押北京卷 01-10题 完形填空 -备战2022年高考英语临考题号押题（北京卷）

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押北京卷第01—10题
完形填空

完形填空题的特点是篇幅小，题量大，分值高，词数在200左右。完形填空在选材方面往往具有极强的时代意义和真切的现实意义。完形填空考查考生对语法、词汇、习语、句型、搭配等基础知识的综合运用能力和短文的阅读理解能力，灵活运用语言知识的能力并且根据试题内容进行正确的逻辑推理、综合判断和分析概括的能力。
文章命题特点：
1.从近几年北京卷完形填空来看，已经不再考核语法方面的知识了，而是从语义搭配，结构搭配，惯用搭配及逻辑知识等方面来测试学生词汇的掌握及运用。
2.短文长度200词左右，生词少，难度适中。
3.首句无空格，5―10词设一空。人名、地名、日期、数字不在之列。隔词数越少，题目越难；反之亦然。
4.选项多为一词，偶尔为词组。四个选项为同一类词或属同一范畴，或近义或形异义，或与前后配成词组。故干扰性，迷惑性大。
5.考查单词以实词为主，虚词为辅。实词一般占80%―90%，其中又以动词、名词和形容词为主。

一、整体浏览抓住主题
  在做完形填空题前，首先要整体浏览，对全文快速阅读一遍，了解文章的大意，掌握文章的主题，并留心文中的关键词，了解这篇短文说什么，发生的时间、地点、文章的目的、作者的观点与态度等，这对于做好完形填空题能起到事半功倍的效果。因此，了解文章的主题和大意就显得十分重要。人们常说‘看书先看皮，看报先看题’，这是因为书的封面和报纸的标题都能传达一本书和一篇文章的主题。但是完形填空题所选短文一般都是没有标题的，那么要掌握文章的主题怎么办。要找到文章的主题，首先要找到文章的主题句，因为主题句就能反映文章的主题。文章总是围绕一定的主题展开的，而每一个段落则是说明主题的一个方面，概括了一个段落的中心思想的句子就是主题句。主题句常常出现在段首与段尾，在段首就是一段文章开头的一两句，在段尾就是文章的最后一句；因此浏览短文时，首先要细读段首与段尾；比较起来，主题句位于段首的比例更高一些，所以，首段的第一句或最后一句往往是主题句，它就是引领整篇文章的主旨，是文章的灵魂，因此要抓住不放。作者要支持自己的观点，那么第二段就是作者围绕主题展开的正文。
 二、再读全篇试填答案
许多考生都有这样的经历，做完形填空题时，一看到题目就做，结果自己感到很有把握的答案错了，问题就是对短文的内容和结构没有完整、清晰的了解和把握。因此读第二遍就显得很有必要，这样就可以使考生对短文有更好的把握。在读第二遍时，对于一眼就能看出的答案，不必纠缠，马上就填入，对于那些看看有点像，但没有把握的答案，可以开始试填，待看完第二遍时，再来看看试填的答案，如发现先前填得不对，这时应该及时更正，这时你就会比较有把握，也比较有信心了。
  三、瞻前顾后寻找关联
  我们在‘再读全篇，试填答案’一节中所谈的已涉及到＂瞻前顾后寻找关联＂的某些含义，但侧重＂试填＂；而我们将在这里侧重谈＂瞻前顾后寻找关联＂。完形填空题的特点基于整个语篇的理解，不从单句入手，有时如果从某一个单句来理解，四个选项都可以填入，但从整个语篇来看，答案只有一个。一般来讲，一个学生如果具有较高语言水平，较好的文化背景知识，史地及其他知识比较丰富的话，做该题型的困难就会比较少；可容忍被挖掉的词就会多一些，反之亦然。但对于相同知识水平的学生来讲，讲究方法就尤其重要了。在做题目的时候，首先要对空格前后句子，然后对该空格相应的选项进行全面分析。通过＂瞻前顾后，寻找关联＂来确定空格中的词的词性、意思、和功能。如果是功能性的空格，则要求学生填入虚词即连词、介词、冠词等，那么就应根据功能来选答案。如果是语法问题，那么就要考虑时态和语态是否符合上下文、主谓是否一致；如果是语义空格，那么则要求考生填入实词即动词、名词、形容词、副词、代词等，那么就要通过上下文进行分析，根据文章的语义环境，做到＂瞻前顾后，寻找关联＂，然后作出合理的判断。
四、完形完义立足全局
     做完形填空有两个程序：一是完形（选择选项，然后填补空白）；二是完义（阅读短文，然后理解短文）。但是完形必须在完义的基础上进行，也就是说首先要在阅读理解短文的基础上做好完形。完形必须服从完义，单句必须服从段落，段落必须服从全文，局部必须服从全局。因此，我们在做完形填空题时，不能读一句做一句，更不能看到就填，这样往往要出差错。先从整体到局部完义，再从局部到整体完形，完形完义，立足全局。
五、复读全文验证答案
     我们做完形填空题的最后一道工序就是＂复读全文验证答案＂。题目做完以后，我们要把＂完形＂后的全文再读一遍，看看是否＂完义＂，检查自己对全文的理解是否准确，情节发展是否合理，全文前后上下是否符合逻辑，验证自己完形的答案是否能使全文贯通流畅，如果读起来流畅而通顺，说明既完形又完义；反之，则说明我们对文章还没有完全理解，也就是说虽然＂完形＂了，但还没有＂完义＂，必须重新推敲已填答案。此外，还要从语法上看句子是否主谓一致，特别要注意非谓语动词是否与主语一致，时态是否前后呼应，检查动宾搭配，动词、形容词、名词与介词的搭配是否合理，如果发现问题，则要根据文章的主题思想、本句、本段和全文的上下文与逻辑关系，重新选择选项；如果个别选项实在没有把握，那就根据感觉猜一个，但决不能放弃。总之，我们要从完形和完义、语法和语义等方面进行推敲，修正错误，弥补疏漏，从而使自己的答案尽可能地接近或达到完美。

（2021·北京·高考真题）Recently，I took a trip home by train．I got a seat opposite a middle-aged man with sharp eyes，who kept____1____a young woman in a window seat with a little boy on her lap．The woman's eye fell on the man's face，and she immediately looked down and____2____her scarf．
As the night wore on，people began to close their eyes，but the seats were so uncomfortable that only a very heavy sleeper could manage to get any____3____．The woman looked over at the man．He was still staring at her．She looked back at him with fire in her eyes．I was beginning to get____4____，too．
The train moved on．The little boy was ____5____ awake on his mother's lap，but the woman dropped off to sleep．A moment later，he began to____6____the half-open window—one leg went over it．The man jumped up and ____7____the child just before he fell out．
The____8____ woke up the woman．She seemed to be in____9____，and then reality dawned （显现）．“Your child has been looking for an opportunity to climb out of the window，”the man said as he gave the child back to her. ．“So I have been watching the whole time．”The woman was _____10_____，and so was I．
1．A．guiding B．bothering C．watching D．monitoring
2．A．adjusted B．changed C．packed D．waved
3．A．air B．joy C．space D．rest
4．A．nervous B．embarrassed C．angry D．disappointed
5．A．almost B．still C．hardly D．even
6．A．drag B．climb C．knock D．push
7．A．grabbed B．rocked C．touched D．picked
8．A．alarm B．quarrel C．risk D．noise
9．A．sorrow B．relief C．panic D．pain
10．A．astonished B．confused C．concerned D．inspired
【答案】1．C
2．A
3．D
4．C
5．B
6．B
7．A
8．D
9．C
10．A
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇记叙文。讲述了火车上一位男子救下了爬上窗户的顽皮孩子的善举，最初孩子的母亲因为男子总是盯着他们，对男子的第一印象不好，而最后得知原因十分惊讶。故事告诉我们很多事情不能只看表面。
1．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我坐在一位中年男子对面的座位上，他目光敏锐，一直在注视着一位坐在靠窗座位上的年轻女子，她的腿上坐着一个小男孩。A. guiding 带领；B. bothering 打扰；C. watching 看着； D. monitoring监控。根据上文“with sharp eyes”（有着敏锐的目光）以及下文第二段“He was still staring at her．”（他仍然盯着她看。）可知，中年男子一直在看着女子，故选C。
2．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：女人的目光落在了男人的脸上，她立刻低下头，整理了一下围巾。A. adjusted 调整；B. changed改变； C. packed 包装 ；D. waved 挥动，根据空格处and 前的动词低下头和空格后的围巾，可知女人因为感到尴尬而低头故意整理围巾，故选A。
3．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：夜渐渐深了，人们开始闭上眼睛，但座位太不舒服了，只有睡得很沉的人才能设法休息。A. air 空气；B. joy 娱乐；C. space 空间；D. rest 休息。根据空格前点明时间是夜晚了和后面睡得很沉的人，可知是为了获得一些休息。故选D。
4．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我也开始生气了。 A. nervous 紧张的；B. embarrassed 尴尬的；C. angry生气的；D. disappointed 失望的。根据with fire in her eyes以及空格后too，可知“我”和女人的情绪是一样愤怒生气的，故选C。
5．
考查副词词义辨析。句意：小男孩躺在妈妈的腿上还醒着，但是妈妈已经睡着了。A. almost 几乎；B. still 仍然；C. hardly几乎不；D. even甚至。根据but the woman dropped off to sleep，可知母亲已经睡着，男孩是醒着的，推断出来是仍然醒着的。故选B。
6．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：过了一会儿，他开始爬上半开着的窗户——一条腿跨过了窗户。A. drag拖拉；B. climb 爬上；C. knock敲打；D. push推动。根据空格后one leg went over it，可知小孩是在爬窗户，脚才迈了出去，故选B。
7．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：就在孩子掉下去之前，那人跳起来抓住了他。A. grabbed 抓着；B. rocked 摇晃；C. touched 接触；D. picked挑选。根据before he fell out可知，男人跳起来是为了阻止孩子掉下去，所以要抓住他，故选A。
8．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：噪音把那个女人吵醒了。A. alarm 闹钟；B. quarrel吵架；C. risk 风险；D. noise噪音。根据上文The man jumped up and grabbed the child just before he fell out可知，男人和孩子一定是弄出了很大的动静和声音，故选D。
9．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：她似乎在恐慌，然后明白过来。A. sorrow悲伤；B. relief减轻；C. panic恐慌；       D. pain痛苦。根据上文可知，女人一醒来看到男人抓着自己的孩子，女人对男人的印象不好，因此作为母亲一定是很恐慌的，故选C。
10．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：女人很惊讶，我也很惊讶。A. astonished惊讶；B. confused 困惑的；C. concerned 关心的；D. inspired受到鼓舞的。根据空格前的对话“Your child has been looking for an opportunity to climb out of the window，”the man said as he gave the child back to her..“So I have been watching the whole time.”(“你的孩子一直在找机会爬出窗户，”男人说着把孩子还给了她。“所以我一直在看。”),可知女人对男人的印象不好，但是男人却救了他们的孩子，所以最后女人是感到意外和惊讶的，故选A。

（2022·北京西城·一模）A mystery man, known as Benny, has been spreading happiness — one $100 bill at a time for more than three years in and around Salem, Oregon.
He randomly ___11___ the bills in shops to be found, surprising and delighting unsuspecting shoppers. When it appeared that others might be trying to copy him, he started ___12___ his bills.
It is estimated that he has hidden more than $50,000 worth of $100 bills, and that’s only what has been reported. Some people have been keeping track of ___13___ the bills are found, and notice that he has left them in stores, markets and fairs. Those who find one all have a similar tale about being ___14___ when a $100 bill, with the mark of “Benny”, falls out of the packaging of something.
It is ___15___ how these bills always seem to end up in the right hands. They have helped people pay their electric bill, make their rent, and even provide the homeless with ___16___ for a couple of nights. But the real magic of Benny is that more than half of the ___17___ report paying it forward to their favorite non-profit or a stranger in need. Some of the most heartwarming stories involve children. ___18___ shopping for toys’ they decide to buy school supplies for their classmates or groceries for the local food bank.
The bills are so ___19___ by some of the people who find them that they post them on their refrigerators or carry them in their purses. It’s a _____20_____ they say, to give and be like Benny.
11．A．covers B．buries C．hides D．stores
12．A．returning B．checking C．changing D．signing
13．A．when B．where C．how D．why
14．A．amazed B．impressed C．inspired D．amused
15．A．acceptable B．understandable C．memorable D．remarkable
16．A．food B．clothing C．shelter D．transport
17．A．finders B．sellers C．losers D．beggars
18．A．Thanks to B．Instead of C．But for D．Apart from
19．A．protected B．recommended C．treasured D．expected
20．A．chance B．challenge C．record D．reminder
【答案】11．C
12．D
13．B
14．A
15．D
16．C
17．A
18．B
19．C
20．D
【解析】
【导语】
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了神秘慈善家在城里到处藏百元大钞，帮助有需要帮助的人，并且爱心得到了传递。
11．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他随机地把钱藏在商店里，让不知情的顾客发现，既惊喜又开心。 A. covers覆盖；B. buries埋葬；C. hides隐藏；D. stores储存。根据“It is estimated that he has hidden more than $50,000 worth of $100 bills, and that’s only what has been reported.”可知，神秘男子随机地把钱藏在商店里。故选C。
12．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当发现其他人可能试图模仿他时，他开始在钞票上签字。A. returning返回；B. checking核对；C. changing改变；D. signing签。根据“When it appeared that others might be trying to copy him,”可知，神秘男子在隐藏的钞票上签上字以防别人模仿他。故选D。
13．
考查名词性从句。句意：有些人一直在跟踪这些钞票是在哪里发现的，并注意到他把它们留在了商店、市场和集市上。介词of后接宾语从句，从句中缺少地点状语，所以用连接副词where引导。故选B。
14．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：那些找到钞票的人都有一个类似的故事，当一张印有“本尼”标志的100美元钞票从某个东西的包装上掉下来时，他们感到惊讶。A. amazed惊讶的；B. impressed印象深刻的；C. inspired受鼓舞的；D. amused愉快的。根据“when a $100 bill, with the mark of “Benny”, falls out of the packaging of something.”可知，不知情的顾客发现100美元掉下来会感到惊讶。故选A。
15．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：值得注意的是，这些钞票似乎总是落到正确的人手中。A. acceptable可接受的；B. understandable可理解的；C. memorable难忘的；D. remarkable非凡的；值得注意的。根据“how these bills always seem to end up in the right hands.”可知，钞票总是落到正确的人手中是让人值得注意的。故选D。
16．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：它们帮助人们支付电费、交房租，甚至为无家可归的人提供几个晚上的栖身之所。A. food食物；B. clothing衣服；C. shelter庇护所；D. transport运输。根据“and even provide the homeless”可知，这些钱为无家可归提供几个晚上的栖身之所。故选C。
17．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：但本尼的真正魔力在于，超过一半的发现者报告将钱转发给了他们最喜欢的非营利组织或需要帮助的陌生人。A. finders发现者；B. sellers卖方；C. losers失败者；D. beggars乞丐。根据“paying it forward to their favorite non-profit or a stranger in need.”可知，有一半的发现者将发现的钞票转给非营利组织和有需要的陌生人。故选A。
18．
考查介词短语辨析。句意：他们决定为同学们购买学习用品，或者为当地的食品银行购买食品杂货，而不是购买玩具。 A. Thanks to多亏；B. Instead of而不是；C. But for要不是；D. Apart from除……以外。根据“they decide to buy school supplies for their classmates or groceries for the local food bank.”可知，一些孩子发现钞票之后，而不是去买玩具。故选B。
19．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：有些人发现这些钞票后非常珍视，他们把它们贴在冰箱上或放在钱包里随身携带。A. protected保护；B. recommended推荐；C. treasured珍藏；珍视； D. expected期盼。根据“by some of the people who find them that they post them on their refrigerators or carry them in their purses.”可知，有些人发现这些钞票后非常珍视，将它们收藏。故选C。
20．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们说这是一个提醒，去付出，像本尼一样。A. chance机会；B. challenge挑战；C. record记录；D. reminder提醒。根据“to give and be like Benny.”可知，有些人收藏这些钞票是为了作一个提醒，像本尼一样去帮助别人。故选D。
（2022·北京门头沟·一模）A few weeks ago, I received a package containing seeds from my friend. When I asked her what they would ___21___ into, a smile crossed her face. “Just plant them and be patient. You’ll see for yourself ___22___!” she said.
I sowed the seeds in a flowerpot. In the first few days, I was very excited to search for the slightest signs, but ___23___ happened. With heavy loads of homework, I began to feel sad and ___24___. How much I longed for the color in my fast-paced life.
I watered the plants in dry periods. On the eighth day, to my great ___25___, a few light green sprouts (新芽) appeared. Bending down and studying the plants, I could almost hear them growing. More days passed, and the flowerpot soon became ___26___ with coriander (香菜) plants. Now they are taller than the edge of the pot, constantly shaking their leaves in the gentle wind, as if they were merrily singing a song of ___27___.
I am certain that after a few more days, my plants will be ready for___28___. These plants have played an important part in ___29___ up my everyday life. They may not be a main dish on our table, but using some will surely make our dishes delicious.
Let us all slow our pace down and be patient. So long as we take steps to set our hearts free, time and patience will ____30____ us with the pure pleasure of being alive in this lovely world.
21．A．grow B．run C．look D．break
22．A．immediately B．finally C．quickly D．regularly
23．A．anything B．everything C．something D．nothing
24．A．shocked B．disappointed C．embarrassed D．scared
25．A．surprise B．pity C．shame D．anxiety
26．A．packed B．lined C．crowded D．piled
27．A．courage B．freedom C．interest D．relief
28．A．harvest B．loss C．sights D．rest
29．A．picking B．ending C．brightening D．taking
30．A．impress B．assist C．surround D．reward
【答案】21．A
22．B
23．D
24．B
25．A
26．C
27．B
28．A
29．C
30．D
【解析】
【导语】
本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲的是作者将香菜种子种在花盆里，后来种子发芽，长成了香菜，点亮了作者的生活，这让作者意识到只要我们采取措施让我们的心灵自由，时间和耐心会给我们带来快乐。
21．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我问她它们长大后会变成什么样子时，她脸上掠过一丝笑容。A. grow生长；B. run跑；C. look看；D. break打破。由后文的“Just plant them and be patient. You’ll see for yourself”可知，作者朋友叫作者把种子种下去耐心等待，说明作者问的是种子长大后会变成什么，故选A。
22．
考查副词词义辨析。句意：你最终会亲眼看到的！A. immediately立刻；B. finally最后；C. quickly快速地；D. regularly有规律地。but表转折，由上文的“I asked her what they would ___1___ into”可知，作者想知道种子长大会变成什么，那应该要到最后才能看到，故选B。
23．
考查代词词义辨析。句意：在最初的几天里，我非常兴奋地寻找最轻微的迹象，但什么也没有发生。A. anything任何东西；B. everything所有东西；C. something某些东西；D. nothing没有任何东西。由上文的“I was very excited to search for the slightest signs”和but表转折可知，作者找种子发芽的迹象，但是却什么也没有发现，空格处是“没有任何东西”，故选D。
24．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：沉重的家庭作业，我开始感到悲伤和失望。A. shocked震惊的；B. disappointed失望的；C. embarrassed尴尬的；D. scared害怕的。由“With heavy loads of homework, I began to feel sad”和后面的“How much I longed for the color in my fast-paced life”可知，家庭作业太多，种子没有发芽，而作者又需要色彩，作者觉得伤心和失望，故选B。
25．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：第八天，让我大吃一惊的是，出现了几颗嫩绿的芽。A. surprise惊讶；B. pity同情；C. shame羞耻；D. anxiety焦虑。由后文的“a few light green sprouts (新芽) appeared”可知，种子发芽了，作者应该觉得惊讶，to one’s surprise意为“让某人惊讶的是”，故选A。
26．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：几天过去了，花盆里很快摆满了香菜。A. packed打包；B. lined沿……形成行（或列、排）；C. crowded聚集；D. piled堆放。由第二段的“I sowed the seeds in a flowerpot”和后文的“with coriander (香菜) plants”可知，作者先前把种子种在花盆里，现在花盆里应该挤满了香菜，be crowded with意为“挤满”，故选C。
27．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：现在它们比盆边还高了，它们的叶子在和风里不停地晃动着，好像在欢快地唱着一首自由的歌。A. courage勇气；B. freedom自由；C. interest兴趣；D. relief缓解。由上文的“constantly shaking their leaves in the gentle wind”可知，叶子在和风里不停地晃动着，给人感觉它们很自由，因此句子表示“好像在欢快地唱着一首自由的歌”，故选B。
28．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我相信再过几天，我的植物就可以收获了。A. harvest收获；B. loss损失；C. sights视野；D. rest休息。由上文的“after a few more days”可知，再过几天香菜应该是可以收获了，故选A。
29．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些植物在点亮我的日常生活中起着重要的作用。A. picking挑选；B. ending结束；C. brightening照亮；D. taking拿走。由后文的“using some will surely make our dishes delicious”可知，香菜使菜肴更美味，因此是点亮了作者的生活，故选C。
30．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：只要我们采取措施让我们的心灵自由，时间和耐心会回报我们生活在这个可爱的世界的纯粹的快乐。A. impress使留下深刻印象；B. assist帮助；C. surround围绕；D. reward奖励。由上文的“So long as we take steps to set our hearts free, time and patience”和“with the pure pleasure of being alive in this lovely world”可知，句子表示“只要我们采取措施让我们的心灵自由，时间和耐心会回报我们生活在这个可爱的世界的纯粹的快乐”，因此空格处是“回报”，故选D。
（2022·北京朝阳·一模）Jeff Jensen was suffering from painful nerve damage in his leg and foot. He needed surgery, but he doubted if he could _____31_____it, even with insurance. “There’s nothing more _____32_____than seeing a bill for 18, 20, 24,000 dollars and going,” said Jensen.
Luckily for Jensen, his doctor is Demetrio Aguila. The nerve specialist gives patients at his Healing Hands of Nebraska in Papillion the___33___to pay for surgery through community service instead of money. He calls it M25 Program. At the heart of his vision was the simple___34___ of people helping people.
Using an algorithm (算法) , the clinic calculates community service hours based on the price of the surgery. In Jensen’s case, the $12,000 operation equaled 560 hours of____35____at one of the local charitable organizations registered with the M25 Program. Jensen opted for the community service. Since hundreds of hours of community service would be___36___, Aguila encouraged others to help, and he___37___involved himself in it. “I had this hope that we would rekindle (重新激起) the enthusiasm for ________38________in our neighbors and in ourselves,” he told CNN.
Jensen, whose surgery was completed in February 2020, was helped by more than 100 friends and strangers who freely offered to help at Orphan Grain Train, which donates food, clothing, and medicine nationally and globally.
“We can’t___39___the people in our own backyard,” said Aguila. “And we want to help more people like Jensen who have lost hope medically. If people come together to help other people, then our community is _______40_______.”
31．A．buy B．afford C．book D．accept
32．A．depressing B．shameful C．confusing D．dangerous
33．A．schedule B．investment C．instruction D．option
34．A．judgment B．curiosity C．beauty D．interest
35．A．helping out B．moving about C．hanging around D．working out
36．A．exciting B．boring C．tough D．enjoyable
37．A．even B．almost C．still D．rather
38．A．training B．understanding C．learning D．volunteering
39．A．trouble B．cheat C．ignore D．hurt
40．A．served B．lifted C．tested D．awarded
【答案】31．B
32．A
33．D
34．C
35．A
36．C
37．A
38．D
39．C
40．B
【解析】
【导语】
这是一篇新闻报道。文章讲述了，无法负担自己手术费的杰夫·詹森（Jeff Jensen）得到了来自M25项目的帮助。M25项目是由神经专家德米特里奥·阿吉拉（Demetrio Aguila）创建的，他的病人可以选择通过社区服务而不是金钱来支付手术费用，他希望通过帮助别人，改善社会。
31．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他需要做手术，但他怀疑自己是否负担得起，即使有保险。A. buy买；B. afford负担得起；C. book预定；D. accept接受。由上文的“He needed surgery, but he doubted if he could”和下文“杰夫·詹森接受了M25项目的帮助，通过社区服务而不是金钱来支付手术费用”的内容可知，杰夫·詹森应该是没有足够的钱，but表转折，说明杰夫·詹森需要做手术，但怀疑自己是否负担得起手术费。故选B项。
32．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：詹森说：“没有什么比看到一张18000美元、20000美元或24000美元的账单付账更令人沮丧的了。”A. depressing令人沮丧的；B. shameful可耻的；C. confusing令人困惑的；D. dangerous危险的。由上文语境可知，需要做手术的杰夫·詹森怀疑自己是否负担得起手术费，所以看到高昂的手术费账单很沮丧。故选A项。
33．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这位神经专家让内布拉斯加州帕皮利昂的病人可以选择通过社区服务而不是金钱来支付手术费用。A. schedule计划；B. investment投资；C. instruction指示；D. option选择。由下文的“to pay for surgery through community service instead of money”和“Jensen opted for the community service.”可知，怀疑自己是否负担得起手术费的杰夫·詹森选择了社区服务来支付手术费用，说明这位神经专家让病人可以选择通过社区服务而不是金钱来支付手术费用。故选D项。
34．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他的愿景的核心是帮助他人的简单之美。A. judgment判断；B. curiosity好奇；C. beauty美好的东西；D. interest兴趣。由下文的“people helping people”可知，帮助他人是一种美好的事情。故选C项。
35．
考查动词短语辨析。句意：在詹森的案例中，这项价值1.2万美元的手术相当于在当地一家注册了M25项目的慈善组织提供560小时的帮助。A. helping out帮助摆脱困境；B. moving about频繁换工作、经常搬迁；C. hanging around闲逛；D. working out算出。由上文的“Using an algorithm (算法) , the clinic calculates community service hours based on the price of the surgery.”和下文的“Aguila encouraged others to help”可知，诊所使用一种算法，根据手术价格计算社区服务时间，结合常识可知，社区服务是免费为他人提供帮助的，且神经专家阿吉拉鼓励其他人提供帮助，可得出价值1.2万美元的手术相当于提供560小时的社区服务帮助。故选A项。
36．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：由于数百小时的社区服务将是艰难的，阿吉拉鼓励其他人提供帮助，他甚至亲自参与其中。A. exciting令人兴奋的；B. boring无聊的；C. tough艰难的；D. enjoyable愉快的。由上文的“Since hundreds of hours of community service”可知，数百小时的社区服务时间太长了，所以此处应该是指完成它是艰难的。故选C项。
37．
考查副词词义辨析。句意：由于数百小时的社区服务将是艰难的，阿吉拉鼓励其他人提供帮助，他甚至亲自参与其中。A. even甚至；B. almost几乎；C. still仍然；D. rather相当地。由上文的“Since hundreds of hours of community service would be　　6　　, Aguila encouraged others to help”可知，神经专家阿吉拉鼓励其他人提供帮助，但完成数百小时的社区服务时间很艰难，阿吉拉为了扩散帮助他人的简单之美，甚至亲身上阵、做出榜样，even强调出乎意料。故选A项。
38．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他告诉CNN：“我有这个希望，我们会重新点燃邻居和我们自己的志愿工作热情。”A. training训练；B. understanding理解；C. learning学习；D. volunteering自愿做。由上文的“The nerve specialist gives patients at his Healing Hands of Nebraska in Papillion the　　3　　to pay for surgery through community service instead of money.”和“the clinic calculates community service hours based on the price of the surgery”结合常识可知，社区服务是免费为他人提供帮助的，这是一种志愿服务，阿吉拉认为他的这项举措会让人们重新点燃志愿工作热情。故选D项。
39．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：“我们不能忽视自家后院的人（即同胞），”阿吉拉说。A. trouble麻烦；B. cheat欺骗；C. ignore忽视；D. hurt伤害。由下文的“And we want to help more people like Jensen who have lost hope medically.”可知，阿吉拉帮助像詹森这样在医学上失去希望的人，说明阿吉拉认为我们不能忽视自己的同胞。故选C项。
40．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果人们团结起来帮助其他人，那么我们的社会就会得到提升。A. served服务；B. lifted提升；C. tested测试；D. awarded奖励。由上文的“If people come together to help other people”可知，阿吉拉认为如果人人都去帮助他人，社会就会变得美好，得到提升/改善。故选B项。
（2022·北京房山·一模）As a woman walked down the streets one day, she noticed a beggar. The man looked old and ill-dressed. She___41___asked the man, “Sir? Are you hungry?” She tried to pick him up. “You need to___42___something,” the woman said.
The man looked at the woman, who, clearly by her appearance was from a___43___background. “No,” he said coldly.
The woman finally managed to___44___the man into the cafeteria and ordered him something to eat.
When the man was eating his meal, the woman stared at the man and asked “Jack. do you___45___me?” Old Jack examined her face. Then his face suddenly lit up. “Now I remember you. I used to be at the counter. You came up and asked me if you could work for something to eat.”
“Then you___46___me the biggest roast beef sandwich, a cup of coffee, and a table for me to sit at. I saw you put the___47___of my food in the cash register.” the woman said.
She opened her purse and pulled out a business___48___. “Please pay a visit to the personnel director of my company. We need your help. We can pay you the___49___in advance.”
“How can I ever repay your_____50_____?” Jack asked.
“You don’t need to”, the woman smiled.
41．A．nervously B．kindly C．curiously D．confusedly
42．A．do B．buy C．eat D．leam
43．A．wealthy B．political C．trustworthy D．famous
44．A．force B．show C．lead D．drag
45．A．recognize B．follow C．forgive D．understand
46．A．sold B．dropped C．offered D．promised
47．A．order B．menu C．price D．package
48．A．ticket B．card C．letter D．invitation
49．A．interest B．bill C．debt D．salary
50．A．comfort B．kindness C．sacrifice D．contribution
【答案】41．B
42．C
43．A
44．C
45．A
46．C
47．C
48．B
49．D
50．B
【解析】
【导语】
本文是一篇记叙文。文章叙述了一位富有的女士在街上遇见一个乞丐，这个乞丐在多年前曾经帮助过她，女士带领乞丐吃了饭，并让他到她的公司任职。
41．
考查副词词义辨析。句意：她亲切地问那个男人：“先生？你饿了吗？”A. nervously紧张地；B. kindly亲切的；C. curiously好奇地；D. confusedly慌乱地。根据下文“Sir? Are you hungry?”可知，女士对这个流浪汉非常同情，此处应表达的是，她亲切地（kindly）问男人是否饿了。故选B项。
42．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：“你需要吃点东西，”女士说。A. do做；B. buy买；C. eat吃；D. leam学。根据上文“Sir? Are you hungry?”可知，女士担心流浪汉饿了，认为他应该吃（eat）点东西。故选C项。
43．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：男人看了看那个女士，从她的外表来看，她显然有富有的背景。A. wealthy富有的；B. political政治的；C. trustworthy值得信赖的；D. famous著名的。根据下文“Please pay a visit to the personnel director of my company. We can pay you the　　9　　in advance.”可知，女士拥有一家公司，推知她有富有的（wealthy）背景。故选A项。
44．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这名女子最终设法把这名男子领进自助餐厅，并给他点了些吃的。A. force强迫；B. show显示；C. lead带领，引导；D. drag拖拉。根据上文“She　　1　　asked the man, “Sir? Are you hungry?” She tried to pick him up. “You need to　　2　　something”, the woman said.”可知，女士问这个乞丐是否饿了，并试图把他拉起来，想让他吃点东西，从这些细节看，女士对乞丐充满了同情，此处指她设法带领（lead）这名男子领进自助餐厅。故选C项。
45．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当男人在吃饭时，女士盯着男人问道：“杰克，你认出我了吗？”A. recognize认出；B. follow遵循；C. forgive原谅；D. understand理解。根据下文“Then his face suddenly lit up. “Now I remember you.”可知，后来男人记起来了这个女士，因此，此处指的是女士问他是否认出（recognize）自己。故选A项。
46．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后你给了我最大的烤牛肉三明治，一杯咖啡和一张桌子让我坐。A. sold销售；B. dropped下降；C. offered给，提供；D. promised承诺。根据下文“I saw you put the　　7　　of my food in the cash register”. the woman said.”可知，当时男人把女士食物的价钱装进了收银机，由此推知，他给了（offered）女孩一个最大的烤牛肉三明治，替女孩买单了。故选C项。
47．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我看到你把我食物的价钱放进了收银机。A. order订单；B. menu菜单；C. price钱，价钱；D. package包。根据上文“Then you　　6　　me the biggest roast beef sandwich…”可知，男人给了女孩一个最大的烤牛肉三明治，替女孩买单了，他把钱（price）放进了收银机。故选C项。
48．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：她打开钱包，拿出一张名片。A. ticket机票；B. card (尤指显示个人信息的)卡片，名片；C. letter信；D. invitation邀请。根据下文“Please pay a visit to the personnel director of my company.”可知，女士让男人去拜访她公司的主管，由此推知，她拿出名片（card）给男人。故选B项。
49．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们可以提前付给你工资。A. interest利益；B. bill账单；C. debt债务；D. salary薪水。根据本文第一句“As a woman walked down the streets one day, she noticed a beggar.”可知，男人是一个乞丐，可见他很穷，需要钱，因此女士想提前支付他工资（salary），以解决他的穷困。故选D项。
50．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：“我怎样才能报答你的好意呢？”杰克问。A. comfort舒适；B. kindness善良，好意；C. sacrifice牺牲；D. contribution贡献。通读全文，结合语境，女士不仅仅带乞丐吃东西，而且还让他到公司工作，提前支付工资，这名乞丐非常感激，因此问她怎样才能报答她的好意（kindness）。故选B项。
（2022·北京石景山·一模）Up until I was eight years old. I was an only child in my family and life was sweet. Then along came Grant, my little brother, and everything changed.
As Grant got older, he   ___51___ the habit of attaching himself to me and I found him totally   ___52___. By the time I became a teenager, he was my   ___53___ , following me around, copying my every move, and generally being a pest.
However,   ___54___ my annoyance, I began to enjoy him as time went by. He was a funny little guy, and I found his hero-worship pleasant. As we got older, we established boundaries and alliances (联盟), becoming more   ___55___ of each other. Grant ___56___ asking to go along on dates with me, and I no longer made fun of him in front of his peers. He cheered me on at my soccer games, and I   ___57___ to coach his baseball team.
I wondered if the transition happened because he became less annoying and more of a buddy or because I became more   ___58___ , more able to share, more receptive to the unconditional love he offered. Looking back, I have come to the conclusion that maybe it was a/an   ___59___ of both.
Today, Grant and I are a team. I know that we will always be close, if not in age or distance, then in the   ____60____ shared by brothers.
51．A．developed B．changed C．maintained D．broke
52．A．reliable B．annoying C．unique D．disappointing
53．A．angel B．guide C．shadow D．enemy
54．A．besides B．despite C．beyond D．for
55．A．considerate B．critical C．envious D．respectful
56．A．missed B．suggested C．stopped D．enjoyed
57．A．hesitated B．happened C．pretended D．volunteered
58．A．creative B．ambitious C．independent D．patient
59．A．innovation B．combination C．limitation D．expectation
60．A．hope B．courage C．love D．pride
【答案】51．A
52．B
53．C
54．B
55．A
56．C
57．D
58．D
59．B
60．C
【解析】
【导语】
本文为一篇夹叙夹议文。文章叙述了作者和弟弟在成长中的陪伴过程，并表明了他对于兄弟关系的转变的看法。
51．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：随着格兰特渐渐长大，他养成了依恋我的习惯，我觉得他非常烦人。A. developed发展；B. changed改变；C. maintained维持；D. broke打破。根据下文“following me around, copying my every move, and generally being a pest”可知，随着格兰特逐渐长大，他发展出依恋作者的习惯。故选A项。
52．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上。A. reliable可靠的；B. annoying令人心烦的；C. unique独特的；D. disappointing令人失望的。根据下文“___4___ my annoyance”可知，当格兰特逐渐长大，作者开始厌烦他。故选B项。
53．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：到我十几岁的时候，他就成了我的影子，跟在我后面，模仿我的一举一动，是个讨厌鬼。A. angel天使；B. guide导游；C. shadow影子；D. enemy敌人。根据空后“following me around, copying my every move, and generally being a pest.”可知，格兰特在作者十几岁时成为了他的影子。故选C项。
54．
考查介词词义辨析。句意：然而，随着时间的推移，尽管我很烦恼，我开始喜欢他。A. besides除……之外；B. despite尽管；C. beyond超出；D. for为了。根据空后“I began to enjoy him as time went by.”可知，尽管作者很烦恼，却开始喜欢他。故选B项。
55．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：随着年龄的增长，我们建立了界限和联盟，变得更加体谅彼此。A. considerate体贴的；B. critical重要的；C. envious嫉妒的；D. respectful尊敬的。根据下文“Grant 　6　 asking to go along on dates with me, and I no longer made fun of him in front of his peers. He cheered me on at my soccer games”可知，随着年龄的增长，作者兄弟俩开始更加体谅彼此。故选A项。
56．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：格兰特不再要求和我一起去约会，我也不再在他的同学面前取笑他。A. missed错过；B. suggested建议；C. stopped停止；D. enjoyed享受。根据“and I no longer made fun of him in front of his peers.”可知，格兰特不再要求和作者一起去约会。故选C项。
57．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他在我的足球比赛中为我加油，而我自愿当他的棒球队的教练。A. hesitated犹豫；B. happened发生；C. pretended假装；D. volunteered自愿做。根据上文“He cheered me on at my soccer games”可知，作者主动自愿去当他棒球队的教练。故选D项。
58．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我在想，这一转变之所以发生，是因为他变得不那么烦人，更像个好朋友，还是因为我变得更有耐心，更能分享，更能接受他给予的无条件的爱。A. creative有创造力的；B. ambitious有野心的；C. independent独立自主的；D. patient耐心的。根据空后“more able to share, more receptive to the unconditional love he offered”可知，作者思考是否这一转变是由于自己更有耐心了，更能分享和接受兄弟的爱。故选D项。
59．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：回顾过去，我得出的结论是，也许这是两者的结合。A. innovation创新；B. combination结合；C. limitation限制；D. expectation期待。根据空后“of both”可知，作者最终得出结论，两人关系的转变是两方相互的转变的结合。故选B项。
60．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我知道，我们将永远是亲密的，如果不是在年龄或距离上，那么是因为兄弟之间互相分享的爱。A. hope希望；B. courage勇气；C. love爱；D. pride骄傲。根据上文“the unconditional love he offered”及空后“shared by brothers”可知，作者和弟弟之间的爱使得他们保持亲密。故选C项。
（2022·北京市第一三二中学一模）I was about to sleep when someone knocked on my window. Knock, knock. Then a three-second pause. Knock, knock. Immediately I knew it was my best friend, Ben. The knock ____61____ was our emergency call which never means anything good.
“What’s going on?” I rushed to open the window and asked.
Ben climbed in. “Bad news.” He gave me a ____62____ look, and I immediately knew what it was. My heart ____63____ . I gave him a nod, and he sighed in response.
“Where to?” I asked.
“Virginia.”
“That’s far from Florida.”
We looked at each other knowing we were thinking the same. Both Ben and I had parents in the airforce. We were used to frequent moves.
Ben and I became close friends since I crashed into Ben’s stand and sent plastic cups of lemonade flying into the heavens. At first, I ____64____ Florida. Everything changed, though, when I ____65____ rollers-kated into Ben’s lemonade stand.
“It must have been fate!” we claimed. But I think that, maybe, there was some ____66____ in that lemonade, and that as it rained down on us, it cast a spell making us friends forever.
“Maybe your family will get moved to Virginia too.” Ben said.
“Yeah, maybe.” I knew the chance was low, but I chose to hope.
Ben grinned at me. Though it looked sad, I saw ____67____ in him too.
“I’ll have a lemonade stand ____68____ for you.”
“Then I’ll pack my roller-skates.”
“Then I’ll wear a poncho (雨披).”
We ____69____ . The humid Florida night closed around us, and I felt a tiny drop of liquid splash on my arm. I knew it was probably rain, but still, I thought that, maybe, it was a drop of magic lemonade, because nothing on earth can break the _____70_____ between us.
61．A．sound B．pattern C．number D．symbol
62．A．playful B．grateful C．cheerful D．meaningful
63．A．failed B．softened C．sank D．relieved
64．A．hated B．missed C．explored D．appreciated
65．A．gradually B．narrowly C．constantly D．accidentally
66．A．sign B．magic C．flavour D．wish
67．A．hope B．joy C．courage D．support
68．A．necessary B．convenient C．ready D．useful
69．A．struggled B．argued C．laughed D．compromised
70．A．rule B．bond C．barrier D．balance
【答案】61．B
62．D
63．C
64．A
65．D
66．B
67．A
68．C
69．C
70．B
【解析】
【导语】
这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者在Ben告知即将搬走的时候回忆起了他们的友情是如何建立的，并且相信即使不在一起了，也没有什么能打破他们友谊的纽带。
61．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：敲窗的方式是我们的紧急呼叫，但这并不意味着什么好事。A. sound声音；B. pattern模式，方式；C. number数字；D. symbol象征。根据上文“Knock, knock. Then a three-second pause. Knock, knock.”可知，此处是指敲窗的方式是作者和朋友之间的紧急呼叫。故选B。
62．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他意味深长地看了我一眼，我立刻明白了这是什么意思。A. playful有趣的，爱玩的；B. grateful感激的；C. cheerful令人愉快的；D. meaningful有意义的，意味深长的。根据下文“I immediately knew what it was”可知，此处是指朋友Ben给了作者一个意味深长的表情。故选D。
63．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我心头一沉。A. failed失败；B. softened软化，使……变软；C. sank下沉；D. relieved解除，减轻，缓和。根据下文““Where to?” I asked.”可知，Ben要搬走了，作者听了此消息后很难过，因此心头一沉。故选C。
64．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：一开始，我讨厌佛罗里达。A. hated讨厌；B. missed想念，错过；C. explored探索；D. appreciated感激，欣赏。根据下文作者和Ben成为好朋友和“Everything changed, though”推知，在和Ben成为朋友前作者讨厌弗罗里达州，因为他常常随父母搬家，所以没有朋友。故选A。
65．
考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，当我意外走进Ben的柠檬水摊时，一切都变了。A. gradually逐渐；B. narrowly勉强地，仔细地；C. constantly不断地，一直；D. accidentally意外地。结合常识和下文“It must have been fate!”可知，作者滑进Ben的柠檬水摊是一个意外，因此他们才会觉得这是命中注定。故选D。
66．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：但我想，也许那柠檬水有某种魔力，当它落在我们身上时，它就像施了魔法，让我们成为永远的朋友。A. sign标志，迹象；B. magic魔法，魔术；C. flavour风味；D. wish愿望。根据下文“as it rained down on us, it cast a spell making us friends forever.”推知，作者认为柠檬水有魔力，它让自己和Ben成了好朋友。且下文的“it was a drop of magic lemonade”也是提示。故选B。
67．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：虽然看起来很悲伤，但我也在他身上看到了希望。 A. hope希望；B. joy快乐；C. courage勇气；D. support支持。呼应上文“I knew the chance was low, but I chose to hope.”可知，此处指Ben虽然看起来悲伤，但也对他们的友谊充满了希望。故选A。
68．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我会为你准备好柠檬水摊。A. necessary必要的；B. convenient方便的；C. ready准备好的，现成的；D. useful有用的。根据下文“Then I’ll pack my roller-skates.”可知，此处是指Ben在临走前为作者准备好柠檬水摊，因为这是他们友谊开始的地方。故选C。
69．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们都笑了。A. struggled挣扎，努力，奋斗；B. argued争论；C. laughed笑；D. compromised妥协，互让。根据上文““I’ll have a lemonade stand 　　8　　 for you.” “Then I’ll pack my roller-skates.” “Then I’ll wear a poncho (雨披).””可知，他们聊了一些开心的事情，这些事情表明他们的友谊会继续，因此两人都笑了。故选C。
70．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我知道可能是下雨了，但我仍然认为，也许，这是一滴神奇的柠檬水，因为地球上没有什么能打破我们之间的联系。A. rule规则；B. bond纽带，联系；C. barrier障碍；D. balance平衡。根据上文“it cast a spell making us friends forever.”可知，作者和Ben是永远的好朋友，因此作者认为没有什么能打破他们之间的联系，更何况还有神奇的“柠檬水”。故选B。

（2022·北京丰台·一模）Though new term had begun for weeks, the new girl Molly still remained ___71___ around her classmates. Now she was sitting at the picnic table alone. She seemed unsure of what to do or say, yet I could see her eyes longing for ___72___.
Brianna, the class clown, was standing near the playground making the other students laugh, as usual. “Brianna, Molly looks awfully ___73___. Would you invite her to join us?” I said.
Brianna sighed. I could tell that she was ___74___ to do what I was asking of her, but I also knew she was so sweet and kind. I had specifically ___75___ her for this task. She looked at her friends, then at Molly.
Knowing this choice was ___76___ her, I reached into my pocket and pulled out a D-buck, our class currency(货币). I needed to ___77___ her cooperation.
“Here, I’ll ___78___ you for your time.”
She offered an insincere smile, grasped the green paper, and headed off.
I watched closely as the girls talked. When they finally walked back together, I sighed with ___79___.
A minute later, Brianna came back and handed me the D-buck.
“I shouldn’t keep this.” Her eyes fell to her feet, _____80_____ radiating from her quiet voice. “I don’t want Molly to think I only went to get her so I could earn a D-buck. She’s my friend.”
Then Brianna skipped back to amuse her classmates again, and who laughed for the first time that week? Molly.
71．A．satisfied B．surprised C．awkward D．ashamed
72．A．trust B．acceptance C．understanding D．respect
73．A．angry B．puzzled C．serious D．lonely
74．A．unwilling B．eager C．determined D．disappointed
75．A．studied B．selected C．supported D．examined
76．A．comforting B．warming C．paining D．protecting
77．A．consider B．permit C．check D．ensure
78．A．help B．pay C．prepare D．forgive
79．A．relief B．concern C．sorrow D．regret
80．A．excitement B．courage C．guilt D．impatience
【答案】71．C
72．B
73．D
74．A
75．B
76．C
77．D
78．B
79．A
80．C
【解析】
【导语】
这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述作者请Brianna帮助新来的女孩Molly融入新的集体，并答应给Brianna班级的货币。Brianna与Molly聊天之后，成为了朋友，并内疚地把班级货币还给了作者。
71．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：虽然新学期已经开始了几个星期，但新来的女孩Molly在同学面前仍然感到很尴尬。A. satisfied感到满意的；B. surprised感到惊奇的；C. awkward尴尬的；D. ashamed惭愧的。根据下文““Brianna, Molly looks awfully ___3___.”可知，新来的Molly感到很尴尬，故选C。
72．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：她似乎不知道该做什么或说什么，但我却看到她渴望被接纳的眼睛。A. trust信任；B. acceptance接受、接纳；C. understanding理解；D. respect尊敬。根据“Now she was sitting at the picnic table alone. She seemed unsure of what to do or say”可知，Molly刚到新的班级，认识新的同学，她不知道做什么和说什么，无法融入新的集体，故推知Molly渴望获得新同学的接纳和认可，故选B。
73．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Brianna，Molly一个人看起来很孤独。A. angry生气的；B. puzzled困惑的；C. serious严肃的；D. lonely孤独的。根据上文“Now she was sitting at the picnic table alone.”可知，Molly独自坐着，所以她应该是看起来孤独的，故选D。
74．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Brianna 叹了一口气。我看得出来，她不愿意做我要她做的事，但我也知道她是如此的善良。A. unwilling不愿意的；B. eager渴望的；C. determined决心的；D. disappointed感到失望的。根据上文“Brianna sighed.”可知，Brianna叹了一口气，说明Brianna不愿意做我要她做的事，故选A。
75．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我特意选择了她来执行这项任务。A. studied学习；B. selected选择；C. supported支持；D. examined仔细检查。根据上文“I could tell that she was ___4___ to do what I was asking of her, but I also knew she was so sweet and kind.”可知，Brianna很善良，所以我选择Brianna去邀请Molly，故选B。
76．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：知道这个选择让她很痛苦，我把手伸进口袋，掏出一个D-buck——我们班的货币。A. comforting安慰；B. warming使温暖；C. paining使苦恼；D. protecting保护。根据上文“Brianna sighed.”可知，Brianna不愿意做我要她做的事，故推知我的请求使她感到苦恼，故选C。
77．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我需要确保她的合作。A. consider考虑；B. permit允许；C. check检查；D. ensure确保。根据“I reached into my pocket and pulled out a D-buck, our class currency.”可知，我为了让Brianna去邀请Molly，给Brianna班级货币。故推知我想确保Brianna能答应我的请求，与我合作。故选D。
78．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：给你，我会为你的时间付D-buck的。A. help帮助；B. pay支付；C. prepare准备；D. forgive原谅。根据“I reached into my pocket and pulled out a D-buck, our class currency.”可知，我为了让Brianna去邀请Molly，给Brianna班级货币，花班级货币买她的时间。故选B。
79．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：当她们最后一起走回去时，我松了一口气。A. relief宽慰、解脱；B. concern关心；C. sorrow悲伤；D. regret后悔。根据“I watched closely as the girls talked.”及“When they finally walked back together”可知，Brianna答应了我的请求，陪Molly一起聊天然后一起走，一切都很顺利。故推知我不再担心Molly孤单一人，所以松了口气，故选A。
80．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：“我不应该保留这个。”她的目光落在脚上，内疚从她平静的声音中散发出来。A. excitement兴奋；B. courage勇气；C. guilt内疚；D. impatience不耐烦。根据“I shouldn’t keep this.”及“Her eyes fell to her feet”可知，Brianna认为自己不该为了要D-buck，才和Molly聊天，低下了头。通过动作描写可知，Brianna为自己的行为感到很内疚，故选C。
（2022·北京顺义·一模）Thursday would be huge. But when coach announced the championship game would be a night game on Thursday, Devin's heart ___81___. The concert was at the same time as the game. And Ms. Poltis had ___82___ Devin to sing a brief solo (独唱). Thinking the soccer team was on the edge of a title and he was a big reason — he ___83___ the league in scoring, Devin frowned (皱眉). He couldn't disappoint his team by ___84___ the game.
That night, Devin lay in bed, staring at the trophies (奖杯) from races, baseball leagues and free-throw contests which ___85___ his shelves. The solo was only four lines in the middle of a song, but the thought of singing ___86___ made him shiver (颤抖). He'd never sung a solo before. Now it was a relief to know he didn't have to. The soccer game was a perfect ___87___. While at the moment Ms. Poltis' words came to his mind "I chose you not because you're the best singer but because you work hard, like the person in the song. And you have a very nice voice. So don't be nervous. Be proud." It was no secret that several other choir members had ___88___ singing voices than he did. But he liked the song, and he ___89___ how kind and inspiring Ms. Poltis always was. Finally Devin made a choice and whispered the solo with ____90____, "no matter how hard the struggle. I will never let you down…"
81．A．bled B．sank C．hurt D．beat
82．A．taught B．allowed C．chosen D．ordered
83．A．led B．won C．joined D．formed
84．A．watching B．playing C．entering D．skipping
85．A．lined B．piled C．covered D．decorated
86．A．loudly B．outside C．alone D．proudly
87．A．platform B．request C．condition D．excuse
88．A．louder B．stronger C．softer D．deeper
89．A．appreciated B．accepted C．confirmed D．praised
90．A．tension B．patience C．sorrow D．confidence
【答案】81．B
82．C
83．A
84．D
85．A
86．C
87．D
88．B
89．A
90．D
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇记叙文。Devin被Ms. Poltis选中参加独唱，因为怕唱不好而紧张，Devin想要拒绝；最后在Ms. Poltis的鼓励下，Ms. Poltis自信地参加了独唱。
81．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：但当教练宣布冠军赛将是周四晚上的比赛时，Devin的心情变得沉重。A. bled流血； B. sank(心情)变得沉重；C. hurt受伤；D. beat跳动。根据后文“Devin frowned(皱眉)”可知，当教练宣布比赛时，Devin的心情变得沉重。故选B。
82．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：Ms. Poltis 选择Devin来唱一段简短的独唱。A. taught教；B. allowed允许；C. chosen选择；D. ordered命令。根据第二段“I chose you not because you're the best singer but because you work hard”可知，Ms. Poltis 选择Devin来唱一段简短的独唱。故选C。
83．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：Devin认为足球队即将夺冠，他是他在得分方面领先联盟的一个重要原因，他皱起了眉头。A. led率领，处于领先地位；B. won赢得；C. joined加入；D. formed形成。根据空前“Thinking the soccer team was on the edge of a title ”可知，因为将要夺冠，由此可知，在得分上是领先的。故选A。
84．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他不能不参加比赛而使他的球队失望。A. watching看；B. playing玩耍；C. entering进入；D. skipping跳过。根据前文“He couldn't disappoint his team”可知，Devin不想不参加比赛，这样会让球队失望。故选D。
85．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：那天晚上，Devin躺在床上，盯着货架上摆满的比赛、棒球联赛和罚球比赛的奖杯。A. lined沿……排成行；B. piled堆放；C. covered覆盖；D. decorated装饰。由空前“trophies (奖杯)from races , baseball leagues and free-throw contests”可知，比赛中的获得的奖杯在架子上排成行。故选A。
86．
考查副词词义辨析。句意：这首独唱只有歌曲中间的四行，但一想到要独自唱，他就不寒而栗。A. loudly大声地；B. outside在外面；C. alone单独；D. proudly骄傲地。根据前文the solo可知，因为是独唱，所以此处指一个人唱歌。故选C。
87．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：足球比赛是个完美的借口。A. platform站台，讲台；B. request要求；C. condition条件；D. excuse借口。根据前文“He'd never sung a solo before.”可知，因为Devin不想唱歌，所以足球比赛是个完美的借口。故选D。
88．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：唱诗班的其他几个成员的嗓音比他响亮，这已经不是什么秘密了。A. louder更大声的；B. stronger更响亮的；C. softer更柔软的；D. deeper更深的。根据前文“I chose you not because you're the best singer but because you work hard”可知，唱诗班的其他几个成员比他唱得好，由此可知，他们的嗓音也比Devin响亮。故选B。
89．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：但他喜欢这首歌，他也感激Ms. Poltis一直以来的善良和鼓舞人心。A. appreciated感激；B. accepted接受；C. confirmed确认；D. praised赞扬。根据后文“how kind and inspiring Ms. Poltis always was.”可知，Devin感激Ms. Poltis一直以来的善良和鼓舞人心。故选A。
90．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：最后，Devin做出了选择，自信地低声唱着独唱。A. tension紧张；B. patience耐心；C. sorrow悲伤；D. confidence自信。根据后文“no matter how hard the struggle. I will never let you down…”可知，Devin自信地歌唱。故选D。
（2022·北京市延庆区教育科学研究中心一模）“I Got Him!”
It was the homecoming parade in Rockwall, Texas, and cheerleader Tyra Winters in her uniform, was riding atop one of the school’s floats(花车). As it slowly made its way down the street, the 17-year-old enthusiastically ___91___ at the crowd, all the while soaking in the music, laughter, and applause.
All of a sudden, a horrible ___92___ came. Looking down, Winters saw a two-year-old on the sidewalk gasping for air, his mother ___93___ for help in panic. The boy had been sucking on a piece of candy when it ___94___ down the back of his mouth, lodging in his throat and blocking his windpipe.
“There was no coughing；there was no ___95___ ,” his mother, Nicole cried. No one seemed to know how to help.
Except for Winters. With dreams of becoming a surgeon, she had learned the Heimlich maneuver（海姆利克氏急救法）. Knowing that every second ___96___, she leaped off the moving float and ran to the child.
By the time she got to the boy, his face had turned purple. “I got him!” she yelled to Nicole as she ___97___ the boy from her. Winters positioned him against her and gave a good three back slaps.
Soon, the boy coughed up the piece of ___98___, gasped, and began breathing again. Without another word, Winters handed the boy back to his mother and hurried back to her float before it could leave her behind.
It all happened so ___99___, Nicole never had time to thank the teen. Winters’ heroic actions left Nicole _____100_____. “I don’t really have any words,” she said, “‘thank you’ doesn’t seem good enough.”
91．A．laughed B．waved C．shouted D．stared
92．A．noise B．ring C．whistle D．scream
93．A．begging B．applying C．waiting D．preparing
94．A．ran B．slid C．fell D．jumped
95．A．gasping B．crying C．breathing D．speaking
96．A．faded B．continued C．approached D．counted
97．A．grabbed B．moved C．drew D．separated
98．A．nut B．blood C．candy D．biscuit
99．A．quickly B．quietly C．gradually D．obviously
100．A．hopeless B．speechless C．helpless D．emotionless
【答案】91．B
92．D
93．A
94．B
95．C
96．D
97．A
98．C
99．A
100．B
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇记叙文，讲述了一名17岁的啦啦队队长在游行时从彩车上跳下来救助一名因糖果堵住气管的男孩的英勇故事。
91．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当花车缓慢地经过街道时，这位17岁的女孩热情地朝人群挥手，当时所有人都沉浸在音乐、笑声和掌声里。A. laughed 笑；B. waved 挥手；C. shouted 大叫；D. stared 凝视。分析句子可知这位17岁的啦啦队队长cheerleader，“riding atop of the schools floats 坐在花车的顶上”，应该是朝人群挥手示意。故选B。
92．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：突然，传来一阵可怕的尖叫声。A. noise 噪音；B. ring 戒指；C. whistle 哨子；D. scream 尖叫。后文“his mother…for help in panic 他的妈妈慌张地求救”可知嘈杂的人群中这位妈妈要求救需要大声呼喊，故有尖叫声。故选D。
93．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：Winters 看到人行道上一个两岁的男孩在尽力呼吸，他的妈妈惊慌地请求帮助。A. begging 乞求；B. applying 应用；C. waiting 等待；D. preparing 准备。后文“a piece of candy…lodging in his throat and locking his windpipe”“一块糖果……掉到他的喉咙里，堵住了气管”可知这个男孩难以呼吸，故他的妈妈呼救。故选A。
94．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这个男孩之前吸吮一块糖果，当时糖果从嘴巴后侧滑落进入喉咙，堵住了气管。A. ran 跑；B. slide 滑；C. fell 落下；D. jumped 跳。分析句子可知吃糖果的时候，只有从嘴巴后侧滑进去，才会到喉咙。故选B。
95．
考查动词词义辨析。句意： “不咳嗽、也没有呼吸，”他妈妈Nicole哭着说道。A. grasping 抓住；B. crying 哭泣；C. breathing 呼吸；D. speaking 说。前文说男孩子“grasping for air 努力、尽力呼吸”可知堵住气管的他很难呼吸成功，几乎不能呼吸。故选C。
96．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：知道每一秒钟都十分重要，她跳下彩车，跑向那个孩子。A. faded 消逝；B. continued 继续；C. approached 接近；D. counted 重要、有价值。根据前文可知男孩呼吸困难，而“Winters had learned the Heimlich maneuver 学过海姆利克氏急救法”，故她知道对于呼吸困难的急救而言，每一秒钟都只举足轻重的。故选D。
97．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：“我来抓住他！”当她从Nicole那里夺过男孩时她朝Nicole大声喊道。A. grabbed 夺取；B. moved 移动；C. drew 拖、拉；D. separated 分开。分析前后文可知最初男孩的母亲在照顾他，Winters 肯定是从妈妈Nicole那里把小孩抢夺过去，然后试图抢救。故选A。
98．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：很快，那个男孩就咳出了那块糖果，抓住，然后重新开始呼吸。A. nut 坚果；B. blood 血液；C. candy 糖果；D. biscuit 饼干。由前文可知男孩是被糖果卡住气管的，故咳出来也应该是糖果。故选C。
99．
考查副词词义辨析。句意：这一切如此的快，Nicole都没来得及感谢这位少年。A. quickly 快速地；B. quietly 安静地；C. gradually 逐渐地；D. obviously 显然地。由后文“never had time to thank the teen 没时间感谢这位少年”可推断出是救治速度很快，Winters救回男孩后就快速离开了。故选A。
100．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Winters 的英勇壮举使Nicole一时语塞，不知道说啥。A. hopeless 无希望的；B. speechless 一时语塞的；C. helpless 无助的；D. emotionless 没有情感的。后文“I don’t really have any words 我真没什么可说的”可知Nicole一时语塞了。故选B。
（2021·首都师范大学附属中学三模）I learned how to accept life as it is from my father. ____101____ , he did not teach me acceptance when he was strong and healthy, but rather when he was weak and ill.
My father was ____102____ a strong man who loved being active, but a terrible illness took all that away. Now he can no longer walk, and he must sit quietly in a chair all day. Even talking is difficult. One night, I went to visit him with my sisters. We started talking about life, and I told them about one of my ____103____. I said that we must very often give things up as we grow — our youth, our beauty, our friends — but it always____104____ that after we give something up, we gain something new in its place. Then suddenly my father ____105____ up. He said, “But, Peter, I gave up ____106____! What did I gain?” I thought and thought, but I couldn’t think of anything to say. Surprisingly, he answered his own question: “I ____107____ the love of my family,” I looked at my sisters and saw tears in their eyes, along with hope and thankfulness.
I was also touched by his words. After that, when I began to feel irritated (愤怒的) at someone, I would remember his words and become ____108____. If he could replace his great pain with a feeling of love for others, then I should be able to give up my small irritations. In this way, I learned the power of acceptance from my father.
Sometimes I ____109____ what other things I could have learned from him if I had listened more carefully when I was a boy. For now, though, I am grateful for this one ____110____.
101．A．Afterwards B．Therefore C．However D．Meanwhile
102．A．already B．still C．only D．once
103．A．decisions B．experiences C．ambitions D．beliefs
104．A．suggests B．promises C．seems D．requires
105．A．spoke B．turned C．summed D．opened
106．A．something B．anything C．nothing D．everything
107．A．had B．accepted C．gained D．enjoyed
108．A．quiet B．calm C．relaxed D．happy
109．A．doubt B．wonder C．know D．guess
110．A．award B．gift C．lesson D．word
【答案】101．C
102．D
103．D
104．C
105．A
106．D
107．C
108．B
109．B
110．B
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了作者从父亲身上学到了接受现实的人生理念。作者的父亲得了重病，身体虚弱，不能走，说话都困难。父亲认为他虽失去了一切，但他得到了家人的爱。从此每当作者生气时，一想到父亲的话，就镇定下来了。他觉得父亲能用自己的剧痛来替换其他人的爱，那他就能放弃这微小的恼怒。
101．
考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，他没有在他强壮和健康的时候教我接受，而是在他虚弱和生病的时候。A. Afterwards后来；B. Therefore因此；C. However然而；D. Meanwhile同时。根据前后文语境，作者从父亲那里学会了如何接受生活，与后文“他没有在他强壮和健康的时候教我接受，而是在他虚弱和生病的时候”构成转折关系，应用however。故选C。
102．
考查副词词义辨析。句意：我的父亲曾经是一个强壮的人，他喜欢活动，但一场可怕的疾病夺走了这一切。A. already已经；B. still仍然；C. only仅仅；D. once曾经，一旦。根据后文“but a terrible illness took all that away”可知父亲在疾病夺走了健康之前，曾经是一个强壮的人。故选D。
103．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们开始谈论生活，我告诉他们我的一个信念。A. decisions决定；B. experiences经历；C. ambitions野心；D. beliefs信念。由下文语境“we must very often give things up as we grow — our youth, our beauty, our friends…”可知，下文的内容表达了作者的信念。故选D。
104．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我说过，在成长的过程中我们必须经常放弃一些东西——我们的青春、我们的美丽、我们的朋友——但似乎总是在我们放弃一些东西之后，我们就会在原来的地方获得一些新的东西。A. suggests建议；B. promises承诺；C. seems似乎；D. requires要求。根据后文“that after we give something up, we gain something new in its place”可知，作者认为似乎我们丢弃一些东西后，一些新的东西代替了原来的东西。故选C。
105．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：突然，父亲开口了。A. spoke说；B. turned转弯；C. summed总结；D. opened打开。由下文的“He said”可知，父亲开口了。故选A。
106．
考查不定代词辨析。句意：但是，彼得，我放弃了一切！A. something某事；B. anything任何事；C. nothing没有什么；D. everything一切。由上文语境可知，疾病带走了父亲的一切，所以父亲认为他放弃了一切。故选D。
107．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：令人惊讶的是，他回答了自己的问题：“我得到了家人的爱”。A. had有；B. accepted接受；C. gained获得；D. enjoyed欣赏。根据后文“the love of my family”可知，由于父亲得病，受到了家庭的照顾，所以他说得到了家庭的爱。故选C。
108．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在那之后，当我开始对某人感到生气时，我会记住他的话，变得冷静。   A. quiet安静的；B. calm冷静的；C. relaxed放松的；D. happy快乐的。由全文语境可知，疾病夺走了作者父亲的一切，但作者父亲仍然感受其他人的爱，所以当作者想起父亲的话时就变得冷静下来。故选B。
109．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：有时我在想，如果我小时候更仔细地听，我还能从他那里学到什么别的东西。A. doubt怀疑；B. wonder想知道；C. know知道；D. guess猜测。根据后文“what other things I could have learned from him if I had listened more carefully when I was a boy”可知，作者想知道自己还能从父亲那里学到什么。故选B。
110．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：不过现在，我很感激这份礼物。A. award奖励；B. gift礼物；C. lesson课程；D. word单词。这篇短文讲述了作者的父亲因为生病而失去了活动甚至于说话的能力，但是他仍然认为自己获得了家庭的爱，表现了对生活的正确态度，所以作者把父亲所说的“I gained the love of my family”作为父亲送给自己的礼物。故选B。