专题12 共享单车-备战2022高考英语语法填空话题分类训练

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备战2022高考英语语法填空话题分类训练专题12  共享单车Passage 1（2021·辽宁·抚顺县高级中学校高三一模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。China has once again showed its ability to change the world with its “four great new 1．(invent)” —high-speed rail, electronic payment, shared bicycles, and online shopping.China’s new-generation high-speed train, the Fuxing Hao, 2． can travel at a speed of 350 km/h, is now one of the 3．(fast) trains in the world. Besides high-speed rail, China 4．(improve) people’s lives in many other innovative(创新的) ways over the last ten years.Bike sharing, for example, is not new itself. But China has made 5． much more convenient and popular both in China and overseas. The leading Chinese bike-sharing companies Mobike and Ofo are now operating in foreign countries such as Singapore and Britain.And back in China, when riding a shared bike, you can stop 6．(buy) and eat whatever you want 7．(simple) with a tap on your phone. You could easily pay with your smartphone by 8．(scan) the seller’s QR code. Cashless payment has grown into 9． choice for Chinese people—even a pancake seller is using Alipay.Besides, the four innovative ways of life are most appealing to youths from 20 countries taking part 10． the Belt and Road Initiative, and they wish their countries would emulate(效仿) China in terms of technological achievements.Passage 2（2020·浙江·丽水外国语实验学校高三二模）阅读下面材料, 在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。China, once famous for four inventions in ancient times, has once again showed its ability 11． （change）the world with its“new four great inventions”：electronic payments, shared bicycles, high-speed railways and online shopping.With electronic payments, people can buy and eat 12． they want simply with a tap of their phones. Electronic payments are so convenient that they are really popular with folks. Even pancake sellers are found 13．（use）Alipay. The bikes themselves are not new, 14．the operating model of bike-sharing is innovative. Chinese companies have surprised the world with the business model of bike-sharing which 15． （include）high technologies, and are entering overseas markets such as Singapore and Britain. The launch of high-speed trains has a  16．（big）influence on people’s choice of traveling than expected. The newly launched Fuxing Hao can travel at an17． （amaze）speed of 300 km/h, making the 1, 318km joumey in five and three-quarter hours. China also takes the lead in online shopping with various e-commerce platforms. 18． the 11. 11 shopping day in 2018, sales hit 10 billion yuan in the first 2 minutes after midnight and 19．（reach）213. 5 billion by the end of the day.Thanks to the large amounts of capital（资金）China has invested in encouraging inmovation（创新）, China has entered 20． new innovative time.Passage 3（2018·山东·枣庄八中高三二模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Millions of people in cities across Asia are using phone apps to borrow bicycles for local travel. This kind of technology is made for people who want to leave 21． (car) and motorcycles at home, and avoid 22． (spend) money on a taxi service.As 23． (report) on TV, bicycle sharing has been rising in popular places like Beijing and Singapore. The two-year bike-sharing trend（趋势）has put over 16 million bikes in China alone, 24． has cut car use and demand for gas. “I often use bike-sharing service because it’s very 25． (use),” said Wei Zhang, who uses a shared bike several times a week 26． (go) to work.“Bike-sharing 27． (be) crazy since late last year,” said Harry Liu, who works as an advisor for HIS Market. He added that more people are using public transport 28． the reason that they can finish their trip with a shared bike.Last month, 29． Chinese bike-sharing start-up company opened offices in Kuala Lumper, Bangkok and Washington D．C．The company, 30． (found) in April 2016, is called Mobike,. Another Chinese company, ofo, provides a similar service.Passage 4（2020·浙江·高三一模）语法填空About thirty years ago,  China 31．（know） as the "Bicycle Kingdom". 32．（late） on,   bikes were replaced by fuel powered transports. But recent months have seen a 33．（recover） of the bike across China,  with 34． increasing number of people fond of riding bikes instead of 35．（drive） to schools,   to workplaces or to do sightseeing.  They're popular among many Chinese people as they provide a 36．（use） solution to the "last mile" problem,  which is the final leg of a person's journey. However,   the plans have also caused problems such 37． illegal（非法的） parking,   vandalism（故意毁坏） and theft.  Last month,   two nurses in Beijing were placed under punishment for putting 38．（lock） on two shared bikes.  And in December a man 39． stole a shared bike was sentenced to a 3-month detention（拘留）,   and fined 1, 000 yuan by the Shanghai People's Court. Now,   Chinese service operators 40．（try） to solve the problems. Passage 5（2020·全国·高三模拟）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Recent months have seen a return of bikes across China, with an increasing number of people 41．(choose) cycling instead of driving to schools, to workplaces or to go sightseeing. The introduction of bike-sharing programs has brought the trend to a new level.The bikes 42． (equip) with GPS and can be left anywhere in public for the next user. They’re popular among many Chinese people as they provide 43． effective solution in places 44． it’s difficult to change from one kind of transport to another. Bike-sharing is a 45． (green) method of transportation and 46．(provide) a more friendly experience.However, the programs have also led to problems such as 47． (legal) parking, deliberate damaging and theft. To deal with these problems, the company came up with the idea of encouraging people 48．(return) the bikes to stations 49． rewarding free time for their next rides. Now, Chinese service operators are also trying to address the problem, too. For example, Mobike sets a 100-point credit score for each user, with points taken in case of bad 50． (behave). Once a score drops below 80, bike rental is increased to 100 yuan per 30 minutes, up from 0.5—1 yuan.Passage 6（2020·辽宁·东北育才学校高三二模）    Bike sharing is growing in popularity as a means of public transportation. It seems like a perfect solution51．China’s heavy traffic. 52．some local authorities(权威人士)say the bikes have become a nuisance and one Shanghai district has confiscated(没收)almost 5,000 bikes. The unregulated parking has caused continuous problems and 53．(complain). Traffic police had confiscated the bikes because they had been 54．(legal)parked.Shanghai is the world’s largest bikeshare city with 280,000 shared bikes citywide. That number is expected55．(jump)to 500,000 by this June, according to Guo Jianrong, Secretary General of Shanghai Bicycle Association.Until the turn of the century, bikes were the main form of transport in Chinese cities. But in recent years, as Chinese have grown56．(rich)than before, bicycles57．(replace)by private cars, motorbikes and other public transport.Bike sharing is hardly new, but what makes58． unique in China is that its usually station free---which means that users can leave the bikes anywhere they want. It’s also cheap. Shanghai is not the only city 59．bike sharing has had teething(萌芽的)problems. More than 500 bikes60． (rent)out by bike sharing firms were piled up in the southern city of Shenzhen in January.  
参考答案 1．inventions2．which3．fastest4．has improved5．it6．to buy7．simply8．scanning9．a10．in【分析】本文是说明文，讲述了中国 “四大新发明” 改善了人们的生活，也在改变着世界。1．考查名词。句意：中国以“四大新发明”——高铁、电子支付、共享自行车和网上购物——再次展示了它改变世界的能力。空前有形容词new，应修饰名词；invent是动词，名词为 invention；根据数词four可知应为名词复数形式。故填inventions。2．考查定语从句。句意：中国新一代高铁——“复兴号”动车组列车，时速可达350公里，是目前世界上最快的列车之一。分析句子结构，“____ can travel at a speed of 350 km/h”是非限制性定语从句, 修饰先行词the Fuxing Hao，指物，在从句中做主语，用which引导非限制性定语从句。故填which。3．考查形容词。句意：中国新一代高铁——“复兴号”动车组列车，时速可达350公里，是目前世界上最快的列车之一。根据句意，应为“最快的列车之一”，用fast的最高级形式，故填fastest。4．考查时态。句意：在过去的十年里，中国还通过许多其他创新的方式改善了人们的生活。时间状语over the last ten years常与现在完成时连用，表示对现在的影响和结果，意为“已经改善了”；主语是China,谓语动词用单数，故填has improved。5．考查代词。句意：但中国已经使它在国内和海外更方便、更受欢迎。所填词指代上一句的bike sharing，故填it。6．考查非谓语动词。句意：当你骑共用自行车时，你可以停下来买、吃任何你想吃的东西，短语stop to do …“停下来做….”，故填to buy。7．考查副词。句意：当你骑一辆共用自行车时，你可以停下来买、吃任何你想吃的东西，只需轻轻点击你的手机。修饰介词短语with a tap on your phone应该用副词。故填simply。8．考查非谓语动词。句意：通过扫描卖家的二维码，你就可以轻松地使用智能手机支付。介词by意为“凭借/通过…途径/方式” ，后接动名词作宾语；scan的动名词形式要双写n，故填scanning。9．考查冠词。句意：无现金支付已经成为中国人的一种选择。根据句意，此处为不定冠词a 表示数量，意为“一个，一种”；choice的发音是以辅音音素开头，因此用不定冠词a。故填a。10．考查固定短语。句意：这四种创新的生活方式对参与“一带一路”建设的20个国家的青年人最具吸引力。短语take part in “参加”，故填in。 11．to change12．whatever/what13．using14．but15．includes16．bigger17．amazing18．On19．had reached20．a【分析】这是一篇说明文。中国在古代曾经以四大发明而自豪，本文讲述今天中国正在以"新的四大发明"领先世界。新的四大发明是：高速铁路、电子支付、共享自行车和网上购物。11．考查非谓语动词。句意：中国，在古代以四大发明而自豪，今天它再次以它"新的四大发明"展示了改变世界的能力。短语ability to do sth．表示"做……的能力"，故填to change。12．考查引导词。句意：有了电子支付，人们只需轻敲一下手机就能买到和吃到（无论什么）东西。通过分析可知这里是一个宾语从句，且从句中缺少宾语，结合语境可知此处表达"人们可以买他们想要的东西"，因此填what，意为"……东西"。或表示强调“无论什么东西”，填whatever。故填what/whatever。13．考查非谓语动词。句意：甚至卖煎饼的人也在使用支付宝。短语be found doing sth.“被发现在做某事”，故填using。14．考查连词。句意：自行车本身并不新鲜，但共享单车的运营模式是创新的。根据语境可知上下文为转折关系，故填but。15．考查主谓一致。句意：中国企业共享单车的商业模式令世界惊讶，其中包括高科技，它们正进军新加坡和英国等海外市场。本句为定语从句修饰先行词the business model of bike-sharing，且在从句中做主语，故谓语动词应用单数形式。故填includes。16．考查形容词比较级。句意：高铁的推出对人们出行选择的影响比预期的要大。根据下文than expected可知应用形容词比较级，故填bigger。17．考查形容词。句意：新推出的“复兴号”可以以惊人的速度行驶300公里/小时，结果1318公里的飞行在5小时45分内就能完成。本句中修饰名词speed，修饰物应用-ing结尾形容词，故填amazing。18．考查介词。句意：2018年双十一购物日，午夜过后的头2分钟，销售额就达到了100亿元人民币，截止当日收盘，销售额已达2135亿元。在具体的某一天应用介词on。置句首单词首字母大写，故填On。19．考查动词时态。句意同上。根据下文by the end of the day“截止一天结束时”可知应用过去完成时。故填had reached。20．考查冠词。句意：中国进入了一个新的创新时代。time做“时代”讲为可数名词，此处表示泛指“一个时代”故填不定冠词a。【点睛】名词性从句关键在于三点：一、找准从句在主句中充当的成分即分出是名词性从句的主语句、宾语从句、表语从句还是同位语从句。二、连接词从句中充当的成分（主、宾、定或状语或不做任何成分）三、弄清楚每个连接词的意义。此外还要注意，近年来高考对于名词性从句的考查多从名词性从句的语序和连接词的用法区别上考查。如第二小题，通过分析可知这里是一个宾语从句，且从句中缺少宾语，结合语境可知此处表达"人们可以买他们想要的东西"，因此填what，意为"……东西"。或表示强调“无论什么东西”，填whatever。故填what/whatever。 21．cars22．spending23．is reported    24．which25．useful26．to go27．has been28．for29．a30．founded【分析】试题分析：这是一篇议论文。主要介绍共享单车非常受人们的欢迎。21．考查名词。由上文提到people和下文的motorcycles可推断，此处用car的复数。故填cars。22．考查非谓语动词。avoid doing sth.“避免做某事”是常用搭配。故填spending。23．考查动词。As引导非限制性定语从句，as指代整个主句，与谓语report是被动关系，用被动语态，由上下文可知，句子用一般现在时。故填is reported。24．考查非限制性定语从句。“__4___ has cut car use and demand for gas.”是非限制性定语从句，指代整个主句，从句中作主语，引导非限制性定语从句用which。故填which。25．考查形容词。is 是系动词，接形容词作表语，use“使用”是动词，形容词形式是useful。故填useful。26．考查非谓语动词。“__6____ (go) to work”是目的状语，用不定式做目的状语。故填to go。27．考查动词的时态。由“since late last year”可推断，“自从去年底共享单车一直很疯狂”，用现在完成时，主语是第三人称单数。故has been。28．考查介词。for the reason“因为”固定短语。故填for。29．考查冠词。此处泛指一家中国自行车共享创业公司，故填a。30．考查非谓语动词。“_10____ (found) in April 2016”作定语，修饰company，found与company是被动关系，用过去分词作定语。故填founded。【点睛】非限制性定语从句的用法归纳：一、概念：非限制性定语从句对先行词仅起到附加修饰或者说明的作用，或者对整个主句或主句的部分内容作进一步的说明。如果去掉从句，主句不受影响。二、形式：非限制性定语从句与先行词以及主句之间的关系不甚紧密，因而通常要用逗号与主句分隔开。例如：Have you seen the film Titanic ,whose leading actor is world famous? 你看过“泰坦尼克号”这部电影吗？ 它的男主演可是世界闻名的。三、非限制定语从句引导词的特殊情况：1. 非限制性定语从句不可用that引导，在非限制定语从句中用who或者whom指人，用which指物，用whose作定语。例如：The film，whose director is an old man，is very instructive。这部电影很有教育意义，它的导演是位老人。2. 关系代词在非限制性定语从句作宾语时不可省略，若指人时，只用whom，不用who。例如：York，which I visited last year，is a nice old city.我去年访问的约克是个古老而美丽的城市。3. 非限制性定语从句不可用why引导，需用for which。例如：None of us accepted the reason he explained，for which he was absent.我们没有一个人接受他所解释的缺席的理由。 31．was known32．Later33．recovery34．an35．driving36．useful37．as38．locks39．who/that40．are trying【分析】这是一篇记叙文。短文讲了大约三十年前，中国被称为"自行车王国"，但两轮运输方式的普及开始褪色，许多自行车即将由燃料供应竞争对手取而代之。但近几个月来，中国的自行车开始复兴，本文以此展开，讲述了有关共享单车的问题。31．考查被动语态。句意：大约三十年前，中国被称为“自行车王国”。固定短语be known as：作为…而出名，根据上文" About thirty years ago "，可知用一般过去时。故填was known。32．考查副词。句意：后来，自行车被燃料驱动的交通工具所取代。固定短语later on“后来”是固定搭配，故填Later。33．考查名词。句意：但最近几个月，中国各地的自行车销量都出现了回升。根据前面的a可知后面是名词，故填recovery。34．考查冠词。句意：但最近几个月，自行车在中国各地开始复苏，越来越多的人喜欢骑自行车，而不是开车上学、上班或观光。短语an increasing number of“越来越多的……”，故填an。35．考查动名词。句意：但最近几个月，自行车在中国各地开始复苏，越来越多的人喜欢骑自行车，而不是开车上学、上班或观光。根据前面的instead of，可知of介词后面使用动名词形式作宾语，故填driving。36．考查形容词。句意：它们在许多中国人中很受欢迎，因为它们为“最后一英里”问题提供了一个有用的解决方案，“最后一英里”是一个人旅程的最后一段。根据后面的solution为名词需要形容词修饰，故填useful。37．考查固定短语。句意：然而，这些计划也带来了诸如非法停车、故意破坏和盗窃等问题。固定短语such as是固定搭配，表示“比如”。故填as。38．考查名词的数。句意：上个月，北京的两名护士因给两辆共享单车上锁而受到惩罚。lock为可数名词，根据下文可知是在两个自行车上放锁，肯定不是一个锁，故填复数locks。39．考查定语从句连接词。句意：去年12月，一名男子偷了一辆共享单车，被上海人民法院判处3个月拘留，罚款1000元。本句为定语从句修饰先行词man，先行词在定语从句中做主语，指人，故填who/that。40．考查动词时态语态。句意：目前，中国的服务运营商正试图解决这些问题。根据上文Now可知应用现在进行时，故填are trying。【点睛】定语从句的关系词的选择可考虑以下三点：(1)一看先行词的意义，即分清先行词是指人、指物、时间、地点还是原因(如指物时不能用who或whom，指人时通常不用which等)(2)二看关系词的句法功能，即分清关系词是担任什么句子成分，是作主语还是宾语、是作定语还是状语等(如作定语通常用whose，有时也用which；作状语要用when, where, why)(3)三看定语从句的种类，即分清是限制性定语从句还是非限制性定语从句(如that和why通常不引导非限制性定语从句)如第九小题，本句为定语从句修饰先行词man，先行词在定语从句中做主语，指人，故填who/that。 41．choosing42．are equipped43．an44．where45．greener46．provides47．illegal48．to return49．by50．behavio(u)r【分析】这是一篇说明文。共享单车的出现受到大众的欢迎，但是随着共享单车的迅速普及，也出现了很多问题。为了解决这些问题，经营共享单车的公司也提出了一些解决办法。41．考查非谓语动词。句意：越来越多的人选择自行车而不是开车去工作或观光旅游。此处是with的复合结构，即with+宾语+宾语补足语，动词choose与people之间是主谓关系，所以使用现在分词作宾语补足语。故填choosing。42．考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：自行车配备了全球定位系统，可以被放在公共场所的任何地方供下一个用户使用。动词equip与主语The bikes是被动关系，应使用被动语态，且此处是描述一个事实，应使用一般现在时，主语是复数，故填are equipped。43．考查冠词。句意：它们在很多中国人中很受欢迎，因为它们在换乘难的地方提供了一个有效的解决方案。solution是可数名词，此处是泛指“一种解决方案”，且effective发音是以元音因素开头，故填an。44．考查定语从句。分析句子可知，空处引导一个定语从句，先行词是places，关系词在从句中作地点状语，所以用where引导。故填where。45．考查形容词比较级。句意：共享单车是一种更绿色的交通方式，并且提供了一个更友好的体验。根据“more friendly”可知，此处指“更绿色的”交通方式，应使用形容词比较级。故填greener。46．考查时态和主谓一致。分析句子可知，and连接两个并列谓语，根据前一个分句中的“is”可知，此处应使用一般现在时，主语Bike-sharing是单数，所以谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式，故填provides。47．考查形容词。句意：然而，这些方案也导致了一些问题，比如非法停车、蓄意破坏和盗窃。根据“problems”可知，此处指“非法的”停车，故填illegal。48．考查非谓语动词。句意：为了解决这些问题，单车公司提出了通过奖励免费的下次骑行次数来鼓励人们把单车归还到停车点的办法。encourage sb. to do sth.，意为“鼓励某人做某事”，故填to return。49．考查介词。此处指“通过”奖励免费骑行次数，应使用介词by，故填by。50．考查名词。句意：摩拜为每个用户设置100分的信用分，如果有不良行为就扣分。根据空前的形容词bad可知，此处应填一个名词，故填behavio(u)r。 51．to52．But53．complaints54．illegally55．to jump56．richer57．have been replaced58．it  59．where60．rented【分析】试题分析：文章讲述了中国的自行车共享计划。作为人口大国的中国，这可能是解决交通堵塞的好办法，但是也产生了许多问题。51．考查介词。句意：似乎它是解决中国交通堵塞的完美办法。solution to…“……的解决办法”是固定搭配。故填to。52．考查连词。上文讲述“共享单单车是解决交通堵塞的好办法”，而下文讲述“当地权威人士说自行车成了烦恼的来源”，上下文是转折关系，置句首单词首字母大写。故填But。53．考查名词。句意：不受监管的停车导致持续的麻烦和投诉。and连词宾语problems和complaint，作宾语用名词形式，且complaint“投诉”是可数名词。根据语境，故填complaints。54．考查副词。illegally作状语修饰动词parked，作状语用副词形式。故填illegally。55．考查动词。句意：那个数字被认为到今年六月会跳到50万。be expected to do sth.“被期待做某事”，接不定式作宾语补足语。故填to jump。56．考查形容词。句意：但是在最近几年，随着中国人比以前更富有，自行车被私家车，摩托车和其它交通工具代替。由than推断，此处表示比较。故填richer。57．考查动词的时态和语态。句意：但是在最近几年，随着中国人比以前更富有，自行车被私家车，摩托车和其它交通工具代替。replace是动词，与主语bicycles是被动关系，根据时间状语“as Chinese have grown___56___(rich)than before”可知，“replace”这一动作表示现在的结果和影响，用现在完成时，主语是复数。故填have been replaced。58．考查代词。句意：自行车共享不是新的，但是在使得它独特的是它通常是免费的。it指代上文提到的“Bike sharing”，故填it。59．考查定语从句，“___59___bike sharing has had teething(萌芽的)problems”作定语修饰the only city，从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where引导定语从句。故填where。60．考查动词。句意：一月份被自行车共享公司租出去的500多辆自行车堆积在深圳南部的城市里。“___60___ (rent)out by bike sharing firms”作定语修饰bikes，bikes与rent是被动关系，用过去分词作定语表示被动关系。故填rented。