专题 05 备战2022高考英语 外刊时文热点阅读理解 （系列五）

这是一份专题 05 备战2022高考英语 外刊时文热点阅读理解 （系列五），共10页。试卷主要包含了9 pints， dark hrse 黑马等内容，欢迎下载使用。
文章2：运动员心理健康莫忽视！
文章3：汉服的魅力
文章4：电子零件短缺冲击汽车制造业
（一）
杨倩摘得奥运首金
在2020年东京奥运会上，中国射击运动员杨倩于7月24日在女子10米气步枪比赛中摘得首金，这是中国代表团的第一枚金牌，也是东京奥运会的第一枚金牌。为奥运健儿杨倩喝彩，为这些正用实际行动证明自己的00后喝彩！
阅读短文并回答问题
Chinese yung gun Yang Qian claimed the first gld f the Tky Olympics with a victry in wmen’s 10m air rifle（气步枪）n July 24 in Tky, Japan. Russian markswman Anastasiia Galashina tk the silver and Nina Christen f Switzerland bagged the brnze. Yang, wh was ranked sixth in the qualificatin, scred 251.8 pints in the final, beating Galashina’s 251.1 pints t set ff Team China t a fine start in Tky.
Trailing by a mere 0.1 pint ahead f the final tw shts, Yang saw the gap widen despite a 10.7-pint sht, as her rival（对手）made an impressive 10.8. Hwever, when it came t the last sht that wuld define the eventual champin, Galashina surprisingly sht fr 8.9 pints, and lst the Olympic title t Yang, wh had a 9.8.
“I am very happy and prud t win this gld,” said the 21-year-ld in a calm tne. The result set the standard fr future Olympic cmpetitrs as Tky 2020 is the first games under new cmpetitin rules fr the event. “I was extremely nervus befre the final sht, and all I culd d was t calm dwn,” the yung Olympic champin recalled. “I wasn’t as calm as I appeared t be. During the qualificatin and the final I kept adjusting my mentality（心态）gradually, trying t shake the pressure ff me, and I think I did well in ding s.”
Yang had t stand up t a lng wait fr ther shters t finish their shts befre reaching the final. The favred Indian du, wrld recrd hlder Apurvi Chandela and wrld n.1 Elavenil Valarivan, bwed ut after the 60-sht qualificatin rund. Nrwegian Jeanette Hegg Duestad was the dark hrse in the qualificatin, setting an Olympic recrd f 632.9 pints. But the 22-year-ld narrwly missed the medals in the final.
1. What is the purpse f paragraph 1?
A. T shw the curse f the shting event.
B. T state the events f the Tky Olympics.
C. T intrduce the result f the shting event.
D. T explain the cmpetitin rules f the Olympics.
2. What des the underlined wrd “Trailing” prbably mean in paragraph 2?
A. Scring.B. Measuring.C. Multiplying.D. Lsing.
3. What can we knw frm Yang’s wrds?
A. She was t nervus t keep calm.
B. It was difficult t defeat her ppnents.
C. Being mentally calm is crucial t success.
D. She narrwly wn the gld due t a mistake.
4. Which sectin f a magazine is this text prbably taken frm?
A. Educatin and culture.B. Sprts and health.
C. Science and technlgy.D. Nature and gegraphy.
【参考答案】：CDCB
【单词】
1. markswman n. 女射手；神射手
2. brnze n. 铜牌
3. define v. 明确
4. du n. 搭档
【短语】
1. set ff 出发；动身；启程
2. shake…ff 摆脱
3. stand up t 忍受
4. bw ut 退出，告别
5. qualificatin rund 资格赛
6. dark hrse 黑马
【知识拓展】
Tky Olympics
2020年东京奥运会(Games f the Tky Olympic)，即第32届夏季奥林匹克运动会，于2021年07月23日~2021年08月08日在日本东京举办。
10 meter air rifle
十米气步枪是奥运会比赛项目之一，分男子赛和女子赛。也是第29届奥运会射击比赛项目之一。在现代奥运史上，除了1904年第3届奥运会和1928年第8届奥运会外，射击在其余各届奥运会中都是正式比赛项目。1896年在雅典举行的第1届奥运会上，射击比赛设5个项目。1920年第7届奥运会上增加到21个项目，也是历届奥运会中射击设项最多的一次。2008年北京奥运会，射击项目设置15个比赛项目。
（二）
运动员心理健康莫忽视！
在人们的印象中，运动员是强大的、坚韧的，他们在赛场上奋力拼搏，在领奖台上接受荣誉，挥舞双臂庆祝胜利。然而，许多年来，在世界各地，人们可能都忽略了运动员也是普通人，他们在承受巨大压力的同时，也会有心理健康问题。今天让我们一起来看看这个话题。
阅读短文并回答问题
Recently, scientific research suggests that mental health disrders（障碍）affect up t 35 percent f tp athletes at sme stage f their careers. This can range frm tiredness and eating disrders t depressin and anxiety. The causes can be highly varied, with studies pinting t a range f cntributing factrs frm pr sleep t selectin pressures and early retirement due t injury.
American Simne Biles is widely cnsidered t be the greatest gymnast in the United States. When the Tky Olympics began, she was expected t win five gld medals. But n July 27th, she pulled ut f the team final. She made the chice after having truble landing her vault（跳跃）in the cmpetitin’s first rund. Later she said her mind was nt in the right place t let her safely perfrm the difficult mves she is knwn fr. In ther wrds, her mind was nt letting her bdy d what it needed t d. Cameras caught her telling her trainers during the team final, “I just dn’t trust myself.”
Biles is nt the nly Olympian in recent mnths t talk abut the pressure and mental effects f cmpeting at the highest level. Japanese tennis star Nami Osaka lst in the secnd rund f Olympic cmpetitin. She said she felt extreme pressure t win fr Japan, where the Olympics are taking place.
Few caches and fficials in sprts have an expert understanding f mental health, and the Internatinal Olympic Cmmittee (IOC), als recgnizes that there is a great need fr practical assessment tls that can be used by medical prfessinals and anyne lking after athletes t prtect athletes’ mental health.
“Mental health issues shuld be discussed mre penly in sprt, because athletes are always cncerned abut selectin, and they want t appear as strng as pssible,” Scientific Directr Dr Richard Budgett says. “But in the end this may have negative effects, s we need t recgnize and reduce the stigma s that athletes can get prper management and help when they need it.”
1. What is the scientific research abut?
A. Athletes’ living habits.
B. Athletes’ mental health.
C. Causes f athletes’ injuries.
D. Ways t reduce athletes’ pressure.
2. Why did Simne Biles quit the team final?
A. She was in a bad state f mind.
B. She was badly hurt in the first rund.
C. She was nt gd at the difficult mves.
D. She did nt live up t her trainer’s requirements.
3. What can be a slutin t athletes’ mental health issues accrding t the IOC?
A. Prviding rutine checkups.
B. Adpting suitable evaluatin tls.
C. Giving regular lectures abut psychlgy.
D. Offering prfessinal training t caches.
4. What is the authr’s purpse in writing the text?
A. T intrduce tw utstanding athletes.
B. T warn athletes abut the danger f anxiety.
C. T draw peple’s attentin t athletes’ mental health.
D. T prve the imprtance f hard training t success.
【参考答案】：BABC
【单词】
stigma n. 耻辱；羞耻
【短语】
1. mental health 心理健康
2. eating disrders 进食障碍
3. pull ut f 退出
4. medical prfessinals 医学专业人员
【长难句】
Few caches and fficials in sprt have an expert understanding f mental health, and the Internatinal Olympic Cmmittee (IOC), als recgnizes that there is a great need fr practical assessment tls that can be used by medical prfessinals and anyne lking after athletes t prtect athletes’ mental health.
分析：该句是由“and”连接的两个并列句组成。其中“that there is a great need…mental health”为宾语从句，“that can be used by…mental health”为定语从句，修饰先行词“tls”。
译文：很少有体育教练和官员对心理健康有专业的了解，国际奥委会(IOC)也认识到实用的评估工具是很有必要的，这些评估工具可供医疗专业人员和照顾运动员的人使用，以保护运动员的心理健康。
【知识拓展】
Simne Biles
西蒙·拜尔斯，1997年3月14日出生于俄亥俄州哥伦布市，是美国职业体操运动员，效力于美国女子体操队。拜尔斯在她的首届世界大赛——2013年安特卫普世界体操锦标赛一举夺得2金1银1铜，成为当年体操世锦赛的最大赢家。2014年南宁世界体操锦标赛一战成名，共获得了4金1银，并且卫冕全能和自由操项目的冠军。2015年格拉斯哥世界体操锦标赛拜尔斯获得4金1铜，又一次包揽4枚金牌。三届世锦赛后拜尔斯一共获得了10金2银2铜，成为女子体操史上第一个实现个人全能三连冠以及世锦赛金牌数量最多的运动员。2016年里约奥运会，19岁的拜尔斯斩获4金1铜。2017年获得劳伦斯最佳女运动员奖项。2021年7月27日，拜尔斯在2020年东京奥运会女团决赛首轮中跳马失误，随后退出了东京奥运会女子自由体操决赛。
（三）
汉服的魅力
“云想衣裳花想容，春风拂槛露华浓。”这首李白的《清平调》，不仅描绘了杨贵妃的美丽容颜，也突出了中国古代传统服饰的魅力。如今，越来越多的中国年轻人把汉服作为他们的日常服装，汉服又重新流行起来了。
阅读短文并回答问题
It had been a “lng” and hard walk frm hme t the subway statin fr teenager Mandy Chan when she first put n hanfu in public. Chan is ne f the funders f hanfu in Hng Kng. “It was a set with a cream-clred shirt, a brwn jacket in China’s Ming dynasty style and a red pleated skirt made by me,” she recalled recently, almst 10 years later.
It was nt the lks frm thers but her limited knwledge n the traditinal Chinese clthing that had terrified her. Chan added, “If anyne had asked what I was wearing, r the histry behind it, I wuld have been afraid I culdn’t tell them the whle picture.”
Hwever, her uneasiness had gradually drifted away with mre in-depth research n traditinal Chinese culture. Hanfu was the traditinal clthing f China’s Han ethnic grup that was frmed in the main residential areas f the Han peple in ancient China. The histrical clthing has untld stries and ideas in every detail. The cutting and stitching line in the middle part f hanfu fits the spine f the human bdy and helps peple t dress prperly. This design, which has transcended（超越）itself as mere decratin, pints t the qualities f the wearers as upright and mderate（温和的）individuals.
“Instead f imitating peple like what I used t d, I have jumped ut f my cmfrt zne and fund the style that suits me best,” Chan said. “Thrugh hanfu, I have fund myself and s many unexplred things in my life.” Chan added that she had fund her lifelng passin thrugh hanfu, which is a gal and dream that has never been absent frm her life. Chan fund she was nt alne after falling in lve with hanfu. She believes that classics will never g ut f style and she herself has incrprated（使并入）hanfu int her everyday life.
1. Why did Chan feel uneasy when she first wre hanfu in public?
A. Her clthes were wrn ut.
B. She didn’t like lks frm thers.
C. Her clthes didn’t fit her prperly.
D. She had a limited knwledge f hanfu.
2. What is special abut hanfu in design accrding t paragraph 3?
A. It never ges ut f fashin.
B. It shws persnal qualities f its wearers.
C. It has many different styles fr chice.
D. It appeals t peple f all ages and scial grups.
3. What can we infer frm the last paragraph?
A. Hanfu has a strng influence n Chan.
B. Hanfu will be a big business in China.
C. Hanfu will take the lead in the fashin.
D. Hanfu allws her t get t knw mre peple.
4. In which part f a magazine may we read this text?
A. Health.B. Travel. C. Sprts.D. Culture.
【参考答案】：DBAD
【单词】
1. cream-clred adj. 米色的
2. pleated adj. 打褶的；有褶的
3. ethnic adj. 民族的；种族的
4. spine n. 脊椎
5. upright adj. 挺直的；正直的
【短语】
1. drift away 慢慢散去
2. stitching line 缝合线
3. cmfrt zne 舒适区
4. g ut f style 过时
【知识拓展】
Hanfu
汉服，全称是“汉民族传统服饰”，又称汉衣冠、汉装、华服，是从黄帝即位到公元17世纪中叶（明末清初），在汉族的主要居住区，以“华夏——汉”文化为背景和主导思想，以华夏礼仪文化为中心，通过自然演化而形成的具有独特汉民族风貌性格、明显区别于其他民族的传统服装和配饰体系，承载了汉族的染织绣等杰出工艺和美学，传承了30多项中国非物质文化遗产以及受保护的中国工艺美术。
（四）
电子零件短缺冲击汽车制造业
受新冠疫情的影响，汽车电子零件面临原材料短缺，全球汽车制造业生产受阻。各个汽车制造商都在努力应对，但是这个问题依旧会持续一段时间。
阅读短文并回答问题
Carmakers — including BMW, Fiat, Chrysler and Peuget — warned that the wrldwide semicnductr prcessr（半导体处理器）shrtage will cntinue in 2021 and beynd. The shrtage has affected bth prductin and sales f autmbiles（汽车）.
Last year, carmakers had t shut dwn plants because f the COVID-19 pandemic. Nw they have t cmpete with the cnsumer electrnics industry fr the limited supplies that were als affected by the health crisis.
Autmbiles have becme increasingly dependent n prcessrs, als knwn as chips. They are needed fr cmputers t help engines with better fuel ecnmy and assist drivers in emergency braking. Withut a gd supply f chips, carmakers have centered prductin n higher-prfit mdels. The higher prices keep their businesses ging even thugh they are selling fewer cars.
Richard Palmer is the chief financial fficer f Stellantis. The cmpany sells cars under 14 brands including Fiat, Chrysler and Peuget. He said the cmpany did nt expect chip supply t imprve befre the last three mnths f the year. That wuld mean a prductin lss f arund 1.4 millin vehicles fr 2021.
BMW, s far, has been less affected by the chip shrtage than thers. That is because f its strng relatins with its suppliers. But the German carmaker warned that there will be mre prblems during the secnd half f this year. “The lnger the supply bttlenecks（瓶颈）last, the mre tense the situatin is likely t becme,” BMW chief financial fficer Niclas Peter said in a statement. “We expect prductin restrictins t cntinue in the secnd half f the year. Thse restrictins will cause a lwer number f sales,” he added.
German chipmaker Infinen Technlgies cnfirmed the shrtage. The cmpany said the latest wave f COVID-19 cases slws the prductin f materials in Asia. And the amunts f gds available have nw hit all-time lws. Reinhard Plss is the Chief Executive Officer f Infinen. He tld ecnmists that sharply limited supplies are hurting the recvery f wrldwide car markets. He bserved that “it will take time t get back” t a balance between supply and demand. “In ur view, this will take until well int 2022,” he added.
1. What is the prblem faced by carmakers?
A. The pr access t fuel.
B. The serius shrtage f chips.
C. The great need t pay high taxes.
D. The lack f highly-trained wrkers.
2. Hw d carmakers deal with reduced sales?
A. By prducing high-priced cars.
B. By ffering custmers a discunt.
C. By imprving prductin technlgy.
D. By selling cars with lwer fuel cnsumptin.
3. Why is BMW less affected by the prblem?
A. It has a larger share f the market.
B. It has excellent design and quality.
C. It has supprt frm the gvernment.
D. It has a clse bnd with its suppliers.
4. What des Reinhard Plss think f the prblem?
A. It is ignred by sme cmpanies.
B. It will get wrse in the shrt run.
C. It still needs sme time t be slved.
D. It will reduce peple’s demand fr cars.
【参考答案】：BADC
【单词】
pandemic n.（全国或全球性）流行病；大流行病
【短语】
1. shut dwn （使）（工厂、公司等）关闭，歇业，停业
2. cmpete with 与……竞争
3. cnsumer electrnics industry 消费类电子产品行业
4. health crisis 健康危机
5. emergency braking 紧急制动
6. Chief Executive Officer 总裁；首席执行官
7. a balance between supply and demand 供需平衡