卷01名词-【小题素养卷】冲刺2022年高考英语小题限时集训

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小题素养卷——培素养，稳实力卷01名词-【小题小卷】冲刺2022年高考英语小题限时集训（解析版）专题01 名词 难度：★★★★☆            建议用时： 30分钟              正确率 ：      /40单句语法填空1.Researchers have found that there is a direct link between the increase in food eaten outside the home and the rise in ________ (weigh) problems.2．(2021·辽宁省六校协作体高三第一次联考)China must improve its________ (capable) to prevent disasters in its effort to build a modern socialist country in an all­around way, President Xi Jinping said on Tuesday.3．(2021·重庆市第一中学高三上学期第一次月考)With the ________ (develop) of 5G, driverless cars will be able to communicate with other vehicles, which can reduce road accidents by about 10%.4．(2021·北京首师大附中高三第一次月考)Thirty­four of his poems ________ (be) included in Three Hundred Tang Poems.5．When most people think of the arts, they imagine the end product, the beautiful painting, a wonderful piece of music, or an award­winning ________ (perform) in the theatre.6．On top of that, most of the 3­D food ________ (print) now are restricted to dry ingredients, because meat and milk products may easily go bad.7．What starts as fun usage of apps ________ (turn) into tremendous pressure in real social media interaction at secondary school.8. The ________ (arrive) of driverless vehicles is a chance to make sure that those vehicles are environmentally friendly and more shared.9．“This really excites scientists，” Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says, “because it ________ (mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon is constructed.”10．If you look at all sides of the situation, you'll find probably a solution that ________ (suit) everyone.11．(2021·河南省南阳市第一中学高三上学期第二次月考)We've made all the ________ (arrange) for the conference that will be held next week. 12．Later, they learned to work with the ________ (season), planting at the right time and, in dry areas, making  use of annual floods to irrigate (灌溉) their fields.13．(2021·黑龙江省实验中学上学期高三学年阶段测试)We live day by day, but in the great things, the time of days and weeks ________ (be) so small that a day is unimportant.14．My name is Mireya Mayor. I'm a ________ (science) who studies animals such as apes and monkeys.15．(2021·重庆市第一中学高三上学期第一次月考)A number of ________ (company) are now working on bringing 5G to the market.      答案及解析：   1．答案：weight　解析：weight problems “体重问题”。2．(答案：capability　解析：句意：国家主席习近平周二表示，中国必须提高防灾能力，努力全面建设社会主义现代化国家。作动词improve的宾语用名词，表示抽象意义，不可数，故填capability。3．答案：development　解析：句意：随着5G的发展，无人驾驶车将能与其他车辆进行交流，这可以减少约10%的交通事故。此处应用名词作为介词with的宾语，development “发展”，不可数名词，故填development。4．答案：are　解析：当主语是分数或百分数时，谓语动词的单复数由of后面的名词决定。根据poems可知本句谓语动词应用复数形式。5．答案：performance　解析：根据设空前的“an award­winning”可知，此处需用名词，故填performance。6．答案：printers　解析：此处意为“大多数3－D食物打印机”；且printer为可数名词，故填printers。7．答案：turns　解析：主语是一个由what引导的主语从句，故谓语动词使用单数形式。8．答案：arrival　解析：根据前面的定冠词the可知，设空处使用名词形式，故填arrival。9．答案：means　解析：句意：“这真的使科学家们激动，”布朗大学的一位科学家卡尔·皮尔特斯说：“因为它意味着我们有机会获得月球是如何构造的信息。”根据上文“This really excites scientists”可知，此处也使用一般现在时，主语是it，所以设空处谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式means，故填means。10．答案：suits　解析：句意：如果你从各个方面看问题，你可能会找到一个适合每个人的解决方案。句子描述的客观事实，应使用一般现在时；此处是定语从句谓语动词，先行词是a solution，从句谓语动词应使用第三人称单数形式。11．答案：arrangements　解析：句意：我们已经为下周召开的会议做好了一切安排。句中应用名词作made的宾语。arrangement “安排”，可数名词，根据前面的all可知用复数形式。 12．答案：seasons　解析：句意：后来，他们学会了因地制宜，在适当的时间播种，在干旱地区，利用每年的洪水来灌溉农田。season为可数名词，应用复数形式。13．答案：is　解析：句意：我们日复一日地生活，但在大量的事物中，几日和几周的时间如此少以至于一天微不足道。the time of days and weeks是主语，表示单数，所以谓语动词要用单数形式。根据We live day by day可知要用一般现在时，表示经常性的动作或存在的状态。14．答案：scientist　解析：此处介绍“我”的身份是一位科学家。因此应填scientist。15．答案：companies　解析：句意：现在许多公司正致力于将5G推向市场。a number of “许多，大量”，后应加复数名词，故填companies。               A组语法填空阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。Sending gifts varies greatly from country to country. In Australia, Canada, the United States 1______ European countries, sending gifts is ___2______（rare) expected. While seen as a nice gesture, it is very important to avoid giving highly personal gifts such as clothing. When ________3(visit) the home of a colleague from one of these countries, you should bring 4________ appropriate gift to the hostess.In America, expensive gifts are definitely out. A good ________5(choose) is to take the deserving person to dinner, or a sports event.  6_______ the contrary, gift giving is a _______7(tradition) custom in Japan. In Japan, the proper gift is considered ___________8(express) the giver’s true friendship, gratitude and respect far better than words. If you plan to visit Japan or to have any Japanese visit you here, be prepared. Australia is known for 9_________ (it) friendliness and informality. So modest gifts, such as a diary, a paperweight, or a coffee cup might 10__________(present) to a friend.So next time you visit these places, remember to do as the Romans do while in Rome. 语法填空1.and  2. rarely   3.visiting  4. an   5.choice   6. On  7.traditional  8. to express  9. its  10.be presented 短文改错(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除:把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。修改:在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意:1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2.只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。I've had many dreams since I was a child. Now my dream is to opens a cafe. Though it may appear simple, it required a lot of ideas and efforts. What I want is not just an ordinarily cafe but a very special one. I want my cafe have a special theme such as like "Tang Dynasty". In the cafe, customers will enjoy yourselves in the historical environment what is created for them. If I succeed in manage one, I will open more. I wish to have a chain of cafes in many different city. Each of my cafes will have a different theme and an unique style.【答案】1.opens→open
2.required→requires   
3.ordinarily→ordinary   
4.cafe后面加上to
5.去掉like  
6.yourselves→themselves   
7.what→that/which
8.manage→managing  
9.city→cities   
10.an→a【解析】
这是一篇记叙文，本文讲述了作者开咖啡馆的梦想。
【详解】
1. 考查不定式。句意：现在我的梦想是开一家咖啡馆。不定式作表语，to后用动词原形。故把opens改为open。
2. 考查动词的时态。句意：虽然它看起来很简单，但它需要很多想法和努力。短文的主体时态都是现在时，所以本句也为一般现在时，主语it是第三人称，故谓语动词应用单数形式。故把required改为requires。
3. 考查形容词。句意：我想要开的不是一家普通的咖啡馆，而是一家特别的咖啡馆。修饰名词cafe，应用形容词，ordinarily是副词。故把ordinarily改为ordinary。
4. 考查动词的固定搭配。句意：我希望我的咖啡馆有一个特别的主题，比如“唐朝”。want sb./sth. to do sth想要某人/某物做某事。故在have前加to。
5. 考查介词。句意：我希望我的咖啡馆有一个特别的主题，比如“唐朝”。such as和like都是用来举例子，重复了。故把like删除。
6. 考查代词。句意：在咖啡馆里，顾客可以享受为他们创造的历史环境。customers是句子的主语，故此处应是“他们自己”，宾语用themselves。故把yourselves改为themselves。
7. 考查定语从句。句意：在咖啡馆里，顾客可以享受为他们创造的历史环境。先行词environment在从句中作主语，指物，关系代词用that/which。故把what改为that/which。
8. 考查动名词。句意：如果我成功经营一家咖啡馆，我会开更多的餐馆。succeed in doing something意为“成功做了某事”，是固定短语。故把manage改为managing。
9. 考查名词单复数。句意：我希望在许多不同的城市拥有连锁咖啡馆。many different后跟可数名词的复数形式。故把city改为cities。
10. 考查冠词。句意：我的每一家咖啡馆都会有不同的主题和独特的风格。an用在元音音素前，a用在辅音音素前。unique是以辅音音素开头的单词，前用a。故把an改为a。 B组话题：这是一篇说明文。主要说明了联合国教科文组织世界遗产委员会在阿塞拜疆首都巴库举行的第43届会议上，于周六宣布中国良渚遗址为世界遗产。难度：★★建议用时：6分阅读下面文，在空处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。China’s Liangzhu Archaeological Site ____36____(declare) on the list of World Heritage sites on Saturday by UNESCO’s World Heritage Committee during its 43rd session in Baku, the capital of Azerbaijan.The site, ____37____is located in Yuhang District in Hangzhou City in China’s eastern Zhejiang Province, showcases the civilization of prehistoric rice agriculture between 3,300 B.C. ____38____ 2,300 B.C. The ruins of ancient Liangzhu city were discovered in 2007, and then large dam sites ____39____(surround) the Liangzhu ancient city were unearthed continuously after 2009. It was ____40____ (official) submitted lo UNESCO in 2019, hoping to win _____41_____ (recognize) as a World Cultural Heritage Site. The site ____42____ (include) archaeological remains and unearthed cultural relics of the Liangzhu Ancient City as well as a wetland that covers ____43____ area of 908. 89 hectares in a plain river network. It is also found that the Liangzhu ancestors started to use characters about 5 ,000 years ago, 1 ,000 years ____44____ (early) than previously thought, according to Colin Renfrew, a retired professor of archaeology at the University of Cambridge.The World Heritage Committee added Liangzhu to the UNESCO list_______45_______ (encourage) better protection of the site, considered to be of “outstanding universal value” to humanity.【答案】36. was declared    37. which    38. and    39. surrounding    40. officially    41. recognition    42. includes    43. an    44. earlier    45. to encourage【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。主要说明了联合国教科文组织世界遗产委员会在阿塞拜疆首都巴库举行的第43届会议上，于周六宣布中国良渚遗址为世界遗产。同时说明了良渚遗址的一些情况。【36题详解】考查动词时态语态。本句中主语与谓语动词构成被动关系，且根据时间状语on Saturday可知为一般过去时，主语为Liangzhu Archaeological Site，谓语动词用单数形式。故填was declared。【37题详解】考查定语从句关系词。本句为非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词site，且先行词在从句中做主语，表示“遗址”故用关系代词which。故填which。【38题详解】考查连词。根据固定短语between…and…“在……之间”。故填and。【39题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：2007年发现良渚古城遗址，2009年以后，围绕良渚古城的大型水坝遗址陆续出土。分析句子结构可知surround在句中做非谓语动词，与逻辑主语dam sites构成主动关系，故用现在分词。故填surrounding。【40题详解】考查副词。句意：它于2019年正式提交联合国教科文组织，希望获得世界文化遗产的认可。修饰句中动词submit应用副词，故填officially。【41题详解】考查名词。此处做win的宾语，且表示“认可”应用名词recognition。故填recognition。【42题详解】考查动词时态。本空为句子的谓语动词，且结合语境描述客观事实用一般现在时，主语为site，故谓语动词用第三人称单数。故填includes。【43题详解】考查冠词。area为可数名词，此处表示泛指应用不定冠词，且area为元音音素开头的单词。cover an area of指占地面积，故填an。【44题详解】考查形容词比较级。根据后文than previously thought可知应用形容词比较级，故填earlier。【45题详解】考查非谓语动词。句中已有谓语动词added，分析句子结构可知encourage在句中做非谓语动词，且做目的状语故用不定式。故填to encourage。【点睛】当分词做状语的时候，如果构成分词的动词与句子的主语构成主动关系，就使用现在分词做状语；当二者构成被动关系，使用过去分词做状语。如果分词的动作发生在谓语动词之前，就使用分词的完成式。如果分词与句子的主语没有关系，可以使用状语从句或者独立主格结构。如第四小题，分析句子结构可知surround在句中做非谓语动词，与逻辑主语dam sites构成主动关系，故用现在分词。故填surrounding。短文改错(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除:把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。修改:在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意:1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2.只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。To offer a chance for our students to keep in touch with society, last Saturday our class was organized some meaningful social practice activities. We were divided into second groups. One group went to the crossings near our school, intending to helping the traffic policemen. The another group went to collect rubbishes in Hongxing Park. Meanwhile, we introduced some simply ways of environmental protection and remind people not to destroy the beauty of nature. It was the memorable day because our behavior received praise the public and we benefited a lot from these activities.【答案】第一处： our→us第二处： 去掉was第三处： second→two第四处： helping→help第五处： another→other第六处： rubbishes→rubbish第七处： simply→simple第八处： remind→reminded第九处： the→a第十处： praise后面加from【解析】【文章大意】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲了为了给学生提供一个与社会保持联系的机会，上周六作者班组织了一些有意义的社会实践活动。作者从活动中受益良多。【详解】第一处：考查代词宾格。句意：为了给我们学生提供一个与社会保持联系的机会，上周六我们班组织了一些有意义的社会实践活动。作介词之后的宾语，用宾格us，且作ourselves的同位语。所以our改成us。第二处：考查语态。句意：为了给我们学生提供一个与社会保持联系的机会，上周六我们班组织了一些有意义的社会实践活动。“我们班”和“组织”之间是主动关系，用主动语态，所以去掉was。第三处：考查基数词。句意：我们被分成两组。“两组”应该用基数词，所以second改成two。第四处：考查固定用法。句意：有一组来到我们学校附近的十字路口，打算帮助交警。intend to do想要做某事，该用法是固定用法，所以helping改成help。第五处：考查固定用法。句意：另一组去红星公园收垃圾。one…the other一个……另一个，该用法是固定用法，所以another改成other。第六处：考查名词。句意：另一组去红星公园收垃圾。rubbish是不可数名词， 所以rubbishes改成rubbish。第七处：考查形容词。句意：同时，我们介绍了一些简单的环保方法，提醒人们不要破坏自然之美。修饰名词ways，用形容词，所以simply改成simple。第八处：考查时态。句意：同时，我们介绍了一些简单的环保方法，提醒人们不要破坏自然之美。描述发生在过去的事情，用一般过去时，所以remind改成reminded。第九处：考查冠词。句意：这是一个值得纪念的日子，因为我们的行为得到了公众的赞扬，我们从这些活动中受益良多。day 为可数名词，本句泛指“一个值得纪念的日子”，memorable的首字母发音是辅音，用不定冠词a，所以the改成a。第十处：考查固定用法。句意：这是一个值得纪念的日子，因为我们的行为得到了公众的赞扬，我们从这些活动中受益良多。receive …from从…… 中收到，该用法是固定用法，所以praise后面加from。