专题 01 备战2022高考英语外刊时文热点阅读理解 （系列一）

这是一份专题 01 备战2022高考英语外刊时文热点阅读理解 （系列一），共10页。试卷主要包含了 anchr v等内容，欢迎下载使用。
文章1：生物浸出技术回收电子垃圾
文章2：Facebk将全力进军“元宇宙”
文章3：日本研发出3D打印“和牛肉”技术
文章4：圣诞游玩——美国国家公园
（一）
生物浸出技术回收电子垃圾
“电子垃圾”是指被废弃不再使用的电器或电子设备。根据总部位于瑞士布鲁塞尔的WEEE论坛公布的数据，在2021年，地球上平均每个人产生了约7.6公斤电子垃圾，这意味着全球将产生5740万吨的巨量电子垃圾。如今，电子垃圾的回收问题越来越为人们所关注。
阅读短文并回答问题
In 2019, the wrld generated 54.6 millin tns f e-waste. Hwever, just 17.4 percent f it was frmally cllected and recycled. Since 2014, the amunt f e-waste recycled has grwn by 1.8 millin tns — a relatively small amunt, cnsidering that the amunt f e-waste generated increased by 9.2 millin tns in the same perid.
Glbal reserves f sme elements, such as platinum（铂）, are suppsed t be fully used up within 15 years if the prprtin f recycled stcks entering prductin desn’t increase. E-waste and EV batteries are currently recycled thrugh prcesses called pyrmetallurgy and hydrmetallurgy. Hwever, they invlve burning temperatures with a high energy demand and deep carbn ftprint, and pisnus chemicals which are harmful t the envirnment. Alternatives are therefre being sught.
A team f scientists frm the University f Cventry are extending ne such alternative. They have been using nn-pisnus bacteria t xidize（使氧化）and recver the precius metals — a prcess knwn as “bileaching”. They have shwn that cpper is widely recverable frm e-waste, and that all metals present in EV batteries can be recvered by using micrbes（微生物）. If extended, bileaching facilities wuld mean that manufacturers f EV batteries and ther electrnic gds wuld be able t recver metals lcally, relying less n cstly exprts t recycling centers abrad.
“At present, a key limitatin fr e-waste recycling is the lack f certificatin detailing the types and amunts f metals cntained in electrnic gds. But with an efficient recycling prcess appearing, manufacturers have the mtivatin t use mre recycled material in their prducts, which will change the very design f electrnics gds. It’s abut clsing the lp f a prduct’s life cycle,” said the leader f the Bileaching Research Grup, Sebastien Farnaud.
Ultimately, bileaching technlgy is brn ut f the idea f creating a truly circular prcess fr the things that we cnsume. We need t shift frm a mindset and ecnmy where we see waste as an end prduct, t ne where there isn’t even a start r an end at all.
1. What d the statistics in paragraph 1 indicate?
A. Peple pay little attentin t e-waste recycling.
B. The recycling rate f e-waste is cmparatively lw.
C. E-waste has caused serius envirnmental prblems.
D. The amunt f e-waste is sharply increasing every year.
2. What is the disadvantage f current ways f recycling e-waste?
A. They nly apply t certain e-waste.
B. They are nt envirnmentally friendly.
C. They generate metals with a cmplex prcess.
D. They cause a sharp rise in lcal temperatures.
3. What d we knw abut the bileaching technlgy?
A. It has been applied abrad.
B. It releases n pisnus gas.
C. It recvers metals by micrbes.
D. It prmtes the lcal exprt trade.
4. The text is mst prbably a part f .
A. a news reprt
B. a fictin nvel
C. a health magazine
D. a scientific jurnal
【参考答案】：BBCD
【单词】
1. pyrmetallurgy n. 火法冶金术
2. hydrmetallurgy n. 湿法冶金术
3. cpper n. 铜
4. mindset n. 思维倾向
【短语】
1. increase by 增加
2. in the same perid 在同一时期
3. brn ut 诞生
【长难句】
If extended, bileaching facilities wuld mean that manufacturers f EV batteries and ther electrnic gds wuld be able t recver metals lcally, relying less n cstly exprts t recycling centers abrad.
分析：该句为主从复合句。“If extended”为省略了主语和谓语“bileaching facilities were”的条件状语从句，主句为“bileaching facilities wuld mean…centers abrad”；其中“manufacturers f EV batteries…abrad”为宾语从句，从句中“relying less n cstly exprts t recycling centers abrad”为现在分词结构作结果状语。
译文：如果生物浸出技术得到大规模应用，这将意味着电动汽车电池和其他电子产品的制造商能够就地回收金属成为回收场所，从而减少对国外回收中心昂贵出口的依赖。
（二）
Facebk将全力进军“元宇宙”
Facebk创始人马克·扎克伯格近日宣布把母公司更名为Meta，并希望人们将其视为“元宇宙公司”。元宇宙将利用VR和AR等技术创造“虚拟存在感”，让在线互动更接近真实体验，人们无需使用电脑，戴上头盔便可以进入虚拟世界做几乎所有事情，包括工作、游戏、听音乐会以及和亲友社交。这样的未来你期待吗？
阅读短文并回答问题
Recently, Facebk has changed its crprate name t Meta. The cmpany said it wuld better include what it des, as it bradens its reach beynd scial media int areas like virtual reality (VR). The CEO Mark Zuckerberg said the existing brand culd nt pssibly represent everything that they’re ding tday, let alne in the future. He als revealed the cmpany’s plans t build a “metaverse（元宇宙）” — an nline wrld where peple can game, wrk and cmmunicate in a virtual envirnment.
The term “metaverse” was invented by authr Neal Stephensn in Snw Crash, a science fictin published in 1992. In the wrk, the metaverse is a srt f 3D virtual wrld. It’s nt simply a virtual reality game but is a persistent and shared virtual wrld. Or rather, the metaverse is a whle universe f shared virtual spaces seemingly linked tgether — yu culd, essentially, teleprt（瞬移）between them.
Metaverse cmbined at the very least five technlgies — they are scial media, nline game, Augmented Reality (AR), Virtual Reality (VR) and cryptcurrency（加密货币）. Thse technlgies will bring users t an interactive wrld. AR and VR are vital fr Metaverse. VR serves t present the virtual wrld visually and then AR will prvide the audi and sensrs fr peple t be able t interact. With Metaverse, Facebk will ffer nt nly a texting service but als a multi-perspective virtual tuch that feels like a real thing.
Facebk said that it plans t create 10,000 jbs in Eurpe ver the next five years t wrk n metaverse-related endeavurs. The cmpany als has intrduced Oculus-branded virtual-reality headsets, and it jined with Ray-Ban t develp smart sunglasses that went n sale fr $299. “Over time, I hpe that we are seen as a metaverse cmpany and I want t anchr ur wrk and ur identity n what we’re building twards,” Mark Zuckerberg said. “I view this wrk as critical t ur missin because delivering a sense f presence — like yu’re right there with anther persn — that’s the highest gal f nline scial experiences,” he said.
1. Why has Facebk changed its crprate name?
A. T lead the gaming industry.
B. T cver its extended business.
C. T imprve its crprate image.
D. T attract investment fr its new plans.
2. What is paragraph 2 mainly abut?
A. The intrductin t the VR game.
B. The future with 3D virtual wrld.
C. The rigin f the wrd “metaverse”.
D. The imprtance f the nvel Snw Crash.
3. What d we knw abut Metaverse?
A. It has a wide range f applicatins.
B. It ffers peple deeply interactive experiences.
C. It enables peple t enjy a free texting service.
D. It uses the five technlgies t explre the universe.
4. What can be inferred frm the last paragraph?
A. There will be fierce cmpetitin in the metaverse market.
B. Facebk will fcus n designing virtual devices.
C. Facebk will be devted t develping the metaverse.
D. Metaverse will be the center f nline experience studies.
【参考答案】：BCBC
【单词】
1. persistent adj. 持续的
2. audi n. 声音
3. sensr n. 传感器
4. headset n. 耳机
5. anchr v. 使固定
【短语】
1. let alne 更不必说
2. r rather 更精确地说
3. g n sale 出售
【知识拓展】
cryptcurrency
加密货币，是一种不依靠法定货币机构发行，不受央行管控的虚拟货币。它依据全世界的计算机运算一组方程式开源代码，通过计算机显卡、cpu大量的运算处理产生，并使用密码学的设计来确保货币流通各个环节。基于密码学的设计可以使加密货币职能被真实的拥有者转移或支付。最早的加密货币是2009年的比特币。
（三）
日本研发出3D打印“和牛肉”技术
日本和牛是当今世界公认的品质最好的良种肉牛之一。近日，日本的研究人员成功制造出了3D打印“和牛肉”，这种人造肉的垂直切片与真实的和牛肉非常相像。让我们一起来看看吧。
阅读短文并回答问题
Scientists based in Japan’s Osaka University have fund a way t 3D printed wagyu（和牛）beef in a lab — a step they believe will ne day help make widely available and sustainably-prduced cuts f cultured meat that clsely resemble riginal prducts.
Using stem cells that they tk frm wagyu cws, the scientists set ut t create a structure with the characteristic marbling seen in wagyu beef that sets it apart frm ther cuts f beef. By islating beef cells, the scientists rganized the muscles, bld vessels, and fat. The researchers then shaped these tissues int the frm f a steak by using a technique called 3D biprinting, where cell structures can be layered（分层）t resemble real tissues in living things.
Wagyu beef is knwn t be extremely expensive, with wagyu selling fr up t $200 per pund and adult cws selling fr mre than $30,000. In 2019, Japan’s wagyu exprts reached a recrd high f $268.8 millin in prfits, up 20% frm 2018. This might be the first cut f wagyu beef ever t be 3D-printed. The researchers believe that prving that a wagyu beef can be accurately 3D-printed culd be a big step tward a sustainable future where cultured meat can be created that clsely resembles existing prducts.
3D printed wagyu beef riginates frm real meat and is als different frm plant-based ptins. “By imprving this technlgy, it will be pssible t nt nly reprduce cmplex meat structures, such as the beautiful marbling f wagyu beef but t als make small adjustments t the fat and muscle cmpnents,” Michiya Matsusaki, ne f the prject’s researchers, said in a statement. Michiya Matsusaki added that with these adjustments, custmers might ne day be able t rder a cultured cut f meat with the amunt f fat they desire, tailr-made（特制的）t their tastes and health cncerns.
Hwever, it might be a while befre ne can sink their teeth int a cut f biprinted beef. The United States Department f Agriculture (USDA) and the Fd and Drug Administratin (FDA) have nt created a regulatry framewrk fr these prducts yet, accrding t The Washingtn Pst.
1. What is paragraph 2 mainly abut?
A. The characteristics f wagyu beef.
B. The prcess f 3D printing wagyu beef.
C. The advantages f 3D biprinting technique.
D. The difficulties f taking cells frm wagyu cws.
2. Why des the authr list numbers in paragraph 3?
A. T explain the effect f exprt trade n Japan.
B. T stress the high csts f raising cws in Japan.
C. T prve the huge investment in 3D printed prducts.
D. T shw the ptential value f 3D printed wagyu beef.
3. What d we knw abut 3D-printing technlgy accrding t Matsusaki?
A. It can keep all the nutritin f beef.
B. It can be applied t plant-based meat.
C. It relieves wrldwide shrtage f fd.
D. It may meet individuals’ particular demands fr beef.
4. What is the limitatin f the biprinted beef?
A. It hasn’t been under regulatins.
B. It tastes wrse than real beef.
C. It takes t much time t prduce.
D. It may be harmful t human’s teeth.
【参考答案】：BDDA
【单词】
1. marbling n. 大理石纹饰；仿大理石（装饰）
2. islate v. 使（某物质、细胞等）分离
【短语】
1. cultured meat 人造肉
2. stem cells 干细胞
3. bld vessels 血管
【长难句】
The researchers believe that prving that a wagyu beef can be accurately 3D-printed culd be a big step tward a sustainable future where lts f cultured meat can be created that clsely resembles existing prducts.
分析：“The researchers”为主语，“believe”为谓语，“that prving that a…resembles existing prducts”为宾语从句；在宾语从句中，“prving that a wagyu beef can be accurately 3D-printed”为从句中的主语，其中的“that a wagyu beef can be accurately 3D-printed”为prve后面的宾语从句；“where lts f cultured meat can be created”为定语从句，修饰先行词“future”；“that clsely resembles existing prducts”为定语从句，修饰先行词“cultured meat”。
译文：研究人员认为，证明3D打印技术可以精准打印和牛肉是朝着可持续发展的未来迈出的一大步。在未来，人们可以制造出许多与现有产品非常相似的人工肉。
【知识拓展】
1. Osaka University
大阪大学，是一所本部位于日本大阪府吹田市的综合性研究型大学，也是日本规模最大的国立大学，在世界上占有重要的学术地位。
2. The United States Department f Agriculture (USDA)
美国农业部，是联邦政府内阁15个部之一，是美国重要的经济管理部门。它是按照法律设置的，机构稳定，职能明确，其主要职能是通过对农业生产的支持，提高美国人民的生活质量。
3. Fd and Drug Administratin (FDA)
食品药品监督管理局，是由美国国会授权，专门从事食品与药品管理的最高执法机关，也是一个由医生、律师、微生物学家、化学家和统计学家等专业人士组成的致力于保护、促进和提高国民健康的政府卫生管制的监控机构。
（四）
圣诞游玩——美国国家公园
在圣诞来临之际，美国国家公园推出了一些各具特色的圣诞游玩体验，让游客们享受一个美丽与和平的欢乐庆典。一起来看看这些壮丽的国家公园吧！
阅读短文并回答问题
The Best American Natinal Parks t Visit fr Christmas
The Christmas seasn can be stressful if yu spend every mment cleaning, cking, and hsting guests. Or the hlidays can be a jyful celebratin f beauty and peace if yu plan an escape t ne f America’s splendid natinal parks.
Yellwstne Natinal Park
Dreaming f a white Christmas? Yellwstne, the cuntry’s first natinal park, is yur tp chice. Yur family can enjy a quiet and private getaway（假日休闲地）at Old Faithful Snw Ldge & Cabins. Sit by the fire with ht cca and lk ut at the vast wilderness all arund yu. Als yu can phtgraph bisn and ther wildlife n a winter pht safari.
Rcky Muntain Natinal Park
If yu really want t get away frm it all ver the hlidays, plan a trip t a park less traveled in the winter. Rcky Muntain Natinal Park is quiet and uncrwded, but the wildlife is still active. Seeing a mse（麋鹿）in its natural habitat is an experience yu wn’t frget. Sledding and skiing are als exciting pssibilities.
Grand Canyn Natinal Park
Grand Canyn Natinal Park ffers a fun hliday experience fr families. Families can get n the Plar Express that runs frm Arizna t the Suth Rim f the park thrugh early January and enjy a pleasant ride cmplete with ht chclate and ckies. When yu reach the “Nrth Ple”, Santa Claus is waiting with a gift fr each child. It’s the best way fr yur kids t enjy the magic f Christmas.
Virgin Islands Natinal Park
If snw isn’t yur thing, dn’t wrry. Virgin Islands Natinal Park is perfect fr yu t escape winter. With white sandy beaches, clear blue water, and mre than 800 subtrpical plants, yu will feel like yu traveled utside the U.S. t a trpical area. Cinnamn Bay is a majr spt fr Christmastime visitrs lking fr water sprts like sailing, diving, and snrkeling（浮潜）.
1. In which park can yu bth see animals and g skiing?
A. Yellwstne Natinal Park.
B. Rcky Muntain Natinal Park.
C. Grand Canyn Natinal Park.
D. Virgin Islands Natinal Park.
2.Wh wuld favr the Grand Canyn Natinal Park?
A. Art lvers.
B. Explrers.
C. Outdr phtgraphers.
D. Families with children.
3. What makes the Virgin Islands Natinal Park special?
A. Varius water sprts.
B. Beautiful train rides.
C. The quiet envirnment.
D. The snw-cvered landscape.
【参考答案】：BDA
【单词】
1. wilderness n. 荒野
2. bisn n. 野牛（分北美野牛和欧洲野牛两类）
3. safari n. 外出期间；旅游期间
4. sled v. 乘雪橇
5. subtrpical adj. 亚热带的
【短语】
natural habitat 天然栖息地
【知识拓展】
1. Yellwstne Natinal Park
黄石国家公园，由美国国家公园管理局负责管理。1872年3月1日它被正式命名为保护野生动物和自然资源的国家公园，于1978年被列入《世界遗产名录》的世界自然遗产。该公园是世界上第一个国家公园，也是世界上最大的火山口之一。
2. Rcky Muntain Natinal Park
位于科罗拉多州的洛基山国家公园，成立于1915年，占地415平方英里，三分之一的园区位在林线以上，并且包括了78个海拔超过12000尺的山峰，其中最高的是久久峰。此外贯穿大峡谷的科罗拉多河，也是发源于此地。
3. Grand Canyn Natinal Park
大峡谷国家公园位于美国亚利桑那州北部的凯巴布高原。大峡谷在1979年纳入联合国教科文组织《世界遗产名录》的世界自然遗产。大峡谷国家公园是科罗拉多大峡谷的一部分。
4. Virgin Islands Natinal Park
维尔京群岛国家公园是由海滩和珊瑚礁环绕的火山岛公园，环境优美，是一座独一无二的国家宝藏，也是地处美国50个州以外的两个国家公园之一。