押北京卷35—39题 阅读理解七选五 -备战2021年高考英语临考题号押题（北京卷）

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押北京卷第35—39题
阅读理解七选五

1.考查特点：考查以说明文为主，内容、主题多是社会生活和文化科技；题型以段中句为主，段首句和段尾句为辅。其中有考查非完整句的情况。
2.素养考查：话题多关注情感态度、心理及精神培育、生活技能等，与当代社会生活紧密相关，人文气息浓厚，引导学生关爱自我、关爱社会、热爱生活、传播正能量。
3.命题趋势：选材注重两方面的内容：一是贴近考生、贴近生活、新颖、时代感强的材料；二是逻辑性强，结构严谨，层次分明，突出对“篇章结构”的整体理解，侧重考查考生的逻辑思维能力。
通常来说，解答七选五题型，我们要遵循以下几个步骤，以求得最大正答率。
1．通读全文，了解文章大意
这是一个泛读的过程，目的是了解文章大意，为以后的理解做铺垫。
2．分析句型，了解语法构成
当我们了解了文章大意后，要明确每一个空是填一个完整的句子还是从句。这一点十分重要，它能够帮助我们迅速确定某些空的选项范围，比如，有一个空的结尾处是逗号，后文紧跟着一个句子，很显然这时我们需要填一个从句，可以在七个选项中找到是从句的选项，从而缩小选择范围。
3．明确关联关系
任何句子都是要么和上文有联系，要么和下文有联系，要么和上下文都有联系，因为一篇文章不仅仅是句子的整合，也是有含义的连贯性的，怎样确定这种关系？
(1)根据位置：注意空缺处在文中的位置，当空缺处在段首时，应注意此段首句之后的部分，这是因为文章的每一段往往构成总分结构，这一点在说明文和议论文中尤为明显，而七选五的选材往往是说明文和议论文；当空缺处在段中时，则需要看空缺处前后的内容；当空缺处在段末时，则需要看前文的内容，因为这一句最有可能是对整段的一个总结和概括。当然，以上分析只是主流情形，也有可能出现其他情况，这时需要具体问题具体分析。
(2)根据含义：在第一步了解大意的基础上，现在要做的是详细阅读以便明确每一个空的具体关联关系，这时要结合选项同时做(注意在第二步范围缩小的基础上)，常见的关联关系有：顺承、转折、因果、并列、举例。最常见的就是根据代词含义，因为如果上文出现了某个名词或概念时，后文再次提及它，往往为了避免重复，会使用代词，只是后文对前文的一个很好的提示，例如：后文出现了it，那前文出现的名词一定是可数名词单数或者不可数名词或者是一件事；后文出现了this man，那前文一定要有一句话在说这个人的情况，后文才能用this这个代词，等等；其次，根据形容词、副词确定关联关系也比较常见，形容词、副词往往表达了作者的感情色彩，这对于我们排除干扰选项十分关键，比如：上文所使用的形容词、副词全是褒义词汇，语调阳光积极，后文如果和前文是顺承关系，必然也应该用正能量的语调；当然，根据其他词汇确定关联关系也都有可能。
4．宏观把握，选择最佳答案
最后作答时，当我们对于某一个空有两个不同的答案时，我们将其分别代入，选择最佳答案，这一点很简单。
5．带入通读，复查
做完题目后，我们很有必要将自己修正好的文章通读一遍，将其看作一篇行文通顺语意连贯的文章来读，这时如果感到有含义不连贯的地方，很有可能是我们填错了空，就要复查了。注意：七选五的特点在于，错一道，往往还会错另外的一道或几道，我们叫作“连错”，所以当你发现自己有一处填的有问题时，一定要同时检查其他空。

（2021·北京·高考真题）Music has long been considered to be an enjoyable pastime for many people． ____1____ The mental health benefits from music can't be argued．Music could also be helping you with many other health problems behind the scenes．
____2____However，for the same reason，music can be very beneficial if one is in pain．By distracting （分心） the mind from the pain，music，people say，can lower stress and anxiety levels．This，of course，can lead to less pain．
Many people enjoy relaxing music in the evening prior to going to bed．____3____While the validity of the idea is still being assessed，the lowered stress can even be tied back to blood pressure．Similarly, according to researchers，listening to just 30 minutes of soft music every day may help with healthy blood sugar levels， through the lowering of stress and anxiety．
When it comes to heart health，there is speculation （推测） that it's not the style of music， but rather the tempo that makes it so good for your heart health．In one European study，participants listened to music as the researchers monitored their heart rates and blood pressure．____4____ On the other hand，when the music slowed，the participants' stress and anxiety levels became lower and the effects on heart rates appeared to follow suit．
____5____But there is a whole range of other health issues that turning up the radio could be beneficial for，which is what makes music so valuable．
A．This feeling can also result in many other health problems．
B．Some experts say that music can be harmful if it is too loud．
C．This idea is a little off-the-wall but still has scientific backing．
D．They say it can play a big role in calming the brain enough to sleep．
E．The implications of music on overall well-being are really impressive．
F．It is also highly popular due to the individualized effects on stress and anxiety．
G．Interestingly，the more cheerful the music was，the faster their heart rates were．
【答案】1．F
2．B
3．D
4．G
5．E
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是音乐对身体的好处。
1．空格后说“The mental health benefits from music can't be argued”（音乐对心理健康的益处是毋庸置疑的），F选项It is also highly popular due to the individualized effects on stress and anxiety中的stress and anxiety照应了mental health benefits，因此F选项切合题意，故选F。
2．空格后说“However，for the same reason，music can be very beneficial if one is in pain”（然而，出于同样的原因，当一个人处于痛苦中时，音乐是非常有益的），However表转折，因此空格处为对音乐的负面评价，B选项Some experts say that music can be harmful if it is too loud中的harmful就是负面评价，因此B选项切合题意，故选B。
3．空格前说“Many people enjoy relaxing music in the evening prior to going to bed”（许多人喜欢在晚上睡觉前听些轻松的音乐），D选项They say it can play a big role in calming the brain enough to sleep中的sleep和going to bed相呼应，因此D选项切合题意，故选D。
4．空格前说“In one European study，participants listened to music as the researchers monitored their heart rates and blood pressure”（在欧洲的一项研究中，参与者听音乐，研究人员监测他们的心率和血压），G选项Interestingly，the more cheerful the music was，the faster their heart rates were中的heart rates和前面的heart rates相照应，因此G选项切合题意，故选G。
5．空格后说“But there is a whole range of other health issues that turning up the radio could be beneficial for，which is what makes music so valuable”（但是，开着收音机还可以对一系列其他的健康问题有益，这就是音乐如此有价值的原因），因此本段讲的是音乐对身体总的好处，E选项The implications of music on overall well-being are really impressive讲的是音乐对整体健康的影响是非常令人印象深刻的，因此E选项切合题意，故选E。
（2020·北京·高考真题）Many people think that positive thinking is mostly about keeping one's head in the sand and ignoring daily problems, trying to look optimistic. In reality it has more to do with the way an individual talks to himself. Self-talk is a constant stream of thoughts of a person, who is often unaware and uncertain of some events, phenomena, people, or even the person himself.____6____Meanwhile, positive thinking can help to stop negative self-talks and start to form a positive view on an issue. People who regularly practise positive thinking tend to solve problems more effectively. They are less exposed to stress caused by external factors. They tend to believe in themselves and in what they do.
____7____People who think positively demonstrate increased life spans, lower rates of depression and anxiety, better physical and psychological health, reduced risks of death from heart problems. Positive thinking also contributes to one's ability to deal with problems and hardships.____8____For example, researchers have found that in the case of a crisis accompanied by strong emotions, such as a natural disaster, positive thinking can provide a sort of buffer against depression and anxiety. Resilient people who think positively tend to treat every problem as a challenge, a chance for improvement of any kind, or as an opportunity for personal growth. Pessimists, on the contrary, tend to perceive problems as a source of additional stress.____9____
In conclusion, positive thinking is a powerful and effective tool for dealing with hard times and improving the quality of one's life. It doesn't have anything to do with ignorant optimism when an individual refuses to notice a problem.____10____
Thinking in a positive, self-encouraging way brings about many benefits to one's physical and mental health.
A．It doesn't cause any severe emotional discomfort, either.
B．Negative self-talk damages self-confidence and decreases self-respect.
C．It helps one to remain clear-headed and confident in difficult situations.
D．Positive thinking has several beneficial effects on the body and the mind.
E．As thinking changes, an individual's behaviour and habits change as well.
F．They often offer a real alternative to the common and regular way of thinking.
G．They often feel discouraged long before trying to solve the problem, even if small.
【答案】6．B
7．D
8．C
9．G
10．A
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了积极思考对人产生的各种益处，同时将积极思考者与悲观主义者相比较，分析两种人的差异。积极思维是应对困难时期和提高个人生活质量的强大而有效的工具。
6．根据上文“Self-talk is a constant stream of thoughts of a person, who is often unaware and uncertain of some events, phenomena, people, or even the person himself.(自我对话是一个人持续不断的想法，他常常对一些事件、现象、人，甚至是他自己都没有意识和不确定)”以及后文“Meanwhile, positive thinking can help to stop negative self-talks and start to form a positive view on an issue.(同时，积极的思考可以帮助停止消极的自我对话，开始形成对一个问题的积极的观点)”由此可知，上文对自我对话进行了定义，后文则提到了积极的思考可以有助于停止消极的自我对话，可知本句是在说明消极的自我对话对人的不良影响。后文中negative self-talks可对应到B选项中Negative self-talk。故B选项“消极的自言自语会损害自信，降低自尊”符合语境，故选B。
7．根据后文“People who think positively demonstrate increased life spans, lower rates of depression and anxiety, better physical and psychological health, reduced risks of death from heart problems. Positive thinking also contributes to one's ability to deal with problems and hardships.(积极思考的人寿命更长，抑郁和焦虑率更低，身心更健康，死于心脏问题的风险更低。积极的思考也有助于一个人处理问题和困难的能力)”由此可知，后文提到了积极思考对人的益处，后文中People who think positively以及Positive thinking可对应到D选项中Positive thinking。故D选项“积极思考对身心有几个有益的影响”符合语境，故选D。
8．根据后文“For example, researchers have found that in the case of a crisis accompanied by strong emotions, such as a natural disaster, positive thinking can provide a sort of buffer against depression and anxiety.(例如，研究人员发现，当危机伴随着强烈的情绪时，比如自然灾害，积极的思考可以为抑郁和焦虑提供一种缓冲)”可知，后文举出的例子说明了积极思考可以让一个人在面临危机时，保持冷静。故C选项“它帮助一个人在困难的情况下保持头脑清醒和自信”符合语境，故选C。
9．根据上文“Resilient people who think positively tend to treat every problem as a challenge, a chance for improvement of any kind, or as an opportunity for personal growth. Pessimists, on the contrary, tend to perceive problems as a source of additional stress.(积极思考的、有韧性的人倾向于把每一个问题都看作是一个挑战，一个改进的机会，或者一个个人成长的机会。相反，悲观主义者倾向于将问题视为额外压力的来源)可知，上文在将积极思考者与悲观主义者相比较，本句应承接上文，进一步解释说明悲观主义者在解决问题时一些性格特点。上文Pessimists可对应到G选项中They。故G选项“他们常常在试图解决问题之前就感到气馁，即使是很小的问题”符合语境，故选G。
10．根据上文“In conclusion, positive thinking is a powerful and effective tool for dealing with hard times and improving the quality of one's life. It doesn't have anything to do with ignorant optimism when an individual refuses to notice a problem. (总之，积极思考是应对困难时期和提高个人生活质量的强大而有效的工具。当一个人拒绝注意到一个问题时，它与无知的乐观主义没有任何关系)”可知，本句承接上文进一步说明一个人拒绝注意到问题的影响，它与无知的乐观主义没有任何关系，也不会引起任何严重的情绪不适。故A选项“它也不会引起任何严重的情绪不适”符合语境，故选A。
（2019·北京·高考真题）Much of the work in today’s world is accomplished(完成) in teams. Most people believe the best way to build a great team is to gather a group of the most talented individuals. ___11___Companies spend millions hiring top business people. Is their money well spent?
___12___They focused on football, basketball and baseball. The results are mixed. For football and basketball, adding talented players to a team proves a good method, but only up to the point where 70% of the players are top talent; above that level, the team’s performance begins to decline. Interestingly, this trend isn’t evident in baseball, where additional individual talent keeps improving the team’s performance.
To explain this phenomenon, the researchers explored the degree to which a good performance by a team requires its members to coordinate(协调) their actions. ___13___In baseball, the performance of individual players is less dependent on teammates. They conclude that when task interdependence is high, team performance will suffer when there is too much talent, while individual talent will have positive effects on team performance when task interdependence is lower. If a basketball star is, for example, trying to gain a high personal point total, he may take a shot himself when it would be better to pass the ball to a teammate, affecting the team’s performance. Young children learning to play team sports are often told, “There is no I in TEAM.” ___14___
Another possibility is that when there is a lot of talent on a team, some players may make less effort. Just as in a game of tug-of-war(拔河比赛), whenever a person is added, everyone else pulls the rope with less force.
___15___ An A-team may require a balance--not just A players, but a few generous B players as well.
A．It’s not a simple matter to determine the nature of talent.
B．Sports team owners spend millions of dollars attracting top talent.
C．The group interaction and its effect drew the researchers’ attention.
D．Stars apparently do not follow this basic principle of sportsmanship.
E．Several recent studies examined the role of talent in the sports world.
F．Building up a dream team is more complex than simply hiring the best talent.
G．This task interdependence distinguishes baseball from football and basketball.
【答案】11．B
12．E
13．G
14．D
15．F
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。文章主要讲了建立一支最佳阵容球队比简单地雇佣最优秀的人才要复杂得多。一支一流球队可能需要一种平衡——不仅仅是最好球员，也需要一些有雅量的普通球员。
11．上文说“大多数人相信建立一个伟大团队的最好方法就是聚集一群最有天赋的个人”。下文说“公司花费数百万雇佣顶级商业人士。”该空承上启下，也是在举例，B选项“运动队老板花费数百万美元吸引顶尖人才。”切题，故选B。
12．下文说“他们专注于足球、篮球和棒球。结果有好有坏。”这些都属于体育方面，该空引出下文，E选项“最近的几项研究调查了体育世界中人才的作用。”切题，故选E。
13．上文说“为了解释这一现象，研究人员探索了一场好的表现要求队员们协调他们行动的程度”，下文说明了研究结果，该空承上启下，G选项“这项任务的相互依赖性使棒球区别于足球和篮球。”切题，故选G。
14．上文说了“一个球星为了个人得分，而影响团队的表现”，该空承接上文，D选项“球星显然没有遵守运动员精神的基本原则”切题，故选D。
15．下文说“一支一流球队可能需要一种平衡——不仅仅是最好球员，也需要一些有雅量的普通球员。”该空引出下文，F选项“建立一支最佳阵容球队比简单地雇佣最优秀的人才要复杂得多。”切题，故选F。

（2022·山西省长治市第二中学校模拟预测）How to go abroad and minimize your COVID-19 risk?
If you are desperate to go abroad, then what measures should you take?
“Vaccination (接种疫苗) is of great importance.____16____, I would take the view that you’re going to be pretty safe as long as you observe the usual, sensible rules,” says Anthony Costello at University College London.
The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) agrees.____17____. Travelers are advised to stay at least 1.8 meters away from the people they aren’t traveling with, wash their hands often and monitor their health for signs of illness, too.
You should also take “low risk” with a pinch of salt (有所保留).____18____. That means you have to quarantine (隔离).at home or in the place you are staying for 10 days when you arrive in England. Meanwhile, Portugal remains in the CDC’s “avoid all travel” category.
____19____ The US mainly looks at the number of new cases in the past 28 days. Decisions for England are based on broader risk assessments from the Joint Biosecurity Centre, including vaccination rates and circulating variants.
“It is hard to tell which method is right, and it isn’t unusual for two countries to look at the same data and come to opposite conclusions,” says Jeffrey Lazarus at the Barcelona Institute for Global Health in Spain, “Germany closed the border to the UK in the same week when Spain opened it.____20____.”
A．They clearly don’t have the same assessment
B．If you, re double vaccinated and you’re going to a low-risk area
C．These kinds of contradictions happen because countries apply different criteria
D．You may likely find you are engaging in both lower- and higher-risk behaviors
E．For instance, Portugal was on England’s green list. but soon it was moved to the brown list
F．So the reality is that we won’t face any risk of getting COVID-19
G．It advises travelers to low-risk countries to get fully vaccinated, wear a mask, and avoid crowds
【答案】16．B
17．G
18．E
19．C
20．A
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。本文作者主要就如何降低出国感染新冠的风险提出了几点建议，如接种疫苗、保持社交距离、戴口罩、留意不同国家的防疫政策等等。
16．
根据前句“Vaccination (接种疫苗) is of great importance” (接种疫苗很重要) 可知，此处主要强调疫苗的作用，B选项的 “If you, re double vaccinated and you’re going to a low-risk area”(如果你接种了加强针，那么你将进入低风险感染群体范畴)，与前句逻辑一致，故选B。
17．
根据后句“Travelers are advised to stay at least 1.8 meters away from the people they aren’t traveling with”(游客被建议与非旅游伙伴至少保持1.8米)可知，本段强调旅游时保持社交G选项的“It advises travelers to low-risk countries to get fully vaccinated, wear a mask, and avoid crowds”   (这个机构建议去低风险国家的游客要全面接种疫苗，佩戴口罩，避免拥挤人群)，提到与其他游客保持距离，拒绝近距离，与后句逻辑一致，故选G。
18．
根据空格后句“That means you have to quarantine (隔离) at home or in the place you are staying for 10 days when you arrive in England.”(那意味着当你抵达英国时，你不得不居家或在你呆的地方隔离十天)可知，此处谈论了英国的相关防疫政策，E选项的 “For instance, Portugal was on England’s green list. but soon it was moved to the brown list.”(比如，葡萄牙在英国的绿名单上，但是很快被移到了黄名单)，与后句语义逻辑一致，故选E。
19．
根据空格后句“The US mainly looks at the number of new cases in the past 28 days.”(美国主要看过去28天来的新增病例)可知，此处强调美国的特殊之处，C选项的“These kinds of contradictions happen because countries apply different criteria”(因为国家适用不同的标准，所以才会发生这种矛盾)，与后文列举的美国例子贴合，故选C。
20．
根据空格前句“Germany closed the border to the UK in the same week when Spain opened it”(德国关闭了去英国的边境，而西班牙开放了边境)可知，此处描述国家的不同做法，A选项“They clearly don’t have the same assessment.”(他们明显没有一样的评估结果)对这种做法予以评价，即国家的评估结果不同，故选A。
（2022·广东·一模）Technology is here to stay. ___21___. However, they are often unsure on how to help children use technology responsibly and keep a balance between online and offline time. Here are some tips.
Have a device contract
Having a device usage contract allows parents and children to work through what responsible technology usage looks like in your family and ensure that everyone is aware. ___22___. Kids are more likely to make sense of the reasons you have for restriction.
___23___
Although this tip seems like common sense, it is often difficult due to the demand of work and the expectation of being constantly connected. By ensuring you build offline time into your own day and communicate that with your children, they will see the value and benefits. Whether you are reading a book or just taking a walk, letting your children be aware of your offline actions will encourage them to do the same!
Encourage non-tech activities
One great way to keep kids off their screens is to ensure that they have other activities to fill their time. ___24___. These activities are also great ways to help children to develop their social skills and confidence.
Tech-free family time
Once a week, pencil-in a “tech-free family time” in your schedule. It can be a meal or trip. To help increase the success of outings, try designing special activities, i. e., going to the beach to build a sand castle that looks the same as a photo you have found online. ___25___
A．Model good technology use
B．Communicate with children
C．A little extra planning goes a long way
D．The contract is helpful to the settlement of conflicts
E．Parents are seeing more technology in their homes and jobs
F．Also, drafting the contract together promotes understanding
G．This can come in a variety of forms: soccer, fencing and more
【答案】21．E
22．F
23．A
24．G
25．C
【解析】
【导语】
这是一篇说明文。作者就家长如何帮助孩子负责任地使用技术，并在在线和离线时间之间保持平衡，提了几个建议。
21．
本段小标题“Technology is here to stay.”提到了技术无处不在。下文中的“However, they are often unsure on how to help children use technology responsibly and keep a balance between online and offline time.(然而，他们往往不确定如何帮助孩子负责任地使用技术，并在在线和离线时间之间保持平衡)”提到家长们不确定如何帮孩子，E选项“Parents are seeing more technology in their homes and jobs(家长们在家里和工作上看到更多的技术)”和下文一致，并且“Parents”和下文中的“they”是一致的。故选E。
22．
本段小标题是“Have a device contract(签订设备合同)”，上文“Having a device usage contract allows parents and children to work through what responsible technology usage looks like in your family and ensure that everyone is aware.(签订设备使用合同可以让父母和孩子了解家庭中负责任的技术使用情况，并确保每个人都知道)”是签订合同的好处之一。F选项“Also, drafting the contract together promotes understanding(此外，共同起草合同可以促进理解)”和上文是递进关系，意思上一致。故选F项。
23．
下文中的“By ensuring you build offline time into your own day and communicate that with your children, they will see the value and benefits. Whether you are reading a book or just taking a walk, letting your children be aware of your offline actions will encourage them to do the same!(通过确保你将离线时间融入自己的一天，并与你的孩子沟通，他们将看到其价值和好处。无论你是在看书还是只是散步，让你的孩子知道你的离线行为都会鼓励他们也这么做！)”可知，本段是在说父母给孩子展示技术在工作和生活中的应用。A选项“Model good technology use(示范良好的技术使用)”能概括本段，作为小标题。故选A项。
24．
本段小标题是“Encourage non-tech activities(鼓励非科技活动)”，上文“One great way to keep kids off their screens is to ensure that they have other activities to fill their time.(让孩子远离屏幕的一个好方法是确保他们有其他活动来打发时间)”提到让孩子远离屏幕的活动，G选项“This can come in a variety of forms: soccer, fencing and more(这可以有多种形式：足球，击剑和更多)”是一些具体的例子，意思和前文一致。故选G项。
25．
本段小标题是“Tech-free family time(无科技家庭时间)”，前文“To help increase the success of outings, try designing special activities, i. e., going to the beach to build a sand castle that looks the same as a photo you have found online.(为了提高郊游的成功率，可以尝试设计一些特别的活动，比如去海滩建造一座看起来和你在网上找到的照片一样的沙堡)”是说明在无科技家庭时间中父母的一些计划安排。C选项“A little extra planning goes a long way(一点额外的计划会大有帮助)”符合语境。故选C项。
（2022·辽宁·一模）5-Step Process to Improve Your Critical Thinking
Every day, a sea of decisions stretches before us. It’ s impossible to make a perfect choice. Critical thinking is one particularly effective technique to improve our chances. ___26___ But here’s one five-step process that may help you.
Formulate your question.
In other words, know what you’re looking for. For example, if you’re deciding whether to try out the newest diet craze, you approach the situation with a clear view of what you' re actually trying to accomplish by dieting.
___27___
There’s lots of it out there, so having a clear idea of your question will help you determine what’s relevant. Information gathering helps you weigh different options, moving you closer to a decision that meets your goal.
Apply the information.
___28___ “What concepts are at work?” “What assumptions exist?” “Is my interpretation of the information logically sound?”
Consider the implications.
Imagine it’s election time, and you’ve selected a political candidate based on their promise to make it cheaper for drivers to fill up on gas. At first glance, that seems great. ___29___ If gasoline use is less restricted by cost, this could also cause a huge surge in air pollution.
Explore other points of view.
Ask yourself why so many people are drawn to the policies of the opposing political candidate. This will help you make more informed decisions.
Critical thinking can give us the tools to sift through a sea of information and find what we’re looking for. ___30___
A．Gather your information.
B．Ask yourself when facing a decision.
C．There are many ways to improve our chances.
D．This isn’t always as straightforward as it sounds.
E．But what about the long-term environmental effects?
F．There are many different ways of approaching critical thinking.
G．If enough of us use it, it has the power to make the world a more reasonable place.
【答案】26．F
27．A
28．B
29．E
30．G
【解析】
【导语】
本文是说明文。文章主要介绍提高一个人的批判性思维能力的5个步骤。
26．
根据下文“But here’s one five-step process that may help you.”(但是，这里有5步可以帮助你。)可知，上文作者要提到有方法可以做到批判性思维。选项F“有许多不同的方法可以达到批判性思维。”和下文意思为转折关系。critical thinking是关键词。故选F。
27．
根据下文“Information gathering helps you weigh different options, moving you closer to a decision that meets your goal.”(信息收集帮助你权衡不同的选择，让你更接近一个符合你目标的决定。)可知，这一段作者建议要收集一些信息。选项A“收集你的信息。”为本段的标题。故选A。
28．
根据下文““What concepts are at work?” “What assumptions exist?” “Is my interpretation of the information logically sound?””(“什么概念在起作用？”“存在什么假设？”“我对信息的解释在逻辑上合理吗？”)可知，这里列举了许多的问题，所以作者是建议要提出问题。选项B“当面临决定时问你自己问题。”和下文意思一致。故选B。
29．
根据上文“At first glance, that seems great.”(乍一看，似乎很棒。)和下文“If gasoline use is less restricted by cost, this could also cause a huge surge in air pollution.”(如果汽油的使用不受成本的限制，这也会导致空气污染的大幅增加。)可知，上文提到汽油降价看起来很好，但是下文说的是从长远来看，汽油降价是有害的，所以中间需要过渡句。选项E“但是长期的环境影响怎么办？”和上下文意思连贯。故选E。
30．
根据上文“Critical thinking can give us the tools to sift through a sea of information and find what we’re looking for.”(批判性思维可以给我们一些工具，让我们从海量的信息中筛选出我们要找的东西。)可知，这里在最后一段作者总结了批判性思维的好处。选项G“如果我们足够多的人使用它，那么它将有能量让这个世界变成一个更加合情合理的地方。”和上文意思一致。故选G。
（2022·四川成都·二模）Good sportsmanship is one of the most important lessons that your kids can learn from competition. But how do you teach your kids good sportsmanship? Here are some tips.
Set a good example. The first role model that your kids will have in games is you. What behavior you model will have the biggest influence on your kids.____31____ By doing so, your kids will learn from you unconsciously and gain more popularity.
____32____The coach is always looking for the best decision for the good of the whole team.____33____Your kids may feel upset at first. But showing good sportsmanship means placing the team's needs above their own, so you should teach your kids to trust the coach’s judgement.
Remember you are the parent, not the coach. Your job as a parent is different from a job as a coach. As a parent, you are there to guide all of your kids' experiences and not focus on demanding performance. However, if you see a coach demanding too much, speak up. ____34____
Maintain a good attitude to both winning and losing. Good sportsmanship also requires a positive attitude to both the victory and the defeat. Pushing your kids too hard may drive them to quit.____35____ It's also a good idea to find positive plays to talk about and discuss lessons to be learned after.
A．Teach your kids to put teams first.
B．Tell your kids to listen to the coach.
C．However, finding a good role model is not an easy job.
D．After all, you are also an advocate for your kids if needed.
E．This means the role of your kids may be reduced or changed.
F．You need to be nice to all people on the court, even the opponents.
G．Instead, whatever the results are, always tell them you are proud of them.
【答案】31．F
32．B
33．E
34．D
35．G
【解析】
【导语】
这是一篇说明文。良好的体育精神是你的孩子可以从竞争中学到的最重要的课程之一。 文章主要就如何教会你的孩子拥有良好的体育精神提出了一些建议。   
31．
根据上文“Set a good example. The first role model that your kids will have in games is you. What behavior you model will have the biggest influence on your kids.(树立一个好榜样。你的孩子在游戏中的第一个榜样就是你自己。你所模仿的行为将对你的孩子产生最大的影响)”以及后文“By doing so, your kids will learn from you unconsciously and gain more popularity.(通过这样做，你的孩子会在不知不觉中向你学习，并获得更多的人气)”可知，上文提到了榜样作用对孩子的影响，推测本句是在说明具体怎么做：对球场上的所有人友善，甚至是对手，与后文获得人气相呼应。F选项“你需要对球场上的所有人友善，甚至是对手”符合语境，故选F。
32．
根据后文“The coach is always looking for the best decision for the good of the whole team.(教练总是在寻找对全队有利的最佳决策)”可知，后文提到了教练的作用，可见要听教练的话，B选项中coach对应后文中coach。B选项“告诉你的孩子听教练的话”符合语境，故选B。
33．
根据上文“The coach is always looking for the best decision for the good of the whole team.(教练总是在寻找对全队有利的最佳决策)”以及后文“Your kids may feel upset at first.(你的孩子一开始可能会感到不安)”可知，后文提到了孩子一开始感到不安，可见本句是在说明教练采取了对孩子不利的决策，E选项“这意味着你的孩子的角色可能会减少或改变”符合语境，故选E。
34．
根据上文“Remember you are the parent, not the coach. Your job as a parent is different from a job as a coach. As a parent, you are there to guide all of your kids' experiences and not focus on demanding performance. However, if you see a coach demanding too much, speak up.(记住，你是家长，而不是教练。你作为父母的工作与作为教练的工作是不同的。作为一名家长，你要引导孩子的所有经历，而不是关注苛刻的表现。然而，如果你看到教练要求太多，那就大声说出来)”可知，上文提到如果看到教练有太多要求，要大声说出来，本句为本段最后一句，应承接上文说明原因：你也是你孩子的支持者。D选项“毕竟，如果需要的话，你也是你孩子的支持者”符合语境，故选D。
35．
根据上文“Maintain a good attitude to both winning and losing. Good sportsmanship also requires a positive attitude to both the victory and the defeat. Pushing your kids too hard may drive them to quit.(无论输赢，都要保持良好的心态。良好的体育精神也需要对胜利和失败都有积极的态度。把你的孩子逼得太紧可能会让他们放弃)”可知，上文强调了良好的体育精神也需要对胜利和失败都有积极的态度，把你的孩子逼得太紧可能会让他们放弃，本句与上文构成转折，指出不能太过强调输赢的结果，重在支持孩子，G选项“相反，无论结果如何，总是告诉他们你为他们感到骄傲”符合语境，故选G。
（2022·安徽合肥·二模）Boosting your emotional intelligence quotient, or EQ, involves identifying and managing your own emotions, as well as evaluating and controlling the way in which you react to those of others. ____36____ It can also improve your relationships with loved ones and your social interactions. Here are some tips you can use to start improving your EQ.
● Identify your emotions.
Identifying your emotions takes practice and is an important foundational step in building emotional intelligence. Regularly recognizing and naming your emotions throughout the day is a good way to develop your EQ. ____37____ You could even go a step further, and try to determine how the presence of certain emotions affects your behavior and productivity.
● Consider your response.
____38____ Taking responsibility for the way you behave towards others and, possibly even more importantly, how you treat yourself, is a crucial aspect of emotional intelligence.
● ____39____
Empathy is a cornerstone of EQ. It is defined as the ability to identify and share the thoughts, feelings or emotional state of another person. A little empathy goes a long way. It is important to demonstrate empathy towards people other than just those with whom you find it easy to get along.
● Listen actively.
Engage in the moment and acknowledge what other people are saying. ____40____ Active listening involves asking open-ended questions such as ‘When?’ ‘How?’ ‘Do you mean...?’ or ‘Could you tell me a bit more about that?’. Active listening also calls for avoiding questions that would get only a ‘yes’ or ‘no’ response.
Developing your emotional intelligence can not only help you reduce your stress, but also leave you with more time to connect with, and continuously improve your relationships with, those around you.
A．Show your care.
B．Put yourself in other people’s shoes.
C．You just don’t know what they might be going through.
D．You must remember you can choose how you react to a situation.
E．Besides, trying to identify exactly what you are feeling can do the trick.
F．Try to avoid just waiting for your turn to talk about yourself and your story.
G．Exploring and improving these skills can help you to succeed in your career.
【答案】36．G
37．E
38．D
39．B
40．F
【解析】
【导语】
这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了提高情商的一些方法。
36．
由上文“Boosting your emotional intelligence quotient, or EQ, involves identifying and managing your own emotions, as well as evaluating and controlling the way in which you react to those of others. (提高你的情商，它包括识别和管理你自己的情绪，以及评估和控制你对他人情绪的反应方式)”和下文“It can also improve your relationships with loved ones and your social interactions. (它还可以改善你与亲人的关系和你的社交互动)”可知，上文建议读者去提高情商技巧，下文说明培养情商的好处，由下文“also”可知，该空也讲培养情商的好处，承接上下文，G选项“探索和提高这些技能可以帮助你在职业生涯中取得成功。”切题。故选G项。
37．
由小标题“Identify your emotions (确定你的情绪)”，上文“Regularly recognizing and naming your emotions throughout the day is a good way to develop your EQ. (在一天中定期识别和命名你的情绪是发展你的情商的好方法)”和下文“You could even go a step further, and try to determine how the presence of certain emotions affects your behavior and productivity. (你甚至可以更进一步，尝试确定某些情绪的存在如何影响你的行为和工作效率)”可知，本段建议可以通过确定自己的情绪来提高情商，承接上下文，E选项“此外，试图准确地确定你的感受来达到目的。”呼应本段中心“确定你的情绪”。故选E项。
38．
由小标题“Consider your response (考虑一下你的反应)”和下文“Taking responsibility for the way you behave towards others and, possibly even more importantly, how you treat yourself, is a crucial aspect of emotional intelligence. (对自己对待他人的方式负责，可能更重要的是，对自己如何对待自己的方式负责，这是情商的一个关键方面)”可知，针对如何对他人负责和如何对自己负责，人是有不同的反应的，本段建议可以通过针对不同情况下的应对方式来提高情商，承接上下文，D选项“你必须记住，你可以选择如何应对一种情况。”切题。故选D项。
39．
该空概括小标题。由下文“Empathy is a cornerstone of EQ. It is defined as the ability to identify and share the thoughts, feelings or emotional state of another person. (同理心是情商的基石。它被定义为识别和分享他人想法、感受或情绪状态的能力)”和“It is important to demonstrate empathy towards people other than just those with whom you find it easy to get along. (重要的是要表现出对他人的同理心，而不仅仅是那些你觉得容易相处的人)”可知，下文讲人们可以通过拥有同理心（即对他人想法、感受或情绪状态有共情能力）来提高情商，换句话说，要设身处地为他人着想，承接下文，B选项“设身处地为他人着想。”切题。故选B项。
40．
由小标题“Listen actively (积极倾听)”，上文“Engage in the moment and acknowledge what other people are saying. (参与到当下，认可别人在说的东西)”和下文“Active listening involves asking open-ended questions such as ‘When?’ ‘How?’ ‘Do you mean...?’ or ‘Could you tell me a bit more about that?’. (主动倾听包括提出开放式问题，如‘何时？’‘怎么做？’‘你是说……？’或者‘你能再多告诉我一点吗？’)”可知，本段建议可以通过积极倾听来提高情商，积极倾听的重心在于听别人说，所以要避免以谈论有关自己的事为重心，承接上下文，F选项“尽量避免等待轮到你谈论自己和你的故事。”切题。故选F项。
（2022·浙江绍兴·二模）Everyone thinks they're great listeners. But the truth is that hearing isn’t necessarily listening, nor is it necessarily listening well. Listening is an art as well as a basic life skill that we are encouraged to practise and master.___41___
●Don't interrupt
___42___ To master the art of listening, you need to stop any good thoughts that come to mind and let the person say everything they need to say. Often times people simply need someone to talk to, not someone who will cut in and give their own thoughts and opinions.
●Practice active listening.
To understand better in communication, you can first practice active listening. The art of listening isn't simply about staying quiet 100% of the time, it's also about asking questions, which are for clarification or for further explanation, so that you can fully understand what the speaker is telling you. ___43___ You can also make noises that show you agree with what he person is saying such as “yes”, ‘'yeah", and “okay.”
●___44___
About 60-75% of our communication is accomplished without speaking. In order to know whether to encourage the speaker, or to open yourself more, it's essential to know what the person's body is saying. Do they display signs of discomfort? Are they cautious about you? Their body language tells a lot.
●Create a suitable environment.
It can be difficult to listen to another person when the TV is screaming, your phone is buzzing and there are thousands of cars passing by. ___45___ Also, when you indicate it would be good to “find a quiet place," you put importance in the person and what they say, and then you show care and consideration.
A．Listen to non-verbal communication.
B．Let the person speak without interruption.
C．Listen without forming responses in your mind.
D．Here's how to bring the vital life skill into your daily existence.
E．Additionally, it's important to hold back your negative judgments.
F．Another great way to show your understanding is to respond by nodding.
G．When you remove the distractions and find a quiet place it’s easier to listen attentively.
【答案】41．D
42．B
43．F
44．A
45．G
【解析】
【导语】
本文是一篇说明文。本篇主要向读者讲述了良好且有效的“倾听”的重要性，并为读者提供了成为合格倾听者的实践方法。
41．
根据上文“Listening is an art as well as a basic life skill that we are encouraged to practise and master.（听力是一种艺术，也是一种基本的生活技能，我们被鼓励去练习和掌握）”以及下文作者分类介绍了在日常生活中可以应用的各类倾听的方式方法。可知D项：Here's how to bring the vital life skill into your daily existence.（下面是如何将这一重要的生活技能运用到你的日常生活中）合乎题意。故选D。
42．
根据本小节标题“Don't interrupt（不要打断）”，可知本段强调的内容为不要在说话者说话时打断，而应耐心倾听完话者想要表达的意思。此句位于段首，起到概括和解释标题作用。B项：Let the person speak without interruption.（让对方说话时不要打断）概括和解释标题，合乎题意。故选B。
43．
根据下文“you can also make noises that show you agree with what he person is saying such as “yes”, ‘'yeah", and “okay.”（你也可以发出一些声音来表示你同意对方说的话，比如yes和okay）”中的“also”，我们可知设空处描述的情形也应为对某人的发言表示同意或肯定时做出的姿态，从而增进互动，表示理解。F项：Another great way to show your understanding is to respond by nodding.（另一种表示理解的好方法是点头回应）合乎题意。故选F。
44．
设空处概括本段内容，为本段小标题， 设空处与上下段的首句句式保持一致，即应是祈使句。根据下文“About 60-75% of our communication is accomplished without 大约60-75%的交流是在不说话的情况下完成的。为了知道是要鼓励说话者，还是更开放自己，有必要了解这个人的身体在说什么。根据下文“About 60-75% of our communication is accomplished without speaking. speaking. In order to know whether to encourage the speaker, or to open yourself more, it's essential to know what the person's body is saying.（大约60-75%的交流是在不说话的情况下完成的。为了知道是要鼓励说话者，还是更开放自己，有必要了解这个人的身体在说什么）”可知，作者阐述了倾听说话者肢体语言的重要性，也即话语本身以外的身体信号，从而判断倾听者应该采取怎样的方式更好地促进交流。A项：Listen to non-verbal communication.（倾听非语言交流）合乎题意。故选A。
45．
根据上文“It can be difficult to listen to another person when the TV is screaming, your phone is buzzing and there are thousands of cars passing by.（当电视发出刺耳的声音，你的手机嗡嗡作响，成千上万辆汽车驶过时，你很难去听别人说话）”可知，前文叙述了在嘈杂、混乱的环境中良好的倾听一般难以达成，而后文中的“find a quite place（找一个安静角落）”则应是原文再现。由此可推断出此空应为与嘈杂环境相对照，找到一个安静的地方，更有利于凝神倾听。G项：When you remove the distractions and find a quiet place it’s easier to listen attentively.（当你排除干扰，找到一个安静的地方，更容易专心倾听）合乎题意。故答案为G。

（2022·江西·模拟预测）Many people view life as a pyramid with those on the bottom serving those above them. They envy the people at the top, believing joy and happiness is obtained by being served. ____46____They passionately seek the top of the world's imaginary pyramid. They reach desperately for the money, fame or power that would seat them higher. Unluckily, they often don't realize their pursuits are misplaced until they have sacrificed many good gifts and simple joys along the way.
____47____We can live lives of less stress and less anxiety. We begin to feel more fulfilled and more alive. Living for others ends our need for a social rank. It becomes a great weight off our shoulders when we no longer seek power over others. Real joy is found not in being served, but in choosing to serve.
And experiencing this unexpected happiness and freedom is not as hard as some people think:
1.Open your eyes to the needs around you.____48____They are in your home, your neighborhood, and your workplace. The first, most important step is to simply notice them.
2.____49____Service to others costs something — sometimes money, sometimes time, sometimes reputation, and almost always energy. See the price, pay it anyway, and enjoy the return on investment.
3.Do not expect something in return. Remove what's-in-it-for-me question that motivates so many people today.____50____ And you will be repaid with joy and fulfillment in countless other ways.
A．Joyfully pay the price.
B．They decide to give in.
C．So they make every effort.
D．Many people enjoyed being served.
E．Help with no expectation of repayment.
F．People who need your help exist all around you.
G．We can say no to modern culture's games of promotion.
【答案】46．C
47．G
48．F
49．A
50．E
【解析】
【导语】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了通过服务他人来获得幸福感的方法。
46．
根据上文“Many people view life as a pyramid with those on the bottom serving those above them. They envy the people at the top, believing joy and happiness is obtained by being served.(许多人把生活看成是一个金字塔，底层的人为上层的人服务。他们羡慕上层的人，相信快乐和幸福是通过服务获得的)”以及后文“They passionately seek the top of the world's imaginary pyramid. They reach desperately for the money, fame or power that would seat them higher. Unluckily, they often don't realize their pursuits are misplaced until they have sacrificed many good gifts and simple joys along the way.(他们热情地追求世界想象中的金字塔的顶端。他们不顾一切地追求金钱、名誉或权力，以使自己获得更高的地位。不幸的是，他们往往没有意识到他们的追求错位，直到他们牺牲了许多好的礼物和简单的快乐)”可知，上文提到底层的人羡慕上层的人，于是尽一切努力追求成为金字塔的顶端，不顾一切地追求金钱、名誉或权力，故C选项“所以他们尽一切努力”符合语境，故选C。
47．
根据后文“We can live lives of less stress and less anxiety. We begin to feel more fulfilled and more alive. Living for others ends our need for a social rank. It becomes a great weight off our shoulders when we no longer seek power over others. Real joy is found not in being served, but in choosing to serve.(我们的生活可以少一些压力和焦虑。 我们开始感到更充实，更有活力。为他人而活会终结我们对社会等级的需求。当我们不再寻求凌驾于他人之上的权力时，它就不会成为我们肩上的一大负担。真正的快乐不在于被服务，而在于选择服务)”可知，本段的主旨在于提出当我们不再寻求凌驾于他人之上的权力时，它就不会成为我们肩上的一大负担，即建议我们不要总是追求向上晋升，对现代文化的晋升游戏说不。故G选项“我们可以对现代文化的晋升游戏说不”符合语境，故选G。
48．
根据上文“1.Open your eyes to the needs around you.(1.睁开眼睛看看你周围的需求)”以及后文“They are in your home, your neighborhood, and your workplace. The first, most important step is to simply notice them.(他们存在于你的家里，你的社区，你的工作场所。第一步，也是最重要的一步就是去注意他们)”可知，本段的主旨是注意周围人的需求，本句承接上文说明需要提供帮助的人就在身边，故F选项“需要你帮助的人就在你身边”符合语境，故选F。
49．
根据后文“Service to others costs something — sometimes money, sometimes time, sometimes reputation, and almost always energy. See the price, pay it anyway, and enjoy the return on investment.(为别人服务是要付出代价的，有时是金钱，有时是时间，有时是名誉，几乎总是需要精力。看到代价，无论如何付出，并享受投资回报)”可知，本段说明的是为别人服务要付出代价，且享受投资回报，即“愉快地付出代价”。A选项中the price对应后文中the price。故A选项“愉快地付出代价”符合语境，故选A。
50．
根据上文“Do not expect something in return. Remove what's-in-it-for-me question that motivates so many people today.(不要指望有什么回报。现在很多人都在问“我有什么好处”的问题)”以及后文“And you will be repaid with joy and fulfillment in countless other ways.(你会得到无数其他方式的快乐和满足)”可知，本段说明的是帮助别人不图回报，E选项中expectation对应上文中expect。故E选项“帮助别人不图回报”符合语境，故选E。
（2022·湖南·岳阳一中二模）Who do you count as your friends? From our BFF (best friend forever ) to a work mate, it’s good to have someone to chat with or offer comfort and support. ___51___
The recent separation we have had due to the corona-virus pandemic or covid-19 has made some of us question our friendships. We’ve fallen out of touch with friends and acquaintances, ___52___but do we actually have to arouse every relationship we once had? It might be time to take stock and think about who you kept in touch with, who you missed talking to, and who you didn’t. In short, maybe it's time to reset your list of real mates.
___53___ Writing for BBC Worklife, Bryan Lufkin says: “While people have known for years that friendships are unquestionably good for your health, experts say it’s only natural for acquaintances and even friends to fall by the wayside as time goes on—and it’s nothing to feel guilty about. ”
Of course, it can be hard to choose who’s in your friendship circle. This is what Suzanne Degges-White, professor of counselling at Northern Illinois University, calls our ‘friendscape’. She says, “in life, as we go through certain stages and ages, our attention shifts, and we want to be around people who are like us. ”
___54___ but we still need those special pals who’ve known us long term. These are friendships we invest time in. According to Robin Dunbar, a professor of evolutionary psychology at the University of Oxford, these are your inner circle of friends-your “shoulders to cry on” --___55___He adds that the friends that move away are mostly “friendships of convenience”. But the advice for maintaining a good friendship is to share how you feel with someone you trust - this can help strengthen your friendship as well as giving you both a chance to support each other.
A．and it may feel awkward,
B．So, changing friends is normal,
C．Friendship is good for your health,
D．There's no obligation (责任) to stay friends.
E．It is important to share with your friends.
F．and you have to see them at least once a week to keep them in that circle.
G．But when it comes to friendship, is it more important to have quantity or quality?
【答案】51．G
52．A
53．D
54．B
55．F
【解析】
【导语】
这是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了关于友谊的一些观点，包括要学会审视谁是自己真正的朋友，更换朋友是一种正常现象但是我们仍然需要一些陪伴自己很久的伙伴并去维持这种关系。
51．
上文“From our BFF (best friend forever ) to a work mate, it's good to have someone to chat with or offer comfort and support.(从我们的BFF(永远最好的朋友)到工作伙伴，有人聊天或提供安慰和支持是很好的。)”说明了有个人可以聊天或提供安慰和支持是件好事；根据第二段“In short, maybe it's time to reset your list of real mates”(简而言之，也许是时候重置你真正的朋友名单了)可知，我们需要去审视谁是我们真正的朋友，并不是数量越多越好，而是要寻找真正的朋友；G选项“但是说到友谊，数量和质量哪个更重要？”与上文构成转折关系，同时起到了引起下文的作用，符合题意。故选G项。
52．
上文“We’ve fallen out of touch with friends and acquaintances(我们与朋友和熟人失去了联系)”可知，我们已经与朋友和熟人失去了联系；下文“but do we actually have to arouse every relationship we once had?(但是我们真的需要唤醒我们曾经的每一段感情吗？)”以设问的形式提出是否需要唤起曾经拥有的每一段关系；根据设空前的逗号以及设空后的小写but可知，设空处是逗号结尾的选项；A选项“这可能会让你感到尴尬”以逗号结尾，且承接上文说明了失去联系导致的结果，同时与下文构成转折关系，符合题意。故选A项。
53．
下文“Writing for BBC Worklife, Bryan Lufkin says：’While people have known for years that friendships are unquestionably good for your health，experts say it's only natural for acquaintances and even friends to fall by the wayside as time goes on—and it's nothing to feel guilty about. ‘”说明了相识甚至是朋友之间的关系出现退步是很自然的，这没什么好内疚的；D选项“没有义务一定要继续做朋友”中的no obligation与后文的nothing to feel guilty相对应，stay friends与friends to fall by the wayside相对应，符合题意。故选D项。
54．
上文“She says, “in life，as we go through certain stages and ages, our attention shifts, and we want to be around people who are like us.”( 她说，“在生活中，当我们经历某些阶段和年龄时，我们的注意力会转移，我们想要和和我们一样的人在一起。”)”说明了在生活中，随着我们经历某些阶段和年龄，我们的注意力会转移，我们希望和自己相似的人在一起；下文“but we still need those special pals who've known us long term.”说明了我们仍然需要那些认识我们很久的特殊伙伴；B选项“所以，换朋友很正常”承接了上文，是对于上一段的结论性总结，同时与后文构成转折关系，符合题意。故选B项。
55．
上文“These are friendships we invest time in. According to Robin Dunbar, a professor of evolutionary psychology at the University of Oxford, these are your inner circle of friends-your ‘shoulders to cry on’( 这些友谊是我们投入时间获得的。根据牛津大学进化心理学教授Robin Dunbar的说法，这些是你朋友的核心圈子，你可以依靠的肩膀)”说明了我们的核心朋友圈是我们投入了时间的，是我们可以依靠的；根据设空前的破折号可知，设空处是对前文的进一步解释；F选项“你每周至少要见他们一次，才能把他们留在圈子里”中的see them at least once a week与上文的invest time相对应，是对上文的进一步说明，符合题意。故选F项。
（2022·广西广西·模拟预测）In Halloween, children put on costumes and walk around the neighborhood. They ring doorbells and ask for treats. The custom of trick-or-treating has become popular in recent years. ____56____
Today I Found Out showed that the custom began with a Celtic tradition. It celebrated the end of the year by dressing up as evil spirits. Here is what the Celts believed. As we move from one year to the next, the dead and the living would overlap (重叠). Demons (恶魔)would wander the earth again. ____57____ You might come across a real demon wandering the Earth. If you were dressed up, they would think you were one of them.
____58____ They turned the demon dress-up party into “All Hallows Eve”, “All Soul’s Day” and “All Saints Day”. They had people dress up, such as saints and angels, but there were some people who still dressed as demons.
As for the trick-or-treating traditions, they began in the Middle Ages. Children would dress up in the costumes, sometimes poor adults did too. During Halloween, they would go around door to door, singing and praying in order to get food or money. ____59____ The children were then called “soulers”.   
The earliest quotation of “trick or treat” in print was from the Calgary Herald, 3rd November, 1927. “Halloween came and went. ...The greatest activity was manifested by the very young, who wandered in droves from door to door, heavily disguised and demanding “trick or treat”. ____60____ ”
A．To treat was to be untracked.
B．But do you know where it started?
C．People dress up on Halloween to beg for food.
D．Dressing up as demons was a defense mechanism.
E．Then Catholicism was trying to change the custom.
F．Children sing and pray in exchange for food or money.
G．They were often said to be on behalf of the dead, which was called “souling”.
【答案】56．B
57．D
58．E
59．G
60．A
【解析】
【导语】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了万圣节“不给糖就捣蛋”这一习俗的起源和万圣节背后的历史。
56．
根据上文“The custom of trick-or-treating has become popular in recent years.(近些年来，“不给糖就捣蛋”的习俗变得很流行)”和下文对万圣节人们把自己打扮成鬼怪的起源的介绍可知，空处应承上启下，询问读者知道这个习俗起源于哪儿。B项“但你知道它是从哪里开始的吗?”符合题意，开启下文。故选B。
57．
根据上文“It celebrated the end of the year by dressing up as evil spirits. Here is what the Celts believed. As we move from one year to the next, the dead and the living would overlap (重叠). Demons (恶魔) would wander the earth again.(它通过装扮成邪恶的灵魂来庆祝年末。以下是凯尔特人的信仰。随着时间的推移，死者和生者会重叠在一起。恶魔又会在地球上游荡)”和下文“If you were dressed up, they would think you were one of them.(如果你盛装打扮，它们会以为你是他们中的一员)”可知，人们恶魔会在年末时来到地球游荡，而打扮成邪恶灵魂的样子可以让恶魔误认为你是它们中的一员。由此可知，装扮成邪恶的灵魂是一种防御的方法。D项“装扮成恶魔是一种防御机制”符合题意。故选D。
58．
根据下文“They turned the demon dress-up party into “All Hallows Eve”, “All Soul’s Day” and “All Saints Day”.(他们把魔鬼装扮派对变成了“万圣夜”、“万灵节”和“万圣节”)”中的turned推知，有人想要改变以前的装扮派对。E项“后来天主教试图改变这一习俗”符合题意，选项中的change呼应下文的turn。故选E。
59．
根据上文“During Halloween, they would go around door to door, singing and praying in order to get food or money. (在万圣节期间，他们会挨家挨户地串门，唱歌和祈祷，以获得食物或钱)”以及下文“The children were then called “soulers”.(这些孩子被称为“灵魂者”)”可知，孩子们在万圣节会挨家挨户祈求食物或钱，小孩被称为“灵魂者”。由此可知，空处应陈述被要来的食物或钱被称为什么。G项“人们常说它们代表着死者，这被称为‘亡灵’。”符合题意，选项中的they指代上文的food or money，而souling呼应下文的souler。故选G。
60．
空处位于文末，应承接上文。根据上文“The greatest activity was manifested by the very young, who wandered in droves from door to door, heavily disguised and demanding ‘trick or treat’.(最活跃的是年幼的孩子，他们成群结队地挨家挨户溜达，伪装得很好，要求“不给糖就捣蛋”)”推知，下文陈述小孩子们要求得到糖的原因。A项“给了糖就不会被恶魔跟着”符合题意。故选A。
（2022·广东广州·一模）How does it feel when you solve your problem by yourself? Things may not always go as planned, but being resourceful can help you stay calm and work your way out of tricky situations.
Being resourceful means finding smart and creative ways to solve a problem, using whatever resources you have at the time. ____61____ They can also be anything else that’s useful, such as information, advice or your own experience. It also means trusting your instincts, the ability you’re born with, rather than through training and being confident about your ability to face challenges. A resourceful person is not the one getting cross or panicking when something goes wrong. They’re thinking about how to solve the problem.
_____62_____ when we learn to problem solve for ourselves rather than immediately going to others for help, it can help to build our confidence, help us feel more independent, and feel better about making decisions. Being resourceful may not help you avoid problems, but thinking creatively about how you can deal with them will make you feel less stressed and more prepared next time. _____63_____ This can boost self-esteem, that is, how you feel about yourself.
When you’re facing a challenge, try to focus on the actual problem rather than how you feel about it. Think about where and when it happened and what the causes are. Next, think up as many solutions to the problem as you can. ____64____ Finally, review what has and hasn’t worked, so you’re equipped to deal with a situation next time.
And remember, if you have a tricky problem that you’re unable to solve, then ask a trusted adult for help.   ____65____
A．You also learn what you’re good at.
B．Here is how you can be more resourceful.
C．These may be practical things like pens and paper.
D．No one is expected to solve all problems by themselves.
E．Resourcefulness is a skill that’s good for you in lots of ways.
F．They can be famous mottos that always inspire us to move on.
G．Weigh up what’s good and bad about each one and choose the best.
【答案】61．F
62．E
63．A
64．G
65．D
【解析】
【导语】
这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了遇到棘手的问题时的应对方法，要足智多谋，随机应变。
61．
根据上一句“Being resourceful means finding smart and creative ways to solve a problem, using whatever resources you have at the time.(足智多谋的意思是找到聪明和创造性的方法来解决问题，利用你目前所拥有的任何资源)”和下文“They can also be anything else that’s useful, such as information, advice or your own experience. （它们也可以是任何其他有用的东西，例如信息、建议或您自己的经验。）”上文提到可以使用拥有的任何资源，下文提到“也可以是其他有用的东西”可知，设空处需要第一次例举这些有用的东西。结合选项可知，选项F.They can be famous mottos that always inspire us to move on.(它们可以是激励我们继续前进的著名格言。)承上启下，符合题意；此处they和空后they指代相同。故选F。
62．
挖空处在段首，有可能是段落的主旨句。而后面“…it can help to build our confidence, help us feel more independent, and feel better about making decisions.(它可以帮助我们建立信心，帮助我们感到更独立，在做决定时感觉更好)”及“Being resourceful may not help you avoid problems, but thinking creatively about how you can deal with them will make you feel less stressed and more prepared next time.(足智多谋或许不能帮助你避免问题，但创造性地思考如何处理问题会让你感觉压力更小，下次准备更充分)”主要说的是“being resourceful”带来的好处， E选项意思就是resourcefulness 能带来很多好处。故选E。
63．
该段首句说的是“being resourceful”会对你有好处，前面两句“…it can help to build our confidence, help us feel more independent, and feel better about making decisions.(...它可以帮助我们建立信心，帮助我们感到更独立，在做决定时感觉更好)”及“Being resourceful may not help you avoid problems, but thinking creatively about how you can deal with them will make you feel less stressed and more prepared next time.(足智多谋或许不能帮助你避免问题，但创造性地思考如何处理问题会让你感觉压力更小，下次准备更充分)”具体列举了“being resourceful”带来的好处，A选项：你还能知道你所擅长的是什么，对自己更加了解，也契合下一句“This can boost self-esteem, that is, how you feel about yourself.这能提高自尊心。这是又一个好处，A项最符合语境。故选A。
64．
该段在讨论遇到困难时，要专注于问题本身，并列出了具体的步骤。上一句“Next, think up as many solutions to the problem as you can.(接下来，想出尽可能多的方法来解决问题)”讲的是“尽可能多地想出一些解决措施”，G选项：然后衡量它们的好坏，选出最佳的一个，其中them指代上一句solutions，G项填到此处最合适。故选G。
65．
上一句“And remember, if you have a tricky problem that you’re unable to solve, then ask a trusted adult for help.(记住，如果你有一个棘手的问题，你无法解决，然后向一个值得信任的成年人寻求帮助)”表示自己实在解决不了，你还可以求助其他人，D选项意为“没有人是被期望要独自解决所有问题的”，与上文意义一致。故填D。