。change “改变”，符合语境。help “帮助”；happen “发生”；matter “有关系”。
5．C　根据上文可知，镜面系统将安装在周边山峰，从山峰将阳光反射到小镇。此处表示小镇的居民在周三收到了第一缕冬日的阳光。receive “收到”，符合语境。remember “记得”；forecast “预报”；imagine “想象”。
6．D　根据第三段中的“a system of high­tech mirrors was introduced”和“residents (居民) of Rjukan __5__ their very first ray of winter sunshine”可知，此处指的是一组高科技反射镜面被投入使用。put sth. to use “将某物投入使用”，符合语境。
7．B　根据空前的“The mirrors are controlled by a computer”和空后的“to turn along with the sun throughout the day and to close during windy weather”可知，电脑的作用是控制、管理这组反射镜面。direct “指挥；管理”，符合语境。forbid “禁止”；predict “预言”；follow “跟随”。
8．C　根据空后的“creating an area of sunlight roughly 600 square meters”和第四段中的“The town square”可知，这组镜面将光束集中反射到小镇的中心广场，光照的面积大约为600平方米。square “广场”，符合语境。library “图书馆”；hall “大厅”；street “街道”。
9．A　根据上下文语境及设空处后的“Rjukan residents gathered together”可知，小镇居民齐聚在广场的时候应是有阳光出现的时候。appear “出现”，符合语境。return “返回”；fade “消退”；stop “停止”。
10．A　设空处所在句主要描述小镇居民相聚在有阳光的广场上的场景。take pictures of sb. “给某人拍照”；take notes of “记录”，多接物作宾语；take care of “照顾”；take hold of “握住；抓住……不放”。根据语境并结合4个选项可知，A项符合语境。
11．C　上文提到光照的面积只有大约600平方米，而空前却说小镇有3 500人，故可推断出此处表示不可能所有的居民同时享受到阳光。enjoy “享受”，符合语境。block “阻挡”；avoid “避开”；store “储存”。
12．B　语法知识解题。空前一句提到光照范围不能让全体居民同时享受阳光，但空后内容表示光照对居民来说绰绰有余。故推断出此处为表示转折意义的词。however “但是；然而”，符合语境。instead “相反；而”；gradually “渐渐地”；similarly “类似地”。
13．D　熟词生义解题。由上文可知，小镇的居民一年中有将近六个月是享受不到阳光的。sun­starved “缺乏阳光的”，符合语境。nature­loving “热爱自然的”；energy­saving “节能的”；weather­beaten “饱经风霜的”。
14．A　并列关系解题。根据空后的“but it is enough”可知，此处表达与之相反的意思“它(指大约600平方米的照射面积)不是很大”。big “大的”，符合语境。
15．D　由上文提到的大约600平方米的照射面积不能让所有居民同时享受阳光可知，只有当居民轮流站在阳光下大家才能都享受到冬日的暖阳，从而推断出此处表示“分享”。share “分享”，符合语境。try “尝试”；wait “等待”；watch “观看”。
【突破攻略】
【策略1】利用熟词生义，推断生僻意义
一词多义和熟词生义是近几年高考不断出现的词汇活用现象。备考时应注意单词本义以及根据词根推断单词的生僻意义。

【典型示例1】(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)
As he often did, he stopped by the “after work auction(拍卖)” __①__ by the Italian police where things (found) on the trains were sold to the highest bidder. There, among many other things, Nicolo spotted two paintings he thought would look __②__ above his dining room table.Nicolo and another bidder __③__ until Nicolo finally won the paintings for $32.
①A. attended B. reserved
C. cancelled D. run
②A. nice B. familiar
C. useful D. real
③A. battled B. debated
C. discussed D. bargained
答案与解析　
①D　熟词生义解题。结合常识可知，拍卖会上需要有警察来维持秩序，进行拍卖，由此可知，这个拍卖会是由意大利警方主办的。故选D项。run在本句中是生义，意为“举办；管理”，其熟义为“跑；赛跑”；attend “参加”；reserve “保护”；cancel “取消”。
②A　熟词生义解题。Nicolo认为这两幅画挂在自己的餐桌前会很合适，很好看，所以才会出价竞拍，故选A项。nice在此处是生义，意为“好看的；令人愉快的”， 其熟义为“友好的；可爱的”；familiar “熟悉的”；useful “有用的”；real “真的”。
③A　熟词生义解题。Nicolo和另外一个竞标人竞拍，直到Nicolo最终以32美元的价格赢得了这两幅画。故选A项。battle在本句中是生义，意为“竞拍”，其熟义为“战役；斗争；与……作斗争”。 debate “辩论”；discuss “讨论”；bargain “讨价还价”。

【策略2】利用语法知识，助力试题解答
完形填空中语法知识的考查重点是复合句中的连接词、介词(短语)、“动词＋介词”短语、代词，偶有涉及情态动词、虚拟语气(一般不直接设题，但会夹杂在文章中，考查对语境的理解)。

【典型示例2】(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)
“I figured whoever lost the dog was probably just as __①__ to it as I am to my dogs，” says Ehlers. “If it had been my dog, I'd hope that somebody would be __②__ to go that extra mile.”
①A. equal B. allergic
C. grateful D. close
②A. suitable B. proud
C. wise D. willing
答案与解析　
①D　根据设空后的“as I am to my dogs”并结合选项可知，此处应表示埃勒斯认为狗的主人与他们的狗之间应该是像埃勒斯与自己的狗一样关系非常亲密，故选D项。close “亲密的；密切的”；equal “相等的；平等的”；allergic “过敏的；对……反感的”； grateful “感谢的”。
微记　该句为as ... as ... 句型，表示“与……一样……”。综观四个选项并结合常识即可快速判断出，狗狗与主人的关系应是亲密的，故选D项。这句话的完整表达应为“I figured whoever lost the dog was probably just as close to the dog as I am close to my dogs”。
②D　根据设空前的“If it had been my dog, I'd hope that somebody would be ...”并结合常识可知，此处应指埃勒斯表示如果自己的狗丢了，他会希望有人愿意帮忙将狗送还，故选D。willing “乐意的；愿意的”；suitable “合适的”；proud “自豪的”；wise “明智的；有智慧的”。
　
【策略3】设身处地推理，揣测情绪情感
完形填空常选取具有教育意义的、具备正能量的记叙文，讲述作者本人或作者所见所闻的某一件充满爱、善良、诚实等正能量的事情，因此做题时不应置身事外，而应融入文章中，站在作者或文章主人公的角度考虑并体会文意。

【典型示例3】(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)
The best of a Kilimanjaro __①__，in my opinion, isn't reaching the top. Mountains are (regarded) as spiritual places by many cultures. This __②__ is especially evident on Kilimanjaro as (climbers) go through five ecosystems (生态系统) in the space of a few kilometers.
①A. atmosphere B. experience
C. experiment D. sight
②A. view B. quality
C. reason D. purpose
答案与解析　
①B　在作者看来，来乞力马扎罗最好的经历并不是到达顶峰。登山就是人生的一种经历。故B选项切题。 experience “经历”；atmosphere “氛围”；experiment “实验”；sight “视力；视野；景色”。
②A　登山者在几公里的空间里穿越五个生态系统时，所看到的应该是景色差异尤为明显。故A选项切题。view “景色”；quality “质量”；reason “原因”；purpose “目的”。
【策略3】用好生活常识，完形故事脉络
生活是一本书，世事洞明皆学问。大部分完形填空试题需要联系上下文解答，而这其中有很多是考查生活常识的题。要关心家事、国事、天下事，强大内心，顺利解决现实生活中和试题里的一切问题。

【典型示例4】(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)
A local farmer told them the dog sounded like one (advertised) as lost in the local paper. The ad had a __①__ number for a town in southern Michigan. Ehlers __②__ the number of Jeff and Lisa to tell them he had (found) their dog.
①A. house B. phone
C. street D. car
②A. called B. copied
C. counted D. remembered
答案与解析　
①B　根据设空处后一句中的“the number of Jeff and Lisa”及生活常识可知，此处应表示，广告中有狗的主人的电话号码，故选B项。phone “电话”；house “房子”；street “街道”；car “汽车”。
②A　根据设空后的“the number of Jeff and Lisa”结合生活常识可知，此处指埃勒斯拨打了这个电话，故选A项。call “()打电话”；copy “复制”；count “数数”；remember “记起；想起”。
　
【策略5】使用排除大法，构建合理逻辑
在做完形填空题时，用尽所有办法都不能推断出答案时，还有一个办法，就是排除法。

【典型示例5】(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)
They (eventually) learned that the painting they (owned) was called “The Girl with Two Chairs.” They (studied) the other painting and learned that it was __①__ Paul Gauguin's “Still Life of Fruit on a Table with a Small Dog.” The (family) called the Italian Culture Ministry; the official confirmed that the paintings were __②__ and worth as much as $50 million.
①A. suitably B. actually
C. rightly D．specifically
②A. copies B. originals
C. models D. presents
答案与解析　
①B　他们研究了另一幅画，发现它事实上是Paul Gauguin的Still Life of Fruit on a Table with a Small Dog。 故选B项。actually “事实上”；suitably “适合地”；rightly “正确地”；specifically “具体地”。
②B　根据下文的“worth as much as $50 million”可推测，这两幅画都是画家的原画，故选B项。original “原画；原作”。 copy “复制品”；model “模型”；present “礼物”。




【高频考点强化】
1
Walking while texting could lead to fines of up to $50 or 15 days’ imprisonment as state lawmaker warns of the dangers of “distracted walking”. Jared Schumacher is one of hundreds of thousands of New Jerseyans who 1 use electronic devices to text, listen to music or do other tasks as they walk outdoors.
If a “distracted walking” measure recently proposed by a state assemblywoman (女议员) becomes law, Jared and others like him could face 2 or even jail time.
“I admit that I’m usually listening to music, talking on my phone or texting while I’m walking around,” Schumacher, 20, said while 3 to a text as he walked along a street in the state capital last weekend.
Experts say distracted walking is a growing 4 , as people of all ages become more 5 on electronic devices for personal and professional matters. They also note pedestrian deaths have been 6 in recent years. In 2005, 11% of all US fatalities involved pedestrians, but that number rose to 15% in 2014.
The rise in deaths coincides (相符合) with states 7 bills that target pedestrians and bicyclists. For instance, a bill in Hawaii would fine someone $250 if he or she were to cross the street while 8 an electronic device. Similar bills have failed in states including Arkansas, Illinois, Nevada and New York.
“Thus far, no states have enacted a law 9 targeting distracted bicyclists or pedestrians,” said Douglas Shinkle, transportation program director for the National Conference of State Legislatures. But he added that “a few states 10 to introduce legislation every year.”
The measure recently put forward by New Jersey assemblywoman Pamela Lampitt would 11 walking while texting and ban pedestrians on public roads from using electronic communication devices unless they are 12 .
Lawbreakers would face fines of up to $50, 15 days imprisonment or both, which is the same punishment as jaywalking. Half of the fine would be distributed to safety education about the 13 of walking and texting, said Lampitt, a Democrat.
Some see the proposal as a(n) 14 government overreach, while others say they understand Lampitt’s reasoning. But most agree that people need to be made 15 of the issue.
1. A. naughtily B. fashionably C. routinely D. rarely
2. A. oppositions B. obstacles C. fines D. struggles
3. A. turning B. committing C. shifting D. responding
4. A. problem B. tragedy C. passion D. key
5. A. optimistic B. dependent C. troublesome D. active
6. A. enhancing B. arousing C. rising D. declining
7. A. paying B. denying C. voting D. introducing
8. A. operating B. texting C. adopting D. installing
9. A. understandably B. specifically C. traditionally D. fiercely
10. A. continue B. hate C. refuse D. return
11. A. promote B. ban C. dismiss D. reject
12. A. hands-full B. hands-flexible C. hands-wide D. hands-free
13. A. shortcomings B. desires C. dangers D. opportunities
14. A. unnecessary B. proper C. advanced D. shameful
15. A. aware B. wise C. noticeable D. knowledgeable
【答案】CCDABCDABA BDCAA
【解析】这事一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了美国的一些州可能会对边走路边发短信的分神行为进行罚款或监禁，以此来警告人们走路分神的危害。
1. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：成千上万的新泽西人平常在户外行走时，他们都会使用电子设备发短信、听音乐或做其他事情。Jared Schumacher就是其中之一。A. naughtily顽皮地；B. fashionably时髦地；C. routinely例行公里地；平常；D. rarely很少。由下文“I admit that I’m usually listening to music, talking on my phone or texting while I’m walking around,” Schumacher, 20”可知，Jared Schumacher经常在走路时听音乐，打电话或发短信，所以此处指Jared Schumacher和成千上万的新泽西人一样，平常在户外行走时，都会使用电子设备，故选C。
2. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果将州议员最近提出的反对“走神”立法的话，Jared 以及其他和他一样的人，可能会面临罚款甚至监禁。A. oppositions反对；B. obstacles障碍；C. fines罚款；D. struggles奋斗；挣扎。由第一段第一句话“Walking while texting could lead to fines of up to $50 or 15 days’ imprisonment”可知，边走路边发短信这种“走神”行为，可能会被罚款或监禁，故选C。
3. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：“我承认，我经常边走边听音乐、打电话或发短信,”20岁的Schumacher上周末说，当时他正在北卡罗来纳州首府的一条街道上一边走一边回复短信。A. turning转向；B. committing犯（罪；错）；承诺；C. shifting移动；转移；D. responding回答；回应。由下文“to a text as he walked along a street”可知，此处表示他边走边回短信，故选D。
4. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：专家表示，随着各个年龄段的人们越来越依赖电子设备来处理个人和职业事务，走路分心成为一个日益严重的问题。A. problem问题；B. tragedy不幸；悲剧；C. passion激情；热情；D. key钥匙；关键。由下文“pedestrian deaths”可知，走路分神导致行人出现事故，造成死亡，所以说走路分神是一个日益严重的问题，故选A。
5. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：专家表示，随着各个年龄段的人们越来越依赖电子设备来处理个人和职业事务，走路分心成为一个日益严重的问题。A. optimistic积极的；乐观的；B. dependent依赖的；依靠的；C. troublesome麻烦的；D. active积极的。由上下文“Experts say distracted walking is a growing ____ __, as people of all ages become more ___ __ on electronic devices for personal and professional matters.”可知，走路分神是日益严重的问题，这是因为人们越来越依赖电子设备来处理个人和职业事务，故选B。
6. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们还注意到，近年来行人死亡人数一直在上升。A. enhancing提高；B. arousing引起；激起；C. rising增加；上升；D. declining拒绝；下降。由下文“In 2005, 11% of all US fatalities involved pedestrians, but that number rose to 15% in 2014.”可知，行人死亡数量一直上升，从2005年的11%增长到2014年的15%，故选C。
7. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：死亡人数的上升与各州针对行人和骑自行车者实施的法案情况相吻合。A. paying支付；B. denying否认；C. voting投票；D. introducing实施；引进。由下文“For instance, a bill in Hawaii would fine someone $250 if he or she were to cross the street while _ _ an electronic device. Similar bills have failed in states including Arkansas, Illinois, Nevada and New York.”可知，夏威夷实施了法律，对边走边玩电子设备的人进行处罚，但是一些州的法案失败了。所以此处指各个州实施了一些法案，故选D。
8. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：例如，夏威夷的法案规定，如果某人操作电子设备穿过马路，将被罚款250美元。A. operating操作；B. texting发短信；C. adopting收养；采取；D. installing安装。由上文“use electronic devices”可知，此处指操作电子设备会被罚款，故选A。
9. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：到目前为止，还没有一个州颁布法律专门针对分心的骑自行车者或行人,”Douglas Shinkle说，他是州议会全国会议交通运输项目主管。A. understandably可理解地；B. specifically特意；专门；C. traditionally传统地；D. fiercely猛烈地。由上下文“Thus far, no states have enacted a law _ __targeting distracted bicyclists or pedestrians,”可知，到目前为止，还没有一个州专门针对分心的骑自行车者或行人而颁布法律，故选B。
10. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：但他补充说“有几个州每年都继续立法”。A. continue继续；B. hate讨厌；C. refuse拒绝；D. return返回。由上文“Thus far, no states have enacted a law __ __targeting distracted bicyclists or pedestrians,”可知，到目前为止，还没有一个州专门针对分心的骑自行车者或行人而颁布法律，所以有几个州每年都要继续立法，故选A。
11. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：新泽西州议员Pamela Lampitt最近提出了一项法案，禁止行人在公共道路上边走边发短信，并禁止行人使用电子通讯设备，但是只要不用手他们就可以使用电子设备。A. promote升职；B. ban禁止；C. dismiss开除；D. reject拒绝。由下文“ban pedestrians on public roads from using electronic communication devices”可知，此处表示禁止边走路边发短信，故选B。
12. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：新泽西州议员Pamela Lampitt最近提出了一项法案，禁止行人在公共道路上边走边发短信，并禁止行人使用电子通讯设备，但是只要不用手他们就可以使用电子设备。A. hands-full很忙的；B. hands-flexible手灵活的；C. hands-wide手头宽松的；D. hands-free不用手的；免手持的。由上文“ban pedestrians on public roads from using electronic communication devices unless they are”可知，法案禁止行人使用电子通讯设备，但是只要不用手他们就可以使用电子设备。故选D。
13. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：民主党人Lampitt表示，罚款的一半将用于有关步行和发短信危害的安全教育。A. shortcomings缺点；B. desires渴望；C. dangers危险；D. opportunities机会。由上下文“Half of the fine would be distributed to safety education about the __ ____of walking and texting”可知，罚款的一半将用于有关步行和发短信危害的安全教育，故选C。
14. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一些人认为该提案是政府不必要的过度干预，而另一些人则表示他们理解Lampitt的推理。A. unnecessary没必要的；B. proper合适的；C. advanced先进的；高级的；D. shameful丢脸的；可耻的。由下文“government overreach”可知，一些人们认为这是政府不必要的过度干预，故选A。
15. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但大多数人都认为，人们需要意识到这个问题。A. aware有意识的；B. wise明智的；C. noticeable显而易见的；D. knowledgeable有见识的。由上下文“But most agree that people need to be made __ ____of the issue.”可知，大部分人同意，人们需要意识到走路分神是很严重的，故选A。
2
Many kids think that class and learning is boring. It is especially 16 for teachers to try to make learning fun. There are certain 17 that you also would assume kids would 18 find interesting. One of them is first aid. Many kids probably think first aid lesson is 19 . But first aid is an important 20 for anyone to learn, including children. So how can a 21 make learning about first aid interesting?
One way to do so is to get the children 22 . Have them compete to bandage or care for one of their friends. Tell the children that their friend has cuts all over his body and that he needs to be 23 for. This can create a very fun situation where one child is covered in 24 .
Set up a 25 where the children find one of their friends unconscious. Have one child play the unconscious friend. Have the children call 911 on a play phone and 26 to see if there is a heart rate or breathing. See how 27 they can do all of the necessary tasks and 28 them to other groups of children. Make the whole day into a competition with some sort of 29 for the child or group of children that do the best.
Another way to make first aid training 30 is to have the kids tell stories about scary times when they thought someone needed first aid. This is a good 31 because with the children’s new learning they can figure out how best to help the person in their story. These sorts of 32 will make first aid learning time fun and exciting. The kids will 33 the day when you taught them first aid with fondness, 34 that they will remember what you taught them. Who knows, maybe by making first aid fun you could help to 35 a life.
16. A. difficult B. disappointing C. strange D. worrying
17. A. games B. words C. ideas D. subjects
18. A. always B. never C. often D. sometimes
19. A. prepared B. different C. boring D. private
20. A. scheme B. treatment C. skill D. label
21. A. teacher B. student C. victim D. child
22. A. educated B. trained C. focused D. involved
23. A. cared B. blamed C. thanked D. called
24. A. organs B. bandages C. barriers D. symptoms
25. A. business B. connection C. situation D. system
26. A. fail B. check C. wait D. stop
27. A. tightly B. firmly C. mildly D. quickly
28. A. compare B. introduce C. expose D. relate
29. A. protection B. permission C. guide D. reward
30. A. organized B. simple C. formal D. fun
31. A. time B. activity C. lesson D. answer
32. A. questions B. stories C. jokes D. articles
33. A. forget B. heal C. remember D. apply
34. A. believing B. suggesting C. meaning D. providing
35. A. save B. follow C. lead D. build
【答案】AD B CC ADABC BDADD B B CCA
【解析】这是一篇说明文，介绍了教师如何使急救课变得有趣：一是让学生参与到模拟实施急救的课堂中来；二是让学生回忆并讲述急救故事。
16. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：许多孩子认为上课和学习很无聊。让学习变得有趣对老师来说尤其困难。 A. difficult困难的；B. disappointing令人失望的；C. strange奇怪的；陌生的；D. worrying令人担忧的。根据首句“Many kids think that class and learning is boring”及利用因果关系可推断：对教师来说，让学习过程变得有趣显得特别difficult(困难)。故选A项。
17. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：你也许会认为有些科目孩子们永远不会感兴趣。A. games游戏；比赛；B. words话语；文字；C. ideas思想，主意，想法；D. subjects科目。由开头的“class and learning”及下文的“first aid lessons”可知该空应选subjects(科目)。故选D项。
18. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：你也许会认为有些科目孩子们永远不会感兴趣。A. always总是，一直；B. never从未，绝不；C. often经常；D. sometimes有时，偶尔。据上文中的boring推断可知：孩子们认为学习枯燥无聊，你也可能会认为孩子们never(肯定不会)对有些科目感兴趣。故选B项。
19. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：很多孩子可能认为急救课很无聊。A. prepared准备；B. different不同的；C. boring枯燥，无聊的；D. private私人的，私下的。从文章首句“Many kids think that class and learning is boring”可得知：许多孩子可能认为急救训练像其他科目一样boring(枯燥)。急救课也是学习的课程。原词复现。故选C项。
20. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：但急救是任何人都要学习的重要技能，包括儿童。A. scheme方案，策略；B. treatment治疗；C. skill技能；D. label标签。急救是一项重要技能。故选C项。
21. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：那么，老师怎样才能使学习急救变得有趣呢? A. teacher教师；B. student学生；C. victim受害者；D. child孩子。急救课是由老师来教的，应该是老师使急救课变得有趣。故选A项。
22. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一种方法是让孩子们参与进来。A. educated受教育的；B. trained受训练的；C. focused注意力集中的；D. involved参与的。根据该空后的内容：让孩子们比赛用绷带包扎及照顾他们的朋友可知，要让急救课变得有趣的其中一个方法是让孩子们参与进来。故选D项。
23. 考查动词词义辨析和固定短语。句意：告诉孩子们，他们的朋友全身都有伤口，他需要被照顾。A. cared照顾；B. blamed谴责，责备；C. thanked感谢；D. called呼叫，打电话。根据前句的“care for one of their friends”，身上有伤，应该被照顾，短语care for表示“照顾；喜爱”。故选A项。
24. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这可以创造一个非常有趣的情况，其中一个孩子全身包扎着绷带。A. organs器官；B. bandages绷带；C. barriers障碍；D. symptoms症状。根据上句中的“has cuts all over his body”可知，既然有伤口应该是用绷带包住。故选B项。
25. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：设置一个情境，让孩子们发现他们的一个朋友失去知觉。A. business生意，商业；B. connection联系；C. situation情况；D. system体系，系统，制度。由下文的描述：让其中一个孩子扮演失去知觉的朋友，并让孩子们用玩具电话拔打911等可知是一个模拟场景，一种虚拟的情况。故选C项。
26. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：让孩子用游戏电话拨打911，并且检查朋友是否有心跳或呼吸。A. fail失败；B. check查看；C. wait等候；D. stop停止，阻止。根据实施急救前应做的事情可推断，教师是让学生检看昏迷者是否有心跳或呼吸，心跳和呼吸是需要查看一下。故选B项。
27. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：看看他们能多快完成所有必要的任务，并将他们与其他组的孩子进行比较。A. tightly紧紧地；B. firmly坚定地；C. mildly温和地；D. quickly快速地。根据后面的“and them to other groups of children. Make the whole day into a competition”可知，既然是比赛，那肯定就是看谁快了。故选D项。
28. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：看看他们能多快完成所有必要的任务，并将他们与其他组的孩子进行比较。A. compare比较；B. introduce介绍；C. expose暴露；D. relate联系。据前半句：看孩子们完成所有必要的任务有多快，以及下句：让孩子们参与到一天的比赛中来，比赛，应该是比较一下，孩子之间，小组之间的差异，compare (比较)符合语境。故选A项。
29. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：把一整天的时间变成一场比赛，给做得最好的孩子或一群孩子某种奖励。A. protection保护；B. permission许可，允许；C. guide指南，导游；D. reward奖励，酬谢。前面提到competition，比赛一般获胜的会有奖品，由此空后“child or group of children that do the best”可推断得知，对那些做得最好的孩子或小组要给予某些reward(奖励)。故选D项。
30. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：让急救训练变得有趣的另一种方法是让孩子们讲他们认为有人需要急救的可怕时刻的故事。A. organized有组织的； B. simple简单，朴素的；C. formal正式的；D. fun有趣的。第一段第二句中的“make learning fun”及此段末句中的“make learning about first aid interesting”，可知全文在讲如何让急救课变得有趣好玩。词语同现。故选D项。
31. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是一个很好的活动，因为通过孩子们的新知识，他们可以弄清楚如何最好地帮助故事中的人。A. time时间；B. activity活动；C. lesson可，教训；D. answer回答，答案。让孩子们讲故事是一项很好的活动故选B项。
32. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些故事会让急救学习变得有趣和刺激。A. questions问题；B. stories故事；C. jokes玩笑；D. articles文章。从本段中的前两句中的“tell storied, in their story”可知，建议老师先编一些故事情节，这些故事能使急救学习变得有趣。原词复现。故选B项。
33. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：孩子们会记得你带着喜爱教他们急救的那一天，这意味着他们会记住你教他们的东西。A. forget忘记；B. heal治愈；痊愈；C. remember记住，记得；D. apply运用；申请。根据后半句“they will remember …”，remember原词复现。孩子们记住那一天，也记住了你所教的内容。故选C项。
34. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：孩子们会记得你带着爱教他们急救的那一天，这意味着他们会记住你教他们的东西。A. believing认为；B. suggesting建议，表明；C. meaning意味着；D. providing提供。由前半句“The kids will remember the day when you taught them first aid with fondness”推理可知：这就意味着他们会记住你教的内容，故选C项。
35. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：谁知道呢，也许通过让急救变得有趣，你可以帮助挽救一条生命。A. save拯救，挽救；节约；B. follow跟随，效仿；C. lead带领；D. build建立，修建。也许让急救知识的学习变得有趣，你可能帮助“挽救（save）”一个人的生命。急救知识就是用来救人的。故选A项。
3
Archaeologists are scientists who search for clues that help form a clearer picture of the lives people led in the past. Archaeology is a modern science, but it has been 36 for centuries. More than 2,400 years ago, the Greek historian Herodotus described the Egyptian pyramids and other monuments. He may have been the first writer to consider that remains and 37 could provide information for 38 generations. For more than a thousand years, however, such 39 were observers rather than researchers.
In the 1700s, scientists and adventurers from a variety of countries traveled 40 to explore ancients sites. Digs that are still 41 began in 1709 at Herculaneum, an Italian city buried in ash during the explosion of Mount Vesuvius in A. D. 79. The Danish scholar The Danish scholar Carsten Niebuhr visited the ruins of Persepolis in the Middle East in 1754to study cuneiform writing (楔形文字). 42 , archaeology didn’t become a widely recognized science and school didn’t recognize the subject as a scholarly pursuit until the 19th century. The term itself was 43 in 1837. It comes from a Latin word meaning “the study of antiques (古物)”. One of the first archaeologists to use a scientific approach to the discipline was Heinrich Schliemann of Germany，who in the late 1800s 44 the ancient civilization of the city of Troy.
Today，archaeologists uncover the past in many different 45 , including deserts and jungles，at sites called digs. Ancient sources, folk tales, and landscape features can suggest where archaeologists should look. Surveys of the land help them choose sites 46 to provide artifacts, the objects that will unlock the story of a particular people—their daily lives, their beliefs, and their ties to other cultures. A site, however, does not have to be old to be interesting to an archaeologist. Some prefer to study more 47 settlements. One scientist, for instance, studies coal mining camps in California by examining the garbage that miners 48 . Archaeologists may work for universities, museums or governments, and some of them are involved in educating the public about 49 ancient sites. Artifact hunters who are 50 history rob these places and sell what they find for a few dollars to immoral dealers in antiquities.
36. A. advancing B. changing C. digging D. evolving
37. A. books B. history C. ruins D. science
38. A. lost B. later C. older D. several
39. A. inventors B. scholars C. visitors D. writers
40. A. extensively B. nationwide C. regularly D. together
41. A. in progress B. in good condition C. on display D. out of control
42. A. Besides B. However C. Instead D. Meanwhile
43. A. coined B. considered C. recognized D. used
44. A. created B. developed C. established D. investigated
45. A. countries B. fields C. locations D. ways
46. A. certain B. likely C. ready D. necessary
47. A. honorable B. peaceful C. rural D. recent
48. A. gave away B. gave off C. left behind D. left out
49. A. choosing B. examining C. studying D. protecting
50. A. aware of B. fed up with C. ignorant of D. familiar with
【答案】 D C BB A ABA D C BDC DC
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了考古学的发展以及考古学家们的工作内容。
36. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：考古学是一门现代科学，但它已经发展了几个世纪。A. advancing前进；B. changing改变；C. digging挖掘；D. evolving发展，进化。结合后文“for centuries”指考古学已经发展了几个世纪，应用evolve。故选D。
37. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他可能是第一个认为遗迹和废墟可以为后人提供信息的作家。A. books书籍；B. history历史；C. ruins废墟；D. science科学。根据上文“remains and”以及常识，考古学主要是研究遗迹和废墟，即遗迹和废墟可以为后人提供信息。故选C。
38. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他可能是第一个认为遗迹和废墟可以为后人提供信息的作家。A. lost迷路的；B. later较晚的；C. older年长的；D. several几个。根据后文“generations”可知，考古学主要是研究以前遗迹和废墟，来为后人提供信息。故选B。
39. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，一千多年来，这些学者都是观察者而不是研究者。A. inventors发明家；B. scholars学者；C. visitors游客；D. writers作者。根据上文“the Greek historian Herodotus”和后文“were observers rather than researchers”可知，此处指研究遗迹和废墟的学者，在一千多年的时间里都只是观察者，而不是研究者。故选B。
40. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：在18世纪，来自不同国家的科学家和冒险家进行了大量的旅行，以探索古代遗迹。A. extensively广泛地；B. nationwide全国性的；C. regularly定期地；D. together一起。根据本处“scientists and adventurers from a variety of countries traveled to explore ancients sites”和常识可知，要找到古代遗迹，需要广泛地旅行探索。故选A。
41. 考查固定短语辨析。句意：赫库兰尼姆的挖掘工作始于1709年，在公元79年维苏威火山爆发期间，这座意大利城市被火山灰掩埋，目前仍在进行中。A. in progress正在进行；B. in good condition状况良好；C. on display在展出；D. out of control失控。根据上文“Digs that are still”可知，赫库兰尼姆的挖掘工作目前仍在进行中。故选A。
42. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，考古学并没有成为一门被广泛认可的科学，直到19世纪学校才将其作为一种学术追求。A. Besides此外；B. However然而；C. Instead相反；D. Meanwhile同时。结合前后文语境可知为转折关系，应用however。故选B。
43. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这个词是在1837年创造的。A. coined创造；B. considered考虑；C. recognized识别；D. used使用。根据上文“The term itself was”和下文“ It comes from a Latin word meaning “the study of antiques (古物)””可知，archaeology这个词来自一个拉丁词，意思是“古董研究”，说明“archaeology”这个词是被创造出来的，应用coin表示“创造新词”。故选A。
44. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：德国的海因里希·施利曼是最早使用科学方法研究这一学科的考古学家之一，他在19世纪末调查了特洛伊城的古代文明。A. created创造；B. developed发展；C. established建立；D. investigated调查。根据后文“the ancient civilization of the city of Troy”和“Surveys of the land”可知，此处指海因里希·施利曼在19世纪末调查了特洛伊城的古代文明。故选D。
45. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：今天，考古学家们在许多不同的地方发现了过去的历史，包括沙漠和丛林，这些地方被称为挖掘点。A. countries国家；B. fields领域；C. locations位置；D. ways方法。根据后文“including deserts and jungles”指在不同的地方发现过去的历史。故选C。
46. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：对这片土地的调查帮助他们选择可能提供史前器物的地点，这些物品将揭示一个特定民族的故事——他们的日常生活、他们的信仰以及他们与其他文化的联系。A. certain必然的；B. likely可能的；C. ready准备好的；D. necessary必要的。根据前文“Surveys of the land”和后文“to provide artifacts”可知，对考古地点调查是为了找到遗迹，此处指找到可能提供文物的地点。故选B。
47. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：有些人更喜欢研究最近时期的定居点。A. honorable光荣的；B. peaceful和平的；C. rural农村的；D. recent最近的。根据上文“A site, however, does not have to be old to be interesting to an archaeologist.”可知，考古学家感兴趣的遗址并不一定是古老的，说明有些人更喜欢研究最近时期的定居点。故选D。
48. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：例如，一位科学家通过检查矿工留下的垃圾来研究加州的煤矿营地。A. gave away赠送；B. gave off发出；C. left behind留下；D. left out忽视。根据上文“the garbage that miners”可知，此处指旷工留下的垃圾。故选C。
49. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：考古学家可能为大学、博物馆或政府工作，他们中的一些人从事教育公众关于保护古代遗址的工作。A. choosing选择；B. examining检查；C. studying学习；D. protecting保护。根据前文“some of them are involved in educating the public about”以及后文“ancient sites”可知，考古学家中的一些人从事教育公众关于保护古代遗址的工作。故选D。
50. 考查形容词短语辨析。句意：对历史一无所知的文物猎人抢劫这些地方，把他们找到的东西以几美元的价格卖给不道德的古董商人。A. aware of意识到；B. fed up with受够了；C. ignorant of不知道；D. familiar with熟悉。根据后文“history rob these places and sell what they find for a few dollars to immoral dealers in antiquities”可知，文物猎人抢劫这些地方只是为了贩卖古董，且低价出售，说明他们对文物的价值不清楚，对历史一无所知。故选C。
4
Many people mistakenly characterize camping as an activity for the younger generations. 51 , camping is a fantastic activity for people of all 52 . It’s even better when you enjoy multi-generational camping.
Small children can be a good trial to 53 with. They have a harder time being 54 on the way to the destination and also have a shorter attention span (跨度). Despite these small 55 , camping with children can be a vastly 56 experience. They experience wonder at the smallest things, so camping with them can 57 your sense of wonder at the world. If camping with them, be prepared to have various activities 58 , which will keep the children busy and tire them out during the day.
Older generations, with varied life experiences, are also fun to camp with. To enjoy this, 59 grandparents and great grandparents on camping trips, which provides you with an opportunity to hear their 60 and learn from them. If camping with your elderly travelers, make different 61 arrangements depending on their physical needs. RVing (房车) would be more comfortable as opposed to sleeping in a 62 . Also, take into consideration their 63 when planning activities. Perhaps shorter hikes would be better than long backpacking trips.
Every generation in your camping experience will 64 a different set of experiences and knowledge. So multi-generational camping is 65 , allowing these wonderful things to come together and enrich the whole group just by letting them be together for a period of time.
51. A. Besides B. Therefore C. Somehow D. However
52. A. personalities B. races C. cultures D. ages
53. A. compete B. meet C. travel D. communicate
54. A. moody B. patient C. awake D. curious
55. A. difficulties B. habits C. tasks D. fights
56. A. painful B. traditional C. rewarding D. popular
57. A. renew B. change C. hide D. document
58. A. called off B. put forward C. lined up D. agreed to
59. A. expect B. invite C. challenge D. permit
60. A. solution B. advice C. secrets D. stories
61. A. studying B. diet C. living D. entertainment
62. A. house B. tent C. hotel D. bus
63. A. feelings B. abilities C. relationship D. knowledge
64. A. bring B. acquire C. adopt D. encounter
65. A. flexible B. convenient C. secure D. magical
【答案】D D CB A CA CBD C B BAD
【解析】本文是一篇议论文。文章介绍了带孩子和老人一起去露营的好处，并建议大家进行多代露营。
51. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，露营对所有年龄段的人来说都是一项极好的活动。A. Besides此外；B. Therefore因此；C. Somehow以某种方式；D. However然而。根据下文中的“camping is a fantastic activity for people of all”及语境可知，许多人错误地将露营定性为年轻一代的活动。然而，露营对于各个年龄段的人来说都是一种极好的活动。故选D。
52. 考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. personalities个性；B. races种族；C. cultures文化；D. ages年龄。根据上文中的“for people of all”及语境可知，露营对于各个年龄段的人来说都是一种极好的活动。故选D。
53. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：带着小孩子旅行是很好的尝试。A. compete竞争；B. meet遇见；C. travel旅行；D. communicate交流。根据“camping with children can be a vastly ______ experience.”可知，与小孩子们一起旅行可能是一次不错的尝试。故选C。
54. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们在到达目的地的路上很难有耐心，注意力也较短。A. moody情绪多变的；B. patient耐心的；C. awake醒着的；D. curious好奇的。根据下文中的“also have a shorter attention span(跨度)”及语境可知，此处指孩子们很难在旅行途中保持耐心。故选B。
55. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽管有这些小困难，和孩子们一起露营仍然是非常有益的经历。A. difficulties困难；B. habits习惯；C. tasks任务；D. fights斗争，打架。根据“They have a harder time being ____ on the way to the destination and also have a shorter attention span (跨度).”可知，尽管有这些小困难，和孩子们一起露营仍会是一次非常有收获的经历。故选A。
56. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上。A. painful痛苦的；B. traditional传统的；C. rewarding值得的；D. popular受欢迎的。根据“They experience wonder at the smallest things, so camping with them can __ your sense of wonder at the world.”可知，此处指尽管有这些小困难，和孩子们一起露营仍是非常值得的经历。故选C。
57. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们在最小的事情上都能体验到惊奇，所以和他们一起露营可以更新你对这个世界的惊奇感。A. renew更新；B. change改变；C. hide隐藏；D. document记录。根据上文中的“They experience wonder at the smallest things”及下文中的“your sense of wonder at the world”及语境可知，孩子们在最小的事物上都能体验到惊奇，因此与他们一起露营可以重新激发起你对世界的新奇感。故选A。
58. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：如果和他们一起露营，要准备好各种各样的活动，这会让孩子们忙碌起来，让他们在白天筋疲力尽。A. called off取消；B. put forward提出；C. lined up排队，列出；D. agreed to同意。根据下文中的“which will keep the children busy and tire them out during the day”可知，如果和他们一起去露营，要准备好列出各种各样的活动，这些活动可以使孩子们在白天忙得不亦乐乎。故选C。
59. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：为了享受这个过程，可以邀请祖父母和曾祖父母一起去露营，这样你就有机会听到他们的故事，并向他们学习。A. expect期待；B. invite邀请；C. challenge挑战；D. permit允许。根据下文“which provides you with an opportunity to hear their ____ and learn from them.”可知，此处指邀请祖父母和曾祖父母去露营。故选B。
60. 考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. solution解决方法；B. advice建议；C. secrets秘密；D. stories故事。根据上文中的“Older generations, with varied life experiences”可知，上一代有着丰富的生活经历。因此和他们一起去露营给你提供了倾听他们的故事并向他们学习的机会。故选D。
61. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果你和年长的旅行者一起露营，根据他们的身体需要，做不同的生活安排。A. studying学习，研究；B. diet饮食；C. living居住；D. entertainment娱乐。根据下文“RVing (房车) would be more comfortable as opposed to sleeping in a _______.”可知，如果和年老的旅行者一起去露营，要根据他们的身体状况做不同的居住安排。故选C。
62. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：开房车比睡在帐篷里舒服多了。A. house房子；B. tent帐篷；C. hotel宾馆；D. bus公共汽车。根据语境可知，与睡在帐篷里相比，睡在房车里会更加的舒适。故选B。
63. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：此外，在计划活动时要考虑他们的能力。A. feelings感觉；B. abilities能力；C. relationship关系；D. knowledge知识。根据下文“Perhaps shorter hikes would be better than long backpacking trips.”可知，也许短途的徒步旅行比长途旅行更好。由此可推知，计划活动时也要考虑老年人的能力。故选B。
64. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在你的露营经历中，每一代人都会带来不同的经验和知识。A. bring带来；B. acquire获得；C. adopt采用；D. encounter遇到。根据下文中的“a different set of experiences and knowledge”可知，参与露营活动的每一代人都会带来一系列不同的经验和知识。故选A。
65. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：所以多代人的露营是很神奇的，让这些美好的事物聚集在一起，并通过让他们在一起一段时间来丰富整个团队。A. flexible灵活的；B. convenient方便的；C. secure安全的；D. magical有魔力的。根据下文中的“allowing these wonderful things to come together and enrich the whole group just by letting them be together for a period of time”可知，多代露营是神奇的，只是让大家聚在一起一段时间，就能使所有这些美好的东西汇集在一起，并且使得整个团队变得充实。故选D。
5
What is the first thing that comes to your mind when you hear the word “hero”? Is it someone who 66 a cape(披风) and can 67 in the air? There are super heroes in the film, and also 68 heroes in our lives. But what 69 a person a hero?In general, a hero is someone selfless and 70 .These qualities 71 heroes to help others in times of need, even if they are 72 when something bad happens. “The heroes are people that generally go above and 73 the call of duty. They do things that are 74 ,” said Nick Carden, a psychologist. Nick Carden said, heroes are made. “They 75 are people that have been helped by or have been modeled or raised to have those as values.”
Ordinary people are heroes in their own way, simply just by 76 their part for their families and communities. Cleaners, doctors and bus drivers—the 77 goes on and on. Sometimes, when there are accidents, these 78 people show courage and bravery to help 79 strangers in need. To act heroically is a choice that many of us will be called upon to 80 at some point in time.
66. A. wears B. guides C. hides D. carries
67. A. signal B. fly C. notice D. blow
68. A. everyday B. known C. familiar D. great
69. A. suggests B. supposes C. makes D. celebrates
70. A. energetic B. silent C. fast D. brave
71. A. drive B. risk C. make D. lead
72. A. tired B. broken C. scared D. confident
73. A. past B. forward C. beyond D. before
74. A. different B. amazing C. proper D. special
75. A. fairly B. probably C. exactly D. eagerly
76. A. pushing B. putting C. knowing D. doing
77. A. unit B. career C. list D. deed
78. A. wise B. adorable C. sensitive D. ordinary
79. A. complete B. local C. favorable D. nervous
80. A. meet B. make C. save D. reward
【答案】ABA C D ACC BB D C D AB
【解析】这是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了如何定义一个“英雄”以及英雄的一些品质和他们是如何成为英雄的。
66. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：是指穿着斗篷能在空中飞翔的人吗？A. wears穿着；B. guides指导；C. hides隐藏；D. carries搬运。根据后文宾语“a cape”可知指穿着斗篷，应用wear。故选A。
67. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：是指穿着斗篷能在空中飞翔的人吗？A. signal发信号；B. fly飞；C. notice注意到；D. blow吹气。根据后文“in the air”可知指穿着斗篷在空中飞翔。故选B。
68. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：电影中有超级英雄，我们生活也由普通英雄。A. everyday每天的；B. known已知的；C. familiar熟悉的；D. great极好的。根据后文“heroes in our lives”可知在每天的日常生活中也有普通英雄。故选A。
69. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是，是什么让一个人成为英雄呢？A. suggests建议；B. supposes认为；C. makes制作，使役动词；D. celebrates庆祝。根据后文“a person a hero”指是什么让一个人成为英雄，应用动词make。故选C。
70. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一般来说，英雄是无私和勇敢的人。A. energetic精力充沛的；B. silent沉默的；C. fast快速的；D. brave勇敢的。根据上文“In general, a hero is someone selfless and”以及常识，英雄应该是无私和勇敢的人。故选D。
71. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些品质促使英雄们在需要帮助的时候帮助别人，即使他们在糟糕的事情发生时感到害怕。A. drive驱使；B. risk冒险；C. make制作；D. lead带领。根据后文“heroes to help others in times of need”可知无私和勇敢的品质促使英雄们在需要帮助的时候帮助别人，故选A。
72. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这些品质促使英雄们在需要帮助的时候帮助别人，即使他们在糟糕的事情发生时感到害怕。A. tired疲惫的；B. broken破碎的；C. scared害怕的；D. confident自信的。根据上文“heroes to help others in times of need, even if they are”中even if表示让步，可知即使英雄感到害怕，也会去帮助别人。故选C。
73. 考查介词词义辨析。句意：英雄通常是超越职责要求的人。A. past经过；B. forward向前；C. beyond超过；D. before在……之前。根据后文“the call of duty”可知能做英雄人往往是那些做了超出职责要求的人。above and beyond the call of duty“超越职责范围”故选C。
74. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们做的事情都很棒。A. different不同的；B. amazing令人惊讶的；C. proper合适的；D. special特别的。结合语境，英雄即使是自己害怕，也能去帮助别人，所以他们做的事情都很棒。故选B。
75. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：他们可能是那些被帮助或被模仿或被培养成有这些价值观的人。A. fairly相当地；B. probably可能；C. exactly恰好地；D. eagerly热切地。根据后文“are people that have been helped by or have been modeled or raised to have those as values”此处是一种推测，指英雄可能是那些被帮助或被模仿或被培养成有这些价值观的人。故选B。
76. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：普通人以他们自己的方式成为英雄，仅仅是通过为他们的家庭和社区尽自己的一份力。A. pushing推；B. putting放置；C. knowing知道；D. doing做。根据后文“their part for their families and communities”指普通人通过为他们的家庭和社区尽自己的一份力。do one’s part“尽自己的职责”。故选D。
77. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：清洁工、医生和公共汽车司机——名单不胜枚举。A. unit单位；B. career事业；C. list列表，名单；D. deed行为。根据上文“Cleaners, doctors and bus drivers”可知生活中普通英雄很多，名单不胜枚举。故选C。
78. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：有时，当发生事故时，这些普通人表现出胆量和勇气去帮助完全陌生的人。A. wise明智的；B. adorable可爱的；C. sensitive敏感的；D. ordinary普通的。呼应上文“Ordinary people”此处是在说明普通人在发生事故时的表现。故选D。
79. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：有时，当发生事故时，这些普通人表现出胆量和勇气去帮助完全陌生的人。A. complete完全的；B. local当地的；C. favorable有利的；D. nervous紧张的。根据后文“strangers in need”指帮助完全陌生的人，应用complete。故选A。
80. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：英勇地行动是我们许多人在某个时候都会被要求做出的选择。A. meet遇见；B. make制作；C. save拯救；D. reward奖励。根据上文“a choice that many of us will be called upon to”指做出选择，应用make。故选B。
6
Music is nice, people seem to say, but not important. When students and parents are asked to rate subjects according to their importance, the music arts are 81 at the bottom of the list. Too often, music is viewed as mere entertainment, but certainly not an education which should be first emphasized. This view is 82 . In fact, music education is beneficial and important for all students.
Music tells us who we are. Because music is an expression of the beings who create it, it 83 their thinking and values, as well as the social 84 it came from. Rock music 85 a lifestyle just as surely as does a Schubert song. The jazz influence that George Gershwin and other musicians introduced into their music is obviously American 86 it came from American musical traditions. Music expresses our character and values. It gives us identity（身份，同一性）as a society.
Music provides a kind of feeling cannot be 87 any other way 88 can explain how the sun rises and sets. The arts explore the emotional meaning of the same phenomenon（现象）. We need every possible way to discover and 89 to our world for one simple but powerful reason: No one way can get it all.
The arts are forms of thought as powerful in what they communicate as mathematical and scientific symbols. They are ways we human being "talk" to each other. They are the 90 of civilization（ 文 明 ）through which we express our fears, our curiosities, our hungers, our discoveries, our hopes. The arts are ways we give form to our ideas and imagination so that they can be 91 others. When we do not give children 92 to an important way of expressing themselves such as music, we 93 from them the meanings that music expresses.
Science and technology do not tell us what it means to be human. The 94 do. Music is an important way we express the meaning and value of peace and love.
So music education is far more 95 than people seems to realize.
81. A. similarly B. doubtfully C. unavoidably D. unexpectedly
82. A. respectful B. shortsighted C. reasonable D. instructive
83. A. conveys B. attempts C. shifts D. changes
84. A. structure B. benefit C. content D. environment
85. A. calls on B. stands for C. makes up D. looks through
86. A. though B. so C. because D. that
87. A. acquired B. understood C. occupied D. noticed
88. A. Music B. Entertainment C. Mathematics D. Science
89. A. stick B. turn C. lead D. react
90. A. means B. languages C. features D. achievements
91. A. compared with B. exposed to C. shared with D. drawn from
92. A. solution B. access C. entrance D. direction
93. A. take away B. set aside C. draw up D. work out
94. A. musicians B. teachers C. courses D. arts
95. A. enjoyable B. wasteful C. necessary D. negative
【答案】CBADB CAD DC CBAD C
【解析】本文是一篇议论文，主要讲的是音乐教育对于孩子的重要性。
81. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当学生和家长被要求根据重要性给科目打分时，音乐艺术不可避免地排在最后。A. similarly同样地；B. doubtfully怀疑地；C. unavoidably不可避免地；D. unexpectedly出乎意料地。由上文的“but not important”可知，人们觉得音乐不重要，所以给科目打分时，音乐艺术不可避免地排在最后。故选C。
82. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这种观点是目光短浅的。A. respectful尊敬的；B. shortsighted目光短浅的；C. reasonable合理的；D. instructive有启发性的。由后文的“music education is beneficial and important”可知，音乐教育对所有学生都是有益和重要的，因此前面的看法是目光短浅的，故选B。
83. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：因为音乐是创造它的人的一种表达，它传达了他们的思想和价值观，以及它所来自的社会环境。A. conveys表达；B. attempts尝试；C. shifts转换；D. changes改变。由“their thinking and values”可知，音乐传达了他们的思想和价值观，故选A。
84. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：因为音乐是创造它的人的一种表达，它传达了他们的思想和价值观，以及它所来自的社会环境。A. structure结构；B. benefit利益；C. content内容；D. environment环境。由“social”和“it came from”可知，此处表示“它所来自的社会环境”，故选D。
85. 考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：摇滚乐就像舒伯特的歌一样代表着一种生活方式。A. calls on号召；B. stands for代表；C. makes up组成；D. looks through浏览。由“Rock music”和“a lifestyle”可知，摇滚乐代表着一种生活方式。故选B。
86. 考查连词词义辨析。句意：乔治·格什温和其他音乐家引入他们的音乐的爵士乐影响显然是美国的，因为它来自美国的音乐传统。A. though虽然；B. so因此；C. because因为；D. that无实意。由后文的“it came from American musical traditions”可知，这是在解释爵士乐是美国的的原因，因此空格处是“因为”，故选C。
87. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：音乐提供了一种无法通过其他方式获得的情感。A. acquired获得；B. understood明白；C. occupied占据；D. noticed注意。由“feeling cannot be”可知，此处表示“音乐提供了一种无法通过其他方式获得的情感”，故选A。
88. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：科学可以解释太阳是如何升起和落下的。A. Music音乐；B. Entertainment娱乐；C. Mathematics数学；D. Science科学。由“how the sun rises and sets”可知，太阳是如何升起和落下的是科学来解释的，故选D。
89. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们需要每一种可能的方式来发现和回应我们的世界，原因很简单，但很强大：没有一种方式可以得到所有。A. stick粘贴；B. turn转向；C. lead带领；D. react反应。由“discover”和“to our world”可知，我们需要每一种可能的方式来发现和回应我们的世界，故选D。
90. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：它们是文明的特征，我们通过它们来表达我们的恐惧、好奇、饥饿、发现和希望。A. means方法；B. languages语言；C. features特征；D. achievements成就。由“of civilization”可知，艺术是文明的特征，故选C。
91. 考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：艺术是我们赋予思想和想象以形式的方式，以便与他人分享。A. compared with与......比较；B. exposed to暴露于；C. shared with和......分享；D. drawn from从……中得到。由“others”可知，此处是说“与他人分享”，故选C。
92. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我们不让孩子们接触到表达自我的重要方式，比如音乐，我们就剥夺了他们音乐所表达的意义。A. solution解决方法；B. access通路；C. entrance入口；D. direction方向。由“to an important way of expressing themselves such as music”可知，当我们不让孩子们接触到表达自我的重要方式，比如音乐，我们就剥夺了他们音乐所表达的意义，give sb. access to是固定短语，意为“让某人接近”，故选B。
93. 考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：当我们不让孩子们接触到表达自我的重要方式，比如音乐，我们就剥夺了他们音乐所表达的意义。A. take away拿走；B. set aside把......放一边；C. draw up起草；D. work out解决。由“do not give children____ to an important way of expressing themselves such as music”和“from them the meanings that music expresses”结合上文提到人们不重视音乐艺术教育可知，句子表示“当我们不让孩子们接触到表达自我的重要方式，比如音乐，我们就剥夺了他们音乐所表达的意义”，故选A。
94. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：艺术可以。A. musicians音乐家；B. teachers教师；C. courses课程；D. arts艺术。由后文的“Music is an important way we express the meaning and value of peace and love”可知，科学和技术并没有告诉我们作为人类意味着什么，而艺术可以，故选D。
95. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：所以音乐教育远比人们意识到的更有必要。A. enjoyable令人愉快的；B. wasteful浪费的；C. necessary必要的；D. negative否定的。由上文的“Music is an important way we express the meaning and value of peace and love.”可知，音乐是我们表达和平与爱的意义和价值的重要方式，因此音乐教育远比人们意识到的更有必要。故选C。