专题4 语法填空-备战2022年高考英语精选考点专项突破

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专题4 语法填空
备战2022年高考英语精选考点专项突破
语法填空
【题型说明】
1、(1). 在一篇200词左右的短文中留出10空白；(2). 分为提示词型和无提示词型两种。
2、该题型强调在语篇环境中考查考生加工处理语言信息、分析句子结构、熟练运用语法知识和词汇知识的能力。
3.有提示词填空有6处或7处，考查侧重点排序如下：(1)、动词的时态和语态及非谓语词；(2)、词性转换,以动词或名词转换为形容词、形容词转换为副词为主。无提词填空有3处或4处，以考查介词、连词和词及从句引导词为主。
【命题分析】
近几年语法填空的难度不大，所考查语法较为基础，未来高考的考点分布会更加均匀和细化。
语法填空分为有提示词填空题型和无提示词填空题型。有提示词填空题型要求考生用括号内所给词的适当形式填空，题中给出的王要是动词、形容词、副词和名词几大词类，考生需根据语境填出正确的词形。无提示词填空题型需要考生根据语境在设空处填入符合上下文逻辑、法、句法的词汇，主要查冠词、连词(并列句)、介词、情态动词、(定语从句、状语从句、名词性从句等的)引导词等，每空只填一词。考生可根据语境判断设空处所表示的含义，通过分析句子成分确定词性。
【应考思路】
思路1 根据语法知识和词汇知识填空
根据某些语法知识或词汇知识来解题。接非谓语动词作宾语时，下列各类动词必须牢记：只能接动名词作宾语的动词( enjoy, consider, suggest, admit, finish, keep, avoid, miss, risk, delay等）；能接动词不定式作宾语的动词(want, decide, manage, plan, refuse,offer等)。另外对句式搭配要求较为特别的词语(如表示“喜欢”、“恨”等情感倾向的动词后接it，然后构成固定结构)也要牢记。
思路2 根据逻辑关系或语篇标志词填空
语篇是指比单个句子长的语言单位(句群、段落、篇章等)。语篇间往往有表明内在联系的词，称为“语篇标志词”，如：表示结构层次的有 first, second, third, finally等；表示因果关系的词有thus, therefore, so等；表示转折关系或变换话题的词和词组有 however, but, by the way等。语篇标志词对迅速理清文章的脉络、弄清上下文的关系很有帮助。如果设空处没有给出提示词，考生就需要根据文章大意、上下文的逻辑关系及对一些长难句结构的分析和理解来确定设空处在句中的功能，界定词性，进而确定它的意义，最后确定它的形式。
思路3 根据固定短语或句型填空
熟练掌握一些常见的短语和搭配，如 as a matter of fact, have in doing sth., be proud of, by the way, congratulate...on..., devote... to... earn one's living, be likely to do sth., feel like doing, keep one'' word, make up one' s mind等及常用的句型，如so/such...that..., There is no doubt that.…, There is no sense in( doing)sth.等，对解题很有帮助。
思路4 根据句式分析填空
做语法填空题时，经常会碰到一些长难句，如复合句和并列句，而设空处也没有给出提示词。这时，考生需首先抓住句子的主干，然后再分析其他的部分，这样，解题过程便得到简化，从而容易确定设空处是需要填写并列连词还是从句的引导词等。
【解题步骤】
步骤1 通读全文,理解大意
快速浏览全文，尤其要认真阅读文章首句，把握文章大意和作者的写作意图，并确定主体时态。
步骤2 巧用已知，分析结构，确定词性
(1)、熟记词语的搭配，根据搭配，可以比较容易地在文章中找出隐藏的提示；
(2)、弄清句子的意义，了解句子之间的逻辑关系，以确定连词的使用；
(3)、遇到从句时首先要判断是什么从句，然后注意所填词在从句中充当什么成分；
(4)、遇到非谓语动词时要分析句子结构，按“确定成分、确定主被动关系、确定动作所发生的时间”这三步来解决；
(5)、遇到动词时态和语态问题时要看时间状语提示、上下句或前后文的时间暗示；
(6)、分析句子结构，运用各种技巧确定设空处所缺单词的词性，再根据语境确定其正确形式。
步骤3 重读全文，仔细核查，语法正确，语意贯通
做完题后，将全文仔细审读一遍，在确保文意通顺的前提下，检查所填词的拼写、大小写等是否正确。
【考法分析】
考法1 提示词是动词
当括号内提示词是动词时，应先判断设空处为谓语动词还是非谓语动词。
(1)、若句中缺少谓语，则主要考查动词的时态、语态、主谓一致等。其解题方法为：
①根据语境或句中的时间标志词确定时态；
②根据主语和谓语之间的主被动关系确定动词的语态(考生应注意被动语态的特殊用法，如主动形式表示被动含义)；
③注意主谓一致。
(2)、若句中已有谓语，且设空处不是作并列谓语，则考虑填非谓语动词。其解题方法为：
①根据非谓语动词在句中所作的句于成分、句式要求等，确定应用动名词、现在分词、过去分词还是不定式(作主语或宾语常用动名词或不定式，作目的状语要用不定式，而作时间、原因、伴随等状语常用现在分词或过去分词)。
②寻找逻辑主语，确定逻辑主语与所给动词之间的关系(如果它们之间是主动关系，则用现在分词形式；如果是被动关系，则用过去分词形式；但当含有被动意义时，如果非谓语动词表示的动作尚未发生，则用动词不定式的被动式；如果非谓语动词表示的动作正在进行，则用动词-ing形式的被动式);
③分析所给动词表示的动作与谓语动词表示的动作发生的先后顺序，确定是用一般式还是完成式。
[全国新高考1 2020·38] The80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example,_________(form)the core
collection of the British Museum which/that opened in 1759.
【解析】句意为：例如，汉斯·斯隆爵士收藏的8万件藏品是1759年开放的大英博物馆的核心藏品。分析句子成分可知，该空为主句的谓语；根据语境可知，此处讲述的是发生在过去的事情，应用一般过去时，故填 formed.。
考法2 提示词是形容词或副词
如果括号内提示词是形容词或副词,主要考查点有:
(1)、词性转换，如形容词和副词之间的转换、形容词或副词与名词、动词之间的转换。其解题方法为：首先应分析句子结构，确定要填的词在句中充当的成分，然后根据构词法将括号中的词转化为需要的词类。如修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子要用副词；修饰名词要用形容词。当词性不一定要变时，要注意与词根意义相反的派生词，如在所给提示词前加前缀un-, im-, in-, il-, dis-, mis-等
(2)、考查形容词或副词的比较等级。考生可根据句中出现的标志词than或“the+比较级,he+比较级”及句中的隐含比较意义确定用比较级还是最高级。
[全国I 2020·62] Landing on the moon'' s far side is__________(extreme)challenging.
【解析】句意为:着陆在月球的背面是极具挑战性的。分析句子成分可知，此处用于修饰形容词 challenging,应用副词，故填 extremely。
考法3 提示词是名词
当提示词是名词时，一般考查其复数形式、名词所有格等，或转换成其他词类，如转换成形容词形式。其解题方法为：
(1)、根据题干的语法结构，特别是空前的限定词判断词性，冠词、代词、数词、形容词等之后应用名词。
(2)、确定词性为名词后，再确定名词可数与不可数，用单数还是复数，用名词的所有格还是其他形式。如果名词可数,则需根据其前的限定词及谓语动词的形式确定名词单复数。
[全国II 2019·70] We are so proud of her. It's_________(wonder).
【解析】句意为:这太棒了。设空处前有系动词is，应用形容词作表语，表示主语的特征或状态,故填 wonderful。
考法4 提示词是代词
(1)、解答填写代词的题目时，应注意分析句子结构。若句中缺少主语，则填代词主格、指示代词、不定代词或it；若动词或介词后缺宾语，则要填代词宾格、指示代词、不定代词或it；若空后为名词，设空处可填形容词性物主代词或不定代词；若宾语与主语是同一人或物，则用反身代词。
(2)、根据句式结构，判断句子是否为it的特殊句式，即it作形式主语、形式宾语或用在强调句中。
[全国新高考I 2020·42] As well as looking at exhibits,visitors can play with computer simulations（模拟） and imagine_________(they)living at a different time in history or walking through a rainforest.
【解析】句意为：在看展时，参观者们还可以利用电脑模拟程序，想象他们生活在一个不同的历史期或穿行在热带雨林中。分析句子成分可知，此处为 imagine sb. doing sth.结构，设空处为动词 imagine的宾语，且与主语 visitors指的是同一对象，故填反身代词 themselves.
考法5 考查冠词
(1)、下列情况中，设空处很可能是考查不定冠词：
①_______+可数名词单数;
②_______+形容词+可数名词单数
(2)、下列情况中，设空处很可能是考查定冠词：
①__________(+定语)+名词+of等介词短语(表示特指)；
②__________(+定语)+名词+定语从句(表示特指)；
③__________(+定语)+名词+不定式短语或分词短语(表示特指)。
(3)、如果空后有序数词、最高级、表特定意义的比较级等，且无提示词，那么一般要填冠词。
[全国II 2020·70] The plum trees are__________first to flower even as the snow is melting(融化).
【解析】句意为：梅花树是第一批开花的树，甚至在冰雪正在融化的时候(就已经开花了)。根据设空处的序数词 first可知，没空处应用定冠词，表示“第一个”。故填the。
考法6 考查介词
空后如果是名词、代词、动名词或what从句，且它们不作主语或动词宾语时，可能会填介词；或空前是动词，空后为名词、动名词时，设空处可能会填介词构成动词短语。也可根据语境及介词与名词、动词、形容词等的搭配，如 devote..to..., aware of, on sale, charge for等判断是否应填介词。
[全国新高考I 2020·45] Museums must compete _______people's spare time and money with other amusements.
【解析】句意为：博物馆必须同其他的娱乐项目竞争，以获得人们的空闲时间与金钱。 compete for... with...为固定搭配，意为“为……与……竞争”，故填for。
考法7 考查并列连词或从句的引导词
从句的类型主要有：状语从句、名词性从句和定语从句。
(1)、并列句考查并列连词and, but, or, so等；
(2)、状语从句考查从属连词 because, as, since, though, although, if, unless, when, while, before, after等；
(3)、名词性从句考查引导词that, if/ whether, which, who, what, where, how等；
(4)、定语从句考查关系代词that, which, who, whom, whose及关系副词when, where等。
其解题方法为：
①连接两个功能对等的单词或短语时，应填并列连词and，or, but等。若两个句子(有两个主谓结构)之间没有句号或分号，也没有连词，则设空处应填连词，否则句子结构不完整。
②根据两句之间的意义和逻辑关系，或者根据句式结构，确定是并列句还是主从复合句。如果是主从复合句，则根据各类从句的特点，结合连接词的意义和用法，确定填具体的某个连接词。
定语从句：首先确定先行词，然后分析关系词在从句中充当什么成分，结合关系词的意义和用法，确定具体的关系词。
名词性从句：a分析从句在主句中所充当的成分，确定从句是主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句还是同位语从句; b分析从句结构确定从句引导词；若从句结构完整，用从属连词，如：陈述事实用that；表示“是否”用if或 whether；若从句缺少主语、宾语或表语，则考虑用连接代词；若从句缺少状语，则用连接副词。
状语从句：如果句中不缺少主语、宾语、表语，则应是缺少状语，然后根据设空处在从句中是作时间状语、地点状语、方式状语还是原因状语等，确定具体的连接词。
[全国Ⅲ 2020·65]________he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary（传奇的）artist, they smiled and pointed down the river.
【解析】句意为：当他问江岸上的村民们他要到哪儿才能找到这位传奇的画家时，村民们笑了并指了指江水的下游。结合句意可知，此处引导时间状语从句，表示“当……时”，故应用When或As引导。
考法8 考查助动词或情态动词
分析句子结构，如果句子结构完整，空后的谓语动词是动词原形或 have done；或 be doing等，或上下文时态不一致时，可能需填情态动词；如果强调谓语动词则需要填助动词do, does, did等。
【例】I'm going to Europe on vacation together with John if I________make enough money.
【解析】句意为：如果我能够挣到足够的钱，就会和约翰一起去欧洲度假。由句意可知，此处表示能力，故填can，意为“能够”。
考法9 考查特殊句式
主要考查强调句型、祈使句、感叹句、 there be句型及部分倒装句中动词的时态。
【例】It was not until near the end of the letter________she mentioned her own plan.
【解析】句意为：直到信的结尾处她才提到了自己的计划。此句为含有 not until的强调句式，强调状语 not until near the end of the letter, 故答案为that。
真题题组 滚动训练
Cloze 1（2021·山东高考真题）
Paper-making is one of the four great ancient Chinese inventions. Paper can be 1． (use) by people in many ways. We 2． (usual) use paper to make newspapers, magazines and books. The famers 3． live in Finland even wear paper boots to keep 4． (they) feet warm in the snow. Paper is made from 5． (difference) materials. However, we have to 6． (understand) that paper mainly comes from trees. Some report online said it took about 17 trees to make 1 ton of paper. If we keep on 7． (waste) paper, the forests may 8． (appear) in the future. So we must save paper. We can use both 9． (side) of every piece of paper, use glasses instead 10． paper cup, etc. In a word, we should keep a balance between using paper and protecting trees.
【答案】
1．used2．usually3．who/that4．their5．different6．understand7．wasting8．disappear9．sides10．of
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了纸的用途以及节约纸张的重要性。
1．考查语态。句意：纸可以被人们用在许多方面。主语Paper与use之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。根据句中be可知，用动词的过去分词。故填used。
2．考查副词。句意：我们通常用纸来制作报纸、杂志和书。修饰动词use，用副词形式。故填usually。
3．考查定语从句。句意：芬兰的农民甚至穿着纸靴子在雪地里给脚保暖。句中先行词为The famers，在定语从句中作主语，指人，所以用关系代词who或that引导。故填who/that。
4．考查代词。句意：芬兰的农民甚至穿着纸靴子在雪地里给脚保暖。名词feet前用形容词性物主代词
填their。
5．考查形容词。句意：纸是由不同的材料制成的。名词materials前用形容词形式。故填different。
6．考查动词。句意：然而，我们必须明白，纸主要来自树木。have to do sth.必须做某事，空处需用动词原形。故填understand。
7．考查非谓语动词。句意：如果我们继续浪费纸张，森林可能会在未来消失。keep on doing sth.继续做某事。故填wasting。
8．考查动词。句意：如果我们继续浪费纸张，森林可能会在未来消失。情态动词may 后接动词原形，根据句意可知，用动词disappear，表示“消失”。故填disappear。
9．考查名词的数。句意：我们可以使用每张纸的两面，用玻璃杯代替纸杯，等等。side为可数名词，根据both可知，用其复数形式。故填sides。
10．考查介词 句意：我们可以使用每张纸的两面，用玻璃杯代替纸杯，等等。instead of代替，固定搭配。故填of。
Cloze 2 （2021·全国高考真题）
The Xi'an City Wall is the most complete city wall that has survived China's long history. It 11． (build) originally to protect the city 12． the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored (修复). It is possible 13． (walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers.
We accessed the wall through the South Gate. The wall is 12 meters high and from here you can see streams of people moving inside and outside the City Wall.
After 14． (spend) some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time for some action and what 15． (good) than to ride on a piece of history!
We 16． (hire) our bikes from the rental place at the South Gate. My bike was old and shaky 17． did the job. It took us about 3 hours to go all 18． way around the Xi'an City Wall. Supposedly you can do it in two hours, but we stopped at the different gates and 19． (watchtower) to fake pictures or just to watch the local people going about their 20． (day) routines.
Cloze 3（2021·全国高考真题）
It doesn't impress like George Washington's plantation on the Potomac, but Lincoln's home in downtown Springfield, Illinois, 21． （prove）irresistible to visitors since it opened to the public. Beautifully restored（修复）to its 1860 appearance, the house was Abraham and Mary Lincoln's home for 17 years. In 1844 they bought it 22． $1,200 and some land from Charles Dresser, who performed their 23． （marry）ceremony in 1842.
When the house was built, it was much 24． （small）than it is today. Mary's niece wrote, "The little home 25． （paint）white. It was sweet and fresh. Mary loved it. She was extremely pretty, and her house was a reflection of 26． （she）, everything in good taste and in perfect order.
Although Mary loved flowers, 27． she nor her husband was known as a gardener. A long- time neighbor said they never planted trees and only kept a garden for one year. Mary's sister, Frances Todd Wallace, often came over 28． （plant）flowers in the front yard.
29． Lincolns enlarged the house to a full two stories in 1856 to meet the needs of their growing family. Three of the four Lincoln sons were born here. After Lincoln was elected President of the US in 1861, they rented the house and 30． （sell）most of their furniture.
Cloze 4（2021·全国高考真题）
Ecotourism is commonly regarded as low impact(影响)travel to undisturbed places. It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become 31． (educate)about the areas - both in terms of geographical conditions and cultural characteristics, and often provides money for conservation and benefits the 32．(develop)of the local areas.
Ecotourism has 33．(it)origin with the environmental movement of the 1970s. It was not widely accepted as a travel concept 34． the late 1980s. During that time, increasing environmental awareness made it desirable.
Due to 35． growing popularity of environmentally-related and adventure travel, various types 36． trips are now being classified as ecotourism. Actually, a true eco-friendly trip must meet the following principles:
·Minimize the impact of 37．(visit)the place.
·Build respect for and awareness of the environment and cultural practices.
·Provide 38．(finance)aid and other benefits for local peoples.
·Make sure that the tourism provides experiences for both the visitors and the hosts.
Komodo National Park, officially recognized in 1980, is popular for ecotourism because of its unique biodiversity.39．(activity)there range from whale watching to hiking(远足)and accommodations aim 40．(have) a low impact on the natural environment.
Cloze 5（2021·浙江高考真题）
In a study of 33 years of trends in Body Mass Index (体重指数) across 200 countries, the scientists found that people worldwide are getting heavier 41． that most of the rise is due to gains in BMI in rural areas.
BMI is an internationally recognized measurement tool 42． gives an indication of whether someone is a healthy weight. It is calculated by dividing a 43． (person) weight in kg by their height in meters squared. and a BMI of between 19 and 25 44． (consider) healthy.
The study found that between 1985 and 2017, average rural BMI increased 45． 2. 1 in women and men. In cities, however, the gain 46． (be) 1. 3 in women and 1. 6 in men. The researchers described “striking changes” in the geography of BMI. Tn 1985，urban men and women in more than three quarters of the countries 47． (study) had higher BMIs than men and women in rural areas. But 30 years later, the BMI difference between urban and rural people in many countries had narrowed 48．(sharp).
This may be due to some disadvantages for people 49． (live) in the countryside, including 50． (low) levels of income and education, higher costs of healthy foods, and fewer sports facilities.
Cloze 6（2021·全国高考真题）
Going to Mount Huangshan reminds me of the popular Beatles’ song“The Long and Winding Road”. 51．is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes. The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we 52． (human) are.
The hot spring at the foot of the mountain is something you must try after the climb. It will 53．(undoubted) help you get refreshed! The amazing thing about the spring is that the colder the temperature gets, the 54． (hot) the spring! Strange, isn’t it? But that’s how nature is — always leaving us 55．(astonish).
What comes next is the endless series of steps. You can’t help wondering how hard it 56． (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place. Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain, still it highlights the whole adventure 57．offers a place where you can sit down to rest your 58． (ache) legs.
As the song goes, this long and winding road “will never disappear”, and it will always stick in the visitor’s memory. It sure does in 59．(I).While you’re in China, Mount Huangshan is 60． must to visit!
Cloze 7（2020·海南高考真题）
These days, it is not unusual for 10-to 12-year-olds to publish their own websites or for second and third graders61．（begin）computer classes. At the same time, computer games are becoming increasingly popular as major publishing houses continue to develop62．（education）computer programs for children in preschool. Also, technological know-how has become a63．（require）for most jobs in an increasingly digital world, as the computer has become a common tool in most64．（profession）
The Digital World is a set of volumes65．aim to describe how digital systems influence society and help readers understand the nature of digital systems and their many interacting parts. Each volume in the set explores66．wide range of material, explains the basic concepts of major applications of digital systems, 67．discusses the influences they have on everyday life. Because the number of possible topics68．（be）practically limitless, we focus on a sample of the most interesting and useful applications and tools and explain the basic principles of technology. Readers69．（encourage）to continue exploring the digital world with the guidance of70．（we）Further Resources section featured in each volume.
Cloze 8（2020·全国高考真题）
In ancient China lived an artist71． paintings were almost lifelike. The artist’s reputation had made him proud. One day the emperor wanted to get his portrait (画像) done so he called all great artists to come and present their 72． (fine) work, so that he could choose the best. The artist was sure he would73．(choose), but when he presented his masterpiece to the emperor’s chief minister, the old nan laughed. The wise old man told him to travel to the Li River～perhaps he could learn a little from the greatest artist in the world.
Filled with 74． (curious), the artist packed his bags and left. 75． he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary (传奇的) artist, they smiled and 76． (point) down the river. The next morning he hired a boat and set out 77． (find) the well-known painter. As the small boat moved, 78． (gentle) along the river he was left speechless by the mountains being silently reflected in the water. He passed milky white waterfalls and mountains in many shades of blue. And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds79． (surround) the mountain tops, he was reduced to tears. The artist was finally humbled (谦卑) by the greatest artist 80． earth, Mother Nature.
Cloze 9（2020·全国高考真题）
China has become the first country to land a spacecraft on the far side of the moon. The unmanned Chang’e-4 probe (探测器) - the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess 81． (touch) down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin. Landing on the moon’s far side is 82． (extreme) challenging. Because the moon’s body blocks direct radio communication with a probe, China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot 83． it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth. The far side of the moon is of particular 84． (interesting) to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters (环形山)， more so 85． the familiar near side. Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Chang’e-4 86． (find) and study areas of the South Pole-Aitken basin. ＂This really excites scientists,＂ Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says, ＂because it 87． (mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon 88． (construct)＂ Data about the moon’s composition, such as how 89． ice and other treasures it contains, could help China decide whether 90． (it) plans for a future lunar (月球的) base are practical.
Cloze 10（2020·全国高考真题）
Decorating with Plants, Fruits and Flowers for Chinese New Year
Chinese New Year is a 91． (celebrate) marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring. This is why decorating with plants, fruits and flowers 92． (carry) special significance. They represent the earth 93． (come) back to life and best wishes for new beginnings.
These are some of the most popular in many parts of the country:
Oranges: Orange trees are more 94． decoration; they are a symbol of good fortune and wealth. They make great gifts and you see them many times 95． (decorate) with red envelopes and messages of good fortune.
Bamboo: Chinese love their “Lucky Bamboo” plants and you will see them often in their homes and office. 96． (certain) during the holiday period, this plant is a must. Bamboo plants are associated 97． health, abundance and a happy home. They are easy 98． (care) for and make great presents.
Branches of Plum Blossoms (梅花): The 99． (beauty) long branches covered with pink-colored buds (蓓蕾) make fantastic decorations. The plum trees are 100． first to flower even as the snow is melting(融化). They represent the promise of spring and a renewal of life.
模拟强化 限时训练
Cloze 1（2021·安徽高三二模） 限时：8'
Mechanization of Xinjiang's cotton sector approaches 90%
A total of 2 million 1． (hectare) of cotton farmland in the Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region will be harvested by machinery rather than by hand, according to 2． region’s Department of Agriculture and Rural Affairs.
The increase 3． (expect) to raise the mechanization rate of cotton production to 88 percent this year, as the region continues 4． (promote) mechanization in the whole process of agricultural production, the department said recently.
In Shaya county, many tractors can be seen 5． (busy) planting cotton fields, instead of lots of farmers sowing by hand, as spring temperatures rise.
Aksu, a major cotton-growing area in 6． (south) Xinjiang, saw cotton output of more than 1 million metric tons in 2020, making up about one 7． (six) of the country’s total, according to the local government.
“It is encouraging 8． a specialized agricultural machinery cooperative was founded in 2017 in Shaya to provide agricultural machinery and technology 9． cotton farmers,” said Ma Zhan-ming, head of the cooperative. “The cooperative can provide mechanization 10． (serve) during the whole process, from spring sowing to harvest.”
Cloze 2（2021·福建莆田市·莆田一中高三模拟） 限时：7'
China has11． (success) landed its rover on Mars, according to state media, becoming the second country in history to have a rover on12． red planet.
The rover, Zhurong,13．(name) after a god of fire in Chinese mythology(神话), landed Saturday morning at the pre-selected area in Utopia Planitia on Mars, according to the state-run Xinhua news agency.
The six-wheel solar-powered Zhurong rover14．(weigh) about 240 kilograms and carries six scientific15．(instrument). It will be later deployed from the lander for a three-month mission in search of life on Mars' surface.
The Tianwen-1 Mars orbiter will relay its signal to the rover during its mission and then conduct a 16．(globe) survey of the planet for one Martian year. The probe has spent three months in orbit17．(survey) potential landing sites before releasing the rover to the surface.
Tianwen-118．(launch) by a Long March 5 rocket from the Wenchang space launch center in Hainan on July 23 last year, and spent seven months en route to Mars before entering its orbit in February.
Tianwen-1, 19． name means "Quest for Heavenly Truth," hopes to gather important information about the Martian soil, geological structure, environment and atmosphere, and to search20． signs of water.
Cloze 3（2021·广东高三三模） 限时：7'
Many of van Gogh’s paintings were inspired by warm, yellow sunlight because he loved how it could light up the world in different ways. His painting Sunflowers, for example, 21． (fill) with vivid yellows and browns. These colors give 22． painting a feeling of warmth and well-being. 23．, the sunflowers are actually dead and dying.
The result is a painting that combines the warmth of life that van Gogh loved with the feelings of sadness that were all around him. It is a painting that is warm, beautiful and sad, all at the same time.
Van Gogh’s most famous painting, The Starry Night, takes this 24． (mix) of joy and sadness one step further. It is a landscape full of deep blues and shadows 25． represent the sadness van Gogh was feeling as he 26． (paint), rather than what he was actually seeing.
This is why van Gogh’s 27． (image) in his painting look more imagined 28． real. The stars and moon in The Starry Night are 29． (unusual) bright, their light swirling (旋动) above the darkening hills. A tree that looks like black fire cuts through the view of the night, 30． (interrupt) its beauty.
Cloze 4（2021·黑龙江佳木斯一中高三三模） 限时：7'
The tulou buildings, 31．type of Chinese rural dwellings of the Hakka (客家人）and others in the 32．(mountain) areas in southeastern Fujian, China, 33． (build) mainly between the 12th and the 20th centuries.
In the 10th century, central China was 34． a state of war. 35．(survive) the war, large numbers of people migrated to southeast China. They built tulou with clay and rocks for living and 36．(defend). Circles of rooms are enclosed by another circle and rooms are connected by round corridors. The first and the second floors are used to raise livestock and store grains while the third and 37． (four) floors are used as bedrooms. There are more than 300 rooms in the largest tulou, 38． can accommodate more than 800 people. The center of tulou is the public area with wells and kitchens, with family meetings regularly 39．（hold) on the axis. People have lived in the tulou, cooking, washing clothes, and holding ceremonies for ancestor worship in harmony for hundreds of years.
Many of the tulou buildings are 40．(extreme) well documented and are open to the public now. You can experience the family love and customs when you pass by the lovely windows.
Cloze 5（2021·河北衡水中学高三三模） 限时：8'
When41．(approve) to be volunteer for American Peace Corps(中美友好志愿者项目), I was excited but also anxious.
My task was to introduce traditional Chinese painting to Americans who came to China by using PowerPoint.
When I was making my PPT, I discovered that there were many differences between Chinese and Western art cultures, so the most difficult problem42．(face) me was to translate painting terms from Chinese to English.
For example, when I tried to translate “意境”, which is a very common word in traditional Chinese painting, I found the phrase “artistic conception” on the Internet. However, I asked my American friend Dino, a volunteer I met at work, and he said the translation was strange and unreasonable and couldn't43．(understand) at all.
So how could I solve this translation problem? We-had a heated discussion that evening, but we44．(eventual) found a phrase in the spirit of traditional Chinese painting. We decided that “意境” means the use of abstraction to arouse a viewer’s imagination. Therefore, we could translate it as “poetic imagery”. I understood that the secret to translation is to interpret the45．(origin) meaning of the words in a certain context rather than invent a concept that does not exist in American culture.
But that wasn't the end of the challenge. When I was doing my detailed46．(present) on stage, there was a power cut, as a consequence of47．I could not use PPT! What could I do? I frowned and thought about it. Finally, I took a deep breath to calm myself What I said was based on my memory.
I showed brushes, ink48．xuan paper to begin introducing the tools of Chinese painting. I thought I would be very nervous, but as I went on, I forgot all my49．(tense) and became fluent. When I finished my speech, everyone clapped50．me. I was so proud of myself.
Cloze 6 （2021·河南高三三模） 限时：7'
Nestled among the mountains in southwest China, the world’s largest radio telescope signals Beijing’s ambitions as a 51． (globe) center for scientific research.
The Five-hundred-metre Aperture Spherical Telescope (FAST) — 52． only significant instrument of its kind after the collapse (倒塌) of another telescope in Puerto Rico this month—is about to open its doors for foreign astronomers to use, 53． (hope) to attract the world’s top scientific talent.
The Chinese installation in Pingtang, Guizhou Province, is up to three times more sensitive than the US- owned one, and it 54． (surround) by a five-kilometre “radio silence” zone.
Work on the FAST 55． (begin) in 2011 and it started full operations in January this year, working mainly 56． (catch) the radio signals sent by celestial bodies, pulsars in particular.
China has been 57． (rapid) boosting its scientific credentials (证书) to become less dependent 58． foreign technology. In the past two decades, China has built the largest high-speed train network in the world, has finished its Beidou geolocation system 59． is now in the process of bringing lunar samples back to Earth.
The data 60． is being collected by FAST should allow for a better understanding of the origins of the universe—and aid in the search for alien life.
Cloze 7（2021·湖北黄冈中学高三三模） 限时：8'
Rising numbers of visitors are heading 61． Sanxing-dui Museum in Guanghan, Sichuan province, despite the COVID-19 pandemic.
Luo Shan, a young receptionist at the site, is frequently asked by early-morning62． (tour) why they cannot find a security guard63． (show) them around. The museum employs some guards, 64． they have been unable to deal with the sudden flow of visitors, Luo said.
On Saturday, more than 9,000 people visited the museum, over four times the number on a typical weekend. Ticket sales reached 510,000 yuan ($77,830), the second65． (high) daily total since it66． (open) in 1997.
The increase in visitors was caused by a live broadcast of relics67． (dig) from six newly discovered sacrificial pits (洞穴) at the Sanxing-dui Ruins site. The transmission aired on CCTV for three days. At the site, more than 500 artifacts, including gold masks, bronze items, jade and clothes, have been unearthed from the pits,68． are 3,200 to 4,000 years old. The broadcast fueled visitors’ interest in numerous artifacts69． (early) at the site, which are on display at the museum.
Situated 40 kilometers north of Chengdu, capital of Sichuan, the site covers 12 square kilometers and contains the ruins of70． ancient city, sacrificial pits, and tombs.
Cloze 8（2021·湖南高三模拟） 限时：7'
Marco Polo was born in Venice in 1254. He was 71．(famous) westerner to visit Asia during the Middle Ages. His father, Nicolo Polo, and his uncle were 72．(wealth) traders who regularly traveled to parts of the East. It was only when they returned to Italy from China 73． Marco, who was now 15 years old, first met his father.
Marco decided to join them for their next trip. It took them more than three years to travel the 9,000 miles 74． Shangdu, capital of the Mongol Empire. The great Khan, the great Mongol Emperor, gave 75．(they) a fine welcome. Soon the young Marco became a great favorite of the Emperor and was one of his most 76．(trust) friends. Marco quickly learned the language and customs of the Chinese.
After nearly 17 years in the East, Marco and his father prepared to return home. Not long after Marco came home, the Genoese 77．(catch) him during a battle at sea. While he was a prisoner he met a writer 78． wrote down the long story that Marco told him about his travels.
He did not make any more journeys after the 79．(publish) of his books, but he had a place in history — he was the first European ever 80．(travel) to the East and to return with a story to tell.
Cloze 9 （2021·江苏） 限时：8'
An electric car is an automobile that is driven by one or more electric motors, using electrical energy stored in rechargeable batteries or another energy storage device. The first 81． （practice）electric cars were produced in the 1880s. Electric cars were popular in the late 19th century and early 2Oth century. Since2008, 82． boom in electric vehicle producing 83． （occur）due to the progress in batteries and energy management, concerns about increasing oil prices, and the need 84． （reduce）greenhouse gas emissions（排放）
Nowadays, electric cars 85． （design）for common people. Engineers are working to make them more attractive to future buyers. Electric cars' capacity for speed has increased 86． （dramatic）in recent years, and world speed records for these vehicles now top 300 miles per hour. Additionally, advancements in 87． （efficient）are making some potential buyers consider replacing a gasoline-powered vehicle with a new, attractive, electric-powered model. Another attraction for people is 88． in many areas, electric cars are qualified 89． carpool lane access. 90． the traffic on the freeway is heavy during your rush hour commute（通勤）, an electric car may be just the solution you need to get you moving to work, school, home, or wherever you are traveling.
Cloze 10 （2021·山东高三三模） 限时：8'
China earlier on Thursday successfully launched Tianhe from the Wenchang Spacecraft Launch Site, 91． (start) a series of key launch missions92．aim to complete the construction of the station by the end of next year.
The construction of the space station and a state-level space lab,93．(be) key goal to fulfilling the three strategic steps in China’s manned space program and94．important leading project for building China’s95．(strong) in science, technology and aerospace.
China’s most adventurous space attempt, the multimodule space station named Tiangong, will have three main components — a core module96．(attach) to two space laboratories — with a combined weight of nearly 70 tons. The core capsule, named Tianhe, is 16. 6 meters long 97．has a diameter (直径) of 4. 2 meters. The craft’s weight is equal98．the combined weight of 15 standard-size automobiles.
The capsule will be 99． (centre) to the space station’s future operations, given that astronauts will live there and control the entire station from inside. It will 100． (use) to host scientific and technological experiments too. The entire station is expected to become fully operational around the end of 2022 and is set to work for about 15 years.