专题1 阅读理解 考法01 细节理解-备战2022年高考英语精选考点专项突破

这是一份专题1 阅读理解 考法01 细节理解-备战2022年高考英语精选考点专项突破，文件包含专题1阅读理解考法01细节理解解析卷---备战2022年高考英语精选考点专项突破doc、专题1阅读理解考法01细节理解原题卷---备战2022年高考英语精选考点专项突破doc等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共59页， 欢迎下载使用。
专题1 阅读理解 考法01 细节理解
备战2022年高考英语精选考点专项突破
细节理解题
细节理解题主要考查考生对阅读材料中某一特定细节或文章的主要事实的理解能力。题干常考查的六大信息有5个W，即When, Where, who,What,Why和1个H,即How。高考对英语篇章中事实细节的考查主要分为两种情况：
一是直接细节类，其答案几乎可以直接从原文中找出来，考生只要根据题干中的关键词与原文进行对照，就能找到答案；
二是隐含细节类，这类题虽然不能直接从原文中找到对应的词或短语，但考生可以根据文章的隐含意义，如原因、前提或结果等仔细推敲，得出正确答案。细节理解题的常见设问方式有：
①、Which of the following best characterizes the main feature of...?
②、Which of the following maps/diagrams gives the right position of... /relationship of...?
③、Which of the following maps shows the right way to...?
④、Which of the drawings below gives an idea of what... is like?
⑤、According to the passage, who/what/which/when/where/why/
⑥、how/how many/how much/how long/how soon/how often...?
常见的干扰项特点
细节理解题一般针对原文中某个细节、某句话或某部分的具体内容设置问题，但干扰项也包含文章中的某个细节。不过请考生一定要注意，干扰项中的细节不符合解答题目所需要的文章细节，也就是说，两种细节不匹配。这就要求考生答题时一定要仔细、认真核实，以免造成失误，留下遗憾。
干扰1 扩缩范围
有时原文中的核心词在题中作为选项时，其原文中的限定词被人为地去掉或替换，使选项貌似正确，从而对考生造成很大的干扰。
干扰2 主观臆断
有时考生在作出选择时，不是依据原文息进行正确的理和推断，而是主观想象或凭空推测事实上文中并未涉及，也不能确定推断的合理性。这种情况在考生中非常普遍，尤其对一些理解能力偏低、词汇掌握不足的学生来说，应特别注意。
干扰3 张冠李戴
这种情况发生在两方面：一方面是考生身上，即考生错误地把发生在此者身上的事情理解为发生在彼者身上的事情，从而造成误选；另方面是在题目的设置上，即试题中的某些选项中会故意混淆两者的信息，使考生在思路不清晰的情况下误判。
干扰4 无中生有
有时考生会感觉试题中的信息说得很有道理，从而作出选择。但细心的学生会发现，这种信息再正确，也不能从文中找到其对应的词句，也不能推断其合理性。实这种信息只不过是无中生有，所以考生要头脑清醒，大胆舍弃。
常用的解题方法
方法1 题干定位法
所谓题干定位法，就是解题之前要先看题目，根据题中所提的信息确定关键词，然后带着问题快速地浏览原文，运用略读( skimming)的技巧方法迅速锁定与who, what, when, where等问题有关的细节关键词，确定题目考查范围，准确理解，作出选择。对于广告、演出信息、讲座安排等阅读题目，“题干定位
法”会帮助考生得到事半功倍的效果。
[全国Ⅱ 2020·A] Dove Cottage& The Wordsworth Museum
Discover William Wordsworth's inspirational home. Take at our of his Lakeland cottage, walk through his hillside garden and explore the riches of the collection in the Museum. Visit the shop and relax in the cafe. Exhibitions, events and family activities throughout the year.
Open: Daily, 09. 30-17.30 (last admission 17.00).
Town: Grasmere
23. Where should visitors go if they want to explore Wordsworth's life?
A. Penrith. B. Kendal. C. Carlisle. D. Grasmere
【解析】根据题干中的 Wordsworth's life可定位至Dove Cottage& The Wordsworth Museum部分。根据本部分中的Town: Grasmere可知，该博物馆位于格拉斯米尔，人们可以在这里探索华兹华斯的生平。故选D项。
方法2 “断章取义”法
带着问题，有针对性地扫读原文，迅速锁定相关词句或信息点，然后寻找相关的同义或反义表达，围绕主旨深刻理解材料。当问到what, when, which, where等具体信息时，往往有according to the author/ passage这样的限制语，回答时，一定要以文章所谈到的内容为依据，切忌凭自己的观点和经验去选择不符合文章内容的答案。
[全国Ⅲ 2020·C] Four years ago they all moved into a three-storey Victorian house in Bristol-one of a growing
number of multigenerational families in the UK living together under the same roof. They share a front door and a washing machine, but Rita Whitehead has her own kitchen, bathroom,bedroom and living room on the ground floor.
28. Who mainly uses the ground floor in the Victorian house in Bristol?
A.Nick. B. Rita. C.Kathryn D. The daughters.
【解析】根据本段中的 they all moved into a three-- storey Victorian house in Bristol but Rita Whitehead has her own kitchen, bathroom, bedroom and living room on the ground floor可知，丽塔居住在一楼，因此主要使用一楼的应是丽塔，故选B项。
方法3 首尾定位法
解答排序题时，可最先找出第一个和最后一个事件，快速缩小选择范围，从而迅速选出答案。另外，也可以先不看四个选项，而是先把所给的事件排序，然后与备选项进行对照；若有相同排序的选项则基本可定为答案，之后再进行检查。
On Thursday night, while Pina was babysitting her granddaughter, nephew and two nieces in her sister's apartment,she smelled smoke and realized the apartment building was on fire. When her 4-year-old granddaughter Garcia began saying,"We're going to die", she knew she had to act. Pina, first sealed the door, and then told all four children to lie on the floor. After calling 911, she told the children to start singing and promised them all treats as soon as they reached safety.
When Pina saw the fire, which is the right order of what she did according to Paragraph 2?
①told children to lie on the floor ②let children start singing ③sealed the door ④called 911
A.③①④② B.④③①② C.③④①② D.①③④②
【解析】根据本段中的Pina, first sealed the door,, and then told all four children to lie on the floor. After calling 911, she told the children to start singing..可知，皮纳首先封住门，接着让孩子们躺在地板上，之后报警，然后让孩子们开始唱歌。故选A项。
方法4 查读分析法
在处理数字计算题时，首先通读题干明确题目要求，然后迅速找到与之相关的数字，对其进行分析、整合，并结合题干计算出正确答案。
[全国Ⅱ 2020·A]
Dalemain Mansion Historic Gardens
History, Culture Landscape ) Discover and enjoy 4 centuries of history, 5 acres of celebrated and award-
winning gardens with parkland walk. Owned by the Hasell family since 1679, home to the International Marmalade
Festival. Gifts and antiques, plant sales, museums Mediaeval Hall Tearoom.
Open: 29 Mar-29 Oct, Sun to Thurs.
Tearoom, Gardens Gift Shop: 10:30-17.00(16:00 in Oct).
House: 11:15---16.00(15:00in 0ct)
Town: Pooley Bridge ＆Penrith
21. When is the House at Dalemain Mansion Historic Gardens open on Sundays in July?
A.09:30---17:30 B.10:30---16:00 C.11:15---16:00 D.12:00---16:30
【解析】根据题千中的 Dalemain Mansion& Historic Gardens可定位至文中介绍的第一个景点。根据Open部分中House的开放信息 House: 11:15-16:00(15:00 in Oct)).可知,3月到9月期间, House在周日到周四的开放时间为11:15--16:00。7月在这个时间段内,故选C项。
方法5 词语复现法
细节理解题的词语复现指的是：正确答案选项中的单词或短语与原文中的单词或短语构成一种重复出现的关系，可分为：同义词复现、反义词复现同根词复现或原词复现。同义词和反义词复现指选项中用与原文具有相同意义或相反意义的单词或短语来表达相同或相反意思的复现形式：同根词复现是指词根相同、意义相似的单词在选项中的复现形式；原词复现是指同一单词或短语在选项中和阅读材料中同时出现。运用复现策略解题时，首先要定位与问题相关的句子，然后观察和分析该句子前后的句子是否符合复现的情况。
[全国2020·C] As a result, she says, some of the injuries associated with running, such as runner's knee, are
uncommon among race walkers. But the sport's strange form does place considerable stress on the ankles and hips, so people with a history of such injuries might want to be cautious in adopting the sport. In fact, anyone wishing to try race walking should probably first consult a coach or experienced racer to learn proper technique, she says. It takes some practice.
29. What advantage does race walking have over running?
A. It's more popular at the Olympics. B. It's less challenging physically.
C. It's more effective in body building. D. It's less likely to cause knee injuries.
【解析】根据本段第一句中的 some of the injuries associated with running, such as runner's knee, are uncommon among race walkers可知，跑步时常见的膝盖受伤在竞走者中是很少见的。由此可知，这是竞走相对于跑步而言的一个优势。故选D项。
真题题组 滚动训练
A组
Passage 1 （2021·全国高考真题）
If you ever get the impression that your dog can "tell" whether you look content or annoyed, you may be onto something. Dogs may indeed be able to distinguish between happy and angry human faces, according to a new study
Researchers trained a group of 11 dogs to distinguish between images(图像)of the same person making either a happy or an angry face. During the training stage, each dog was shown only the upper half or the lower half of the person's face. The researchers then tested the dogs' ability to distinguish between human facial expressions by showing them the other half of the person's face on images totally different from the ones used in training. The researchers found that the dogs were able to pick the angry or happy face by touching a picture of it with their noses more often than one would expect by random chance.
The study showed the animals had figured out how to apply what they learned about human faces during training to new faces in the testing stage. "We can rule out that the dogs simply distinguish between the pictures based on a simple cue, such as the sight of teeth," said study author Corsin Muller. "Instead, our results suggest that the successful dogs realized that a smiling mouth means the same thing as smiling eyes, and the same rule applies to an angry mouth having the same meaning as angry eyes."
"With our study, we think we can now confidently conclude that at least some dogs can distinguish human facial expressions," Muller told Live Science.
At this point, it is not clear why dogs seem to be equipped with the ability to recognize different facial expressions in humans. "To us, the most likely explanation appears to be that the basis lies in their living with humans, which gives them a lot of exposure to human facial expressions," and this exposure has provided them with many chances to learn to distinguish between them, Muller said.
1．The new study focused on whether dogs can_________.
A．distinguish shapes B．make sense of human faces
C．feel happy or angry D．communicate with each other
2．What can we learn about the study from paragraph 2?
A．Researchers tested the dogs in random order. B．Diverse methods were adopted during training.
C．Pictures used in the two stages were different D．The dogs were photographed before the lest.
3．What is the last paragraph mainly about?
A．A suggestion for future studies. B．A possible reason for the study findings.
C．A major limitation of the study D．An explanation of the research method.
【答案】
1．B 2．C 3．B
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。一项研究证明狗能够识别人类的面部表情，但目前还不清楚它们为什么有这种能力，可能的原因是它们长时间与人类共同生活。
1． 细节理解题。根据第二段的“Researchers trained a group of 11 dogs to distinguish between images of the same
person making either a happy or an angry face.(研究人员训练了11只狗来区分同一个人脸上的表情是高兴还是愤怒)”可知，该新研究的关注点是狗是否能够区分人的面部表情。故选B。
2．细节理解题。根据第二段的“During the training stage, each dog was shown only the upper half or the lower half of the person’s face. The researchers then tested the dogs’ ability to distinguish between human facial expressions by showing them the other half of the person’s face or images totally different from the ones used in training.(在训练阶段，每只狗只看到人脸的上半部分或下半部分。研究人员随后测试了狗辨别人类面部表情的能力，向狗展示了人的另一半面部或与训练中使用的完全不同的图像)”可知，在训练和测试阶段，狗看的照片是不一样的。故选C。
3．主旨大意题。根据最后一段的““To us, the most likely explanation appears to be that the basis lies in their living with humans, which gives them a lot of exposure to human facial expressions, and this exposure has provided them with many chances to learn to distinguish between them” Muller said.(Muller说：“对我们来说，最可能的解释似乎是，基于他们与人类生活在一起，这让他们有很多机会接触人类的面部表情，而这种接触为他们提供了很多机会，让他们学会区分他们。”)”可知，最后一段主要讲述了狗能够辨别人类面部表情的可能原因。故选B。
Passage 2 （2021·全国高考真题）
Popularization has in some cases changed the original meaning of emotional (情感的) intelligence. Many people now misunderstand emotional intelligence as almost everything desirable in a person's makeup that cannot be measured by an IQ test, such as character, motivation, confidence, mental stability, optimism and “people skills.” Research has shown that emotional skills may contribute to some of these qualities, but most of them move far beyond skill-based emotional intelligence.
We prefer to describe emotional intelligence as a specific set of skills that can be used for either good or bad purposes. The ability to accurately understand how others are feeling may be used by a doctor to find how best to help her patients, while a cheater might use it to control potential victims. Being emotionally intelligent does not necessarily make one a moral person.
Although popular beliefs regarding emotional intelligence run far ahead of what research can reasonably support, the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful. The most positive aspect of this popularization is a new and much needed emphasis (重视) on emotion by employers, educators and others interested in promoting social well-being. The popularization of emotional intelligence has helped both the public and researchers re-evaluate the functionality of emotions and how they serve people adaptively in everyday life.
Although the continuing popular appeal of emotional intelligence is desirable, we hope that such attention will excite a greater interest in the scientific and scholarly study of emotion. It is our hope that in coming decades, advances in science will offer new perspectives (视角) from which to study how people manage their lives. Emotional intelligence, with its focus on both head and heart, may serve to point us in the right direction.
4．What is a common misunderstanding of emotional intelligence?
A．It can be measured by an IQ test. B．It helps to exercise a person’s mind.
C．It includes a set of emotional skills. D．It refers to a person’s positive qualities.
5．Why does the author mention “doctor” and “cheater” in paragraph 2?
A．To explain a rule. B．To clarify a concept.
C．To present a fact. D．To make a prediction.
6．What is the author’s attitude to the popularization of emotional intelligence?
A．Favorable. B．Intolerant.
C．Doubtful. D．Unclear.
7．What does the last paragraph mainly talk about concerning emotional intelligence?
A．Its appeal to the public. B．Expectations for future studies.
C．Its practical application. D．Scientists with new perspectives.
【答案】
4．D 5．B 6．A 7．B
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了情商的定义以及对有关于情商未来研究的期望。
4．细节理解题。通过文章第一段“Research has shown that emotional skills may contribute to some of these qualities (研究表明，情商技巧可能有助于这些品质的形成)”可知，情商指的并不是一个人的积极品质。故选D项。
5．推理判断题。通过文章第二段“The ability to accurately understand how others are feeling may be used by a doctor to find how best to help her patients, while a cheater might use it to control potential victims. (医生可能利用这种准确理解他人感受的能力来找到最好的帮助病人的方法，而骗子可能利用这种能力来控制潜在的受害者)”可推知，作者在文章第二段中提到“医生”和“骗子”是举例子来阐明下文的观点——情商高并不一定能使一个人成为有道德的人。故选B项。
6．推理判断题。通过文章第三段“the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful. …The popularization of emotional intelligence has helped both the public and researchers (宣传的总体效果一直是利大于弊。这种普及最积极的方面是雇主、教育者和其他对促进社会福利感兴趣的人对情感进行了新的、迫切需要的强调。情商的普及帮助了公众和研究人员)”可推知，作者认为情商普及是对人们有利的。故选A项。
7．推理判断题。通过文章最后一段“we hope that such attention will excite a greater interest in the scientific and scholarly study of emotion. It is our hope that in coming decades, advances in science will offer new perspectives from which to study how people manage their lives. (我们希望这种关注将激发人们对情感科学和学术研究的更大兴趣。我们希望在未来的几十年里，科学的进步将为研究人们如何管理自己的生活提供新的视角)”可推知，本段主要谈了对未来关于情商研究的期望。故选B项。
Passage 3（2021·全国高考真题）
When the explorers first set foot upon the continent of North America, the skies and lands were alive with an astonishing variety of wildlife. Native Americans had taken care of these precious natural resources wisely. Unfortunately, it took the explorers and the settlers who followed only a few decades to decimate a large part of these resources. Millions of waterfowl ( 水 禽 ) were killed at the hands of market hunters and a handful of overly ambitious sportsmen. Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever-increasing populations, greatly reducing waterfowl habitat.
In 1934, with the passage of the Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act (Act), an increasingly concerned nation took firm action to stop the destruction of migratory ( 迁徙的) waterfowl and the wetlands so vital to their survival. Under this Act, all waterfowl hunters 16 years of age and over must annually purchase and carry a Federal Duck Stamp. The very first Federal Duck Stamp was designed by J.N. “Ding” Darling, a political cartoonist from Des Moines, lowa, who at that time was appointed by President Franklin Roosevelt as Director of the Bureau of Biological Survey. Hunters willingly pay the stamp price to ensure the survival of our natural resources.
About 98 cents of every duck stamp dollar goes directly into the Migratory Bird Conservation Fund to purchase wetlands and wildlife habitat for inclusion into the National Wildlife Refuge System — a fact that ensures this land will be protected and available for all generations to come. Since 1934, better than half a billion dollars has gone into that Fund to purchase more than 5 million acres of habitat. Little wonder the Federal Duck Stamp Program has been called one of the most successful conservation programs ever initiated.
8．What was a cause of the waterfowl population decline in North America?
A．Loss of wetlands. B．Popularity of water sports.
C．Pollution of rivers. D．Arrival of other wild animals.
9．What does the underlined word “decimate” mean in the first paragraph?
A．Acquire. B．Export.
C．Destroy. D．Distribute.
10．What is a direct result of the Act passed in 1934?
A．The stamp price has gone down. B．The migratory birds have flown away.
C．The hunters have stopped hunting. D．The government has collected money.
11．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?
A．The Federal Duck Stamp Story B．The National Wildlife Refuge System
C．The Benefits of Saving Waterfowl D．The History of Migratory Bird Hunting
【答案】
8．A 9．C 10．D 11．A
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文。本文讲述了美国鸭票的故事，由于美国移民的大量流入，对于农地和住房的急需大量的水禽栖息地被破坏导致美国水禽骤减，因此美国发行了鸭票，狩猎者只有购买了鸭票才能狩猎，而鸭票的部分收入进入到了用于购买水禽栖息地的基金，从而保护了水禽。
8．细节理解题。根据第一段“Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever-increasing populations, greatly reducing waterfowl habitat.”可知，上百万公顷的湿地被抽干用作农地或者修建住房，极大地减少了水禽的栖息地，故可知，栖息地的减少导致了水禽数量的下降，故选A。
9．词义猜测题。根据前一句“Native Americans had taken care of these precious natural resources wisely.”可知，北美的土著人把这些珍贵的自然资源保护的很合理，本句中的“Unfortunately”可知，本句与上一句形成了转折，前一句陈述北美土著人做的好的地方，故可知，本句阐述移民者做的不好的地方，即移民者破坏了这些自然资源，故画线词意思是“破坏”。A. Acquire获得；B. Export出口；C. Destroy破坏；D. Distribute分配。故选C。
10．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Since 1934, better than half a billion dollars has gone into that Fund to purchase more than 5 million acres of habitat.”可知，自1934年起，超过5亿美元进入到了这个基金会，购买了超过500万公顷的水禽栖息地，故可以推出，通过发行鸭票，美国政府获得了大量的资金，故选D。
11．主旨大意题。根据全文可知，由于之前不恰当的发展导致美国水禽骤减，因此美国发行了鸭票，狩猎者只有购买了鸭票才能狩猎，而鸭票的部分收入进入到了用于购买水禽栖息地的基金，从而保护了水禽，故可知，本文讲述美国鸭票的故事，故选A。
Passage 4 （2021·全国高考真题）
We live in a town with three beaches. There are two parts less than 10 minutes’ walk from home where neighborhood children gather to play. However, what my children want to do after school is pick up a screen — any screen — and stare at it for hours. They are not alone. Today's children spend an average of four and a half hours a day looking at screens, split between watching television and using the Internet.
In the past few years, an increasing number of people and organisations have begun coming up with plans to counter this trend. A couple of years ago film-maker David Bond realised that his children, then aged five and three, were attached to screens to the point where he was able to say “chocolate” into his three-year-old son’s ear without getting a response. He realised that something needed to change, and, being a London media type, appointed himself “marketing director from Nature”. He documented his journey as he set about treating nature as a brand to be marketed to young people. The result was Project Wild Thing, a film which charts the birth of the World Network, a group of organisations with the common goal of getting children out into nature.
“Just five more minutes outdoors can make a difference,” David Bond says. “There is a lot of really interesting evidence which seems to be suggesting that if children are inspired up to the age of seven, then being outdoors will be on habit for life.” His own children have got into the habit of playing outside now: “We just send them out into the garden and tell them not to come back in for a while.”
Summer is upon us. There is an amazing world out there, and it needs our children as much as they need it. Let us get them out and let them play.
12．What is the problem with the author’s children?
A．They often annoy their neighbours. B．They are tired of doing their homework.
C．They have no friends to play with D．They stay in front of screens for too long.
13．How did David Bond advocate his idea?
A．By making a documentary film. B．By organizing outdoor activities.
C．By advertising in London media. D．By creating a network of friends.
14． Which of the following can replace the underlined word “charts” in paragraph 2?
A．records B．predicts C．delays D．confirms
15．What can be a suitable title for the text?
A．Let Children Have Fun B．Young Children Need More Free Time
C．Market Nature to Children D．David Bond: A Role Model for Children
【答案】
12．D 13．A 14．A 15．C
【分析】
本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了电影制作人David Bond为了让孩子们远离屏幕，拍摄自己的旅行，并将自然当作一个品牌，推销给年轻人。
12．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“However, what my children want to do after school is pick up a screen — any screen — and stare at it for hours. (然而，我的孩子们放学后想做的是拿起一个屏幕——任何屏幕——盯着它看几个小时)”可知，作者的孩子在屏幕前呆的时间太长了。故选D项。
13．细节理解题。根据第二段“He documented his journey as he set about treating nature as a brand to be marked to young people. (他记录了他的旅程，他开始把大自然当作一个品牌，让年轻人看到)”可知，David Bond通过拍一个纪录片宣传他的想法。故选A项。
14．词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“a film”可知，本句主语是一部电影，下文“the birth of the World Network (世界网络的诞生)”解释了这部电影的主旨。由此推知，划线词charts意为“记录、描绘”，与“records”意思一致。故选A项。
15．主旨大意题。根据第二段中的“He documented his journey as he set about treating nature as a brand to be marketed to young people. The result was Project Wild Thing, a film which charts the birth of the World Network, a group of organisations with the common goal of getting children out into nature. (他把自己的旅行记录下来，开始把自然当作一个品牌，推销给年轻人。其结果是Project Wild Thing，一部记录了World Network (世界网络)诞生的电影，World Network (世界网络)是以让孩子们接触大自然为共同目标的团体)”可推知，本文主要讲述了电影制作人David Bond为了让孩子们远离屏幕，拍摄自己的旅行，并将自然当作一个品牌，推销给年轻人。由此可知，C项Market Nature to Children(把自然推销给年轻人)适合作本文标题。故选C项。
B组
Passage 1（2020·江苏高考真题）
Sometimes it’s hard to let go. For many British people, that can apply to institutions and objects that represent their country’s past-age-old castles, splendid homes… and red phone boxes.
Beaten first by the march of technology and lately by the terrible weather in junkyards (废品场), the phone boxes representative of an age are now making something of a comeback. Adapted in imaginative ways, many have reappeared on city streets and village greens housing tiny cafes, cellphone repair shops or even defibrillator machines (除颤器).
The original iron boxes with the round roofs first appeared in 1926. They were designed by Giles Gilbert Scott, the architect of the Battersea Power Station in London. After becoming an important part of many British streets, the phone boxes began disappearing in the 1980s, with the rise of the mobile phone sending most of them away to the junkyards.
About that time, Tony Inglis’ engineering and transport company got the job to remove phone boxes from the streets and sell them out. But Inglis ended up buying hundreds of them himself, with the idea of repairing and selling them. He said that he had heard the calls to preserve the boxes and had seen how some of them were listed as historic buildings.
As Inglis and, later other businessmen, got to work, repurposed phone boxes began reappearing in cities and villages as people found new uses for them. Today, they are once again a familiar sight, playing roles that are often just as important for the community as their original purpose.
In rural areas, where ambulances can take a relatively long time to arrive, the phone boxes have taken on a lifesaving role. Local organizations can adopt them for l pound, and install defibrillators to help in emergencies.
Others also looked at the phone boxes and saw business opportunities. LoveFone, a company that advocates repairing cellphones rather than abandoning them, opened a mini workshop in a London phone box in 2016.
The tiny shops made economic sense, according to Robert Kerr, a founder of LoveFone. He said that one of the boxes generated around $13,500 in revenue a month and cost only about $400 to rent.
Inglis said phone boxes called to mind an age when things were built to last. “I like what they are to people, and I enjoy bringing things back,” he said.
1．The phone boxes are making a comeback ______.
A．to form a beautiful sight of the city B．to improve telecommunications services
C．to remind people of a historical period D．to meet the requirement of green economy
2．Why did the phone boxes begin to go out of service in the 1980s?
A．They were not well-designed. B．They provided bad services.
C．They had too short a history. D．They lost to new technologies.
3．The phone boxes are becoming popular mainly because of ______.
A．their new appearance and lower prices B．the push of the local organizations
C．their changed roles and functions D．the big funding of the businessmen
【答案】
1．C 2．D 3．C
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了在英国，电话亭在20世纪80年代开始停止使用。后来，一些商人使电话亭的角色和功能发生了变化，电话亭又变得流行起来。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段Sometimes it’s hard to let go. For many British people, that can apply to institutions and objects that represent their country’s past-age-old castles, splendid homes.. and red phone boxes.(有时候真的很难放手。对许多英国人来说，这可以适用于代表他们国家过去历史的机构和物品--古老的城堡、辉煌的住宅……还有红色的电话亭)和最后一段Inglis said phone boxes called to mind an age when things were built to last.(英格利斯说，电话亭让人想起了一个东西经久耐用的时代)可知，电话亭正在卷土重来，以提醒人们一个历史时期。故选C。
2．细节理解题。根据第三段After becoming an important part of many British streets, the phone boxes began disappearing in the 1980s, with the rise of the mobile phone sending most of them away to the junkyards.(在成为英国许多街道的重要组成部分后，电话亭在20世纪80年代开始消失，随着移动电话的兴起，大部分电话亭被扔到了垃圾场)可知，电话亭在20世纪80年代开始停止使用是因为它们输给了新技术。故选D。
3．推理判断题。根据第五段As Inglis and, later other businessmen, got to work, repurposed phone boxes began reappearing in cities and villages as people found new uses for them. Today, they are once again a familiar sight, playing roles that are often just as important for the community as their original purpose.(随着英格利斯和后来的其他商人开始工作，改装后的电话亭开始在城市和乡村重新出现，人们发现了它们的新用途。今天，它们再次成为人们熟悉的景象，扮演着与它们最初的目的同样重要的角色)和第六段In rural areas, where ambulances can take a relatively long time to arrive, the phone boxes have taken on a lifesaving role.(在农村地区，救护车要花相当长的时间才能到达，电话亭就起到了拯救生命的作用)以及第七段Others also looked at the phone boxes and saw business opportunities.(其他人也在电话亭寻找商机)可推断出，电话亭之所以变得流行，主要是因为它们的角色和功能发生了变化。故选C。
Passage 2（2020·海南高考真题）
Rain forests are home to a rich variety of medicinal plants, food, birds and animals. Can you believe that a single bush（灌木丛）in the Amazon may have more species of ants than the whole of Britain! About 480 varieties of trees may be found in just one hectare of rainforest.
Rain forests are the lungs of the planet-storing vast quantities of carbon dioxide and producing a significant amount of the world's oxygen. Rain forests have their own perfect system for ensuring their own survival; the tall trees make a canopy（树冠层）of branches and leaves which protect themselves, smaller plants, and the forest animals from heavy rain, intense dry heat from the sun and strong winds.
Amazingly, the trees grow in such a way that their leaves and branches, although close together, never actually touch those of another tree. Scientists think this is the plants' way to prevent the spread of any tree diseases and make life more difficult for leaf-eating insects like caterpillars. To survive in the forest, animals must climb, jump or fly across the gaps. The ground floor of the forest is not all tangled leaves and bushes, like in films, but is actually fairly clear. It is where dead leaves turn into food for the trees and other forest life.
They are not called rain forests for nothing! Rain forests can generate 75%of their own rain. At least 80 inches of rain a year is normal-and in some areas there may be as much as 430 inches of rain annually. This is real rain-your umbrella may protect you in a shower, but it won't keep you dry if there is a full rainstorm. In just two hours, streams can rise ten to twenty feet. The humidity（湿气）of large rain forests contributes to the formation of rain clouds that may travel to other countries in need of rain.
4．What can we learn about rain forests from the first paragraph?
A．They produce oxygen. B．They cover a vast area.
C．They are well managed. D．They are rich in wildlife.
5．Which of the following contributes most to the survival of rain forests?
A．Heavy rains B．Big trees. C．Small plants. D．Forest animals.
6．Why do the leaves and branches of different trees avoid touching each other?
A．For more sunlight. B．For more growing space.
C．For self-protection. D．For the detection of insects.
7．What can be a suitable title for the text?
A．Life-Giving Rainforests B．The Law of the Jungle
C．Animals in the Amazon D．Weather in Rainforests
【答案】
4．D 5．B 6．C 7．A
【分析】
本文是说明文。热带雨林被称为“世界上最大的药房”，因为超过25%的现代药物是由其植物提炼。热带雨林也享有“地球之肺”的美誉，因其植物的光合作用净化地球空气的能力尤为强大。仅亚马逊热带雨林产生的氧气就占全球氧气总量的1/3。
4．细节理解题。根据第一段Rainforests are home to a rich variety of medicinal plants, food, birds and animals.得知，热带雨林蕴藏了丰富多彩的药用植物、食物以及鸟禽猛兽。可知，热带雨林有丰富的野生动物，故选D。
5．细节理解题。根据第二段Rainforests have their own perfect system for ensuring their own survival; the tall trees make a canopy（树冠层）of branches and leaves which protect themselves, smaller plants, and the forest animals from heavy rain, intense dry heat from the sun and strong winds.得知，热带雨林有自己完美的生存体系，高大的树木有枝干，树叶的树冠层保护树木本身、小植物、动物们免受大雨和太阳强风带来的干燥热浪的伤害。可知，大树有助于热带雨林生存，故选B。
6．推理判断题。根据第三段Scientists think this is the plants' way to prevent the spread of any tree diseases and make life more difficult for leaf-eating insects like caterpillars.得知，科学家们认为这是植物阻止任何树木疾病扩散和让比如毛毛虫这种食用树叶的昆虫难以生存。可以判断出不同树木的树叶和树枝避免彼此触碰是为了自我保护，故选C。
7．主旨大意题。本文首先讲述了热带雨林蕴藏了丰富多彩的药用植物、食物以及鸟禽猛兽。其次，热带雨林就是地球的肺——它吸纳了大量的二氧化碳，并制造了全球氧气的很大部分。然后，雨林可以自我形成所需降雨的75%，而庞大的热带雨林湿气则可以形成雨云，这些雨云则可以飘往那些缺雨水的国家。可以判断出本文最佳标题是“给予生命的热带雨林”，故选A。
Passage 3（2020·北京高考真题）
For the past five years, Paula Smith, a historian of science, has devoted herself to re-creating long-forgotten techniques. While doing research for her new book, she came across a 16th-century French manuscript（手稿）consisting of nearly 1,000 sets of instructions, covering subjects from tool making to finding the best sand.
The author's intention remains as mysterious（神秘）as his name; he may have been simply taking notes for his own records. But Smith was struck mainly by the fact that she didn't truly grasp any of the skills the author described. "You simply can't get an understanding of that handwork by reading about it," she says.
Though Smith did get her hands on the best sand, doing things the old-fashioned way isn't just about playing around with French mud. Reconstructing the work of the craftsmen（工匠）who lived centuries ago can reveal how they viewed the world, what objects filled their homes, and what went on in the workshops that produced them. It can even help solve present-day problems: In 2015, scientists discovered that a 10th-century English medicine for eve problems could kill a drug-resistant virus.
The work has also brought insights for museums, Smith says. One must know how on object was made in order to preserve it. What's more, reconstructions might be the only way to know what treasures looked like before time wore them down. Scholars have seen this idea in practice with ancient Greek and Roman statues. These sculptures were painted a rainbow of striking colours. We can't appreciate these kinds of details without seeing works of art as they originally appeared-something Smith believes you can do only when you have a road map.
Smith has put the manuscript's ideas into practice. Her final goal is to link the worlds of art and science back together: She believes that bringing the old recipes to life can help develop a kind of learning that highlights experimentation, teamwork, and problem solving.
Back when science—then called “the new philosophy”—took shape, academics looked to craftsmen for help in understanding the natural world. Microscopes and telescopes were invented by way of artistic tinkering（修补）, as craftsmen experimented with glass to better bend light.
If we can rediscover the values of hands-on experience and craftwork, Smith says, we can marry the best of our modern insights with the handiness of our ancestors.
8．How did Smith, feel after reading the French manuscript?
A．Confused about the technical terms. B．Impressed with its detailed instructions.
C．Discouraged by its complex structure. D．Shocked for her own lack of hand skills.
9．According to Smith, the reconstruction work is done mainly to _____________.
A．restore old workshops B．understand the craftsmen
C．improve visual effects D．inspire the philosophers
10．Why does the author mention museums?
A．To reveal the beauty of ancient objects. B．To present the findings of old science.
C．To highlight the importance of antiques. D．To emphasise the values of hand skills.
11．Which would be the best title for this passage?
A．Craftsmen Set the Trends for Artists B．Craftsmanship Leads to New Theories
C．Craftsmanship Makes Better Scientists D．Craftsmen Reshape the Future of Science
【答案】
8．D 9．B 10．D 11．C
【分析】
本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述科学家Paula Smith致力于对古代手工技能的研究，认为科学家如果能够把古代的手工技能和现代的科学方法结合起来，就能够创造更大成就。
8．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“But Smith was struck mainly by the fact that she didn't truly grasp any of the skills the author described. "You simply can't get an understanding of that handwork by reading about it," she says.” 让史密斯震惊的主要是，她并没有真正掌握作者所描述的任何技能。她说:“你根本无法通过阅读来了解这些手工作品。” 由此可知读完这份法国手稿，这种手工技能让史密斯感到震惊，故选D。
9．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Reconstructing the work of the craftsmen（工匠）who lived centuries ago can reveal how they viewed the world, what objects filled their homes, ” 重建几个世纪前工匠的作品，可以揭示他们如何看待世界，他们的家里有什么物件。由此可知，重建工作主要是为了了解工匠。故选B。
10．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“The work has also brought insights for museums, Smith says. One must know how on object was made in order to preserve it. What's more, reconstructions might be the only way to know what treasures looked like before time wore them down.” 史密斯说，这项工作也给博物馆带来了深刻的见解。为了保存它，一个人必须知道一件物品是如何制成的。更重要的是，重建可能是唯一的方法，以了解宝藏磨损之前的样子。因此可知，博物馆要想很好保存物品，必须要知道这件物品是如何制成的，也是在强调手工技能的价值，故选D。
11．主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段“If we can rediscover the values of hands-on experience and craftwork, Smith says, we can marry the best of our modern insights with the handiness of our ancestors. ”史密斯说，如果我们能重新发现实践经验和工艺的价值，我们就能将现代的最好见解与我们祖先的灵巧结合起来。由此可知本文的中心思想就在于如果科学家能把古代的手工技巧同现代的理论结合起来，就能够获得更多的成就。C选项Craftsmanship Makes Better Scientists工艺造就了更好的科学家，符合文章主题，适合做标题，故选C。
Passage 4 （2020·全国高考真题）
Jenifer Mauer has needed more willpower than the typical college student to pursue her goal of earning a nursing degree. That willpower bore fruit when Jennifer graduated from University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire and became the first in her large family to earn a bachelor's degree.
Mauer, of Edgar, Wisconsin, grew up on a farm in a family of 10 children. Her dad worked at a job away from the farm, and her mother ran the farm with the kids. After high school, Jennifer attended a local technical college, working to pay her tuition(学费), because there was no extra money set aside for a college education. After graduation, she worked to help her sisters and brothers pay for their schooling.
Jennifer now is married and has three children of her own. She decided to go back to college to advance her career and to be able to better support her family while doing something she loves: nursing. She chose the UW-Eau Claire program at Ministry Saint Joseph's Hospital in Marshfield because she was able to pursue her four-year degree close to home. She could drive to class and be home in the evening to help with her kids. Jenifer received great support from her family as she worked to earn her degree: Her husband worked two jobs to cover the bills, and her 68-year-old mother helped take care of the children at times.
Through it all, she remained in good academic standing and graduated with honors. Jennifer sacrificed(牺牲)to achieve her goal, giving up many nights with her kids and missing important events to study. ''Some nights my heart was breaking to have to pick between my kids and studying for exams or papers,'' she says. However, her children have learned an important lesson witnessing their mother earn her degree. Jennifer is a first-generation graduate and an inspiration to her family-and that's pretty powerful.
12．What did Jennifer do after high school?
A．She helped her dad with his work. B．She ran the family farm on her own.
C．She supported herself through college. D．She taught her sisters and brothers at home.
13．Why did Jennifer choose the program at Ministry Saint Joseph's Hospital in Marshfield?
A．To take care of her kids easily. B．To learn from the best nurses.
C．To save money for her parents. D．To find a well-paid job there.
14．What did Jennifer sacrifice to achieve her goal?
A．Her health. B．Her time with family.
C．Her reputation. D．Her chance of promotion.
15．What can we learn from Jenifer's story?
A．Time is money. B．Love breaks down barriers.
C．Hard work pays off. D．Education is the key to success.
【答案】
12．C 13．A 14．B 15．C
【分析】
这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Jennifer在家里不能提供大学教育的情况下，通过自己的努力，以及家人的帮助完成了四年学位。她的努力不仅让自己以优异的成绩毕业，还给家人，尤其是她的三个孩子树立了榜样，让他们得到了激励。
12．细节理解题。根据第二段的After high school, Jennifer attended a local technical college, working to pay her tuition, because there was no extra money set aside for a college education.(高中毕业后，Jennifer上了一所当地的技术学院来支付她的学费，因为家里没有额外的钱用来支付大学教育)可知，高中毕业后Jennifer通过自己挣钱来完成大学教学，因为家里没有额外的钱。C. She supported herself through college.(她自食其力读完了大学)符合以上说法，故选C项。
13．细节理解题。根据第三段的She chose the UW-Eau Claire program at Misnistry Saint Joseph’s Hospital in Marshfield because she was able to pursue her four-year degree close to home. She could drive to class and be home in the evening to help with her kids.(她选择了位于马什菲尔德的圣约瑟夫医院的UW-Eau Claire项目，因为她可以在离家近的地方攻读四年的学位。她可以开车去上课，晚上可以回家照顾孩子)可知，Jennifer选择位于马什菲尔德的圣约瑟夫医院的UW-Eau Claire项目是因为离家近，这样便于照顾她的三个孩子。A. To take care of her kids easily.(为了方便照顾她的孩子)符合以上说法，故选A项。
14．细节理解题。根据最后一段的Jennifer sacrificed to achieve her goal, giving up many nights with her kids and
missing important events to study.(Jennifer为了实现自己的目标牺牲了很多，她放弃了很多个和孩子待在一起的晚上，错过了很多重要的活动)可知，为了实现自己的目标Jennifer放弃了和家人待在一起的时光。B. Her time with family.(她与家人的时光)符合以上说法，故选B项。
15．推理判断题。根据最后一段的Through it all, she reminded in good academic standing and graduated with honors.(虽然经历了这些，但她一直保持着良好的学术地位，并以优异的成绩毕业)和However, her children have learned an important lesson witnessing their mother earn her degree. Jennifer is a first-generation graduate and an inspiration to her family-and that’s the pretty powerful.(然而，她的孩子们在见证母亲获得学位的过程中得到了重要的一课。Jennifer是第一代毕业生，这对她的家庭来说是一种激励--这是非常强大的。)可知，Jennifer在艰苦的环境中通过自己的努力不仅以优异的成绩毕业，还给孩子树立了榜样，同时也让家人得到了激励。由此推测，我们可以从Jennifer的故事中学到:努力总会有回报。C. Hard work pays off.(努力会得到回报)符合以上说法，故选C项。
模拟强化 限时训练
A组
Passage 1（2021·北京高三二模） 限时：6'
Future City Competition
Future City starts with a question—how can we make the world a better place? To answer it, 10th, 11th, and 12th grade students imagine, research, design, and build cities of the future that showcase their solution to a citywide sustainability issue. Past topics include Urban Agriculture, Public spaces, and Green energy while the topic of this year is Living on the Moon. Teams will design a futuristic lunar city and provide examples of how the city uses Moon resources to keep its residents safe and healthy.
Participants complete five deliverables: a 1,500-word city essay: a scale model; a project plan; a presentation video; and a virtual/online Q&A session with /judges. Regional winners represent their region at the international Finals. After completing Future City, student participants are not only prepared to be citizens of today’s complex and technical world, but also ready to become the drivers of tomorrow.
What you can learn
This flexible, cross-curricular(跨课程的) educational program gives students an opportunity to do the things that engineers do-identify problems: brainstorm ideas; design solutions; test, retest and build; and share their results. With this at its center, Future City is an engaging way to build students’ 21st century skills. Students participating in Future City also learn how their communities work and become better citizens and develop strong time management and project management skills.
What you need
Future City costs just $25 per organization—and you can register I team or 100. The price always stays the same.
We keep the price affordable so everyone can participate. Not only that, we limit the budget for materials for the City Model and City Presentation to $100 and encourage teams to use recycled materials. You don’t need expensive equipment to excel. Creativity, hard work, and commitment are all you need to get ahead.
Please note: Some regions limit the number of teams an organization can bring to the Regional Competition. Please check with your Regional Coordinator to find out the guidelines in your region.
1．In Future City Competition 2021, students need to ________.
A．complete more than five tasks B．design a city with green energy
C．address problems on the moon D．make use of lunar resources
2．What lies at the core of Future City Competition?
A．Designing cities. B．Identifying problems. C．Training better citizens D．Engineering design process
3．If you want to succeed in the competition, you need ________.
A．to be creative and devoted. B．to use the recycled materials.
C．to buy some expensive equipment. D．to ask more people to join in your team.
【答案】
1．D 2．D 3．A
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了“未来城市竞赛”这一活动的相关内容和参加这一项目需要注意的事项。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Teams will design a futuristic lunar city and provide examples of how the city uses Moon resources to keep its residents safe and healthy.（团队将设计一个未来的月球城市，并提供城市如何使用月球资源，以保持其居民的安全和健康的例子。）”可知，在2021年未来城市竞赛中，学生需要利用到月球资源。故选D项。
2．细节理解题。根据What you can learn部分的“This flexible, cross-curricular(跨课程的) educational program gives students an opportunity to do the things that engineers do-identify problems: brainstorm ideas; design solutions; test, retest and build; and share their results. With this at its center, Future City is an engaging way to build students’ 21st century skills.（这种灵活的、跨课程的教育计划让学生有机会做工程师所做的事情——发现问题：头脑风暴；设计解决方案；测试、再测试和构建；并分享他们的成果。以这为中心，未来城市是培养学生21世纪技能的一种引人入胜的方式。）”可知，未来城市竞赛的核心是工程设计过程。故选D项。
3．细节理解题。根据What you need部分的第二段“Creativity, hard work, and commitment are all you need to get ahead.（创造力、努力工作和承诺是你获得成功所需要的一切。）”可知，如果想要在竞赛中获得成功，就需要富有创造力并且努力投入工作。故选A项。
Passage 2（2021·江西高三三模） 限时：7'
Sora observed in amazement as Weilun picked up two large metal cans. She followed Weilun with a pail (桶) of clothes, watching him carry the two cans effortlessly. They were large and were covering Weilun’s small frame.
Sora’s father had sent her to the village to learn about rural life. Sora had never once done any household chores back home. She did not understand why her father would always chant “Where is your willingness to learn?” whenever she asked him if she could stay home for the holidays. Her father had given her a checklist on the life skills that she needed to learn, one of which was to wash clothes. She recalled washing a table cloth after an art lesson in school. That was a piece of cake, she thought. So Sora refused Weilun’s offer to help. Weilun then went to fill the large cans with water at the far end of the river.
Suddenly, a big bird dived from the sky when Sora placed the last piece of clothing back in the pail. Sora released her grasp of the pail in shock. Then she was relaxed to find it was aiming for a worm near her. But the clothes were drifting in the river. Weilun immediately came to help and Sora shifted the blame to the bird.
He pointed at the detergent foam (洗涤剂泡沫) on the surface of the river. “Don’t tell me you rinsed (漂洗) the detergent from the clothes in the river. Don’t you know that it may kill the river creatures? You caused the problem, not the bird!” Sora looked down in shame. “You think that you know everything, but you actually don’t.”
Sora closed her eyes to let Weilun’s words sink in for a moment. She finally understood the meaning behind her father’s chants. She walked towards Weilun and whispered, “Could you teach me all the life skills that my father had planned for me to learn?”
4．Why was Sora amazed?
A．Weilun was too small in size for the two large cans. B．Weilun was willing to help his parents do some chores.
C．Weilun managed to carry the two large cans easily. D．Weilun was willing to accompany her to the riverside.
5．Why did Sora refuse Weilun’s offer to help wash the clothes?
A．She thought it was an easy task. B．She had learned how to do it.
C．She wanted her father to be proud of her. D．She wanted to learn new things by herself.
6．What happened when Sora found the bird flew towards her?
A．The bird was diving for food. B．The bird was attacking her.
C．Sora was rinsing the detergent in the pail. D．Sora was shocked to find a worm in the pail.
7．What do you think Sora “finally understood”?
A．She wasn’t capable of living on her own. B．She really lacked the willingness to learn.
C．Life skills could be learned in the country. D．Her father wanted her to learn from Weilun.
【答案】
4．A 5．A 6．C 7．A
【分析】
这是一篇记叙文。Sora的父亲让她去农村了解乡村生活，Sora从未做过家务，她也不明白父亲让她学什么。通过与Weilun的相处，她明白了自己缺乏独立生活的能力。
4．细节理解题。根据第一段第一句和第三句“Sora observed in amazement as Weilun picked up two large metal cans. They were large and were covering Weilun’s small frame.”（Sora惊讶地看着Weilun拿起两个大铁罐。它们很大，盖住了Weilun小小的身躯。）可知，Weilun的身体对这两个大铁罐来说太小了，所以Sora很惊奇。故选A。
5．细节理解题。根据第二段倒第三句和倒第二句“That was a piece of cake, she thought. So Sora refused Weilun’s offer to help.”（那是小菜一碟，她想。所以Sora拒绝了Weilun的帮助。）可知，因为Sora觉得这很简单，所以她拒绝了Weilun的帮助。故选A。
6．推理判断题。根据第三段第一句“Suddenly, a big bird dived from the sky when Sora placed the last piece of clothing back in the pail.”（当Sora把最后一件衣服放回桶里时，突然，一只大鸟从天上飞了下来。）和第四段第二句“Don’t tell me you rinsed (漂洗) the detergent from the clothes in the river. ”（别告诉我你在河里把衣服上的洗涤剂洗掉了。）可知，当Sora发现一只鸟飞向她时，她正在漂洗桶里的洗涤剂。故选C。
7．推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“Could you teach me all the life skills that my father had planned for me to learn?”（你能教我所有我父亲计划让我学习的生活技能吗？）可知，Sora终于明白了她无法独立生活。故选A。
Passage 3（2021·福建高三二模） 限时：8'
Independent living at home is the ideal for every aging person. But a fall or other health-threatening incidents can change everything rapidly.
The wearable “panic buttons” introduced in the late 1980s were a great advance. But they only work if people actually wear them and can reach the button in an emergency. Today there are passive wearables that automatically detect falls, and camera-based systems to monitor elder safety.
Coming from a 40-year career in the semiconductor and wireless communication field, Rafi Zack decided to find a better alternative. “People aren’t devoted to wearing small devices 24/7, and camera-based systems are an invasion（侵犯）of privacy,” he points out, “The most challenging aspect is a fall. How fast we can detect a fall matters because the medical situation worsens quickly. Sometimes people stay on the floor for a long time. We have to find out how to solve that problem.”
Zack is a co-founder, CEO and vice president of R&D at EchoCare Technologies which has developed ECHO (Elderly Care Home Observer), a cloud-connected monitor based on radar technology and machine learning.
Because radar sees through walls, one ECHO unit fixed on the ceiling or wall can monitor one person (or two persons, in a future version) in a standard-sized apartment in a senior living facility. The device detects falls, breathing difficulties, drowning in a bathtub and other dangerous events. It gives out warnings to potential health worsening conditions by continuously monitoring and analyzing the person’s location, posture（姿势）, motion and breath. EchoCare tested the device in the United States, Japan, Australia and Israel. ECHO was certified（认证）in 2019 in Japan with the most aging population in the world.
“Bathrooms were the main testing area where about 17,000 deadly accidents happen annually.” said SMK Director and Executive Vice President Tetsuo Hara. “Bathroom makers, home security service providers and nursing homes are highly interested in EchoCare’s solution.” Zack noted, “As more and more elder people live alone as a result of social distancing, there is an increased need to monitor them without the burden of wearables or privacy-invading cameras.”
8．What’s the advantage of ECHO over “panic buttons”?
A．It has camera-based systems. B．It has been widely accepted.
C．It can function without cameras. D．Its buttons can be easily reached.
9．What can we know about ECHO from paragraph 5?
A．It is designed to send out warnings regularly. B．It monitors dangerous health-related events.
C．It was certified in many developed countries. D．It detects more than one person at the same time.
10．What can we infer about the future of ECHO?
A．It’ll become more popular with the elderly. B．It’ll stop 17,000 deaths happening annually.
C．It’ll be used in nursing homes and hospitals. D．It’ll help elderly people to live an active life.
11．What can be the best title for the passage?
A．An Advanced Medical Instrument B．A High-tech Monitor for the Elderly
C．The Invention of a Healthcare Device D．The Improvement of a Medical Facility
【答案】
8．C 9．B 10．A 11．B
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。主要讲述了在家独立生活是每个老年人的理想选择。但是，跌倒或其他危害健康的事件可能会迅速改变一切。EchoCare Technologies该公司开发了ECHO（老人护理家庭观察者），这是一种基于雷达技术和机器学习的云连接显示器。该设备可以检测到跌倒，呼吸困难，溺水淹没浴缸和其他危险事件。
8．细节理解题。根据第二段“But they only work if people actually wear them and can reach the button in an emergency.”(但是，只有在人们实际佩戴它们并且在紧急情况下可以到达按钮时，它们才起作用。) 以及第四段“Zack is a co-founder, CEO and vice president of R&D at EchoCare Technologies which has developed ECHO (Elderly Care Home Observer), a cloud-connected monitor based on radar technology and machine learning.( Zack是EchoCare Technologies的联合创始人，首席执行官兼研发副总裁，该公司开发了ECHO（老人护理家庭观察者），这是一种基于雷达技术和机器学习的云连接显示器。)可知，ECH是机遇雷达技术和机器学习的云连接显示器。以及最后一段最后一句话“without the burden of wearables or privacy-invading cameras”可知，ECHO让老人不承受可穿戴设备或侵犯隐私的相机的负担。所以C项说法正确。故选C项。
9．细节理解题。根据第五段“The device detects falls, breathing difficulties, drowning in a bathtub and other
dangerous events. It gives out warnings to potential health worsening conditions by continuously monitoring and analyzing the person’s location, posture（姿势）, motion and breath.”(该设备可以检测到跌倒，呼吸困难，溺水淹没浴缸和其他危险事件。通过持续监视和分析人员的位置，姿势（姿势），运动和呼吸，它可以警告潜在的健康状况恶化状况。)可知，该设备不仅仅发送警告信号，同时可以检测和分析一系列危险事件。A项说法错误。以及“ECHO was certified（认证）in 2019 in Japan with the most aging population in the world.”(ECHO于2019年在日本获得了世界上人口老龄化最多的认证（认证）。)可知，只在日本获得了认证。C项说法错误。D项文中未提及。故选B项。
10．推理判断题。根据最后一段Bathrooms were the main testing area where about 17,000 deadly accidents happen annually.( 浴室是主要的测试区域，每年约发生17,000起致命事故。) 以及“Bathroom makers, home security service providers and nursing homes are highly interested in EchoCare’s solution.”(浴室制造商，家庭安全服务提供商和疗养院对EchoCare的解决方案非常感兴趣。)可知，每年在浴室会发生17000起致命的事故是，不是死亡。B项说法错误。文中提到浴室制造商，家庭安全服务商以及疗养院会感兴趣。所以C项说法错误。D项文中未提及。故选A项。
11．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Independent living at home is the ideal for every aging person. But a fall or other health-threatening incidents can change everything rapidly.”( 在家独立生活是每个老年人的理想选择。但是，跌倒或其他危害健康的事件可能会迅速改变一切。)以及第四段“Zack is a co-founder, CEO and vice president of R&D at EchoCare Technologies which has developed ECHO (Elderly Care Home Observer), a cloud-connected monitor based on radar technology and machine learning.( Zack是EchoCare Technologies的联合创始人，首席执行官兼研发副总裁，该公司开发了ECHO（老人护理家庭观察者），这是一种基于雷达技术和机器学习的云连接显示器。)可知，本文主要介绍了ECHO，这是一种基于雷达技术和机器学习的云连接显示器，旨在监测老人的安全。故选B项。
Passage 4 （2021·辽宁高三模拟） 限时：7'
A young woman was walking in Santa Ana, California, when she came upon an elderly street vendor (小贩) selling tamales (玉米粉蒸肉). Seeing how tired he looked in his wheelchair, she decided to give him a few bucks and a sandwich—and she also gave him a sympathetic ear to listen to his story.
When Kenia Barragan first saw Jose Villa Ochoa, she thought of her own parents. “I felt for him,” she told KTTV News, “My parents are both older, and I would hate to see my dad out selling tamales for somebody and barely making ends meet.”
Known as “Don Joel”, he explained that although he wanted a job, no company would hire him because of his age. In order to keep himself out of debt, he started to sell tamales cooked by a local woman. At the end of each hard day, she would give him a cut of the earnings. This allowed him to buy food, but was not enough for him to afford his medical treatment or a phone.
The 28-year-old woman was happy to listen to Don Joel’s story, but she wanted to do more. She made an appeal to her followers on Instagram for some assistance. Within a week, friends and strangers flooded her with more than $84 000 in donations.
In addition to the money raised for Don Joel’s retirement, Kenia purchased him a new wheelchair and a shiny new pair of shoes. Even though he’s 94, he says he feels like he’s 40 now, because the kindness has made him feel so alive. He describes the generosity as “life-changing”.
Kenia feels exactly the same way. She says she’s always looking for a purpose that helps people and that she’s been living in line with those values in her current job, working with people who have disabilities to get them transportation. Her goal in life is to establish a homeless shelter.
12．Why did Don Joel sell tamales?
A．To buy a new wheelchair. B．To struggle for a living.
C．To pay off his medical debt. D．To help a local woman.
13．How did Kenia change Don Joel’s life?
A．By establishing a homeless shelter. B．By giving him money and sandwiches.
C．By collecting donations on Instagram. D．By listening to his story attentively.
14．What can we infer about Kenia in the text?
A．She disliked her father because of his job. B．She is a wealthy woman ready to help others.
C．She helped Don Joel when she was 40 years old. D．She is a kind woman aiming to do more charity.
15．What does the author want to tell us?
A．Rose given, fragrant in hand. B．The best hearts are always the bravest.
C．No pain, no gain. D．Sharp tools make good work.
【答案】
12．B 13．C 14．D 15．A
【分析】
本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一位热心的年轻女士在遇到一位年迈的靠卖玉米粉蒸肉维持生计的老人后，决定通过网络募捐来帮助这位老人的故事。
12．细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“In order to keep himself out of debt, he started to sell tamales cooked by a local woman.(为了不欠债，他开始售卖由一位当地的女人制作的玉米粉蒸肉)”可知， Don Joel是为了维持生计才去卖玉米粉蒸肉的。故选B。
13．细节理解题。根据第四段第二、三句“She made an appeal to her followers on Instagram for some assistance. Within a week, friends and strangers flooded her with more than $84000 in donations.(她在Instagram上向她的粉丝请求帮助。不到一周，朋友和陌生人就向她捐赠了超过84000美元)”及倒数第二段内容可知，Kenia通过在Instagram上为 Don Joel筹集捐款进而改善了Don Joel艰苦的生活。故选C。
14．推理判断题。通读全文尤其是最后一段最后一句“Her goal in life is to establish a homeless shelter.(她的人生目标是建立一个无家可归者收容所)”可知，Kenia不仅帮助 Don Joel提升了生活质量，她还想专门为无家可归的人们建立一个收容所。由此可推知，她是一个想要做更多慈善（工作）的善良女性。故选D。
15．推理判断题。通读全文尤其是倒数第二段最后一句“He describes the generosity as ‘life-changing’.(他将这种慷慨描述为“改变生活的”)”及最后一段第一句“Kenia feels exactly the same way.(Kenia也有同样的感觉)”可知，Kenia Barragan在帮助他人的同时感觉自己的生活也发生了改变。由此可推知，文章旨在告诉我们，赠人玫瑰，手有余香。故选A。
B组
Passage 1（2021·山西高三三模） 限时：6'
THE BEST BOOKS OF 2020
In our efforts to increase and spread knowledge, we highly recommend these titles issued this year.
You Never Forget Your First: A Biography of George Washington
Treating the first president’s masculinity (刚毅) as a ‘‘previous conclusion”, historian Alexis Coe explores lesser-known aspects of Washington’s life, from his interest in animal husbandry (畜牧业) to his role as a father figure.
All We Can Save: Truth, Courage, and Solutions for the Climate Crisis
Johnson, a marine biologist and the founder of Ocean Collective, and Wilkinson, the editor in chief of Project Drawdown edited appealing pieces on climate change crafted by 60 women. The collection, All We Can Save, showcases a diverse range of experts, all working to tackle climate issues in powerful ways.
Feasting Wild: In Search of the Last Untamed Food
Gina Rae La Cerva travels the globe in search of some of the planet’s last truly wild foods. Her journey takes her to a place in the Democratic Republic of Congo, where she investigates the “bush meat" trade that is common in the region’s rainforest and results in the illegal hunting of wild animals.
The Man Who Ate Too Much: The Life of James Beard
James Beard Award-winning author, John Birdsall writes this book to show a more complete picture of Beard’s life, examining the cook’s use of coded language in early cookbooks. The language itself is as rich as Beard’s fried chicken.
1．What can we learn from You Never Forget Your First?
A．Washington’s wide interests. B．Washington’s masculinity as a father.
C．Some popular aspects of Washington’s life. D．Some unfamiliar aspects of Washington’s life.
2．Which book should you read if you want to know the topic about climate problems?
A．Feasting Wild. B．All We Can Save.
C．You Never Forget Your First. D．The Man Who Ate Too Much.
3．What is the similarity between Feasting Wild and The Man Who Ate Too Much?
A．Foods are both mentioned. B．Both are about traveling.
C．Their languages are vivid. D．Their authors are famous.
【答案】
1．D 2．B 3．A
【分析】
这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了四本不同内容的书，包括历史、科学、探索和人物。
1．细节理解题。由You Never Forget Your First: A Biography of George Washington部分中“historian Alexis Coe explores lesser-known aspects of Washington’s life, from his interest in animal husbandry(畜牧业) to his role as a father figure.(历史学家Alexis Coe探索华盛顿生活中鲜为人知的方方面面，从他的兴趣——畜牧业到他作为父亲的角色。)”可知，该书内容介绍的是华盛顿生活中鲜为人知的方面。故选D项。
2．细节理解题。由All We Can Save: Truth, Courage, and Solutions for the Climate Crisis部分中“The collection, All We Can Save, showcases a diverse range of experts, all working to tackle climate issues in powerful ways.(All We Can Save一书展示了各种各样的专家，他们都以强有力的方式致力于解决气候问题。)”可知，All We Can Save是关于专家如何采用强有力的措施解决气候问题的书，如果你想了解关于气候问题的话题，可以读这本书。故选B项。
3．细节理解题。由Feasting Wild: In Search of the Last Untamed Food部分中“Gina Rae La Cerva travels the globe in search of some of the planet’s last truly wild foods.( Gina Rae La Cerva在全球旅行，寻找一些地球上最后真正的野生食物。)”及The Man Who Ate Too Much: The Life of James Beard部分中“…examining the cook’s use of coded language in early cookbooks. The language itself is as rich as Beard’s fried chicken. (检查这位厨师在早期烹饪书籍中使用编码语言的情况。这本书本身就像Beard的炸鸡一样丰富。)”可知，Feasting Wild 和 The Man Who Ate Too Much 两本书都提到了食物。故选A项。
Passage 2 （2021·江苏高三三模） 限时：7'
During the COVID-19 pandemic, Julia began her second year as a first grade teacher in an online classroom. One September afternoon, she received a call from and Cynthia, who was having technical difficulties with her granddaughter's tools for online learning.
Julia immediately knew something was wrong with Cynthia. The two women had spoken many times before, but Julia had never heard she sounded like this. Her words were so jumbled that Julia could barely understand her. Julia called her headmaster, Charlie, who convinced her that he would call and check on Cynthia himself.
Just like Julia, Charlie could barely understand Cynthia. He suspected she might be having a stroke (中风) — he recognized the signs from when his own father had suffered one. Charlie immediately became concerned that Cynthia's two grandchildren, ages six and eight, were probably home alone with her and scared. Charlie asked his office manager to send an ambulance to the grandmother's home.
The quick response from Julia and Charlie saved Cynthia's life. She arrived at the hospital in time to get treatment before long-term damage occurred. Thanks to an extended stay in the hospital, she has regained most of the movement throughout her body except for one hand and a region of her mouth.
“I'm proud of the people I work with, that they responded so quickly and that it did make a difference to Cynthia,” says Julia. “I am so pleased to be part of such a caring community.” But the school's crisis response is only one piece of the community's extraordinary efforts to help Cynthia and her granddaughters. Another family with young children took in the two girls.
Virtual learning has been a challenge across the country, but it's fair to say that it has helped the community grow closer. Many teachers there gave their personal phone numbers to students and families in case they needed extra help. In this case, the exchange was literally life-altering.
4．Cynthia called Julia in order to .
A．complain about the poor contents of online learning
B．consult about her granddaughter's academic performance
C．seek some help for lack of certain technical knowledge
D．volunteer her services as a teacher in an online classroom
5．The underlined word “jumbled” in Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to .
A．brief B．unclear C．gentle D．impolite
6．How did Charlie decide that Cynthia might have suffered a stroke?
A．By recalling his own previous sufferings from the disease.
B．By using his professional knowledge to form the judgment.
C．By combining Julia's call with the granddaughters' description.
D．By identifying the symptoms that a stroke patient may have.
7．What does the author think of virtual leaning?
A．It has caused much inconvenience to parents. B．It will bring about unavoidable leak of privacy.
C．It has provided more benefits than challenges. D．It needs technical guidance to be highly effective.
【答案】
4．C 5．B 6．D 7．C
【分析】
本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了在新冠疫情期间上网课时，Cynthia通过电话帮助孙女询问关于网络技术方面的问题。老师Julia通过Cynthia的声音判断出她有些不对劲，并且及时联系了校长Charlie，校长判断出她得了中风，并及时送往了医院。
4．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“One September afternoon, she received a call from and Cynthia, who was having technical difficulties with her granddaughter's tools for online learning.（九月的一个下午，她接到了Cynthia的电话，她孙女的在线学习工具有技术问题。）”可知，Cynthia打电话是因缺乏一定的技术知识而寻求帮助。故选C项。
5．词义猜测题。通过画线词后面“that Julia could barely understand her（Julia几乎听不懂Cynthia说的话）”可推知，画线词jumbled意为“不清楚的、不完全明白的”。故选B项。
6．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“He suspected she might be having a stroke he recognized the signs from when his own father had suffered one.（他怀疑她可能中风了——他认出了他父亲遭受痛苦时的症状。）”可知，Charlie通过他父亲中风时的症状对比Cynthia的症状，推测她得了中风。故选D项。
7．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Virtual learning has been a challenge across the country, but it's fair to say that
it has helped the community grow closer.（虚拟学习在全国范围内都是一种挑战，但公平的说，它帮助社区变得更加紧密。）”可推知，作者认为虚拟学习带来的好处多于挑战。故选C项。
Passage 3 （2021·山西高三三模） 限时：8'
Young children who have experienced compassionate (有同情心的) love and empathy (认同感) from their mothers may be more willing to turn thoughts into action by being generous to others, a University of California, Davis’ study suggests.
In lab studies, children tested at ages 4 and 6 showed more willingness to give up the tokens (代金券) they had earned to fictional children in need when two conditions were present—if they showed bodily changes when given the opportunity to share and had experienced positive parenting that modeled such kindness. The study initially included 74 preschool-age children and their mothers. They were invited back two years later, resulting in 54 mother-child pairs whose behaviors and reactions were analyzed when the children were 6.
“At both ages, children with better physiological regulation and with mothers who expressed stronger compassionate love were likely to donate more of their earnings,” said Paul Hastings, UC Davis professor of psychology. “Compassionate mothers likely develop emotionally close relationships with their children while also providing an early example of satisfying the needs of others,” researchers said in the study, published in November in Frontiers in Psychology” Emotion Science.
In each lab exercise, after attaching a monitor to record children’s heart-rate activity, the examiner told the children they would be earning tokens for a variety of activities, and that the tokens could be turned in for a prize. The tokens were put into a box, and each child eventually earned 20 prize tokens. Then before the session ended, children were told they could donate all or part of their tokens to other children.
Taken together, the findings showed that children’s generosity is supported by the combination of their socialization experiences—their mothers’ compassionate love—and their physiological regulation, and that these work like “internal and external supports for the ability to act prosocially that build on each other”.
In addition to observing the children’s propensity (习性) to donate their game earnings, Hastings suggested that “being in a calmer state after sharing could reinforce (加强) the generous behavior that produced that good feeling.”
8．How do young children loved by their mother tend to become in later years?
A．Considerate. B．Emotional.
C．Generous. D．Optimistic.
9．What is the second paragraph mainly about?
A．The process of the research. B．The result of the experiment.
C．The reactions of the children. D．The importance of Mom’s love.
10．According to Hastings, what factor could strengthen children’s good behaviors?
A．Their moms love them deeply. B．They donate the tokens easily.
C．They behave physiologically. D．They are calmer after sharing.
11．What is probably the best title of this passage?
A．What Contributes to Generosity? B．The More You Give, the Calmer You Will Be
C．Do You Prefer to Receive or Give? D．More Giving, Less Receiving
【答案】
8．C 9．A 10．D 11．A
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文。介绍在小时候从母亲那里学到的恻隐之心和认同之情的孩子比同龄人更慷慨。
8．细节理解题。由第一段“Young children who have experienced compassionate (有同情心的) love and empathy (认同感) from their mothers may be more willing to turn thoughts into action by being generous to others, a University of California, Davis’ study suggests.”（加州大学戴维斯分校的一项研究表明，那些经历过母亲慈悲之爱和同情心的孩子，可能更愿意通过慷慨对待他人，将想法转化为行动。）可知，早期受到母亲关爱的孩子后期往往变得更加慷慨。选项C与文意相符，故选C。
9．主旨大意题。通读第二段内容可知，该段介绍了对74名学龄前儿童进行的试验。首先在实验室针对两种情况对他们进行模仿测试，两年后又对这些母子的行为和反应进行分析。说明本段介绍的是研究的过程。选项A与文意相符，故选A。
10．细节理解题。由最后一段中的“Hastings suggested that “being in a calmer state after sharing could reinforce the generous behavior that produced that good feeling.”（Hastings认为，“分享后处于更平静的状态可以加强产生那种良好感觉的慷慨行为”）可知，分享后更平静的状态可以加强慷慨行为，选项D与文意相符，故选D。
11．主旨大意题。通读全文，特别是根据第一段“Young children who have experienced...generous to others, a University of California, Davis’ study suggests.”（加州大学戴维斯分校的一项研究表明，那些经历过母亲慈悲之爱和同情心的孩子，可能更愿意通过慷慨对待他人，将想法转化为行动。）可知，文章介绍的是小时候从母亲那里学到的恻隐之心和认同之情的孩子比同龄人更慷慨。选项A与文意相符，故选A。
Passage 4 （2021·山西高三三模） 限时：7'
Nearly everyone knows eBay is a website where you can buy and sell pretty much anything. There are other Internet auction (拍卖) sites, but none come close to eBay for brand-name recognition. And for good reason: eBay is the largest English-language online auction site in the world. Buyers come to eBay for the best chance of finding the particular thing they want. Sellers come for the largest pool of buyers, which they hope means the best chance of selling at the highest possible price.
Buying things on eBay is pretty simple. You can type a term into the search field, or click through the categories list to get to what you want. Inside an individual item listing, you’ll see the current asking price, and a little button to click if you wish to place your own bid. Enter a price, occasionally come back to see if someone has bid higher than you and wait for the end of the auction period. If your bid is the highest, you win! Now all you have to do is arrange payment and shipping method with the seller. eBay is only in the business of putting buyers and sellers together for a small fee from the seller. It doesn’t handle the actual payment or shipping of goods. In other words, it isn’t a big department store, or a warehouse. It’s the owner of a flea market, and you have to do your own deals with the individual sellers in their virtual stalls.
To be a skillful eBay buyer, you should learn when to trust sellers and how a proxy (代理人) bid can save you from going online every half-hour to up your bid. Experienced eBay users also know how to use escrows (公正托管) to guarantee goods, and how to avoid selling tricks such as fake bids that push up prices. The more often you buy on eBay, the more you learn.
12．Why is eBay the best website for people to buy and sell things?
A．Because it has all brand products. B．Because the trade language is English.
C．Because sellers and buyers can close their deals. D．Because sellers can find a swimming pool there.
13．What should you do first if you want to buy something at the site?
A．Find the current asking price. B．Click a button to place your own bid.
C．Enter a price which is higher than others. D．Find what you want in the categories list.
14．What should the buyer do if he/she wins the bid?
A．Get goods from eBay. B．Determine payment and shipment.
C．Send somebody for the goods. D．Talk about the price of the goods.
15．What is mainly talked about in the last paragraph?
A．How to be a skillful buyer at eBay. B．How to make sure of qualified goods.
C．How to avoid being cheated by others. D．How to spare you from going online frequently.
【答案】
12．C 13．D 14．B 15．A
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文。介绍了一个可让全球网民上网买卖物品的线上拍卖及购物网站eBay，以及如何进行买卖的技巧等。
【详解】
12.细节理解题。根据第一段“Nearly everyone knows eBay is a website where you can buy and sell pretty much anything.”（几乎所有人都知道eBay是个网站，你可以买卖任何东西。）及“Buyers come to eBay for the best chance of finding the particular thing they want. Sellers come for the largest pool of buyers, which they hope means the best chance of selling at the highest possible price.”（买家来 eBay 是为了找到他们想要的东西。卖家的目标是最大的买家群体，他们希望这意味着最有可能以最高价格卖出的机会。）可知，eBay是人们买卖物品的最佳网站是因为在eBay，买卖双方都能成交，选项C与文意相符，故选C。
13.细节理解题。根据第二段“Buying things on eBay is pretty simple. You can type a term into the search field, or click through the categories list to get to what you want. ”（在 eBay 上买东西很简单。您可以在搜索字段中键入术语，或者通过单击类别列表来获得所需的内容。）可知，如果你要在网站买东西，你需要在分类列表中找到你想要的或在搜索栏键入你需要的东西。选项D与文意相符，故选D。
14.细节理解题。根据第二段“ If your bid is the highest, you win! Now all you have to do is arrange payment and shipping method with the seller.”（如果你的出价最高，你就赢了！现在你所要做的就是与卖方安排付款和装运方式。）可知，在你获胜之后，你需要的是安排支付和装运的方式。选项B与文意相符，故选B。
15.主旨大意题。根据最后一段第一句“To be a skillful eBay buyer, you should learn when to trust sellers and how a proxy (代理人) bid can save you from going online every half-hour to up your bid. ”（要成为一个熟练的 eBay 买家，你应该学会什么时候信任卖家，以及代理出价如何能让你省去每半小时上网一次的麻烦。）可知，本段主要谈论如何成为一个熟练的买主，选项A与文意相符，故选A。