专题 03 备战2022高考英语外刊时文热点阅读理解 （系列三）

这是一份专题 03 备战2022高考英语外刊时文热点阅读理解 （系列三），共9页。试卷主要包含了 capture v， minimize v，7万人等内容，欢迎下载使用。
文章2：二氧化碳或将被变成“石头”封存起来
文章3：声学相机
文章4：印度尼西亚迁都
（一）
野生动物走廊
为了建立野生动物走廊，The Vital Grund Fundatin和Y2Y在蒙大拿州西北部购买了80英亩土地。该地区将用于维系整个州西北角的野生动物栖息地，对灰熊的保护尤其重要。
阅读短文并回答问题
Wildlife crridrs（走廊）are like safe highways fr animals. These untuched areas let species mve abut freely t feed, breed, and migrate（迁徙）withut disturbance frm humans. The Vital Grund Fundatin and Yellwstne t Yukn Cnservatin Initiative (Y2Y) bught 80 acres in nrthwestern Mntana. The area was purchased frm a landwner cmmitted t prtecting pen spaces ver develpment. The area will be used t maintain wildlife habitats fr species thrughut the state’s nrthwestern crner and is particularly imprtant fr grizzly bears（灰熊）.
“In 2015, new science n grizzly bear cnnectivity identified this area as ne f a few remaining cnnectin pints fr grizzly bears in nrthwest Mntana,” says Grssman, U.S. prgram manager fr Y2Y. “Last year, the pprtunity became available t wrk with the landwner in the area. With the rapid develpment f the real estate market, we knew we needed t act quickly.”
“At the lcal area, this prject cnserves pen spaces fr wildlife mvement,” Grssman says. She pints ut that grizzly bears are an umbrella species. This means that if they are ding well, mst ther wildlife in the ecsystem is als ding well. Bears can help us cnserve habitat fr a full range f plants and animals that make a functining ecsystem that all f us need t survive. That is why this prject fcuses n the needs f bears.
It ften becmes mre difficult t preserve wildlife crridrs like these. In Mntana where this land has been purchased, prperty values have increased and land has been sld and develped quickly. Once develpment happens, it’s harder t cnserve land and keep areas cnnected. “Hwever, this change in the real estate market has led t sme landwners reflecting n their values and visin fr the cmmunity. In this way, it creates an pprtunity fr us t be able t wrk with peple wh want t see these areas remain high quality wildlife habitat, rural and undevelped,” Grssman says.
1. Why did the authrities buy the land in nrthwestern Mntana?
A. T develp the lcal ecnmy.
B. T better preserve wildlife habitats.
C. T cnstruct highways in the suburbs.
D. T prevent endangered species frm migrating.
2. What des the authr intend t d in paragraph 2?
A. T explain a natural phenmenn.
B. T prvide sme advice fr readers.
C. T add sme backgrund infrmatin.
D. T intrduce a new tpic fr discussin.
3. Why des this prject cncentrate n prtecting grizzly bears?
A. Their ppulatin has declined sharply.
B. They play a critical rle in the ecsystem.
C. They affect the living habits f ther wildlife.
D. Human activities have dne serius harm t them.
4. What affects wildlife crridrs accrding t paragraph 4?
A. Land develpment.
B. Cmmunity structure.
C. Decreasing investrs.
D. Gegraphic lcatins.
【参考答案】：BCBA
【单词】
1. ram v. 漫步
2. ecsystem n. 生态系统
【短语】
1. real estate 房地产
2. prperty values 房产价值
（二）
二氧化碳或将被变成“石头”封存起来
随着全球变暖问题日益严峻，怎样处理大气中不断增加的二氧化碳成为了一个世界性难题。9月8日，冰岛一家碳捕集工厂开始运营，这是目前全球规模最大的从空气中直接捕集碳的工厂。捕集到的二氧化碳经提取后与水混合，最终被泵入地下约1000米深处，预计将在数年内变成石头。直接捕集空气中的二氧化碳，这是一种怎样的科技呢？
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A majr new facility t pull CO2 ut f the atmsphere has started perating in Iceland, which is a bst t an emerging technlgy that experts say culd eventually play an imprtant rle in reducing greenhuse gases.
The plant in suthwest Iceland is the biggest f its kind, its builder says. It is able t capture（捕获）900 tns f CO2 every year but it needs heat and electricity t wrk. It is using energy prduced frm waste and is built n the rf f a waste incineratin plant, and thrugh the burning f rubbish, energy is generated.
Human-sized fans are built int a series f bxes. They take CO2 ut f the air, catching it in spngelike filters（过滤器）. The filters are blasted with heat, freeing the gas, which is then mixed with water and pumped（用泵输送）deep int deep undergrund basalt caves, where ver time it turns int dark-gray stne. Pumping CO2 int the grund is just ne way t deal with it. The makers are als selling the gas t be used again. The CO2 can be captured just a few 100 miles away. It is pumped thrugh an undergrund pipeline directly int a greenhuse. Vegetables and plants lve CO2 and higher cncentratins f the gas within the greenhuse imprve the grwth f plants.
By 2050, humanity will need t pull nearly a billin metric tns f CO2 frm the atmsphere every year thrugh direct air capture technlgy t achieve carbn neutral gals, accrding t Internatinal Energy Agency recmmendatins. The plant in Iceland will be able t capture 4000 metric tns annually — just a small amunt f what will be necessary, but ne that Climewrks, the cmpany that built it, says can grw rapidly as efficiency imprves and csts decrease.
“This is a market that des nt yet exist, but a market that urgently needs t be built,” said Christph Gebald wh c-funded Climewrks. “This plant that we have here is really the blueprint t further increase the size and really industrialize.”
1. What d we knw abut the carbn capture facility frm paragraph 2?
A. It is built at high altitudes.
B. It uses waste t prduce pwer.
C. It makes Iceland free f air pllutin.
D. It prduces lts f heat during peratin.
2. What is the third paragraph mainly abut?
A. The methds f breaking dwn CO2.
B. The appraches t reusing waste gas.
C. The necessity f building greenhuses.
D. The wrkings f the carbn-catching plant.
3. What can we expect frm the future carbn capture technlgy?
A. It will decrease the cst f energy prductin.
B. It can help reach the carbn neutral gals in advance.
C. It will speed up the reductin f CO2 levels in the air.
D. It may replace the traditinal carbn strage system.
4. What is Christph Gebald’s attitude twards building the plants?
A. Supprtive. B. Neutral. C. Disapprving.D. Uncaring.
【参考答案】：BDCA
【生词】
1. spngelike adj. 海绵样的
2. blast v. 强速喷射（水流或气流）
3. basalt n. 玄武岩
4. blueprint n. 蓝图
【短语】
1. play an imprtant rle in 在……起重要作用
2. a waste incineratin plant 垃圾焚烧厂
3. make use f 利用
4. carbn neutral 碳中和的
【知识拓展】
Internatinal Energy Agency
国际能源机构，亦称“国际能源署”，经济合作与发展组织的辅助机构之一。1974年11月成立。现有成员国29个。总部设在法国巴黎。它的宗旨是：协调各成员国的能源政策，减少对进口石油的依赖，在石油供应短缺时建立分摊石油消费制度，促进石油生产国与石油消费国之间的对话与合作。该机构实质上是与第三世界产油国相对抗的一个石油消费国的国际组织。
（三）
声学相机
国家工程实验室自主研发的大型阵列声源辨识系统（声学相机）已成为地面交通领域非常先进且应用广泛的声源辨识装备，为噪声控制提供精准的声源信息。工程师们将该设备应用于捕捉、探测和分析火车经过时的声音，并以此为依据在产生强烈噪音的区域采取相应的降噪措施，为铁路沿线带来一片宁静。
阅读短文并回答问题
A natinal engineering labratry in Tianjin is the base f the wrld’s largest and mst advanced sund surce identificatin system fr cmmercial use. At first glance, the equipment, knwn as a sund camera and cnsisting f a big wheel with a supprting frame, resembles a mini Ferris wheel that lacks seats and cannt rtate. A clser lk at the 5-meter-diameter wheel reveals high-tech features like an array f 144 sensrs（传感器）used t capture, identify and analyze the surce f nise n railways. “It is like a sund radar（雷达）fr discvering nise,” said Hu Wenlin, vice head f the Natinal Engineering Labratry fr Nise Cntrl and Reductin at China Railway Design Crpratin.
Hu said that the data prduced by the machine allws engineers t better understand the sunds generated when a train passes by, such as which part prduces the mst nise. After analyzing the data, engineers can draw up precise plans t reduce nise and make cnstructin plans accrdingly. Fr example, if a railway passes a residential area with stricter nise abatement requirements, engineers can cme up with a plan t minimize nise, usually at greater expense. But if a railway passes a place with mre relaxed nise cntrl requirements, designers can make a cheaper plan.
Nise cntrl technlgies have been applied t dzens f majr railway prjects acrss the cuntry. The sund camera, fully develped in China, is advanced by wrld standards, said Wang Changjin, the directr f the Natinal Engineering Labratry. Befre the sund camera was available, engineers usually used a ple fitted with sensrs t cllect sund data alng railway lines. “It cannt be cmpared t the technique we are using nw, which is far mre accurate,” Wang said.
The machine is just ne f many innvatins develped by the labratry. It has cnducted many research prjects n railways, leading t the develpment f key nise cntrl equipment fr high-speed railways and bringing quieter lives t peple living near the lines.
1. What can we knw abut the sund camera frm paragraph 1?
A. It is invented by Hu Wenlin.
B. It is a sund radar in the shape f a wheel.
C. It is fitted with many sensrs t study nise.
D. It transfrms sund infrmatin int images.
2. What des the underlined wrd “abatement” prbably mean?
A. Mnitring.B. Ranking.C. Reducing.D. Analyzing.
3. What highlights the sund camera accrding t paragraph 3?
A. It is very easy t mve.
B. It cnsumes little energy.
C. It is available fr everyne.
D. It perates far mre precisely.
4. What is the best title fr the text?
A. Technlgy Frees Peple frm Nise
B. Sund Camera Makes Rail Lines Quieter
C. The Imprtance f Cnducting Sund Research
D. The Influence f Nise Pllutin n Peple’s Life
【参考答案】：CCDB
【单词】
1. frame n. 支架
2. rtate v. 旋转
3. diameter n. 直径
4. array n. 阵列
5. capture v. 捕获
6. minimize v. 使减小到最低限度
【短语】
1. residential area 住宅区
2. high-speed railway 高铁
【知识拓展】
sund camera
声学相机，又名声相（像）仪，是利用传声器阵列测量一定范围内的声场分布的专用设备，可用于测量物体的位置和辐射的状态，并用云图方式显示出直观的图像，即声成像测量。目前国内比较先进的声相仪，是由中国科学院声学研究所实验室自行研制的声相仪系统，具有世界先进水平。
（四）
印度尼西亚迁都
雅加达是印度尼西亚最大的城市和首都，聚集了全国大量的财富和精英。然而近年来，由于各种原因，印度尼西亚政府打算启动迁都程序，将首都从爪哇岛上的雅加达迁离。
The prpsal fr a new Indnesian capital city has been n the cards ever since the cuntry gained independence frm the Dutch in 1945. The plitical and ecnmic crises which fllwed have lng delayed the plan, but current president, Jk Widd, nw appears determined t make the mve a reality. The gvernment fficially cnfirmed that the capital will be mved frm Jakarta t a new lcatin within Kalimantan, part f the island f Brne in Indnesia.
A number f factrs are likely t have influenced the decisin t frge ahead with the mve, but it seems likely that Jakarta’s envirnmental prblems are chief amng them. Built n swampy（沼泽的）grund, Jakarta is sinking, in sme parts at a rate f 20cm a year. Experts predict that mst f nrthern Jakarta culd sink beneath the sea by 2050. What’s mre, Jakarta is rarely mentined withut reference t its extreme levels f traffic jams and air pllutin. There culd be ther reasns t. Jhn McCarthy, an expert n land use in Kalimantan at the Australian Natinal University Crawfrd Schl pints t a ptential desire t spread wealth thrughut Indnesia. “Jakarta is the mst highly develped cre f Indnesia which sucks all the mney and pprtunities frm ther areas,” he says. “I think there’s lgic in splitting the ecnmic and plitical capital.”
But the lcatin f this new plitical center is prving cntrversial. Sme envirnmental grups are cncerned that the chsen lcatin in East Kalimantan will increase lgging and destructin f nearby frests, hme t rang-utans and ther endangered species. Indnesia’s planning minister previusly tld reprters that the new capital will be a sustainable “frest city” that wn’t result in the destructin f prtected frest, but hw exactly this wuld wrk has nt yet been explained.
Despite these challenges, the gvernment is nw putting its plan in mtin. But even if this new capital is built, Jakarta will still need prtectin. Hme t ten millin peple, the city simply can’t be neglected.
1. What is the Indnesian gvernment’s new plan?
A. Building a frest city.
B. Electing a new president.
C. Relcating the capital city.
D. Develping resurces f Brne.
2. What may be the main reasn fr the gvernment’s decisin?
A. T reduce land pllutin.
B. T make full use f swampy grund.
C. T seek better living envirnment.
D. T balance the ecnmic grwth between cities.
3. What wrries sme peple abut the gvernment’s chice?
A. It may cst a lt f mney.
B. It may destry the lcal ecsystem.
C. It may disrupt many residents’ nrmal life.
D. It may lead the decline f the ld capital city.
4. What des the underlined wrd “neglected” prbably mean?
A. Ignred.
B. Damaged.
C. Repaired.
D. Ranked.
【参考答案】：CCBA
【单词】
1. frge v. 艰苦干成；努力加强
2. rang-utan n. 猩猩，褐猿
【短语】
1. n the cards 可能发生的
2. at a rate f 以……速度
3. in mtin 在开动中，在运转中
【知识拓展】
Jakarta
雅加达，印度尼西亚首都和最大城市，也是东南亚第一大城市，位于爪哇岛西北海岸，城市面积约740平方公里，人口约为1027.7万人。雅加达是印度尼西亚的经济中心，聚集了全国大量的财富和精英，享有省级地位。根据达沃斯世界经济论坛的数据，雅加达也是全球下沉速度最快的城市之一，由于地下水的过度开采，它正以惊人的速度沉入爪哇海。