卷05+非谓语动词-【小题仿真卷】冲刺2022年高考英语小题限时集训

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小题仿真卷——模实战，提速度【小题小卷】冲刺2022年高考英语小题限时集训（解析版）专题05 非谓语动词A组难度：★★★★☆            建议用时： 20分钟              正确率 ：      /40单句语法填空1．Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Chang'e­4 ________ (find) and study areas of the South Pole­Aitken basin.2．They represent the earth ________ (come) back to life and best wishes for new beginnings.3．They make great gifts and you see them many times ________ (decorate) with red envelopes and messages of good fortune.4．They are easy ________ (care) for and make great presents.5．(2021·甘肃省天水一中高三上学期第一次模考)The responses to the question were various, even some quite funny ones ________ (include)．6．(2021·安徽省“江淮十校”高三第二次质量检测)Du Fu was appointed registrar (登记员) in the prince's palace, but the Ah Lushan Rebellion of 755 prevented him from ________ (occupy) the post. 7．(2021·北京首师大附中高三第一次月考)I saw a big black cloud ________ (move) towards me. 8．Earth Day, ________ (mark) on 22 April, is an annual event aiming to raise public awareness about environmental protection.9．________ (learn) to think critically is an important skill today's children will need for the future.10．Most colleges now offer first­year students a course specially ________ (design) to help them succeed academically and personally.11．(2021·辽宁省六校协作体高三第一次联考)He also went to Magang Group, a subsidiary of China Baowu Steel Group, ________ (learn) about the company's resumption (重新开始) of production and business operations.12．And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds ________ (surround) the mountain tops, he was reduced to tears.13．Agriculture gave people their first experience of the power of technology________ (change) lives.14．You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of ________ (die) early by running. 15．I need a new passport so I will have to have my photograph ________ (take)．16．I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid ________ (look) directly into his eyes so he doesn't feel ________ (challenge)．  答案及解析：1．答案：to find解析：句意：中国的研究者希望使用嫦娥四号上的设备来发现和研究南极艾特肯盆地。此处表示目的，应使用不定式作目的状语。2．答案：coming　解析：句意：它们代表着大地的复苏和对新开端的美好祝愿。represent sb/sth doing sth “展示某人/某物做某事”，故填coming。3．答案：decorated　解析：句中them与decorate之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词作宾语补足语。4．答案：to care　解析：句意：它们很容易照料，也很适合作为礼物。此处为“be＋形容词＋to do”结构。5．(2021·甘肃省天水一中高三上学期第一次模考)The responses to the question were various, even some quite funny ones ________ (include)．答案：included　解析：句意：对这个问题的回答五花八门，甚至包括一些相当有趣的回答。ones和include之间是被动关系，故用过去分词included作后置定语。6．(2021·安徽省“江淮十校”高三第二次质量检测)Du Fu was appointed registrar (登记员) in the prince's palace, but the Ah Lushan Rebellion of 755 prevented him from ________ (occupy) the post. 答案：occupying　解析：句意：杜甫被任命为太子殿的登记员，但755年的安史之乱使他无法担任这个职位。from为介词，后接动名词作宾语。故填occupying。7．(2021·北京首师大附中高三第一次月考)I saw a big black cloud ________ (move) towards me. 答案：moving　解析：句意：我看见一大片乌云向我飘来。see sb doing sth “看到某人正在做某事”。cloud与moving在逻辑上是主动关系，所以用现在分词作宾语补足语。故填moving。8．答案：marked　解析：句意：地球日定于4月22日，是一项旨在提高公众环保意识的年度活动。设空处作名词Earth Day的后置定语，且与Earth Day是被动关系，故用过去分词短语作定语。9．答案：Learning　解析：设空处在主句中作主语，应该用动名词形式，因此填Learning。10．答案：designed　解析：a course与design是被动关系，因此用过去分词作后置定语。11．(2021·辽宁省六校协作体高三第一次联考)He also went to Magang Group, a subsidiary of China Baowu Steel Group, ________ (learn) about the company's resumption (重新开始) of production and business operations.答案：to learn　解析：句意：他还去了中国宝武钢铁集团的子公司马钢集团，了解该公司恢复生产和经营的情况。句子的谓语动词是went，设空处需填动词不定式作目的状语。故填to learn。12．答案：surrounding　解析：句意：当他看到雾气从河上升起，山顶上乌云环绕，他不禁流下了眼泪。surround在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语clouds构成主动关系，故应用现在分词。13．答案：to change　解析：句意：农业让人们第一次体验到技术改变生活的力量。结合句意可知此处应用不定式表示目的。14．答案：dying　解析：作介词of的宾语，使用动名词，故填dying。15．答案：taken　解析：have sth  done “让……被做”，photograph与take之间为被动关系，故用taken。16．答案：looking; challenged　解析：avoid后接动名词作宾语，avoid doing sth 意为“避免做某事”。feel为系动词，后接形容词，此处表“被挑战的”，修饰人，故用challenged。语法填空阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。Wild elephants that had been roaming the southern Chinese province of Yunnan for more than three months returned to a “more appropriate” habitat, Chinese experts told Xinhua news agency. The animals     1     (begin) a migration in May from their usual habitat in Xishuangbanna,    2    region known for its tropical forest, to the north of the province without clear reason. The herd managed     3      (cross) the Yuanjiang River Sunday, the main obstacle they had to continue their return to a more favorable habitat. The arrival of the rainy season in the area in July added difficulty    4      its crossing, since the river flow has increased      5      (considerable). According to Xinhua, authorities blocked the river bank with dozens of trucks to prevent the elephants from crossing,     6     (force) them to continue their journey to a bridge, through     7      they could cross the river without complications (困难). Chen Mingyong, an elephant researcher at Yunnan University, said the Yuanjiang River      8      (be) the dividing line that marks “the suitability of the environment for the life of elephants”. In the north, the original direction the animals took, it is colder and there is less food,    9      the Yuanjiang River basin, where they are found, has plenty of food. According to Chen, elephant habitats can be divided into four    10    (category): “highly appropriate, appropriate, normal and inappropriate,” and the animals are now in a suitable one.1. began 2. a 3. to cross 4. to 5. considerably 6. forcing 7. which 8. is  9. while  10. categories【分析】本文是说明文。中国专家告诉新华社，在中国南部省份云南游荡了三个多月的野生大象回到了一个“更合适”的栖息地。1.考查时态。句意：今年5月，在没有明确理由情况下，这些动物从它们通常的栖息地西双版纳,一个以热带森林闻名的地区迁移到该省北部。 in May 是过去时间，所以谓语动词用一般过去时。故填began。2.考查冠词。句意：今年5月，在没有明确理由的情况下，这些动物从它们通常的栖息地西双版纳，一个以热带森林闻名的地区迁移到该省北部。单数可数名词前用不定冠词，表示一个，region发音以辅音音素开头，需用不定冠词a。故填a。3.考查非谓语动词。句意：周日，象群设法渡过了元江，这是它们必须继续返回更有利栖息地的主要障碍。manage to do设法做成某事。故填to cross。4.考查介词。句意：7月份雨季的到来增加了该地区的跨越困难，因为河流流量大大增加。add ...to表示增添。故填to。5.考查副词。句意：7月份雨季的到来增加了该地区的跨越困难，因为河流流量大大增加。副词修饰动词，增加是动词用可观的副词修饰。故填considerably。6.考查非谓语动词。句意：据新华社报道,当局封锁了河岸的卡车,以防止大象穿越,迫使他们继续他们的旅程的桥梁,他们可以没有困难地渡河。前面有谓语动词block，强迫和谓语之间没有连词，可以判断出用非谓语动词，前面这件事和迫使是主动关系用现在分词。故填forcing。7.考查定语从句。句意：据新华社报道,当局封锁了河岸的卡车,以防止大象穿越,迫使他们继续他们的旅程的桥梁,他们可以没有困难地渡河。a bridge是先行词，指物，在定语从句中做介词的宾语。故填which。8.考查主谓一致。句意：云南大学大象研究人员陈明勇表示，沅江是“大象生存环境适宜性”的分水岭。表示客观事实用一般现在时，主语是一条江，谓语动词用单数。故填is。9.考查连词。句意：在动物们迁徙的北方，天气更冷，食物也更少，而它们出没的元江流域，食物却很充足。前面的less food和 后面的plenty of food.形成对比，表示“然而”用while。故填while。10.考查名词。句意：据陈教授介绍，大象的栖息地可以分为四类:“高度适宜、适宜、正常和不适宜”，而这些动物现在处于适宜的栖息地。four修饰复数名词。故填categories。短文改错假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除:把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。修改:在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意:1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2.只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。（2021•江南十校一模•短文改错）Last Monday, I was informed to host the graduation ceremony with one of my classmate in our school hall. Faced such a great opportunity, we both feel excited. In order to make the ceremony successful, so we made enough preparations for it. They arranged the programmes, got familiar with the words and practised a lot together.When I got on the stage, I was so nervous, beyond my control, which I made the mistake. What an embarrassed moment! Just then, I noticed my teacher smiling at me. Because his encouragement, I calmed down and everything worked out smooth as expected.【答案】1. classmate→classmates2. Faced→Facing3. feel→felt4.删除so5. They→We6. which→that7. the→a8. embarrassed→embarrassing9. Because后加上of10. smooth→smoothly【解析】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者和同学一起主持毕业典礼，结果作者因为太紧张犯了一个错误，多亏了老师的鼓励，作者冷静下来，让一切都顺利进行。1.考查名词的数。句意：上周一，我被告知要和我的一位同学在学校礼堂主持毕业典礼。classmate为可数名词，此处为“one of+复数名词”结构，classmate应用复数。故 classmate改为classmates。2.考查非谓语动词。句意：面对这样一个非常好的机会，我们都感到很兴奋。分析句子结构可知face在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语we构成主动关系，故应用现在分词作状语。故 Faced改为Facing。3.考查动词时态。句意：面对这样一个非常好的机会，我们都感到很兴奋。结合上文可知事情发生在上周一，应用一般过去时。故 feel改为felt。4.考查句子结构。句意：为了使仪式顺利举行，我们做了充分的准备。此处为简单句，前后不存在因果关系，不需要连词so。故删除so。5.考查代词。句意：我们安排节目，熟悉单词，一起练习。此处指“我和我的同学”应用代词we。故 They改为We。6.考查状语从句。句意：当我上了舞台，我太紧张了，无法控制，以至于我犯了一个错误。表示“如此……以至于……”引导结果状语从句应用so…that…。故which改为that。7.考查冠词。句意：当我上了舞台，我太紧张了，无法控制，所以我犯了一个错误。mistake此处为泛指，应用不定冠词，且mistake是发音以辅音音素开头的单词，应用a。故the改为a。8.考查形容词。句意：多么令人尴尬的时刻！修饰名词moment应用-ing结尾形容词embarrassing，表示“令人尴尬的”。故 embarrassed改为embarrassing。9.考查固定短语。句意：因为他的鼓励，我冷静下来，一切都如预期的顺利进行。后跟名词encouragement作宾语，表示“因为”应用短语because of；because引导原因状语从句，后跟句子。故 Because后加上of。10.考查副词。句意：因为他的鼓励，我冷静下来，一切都如预期的顺利进行。修饰动词短语work out应用副词smoothly，作状语。故 smooth改为smoothly。B组语法填空阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
清华贫困生“树洞”全网刷屏 A Tsinghua University student's online stories about his penny-pinching campus life have brought many netizens to tears, who were moved by his meticulous accounts(叙述) of ___11___ study grants and scholarships helped him overcome difficulties and inspired him to give back to society __12___ return.Upon enrollment, the student ____13____(award) a total of 13,000 yuan through a scholarship and subsidy for poverty-hit recipients. Putting aside tuition and other fees, he was left with just 6,500 yuan, ___14____ covered all his expenses in a year. He lived __15___ a tight budget of about 400 yuan a month, eating frugally(节约地) in the canteen and avoiding class outings which cost extra money.In his junior year, he found ____16___(him) a tutoring job near the campus. ___17___ work earned him 100 yuan an hour, ____18____(raise) his spending power to 2,000-3,000 yuan a month. After entering graduate school, he decided in turn to donate his hard-earned money to needy students. He gives away 3,200 yuan to four students every semester through a charity organization. "Having received help myself, I believe I should give back to help match the ___19_____(kind)," he said. "I hope one day I can establish a foundation like my fellow Tsinghua University alumni ____20___(help) people in need." 答案解析：11. how考查宾语从句的连词。根据句意此处应填how如何。12. in考查固定短语。in return 作为回报。13. was awarded考查动词时态和语态。student和award之间为被动关系，且发生在过去所以用一般过去时的被动语态。14. which考查定语从句，引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为6500yuan，用关系代词which指代。15. on考查固定短语。live on…靠…过活16. himself考查反身代词。主语和宾语相同时用反身代词。17. The考查冠词，指代上文已经出现的a tutoring job, 此处为特指用定冠词the.18. raising考查非谓语。本句谓语为earned, raise和句子主语work之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作状语。19. kindness考查词性转换。此处作宾语用名词。20. to help考查非谓语。不定式作目的状语，表目的。 全文翻译：近日，一篇清华贫困生的匿名贴文在网络刷屏，使无数网友感动落泪。作者用一篇长文详细叙述了自己是在助学金和奖学金的帮助下求学，期间虽身处困境又无私地选择资助更困难的学弟学妹回馈社会。文章中提到，他当年入学时奖学金和助学金共计13000余元，扣除学杂费，一年可支配的资金只有6500元。他给自己制定了严格的开支计划，每个月只能花400元。在食堂里想办法用最少的钱吃到最可口的饭菜；因无法承担班级出游花销，错过了和同学的合照……大三他在学校附近找了一份家教兼职，每小时100元，每月生活费增加到2000-3000元。顺利拿到清华的保研名额进入研究生学习生涯后，在自身并不宽裕的情况下，他每个学期拿出3200元，资助4名家乡希望小学孩子的生活费和学杂费。“我接受了这一切，那么我就该做出相应的回报，匹配我的德行，去资助像我一样的孩子，我想就是未来我要做的…… 希望未来有一天，我的能力能像是清华的校友一样，能成立基金会。我想我会亲力亲为，去真正做一些实事。”短文改错假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除:把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。修改:在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意:1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2. 只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。I love doing housework. I always assist my parents in doing the dish after meals. I also water the flowers in the yard and tidying up my own bedroom whatever necessary. In my opinion, students can benefit a lot doing some housework. Firstly, doing housework was helpful for us to be a responsible person. Also, it gives our parents more time to do what they are like and it improves the family relationship. What’s most, doing housework can be a form of mentally relaxation from study. That’s our view on housework. And hopes this can inspire more thinking on the topic!【答案】1. dish→dishes2. tidying→tidy3. whatever→whenever4. doing前加from5. was→is6. 去掉are7. most→more8. mentally→mental9. our→my10. hopes→hope【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者对于做家务这件事的看法以及做家务会带来的好处。1. 考查名词单复数。句意：饭后我总是帮助父母洗碗。固定短语“do the dishes”译为“洗餐具”。故将dish改为dishes。2. 考查动词。句意：我也给院子里的花浇水，必要时打扫我自己的卧室。分析句子结构以及并列连词and可知，此处tidy up是并列谓语。根据上文的“water the flowers”可知，句子要使用一般现在时。主语第一人称I，谓语动词用原型。故将tidying改为tidy。3. 考查连词。句意：我也给院子里的花浇水，必要时打扫我自己的卧室。根据句意可知，此处表达“有必要时我也会打扫自己的卧室”，所以用whenever(无论何时)引导让步状语从句。故将whatever改为whenever。4. 考查介词。句意：在我看来，学生可以从做家务中受益很多。固定短语“benefit......from...... ”译为“从……中获益”。故在doing前加from。5. 考查时态。句意：首先，做家务有助于我们成为一个负责任的人。根据全文时态可知，本文陈述客观事实需要用一般现在时。主语doing housework为单数，谓语也用单数。故将was改为is。6. 考查动词。句意：同时，这也给了我们的父母更多的时间去做他们喜欢的事情，改善了家庭关系。根据句意可知，此处表达“去做他们喜欢的事情”，动词like译为“喜欢”满足句意；所以动词like前的系动词are多余。故删去are。7. 考查固定搭配。句意：此外，做家务可以是一种从学习中获得精神放松的方式。固定短语“what’s more”译为“此外”。故将most改为more。8. 考查形容词。句意：同时，这也给了我们的父母更多的时间去做他们喜欢的事情，改善了家庭关系。修饰名词relaxation(放松)需要用形容词。故将mentally改为mental。9. 考查人称代词。句意：这是我对家务的看法。根据全文内容以及句意可知，此处表达“这是我对家务的看法”。故将our改为my。10. 考查祈使句。句意：希望这能激发更多关于这个话题的思考！分析句子结构可知，此处为祈使句，所以动词hope需要用动词原形。故将hopes改为hope。