玩转高考题—2021高考全国新课标甲卷D篇阅读二次开发

这是一份玩转高考题—2021高考全国新课标甲卷D篇阅读二次开发，文件包含玩转高考题2021高考全国新课标甲卷D篇阅读二次开发教师版doc、玩转高考题2021高考全国新课标甲卷D篇阅读二次开发学生版doc等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共18页， 欢迎下载使用。
2021高考全国新课标甲卷D篇阅读二次开发目录内容板块一高考真题试做板块二重点字词释义板块三单句语法填空板块四阅读长难句解析板块五相同话题训练真题试做Who is a genius? This question has greatly interested humankind for centuries.Let's state clearly: Einstein was a genius. His face is almost the international symbol for genius. But we want to go beyond one man and explore the nature of genius itself. Why is it that some people are so much more intelligent or creative than the rest of us? And who are they? In the sciences and arts, those praised as geniuses were most often white men, of European origin. Perhaps this is not a surprise. It's said that history is written by the victors, and those victors set the standards for admission to the genius club. When contributions were made by geniuses outside the club—women, or people of a different color or belief—they were unacknowledged and rejected by others.A study recently published by Science found that as young as age six, girls are less likely than boys to say that members of their gender(性别)are “really, really smart.” Even worse, the study found that girls act on that belief: Around age six they start to avoid activities said to be for children who are “really, really smart.” Can our planet afford to have any great thinkers become discouraged and give up? It doesn't take a genius to know the answer: absolutely not.Here's the good news. In a wired world with constant global communication, we're all positioned to see flashes of genius wherever they appear. And the more we look, the more we will see that social factors(因素)like gender, race, and class do not determine the appearance of genius. As a writer says, future geniuses come from those with “intelligence, creativity, perseverance(毅力), and simple good fortune, who are able to change the world.”1. What does the author think of victors' standards for joining the genius club?A. They're unfair. B. They're conservative.C. They're objective. D. They're strict.2. What can we infer about girls from the study in Science?A. They think themselves smart.B. They look up to great thinkers.C. They see gender differences earlier than boys.D. They are likely to be influenced by social beliefs3. Why are more geniuses known to the public?A. Improved global communication.B. Less discrimination against women.C. Acceptance of victors' concepts.D. Changes in people's social positions.4. What is the best title for the text?A. Geniuses Think Alike B. Genius Takes Many FormsC. Genius and Intelligence D. Genius and Luck参考答案：这是一篇议论文。文章由问题“谁是天才？”引入，论述了世人对天才的狭隘定义，提出事实上“天才”有很多种形式，不要让思维限制了我们的“天才”能力。1.推理判断题。根据第三段的“It is said that history is written by victors, and those victors set the standards for admission to the genius club. When contributions were made by geniuses outside the club-women, or people of a different color or belief-they were unacknowledged and rejected by others.( 据说历史是由胜利者书写的，而那些胜利者为进入天才俱乐部设定了标准。当俱乐部以外的天才——女性或不同肤色或信仰的人——做出贡献时，他们不会被承认并且被其他人拒绝)”可推知，作者认为那些“胜利者”对进入“天才俱乐部”设置的标准是不公平的，因为女性或者不同肤色或信仰的人做出的成就是得不到承认的。故选A。2.推理判断题。根据第四段的“Even worse, the study found that girls act on that belief. Around age six they start to avoid activities said to be for children who are “really, really smart.”(更糟糕的是，研究发现女孩们是按照这个信念行事的。六岁左右，她们开始避免那些据说是“非常非常聪明”的孩子参加的活动)”可推知，女孩容易受到社会信仰的影响，认为自己在六岁左右就不适合做“聪明孩子”做的事情。故选D。3.细节理解题。根据最后一段的“In a wired world with constant global communication, we’re all positioned to see flashes of genius wherever they appear.( 在一个全球通讯不断的有线世界里，我们随时随地都能看到天才的闪现)”可知，进步的全球通讯让更多的天才被公众所知道。故选A。4.主旨大意题。根据文章的主要内容，结合文章第一段提出问题“Who is a genius?（谁是天才）”和最后一段的“As a writer says, future geniuses come from those with “intelligence, creativity, perseverance, and simple geniuses, who are able to change the world.”(正如一位作家所说，未来的天才来自那些具有“智慧、创造力、毅力和那些能够改变世界的简单天才。”)”可知，天才不一定是那些有巨大贡献的人，他们也可以是某一方面比较突出的普通人。由此可知B项“天才有多种形式”可以作为本文最佳标题。故选B。一：重点词汇1．geniusn. 天才；天赋；天才人物；（特别的）才能2．has greatly interested humankind让人类非常感兴趣3．state v. 陈述；公布   n. 状态；国家；州  adj. 国家的4．clearlyadv. 清晰地；易懂地；显然地5．international adj. 国际的   n. 国际比赛；国际比赛选手；外国人6．symbol n. 象征，代表；标志；符号，记号7．explore the nature 探索自然8．intelligent adj. 聪慧的；有才智的；智能的9．creative adj. 有创造力的；创作的，创新的n. 搞创作的人；创意，创作素材10．the rest of 其余的；剩下的11．sciences and arts科学与艺术12．praisev. 称赞；（对上帝）称颂     n. 称赞；（对上帝）敬拜13．European adj. 欧洲的，欧洲人的；欧盟的     n. 欧洲人14．originn. 起源；出身15．victorn. 胜利者，获奖者16．set the standard设定标准17．admission n. 进入，准许加入；承认；入场费；入院治疗；坦白18．contributionn. 贡献；捐款；定期缴款；稿件19．beliefn. 信心，信任；信念，信仰；看法，意见20．unacknowledgedadj. 不被承认的，未答复的21．rejectv. 拒绝考虑；摈弃；不录用；不出版；冷漠对待；对…产生排斥反应   n. 残次品；不合格者22．gendern. <语>性某些语言的（阳性、阴性和中性，不同的性有不同的词尾等）；性别；某些语言的（名词、代词和形容词）性的区分23．even worse更坏；更糟糕24．act on对…起作用[有功效]；奉行， 按照…而行动；遵行；践25．avoid v. 避免，防止；躲避；逃避26．afford v. 买得起；承受得住；提供；抽得出（时间）27．discouragev. 阻拦；使灰心28．give up放弃；投降29．absolutely adv. 完全地，彻底地；（用于强调）确实地，绝对地30．wired adj. 紧张的；联网的；夹丝的31．constant adj. 持续不断的；重复的；恒定的   n. 常量32．global adj. 全球的；整体的；全面的33．communicationn. 表达，交际；通信（系统）；消息34．positionn. 位置；姿势；地位；职位；名次；处境；立场；阵地v. 安放；定位；驻扎35．flashn. 闪耀；突发；闪现；闪光灯；简章v. 使闪光；飞驰；突然想到；快速出示；使闪现；快速发送；瞥(一眼)；发光    adj. 奢华的36．factorn. 因素；因子；倍数；系数    v. 把…因素包括进去37．determinev. 查明；测定；准确算出；决定；敲定，安排；下决心38．appearance n. 外表；到来，出现；问世；露面，演出，出庭；表现39．intelligencen. 聪颖；智力；情报40．creativityn. 创造性，创造力，创作能力41．perseverancen. 毅力 ；韧性；不屈不挠的精神42．good fortune福分；福气；幸事43．conservativeadj. 保守的；（支持）保守党的n. 保守者；保守党（支持者）44．objectiveadj. 客观的；基于事实的；宾格的    n. 目标；宾语语法填空1．Who is a genius? This question has greatly             （interest）humankind for centuries.参考答案：interested，考查动词的时态；前面有has；可知考查完成时态；此处interested在此做动词用法；使...感兴趣。谁是天才？几个世纪以来，这个问题一直引起着人类的极大兴趣。2．In the sciences and arts, those          （praise） as geniuses were most often white men, of European origin. Perhaps this is not           surprise.参考答案：praised；a；第一空考查非谓语；praised作定语修饰代词those；第二空考查冠词用法.后面的surprise在此处做名词用法.在科学和艺术领域，那些被誉为天才的人通常是欧洲血统的白人。也许这并不奇怪。3．It's said         history               （write）by the victors, and those victors set the standards for admission to the genius club. 参考答案：that；is written ，第一空考查主语从句it is said的固定句式。第二空考查谓语动词的语态（被动语态）；history与write之间是被动关系；据说历史是由胜利者写的，这些胜利者为进入天才俱乐部设定了标准。4． A study recently           （publish） by Science found that as young         age six, girls are less likely than boys参考答案：published； as.第一空考查非谓语动词；study和publish之间存在被动关系；所以填publish；第二空考查as...as结构。《科学》杂志最近发表的一项研究发现，6岁的女孩不如男孩5． And the more we look, the          （much）we will see that social factors(因素)like gender, race, and class do not determine the              （appear） of genius.参考答案：more ；appearance，第一空考查the+比较级...，the+比较级的结构；第二空考查动词变名词，我们看得越多，就越会看到性别、种族和阶级等社会因素（因素）并不能决定天才的外表。长难句解析①　When contributions were made by geniuses outside the club—women, or people of a different color or belief—they were unacknowledged and rejected by others.翻译：当俱乐部之外的天才—女性，或有不同肤色或信仰的人做出贡献时，他们就没有被其他人承认和拒绝。分析：—women, or people of a different color or belief—此处破折号之间的成分是同位语，对geniuses outside the club的进一步阐述说明。②　 A study recently published by Science found that as young as age six, girls are less likely than boys to say that members of their gender (性别) are “really, really smart.”翻译： 《科学》杂志最近发表的一项研究发现，六岁的女孩比男孩更不可能说自己的性别（性别）“真的、非常聪明”。分析：…published by Science…此处为done后置定语，publish和study构成被动关系。be less likely to do…不太可能去做某事③　 In a wired world with constant global communication, we’re all positioned to see flashes of genius wherever they appear.翻译：在一个不断进行全球交流的有线世界里，我们都可以在天才身上看到天才的闪光。分析：…with constant global communication…此处为介词短语做后置定语。…wherever they appear…此处为wherever引导的地点状语从句。④　And the more we look, the more we will see that social factors (因素) like gender, race, and class do not determine the appearance of genius.翻译：我们看的越多，就越会看到性别、种族和阶级等社会因素（因素）并不能决定天才的外表。分析：整体句子是the more…, the more…的比较状语从句。…like gender, race, and class…此处为介词短语做后置定语修饰factors。四：相同话题训练Passage ATommy, a 26-year-old chimp(猩猩),lives in a small cage in a used truck sales lot in New York. Retired from movie work and whatever else once occupied him, he has no chimp friends to keep him company — just a TV. He is worlds away from the rainforest of Western Africa, where chimps spend most of their lives in trees, hunting, and socializing together.His owner hasn't broken any laws, but an animal rights group called the Nonhuman Rights Project (NhRP) is trying to change the view. The group says chimps have such a humanlike intelligence that they should be recognized as “legal persons" and be placed in an animal shelter and wander free.You've probably heard the term “animal rights”, but animals don't actually have rights in many countries. Animal-welfare laws punish people who mistreat animals, but that's not the same as chimps having a right to liberty or anything else.NhRP's first step is to ask a judge to end people's unjust arrest on behalf of Tommy and other privately owned chimps. If the court decides to recognize chimps as legal persons, NhRP's next step will be arguing for what rights the chimps should be granted. "The right that we believe they should have most of all is the right to bodily liberty," says Wise, a NhRP group member. "They should be able to choose how to live their lives.”Tommy's owner, Pat Lavery, says he rescued Tommy from a careless owner about a decade ago and denies the chimp is mistreated or unhappy. "He likes being by himself,"  he says.“There's a danger in making a jump to say they're just like people," says Richard Cupp, a professor who writes about animals and the law. "If we' re really focused on chimps being very, very smart, then who knows if maybe someday we might …say, ‘Hey, here's a particular human being that's not very smart at all, maybe the chimps have higher status than this person.’”1．What can we know about Tommy?A．He is living a very lonely life.B．He dislikes living in the rainforest.C．He likes watching movies very much,D．He was illegally bought by Pat Lavery.2．What can we infer from the text?A．Great progress has been made on improving animal rights.B．Pat Lavery is thought to mistreat Tommy by NhRP.C．Animal rights are going from bad to worse.D．Animal rights have been admitted in western countries.3．What's the final goal NhRP wants to achieve?A．To ensure chimps' bodily safety. B．To stop illegal hunting of chimps.C．To help chimps find their families. D．To help chimps enjoy their freedom.4．What's Richard Cupp's attitude towards NhRP's efforts to win rights for chimps?A．Hopeful, B．Uncaring.C．Worried. D．Supportive.参考答案：1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Retired from movie work and whatever else once occupied him, he has no chimp friends to keep him company — just a TV.”（从电影和其他曾经占据他的工作中退休后，他没有黑猩猩朋友陪伴他——只有一台电视。）可知，汤米过着非常孤独的生活。故选A项。2．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Tommy's owner, Pat Lavery, says he rescued Tommy from a careless owner about a decade ago and denies the chimp is mistreated or unhappy.”（汤米的主人帕特·拉弗里(Pat Lavery)说，大约十年前他从一个粗心大意的主人手中救出了汤米，并否认这只黑猩猩受到了虐待或不开心。）可推断，NhRP认为帕特·拉弗里虐待汤米。故选B项。3．推理判断题。根据第二段“The group says chimps have such a humanlike intelligence that they should be recognized as “legal persons" and be placed in an animal shelter and wander free.”（该组织说，黑猩猩具有类似人类的智力，它们应该被认定为“法人”，并被安置在动物收容所，可以自由漫步。）根据倒数第三段“They should be able to choose how to live their lives”他们应该能够选择如何生活。可推断，NhRP的最终目标是帮助黑猩猩获得自由。故选D项。4．推理判断题。根据最后一段““There's a danger in making a jump to say they're just like people," says Richard Cupp, a professor who writes about animals and the law. "If we' re really focused on chimps being very, very smart, then who knows if maybe someday we might …say, ‘Hey, here's a particular human being that's not very smart at all, maybe the chimps have higher status than this person.’””（“轻率地说它们和人类一样是有危险的，”研究动物和法律的教授理查德·卡普(Richard Cupp)说。“如果我们真的把注意力集中在非常非常聪明的黑猩猩身上，那么谁知道也许有一天我们会说，‘嘿，这有一个人一点也不聪明，也许黑猩猩的地位比这个人高。’”）可推断，Richard Cupp对NhRP为黑猩猩争取权利的努力持担忧的态度。故选C项。Passage BComedy and PsychologyEarlier this year I did a part-time comedy course. The class was taught by Ryan, a professional comedian.I had performed a show, which wasn’t originally meant to be a comedy. However, the audience laughed at my first joke, then continued to laugh throughout the routines that were meant to be serious. So it was the audience who told me I was funny, but I didn’ t understand why or how to control the comic (滑稽的) moments. So, I joined the course to learn.“Turn off your editor that makes you say the right thing and remember how to be a child,” explained Ryan. “Don’t try to be clever. Don’t try too hard to be funny…and knowing all about the theory of humor is unlikely to help you much. Just behave in a silly way. That’s what people want to see on stage.”Ryan would help us loosen up by saying things like, “Wander around talking to others, but make sure that you’re the lowest status person here.”I’ d say that understanding the psychology of humor has actually helped. Recently I came across the book Inside Jokes: Using Humor to Reverse-Engineer the Mind. Its main idea is that any self-directed intelligent system will need to correct its own fault. There’s a risk that the occasional error will be made. If this was boring or burdensome, we’d be less willing to do it. However, evolution has made the process fun.Here’s a joke in the book: Two fish are in a tank. One says to the other, “Do you know how to drive this thing?” It works on the principle that we have started to imagine one thing—that the tank is the typical container people keep fish in—and, just in time, the following words tell us that our first assumption was wrong—it’s a heavy vehicle. For correctly figuring out the error, we are rewarded with a pleasurable feeling. The joke is an efficient way of encouraging this natural reaction, and comedians have become experts in slightly touching this mental funny-bone in order to make us laugh.Ryan was right when he said that knowing the theory of humor wouldn’t help us that much as a comedy.During one exercise in the course, four of us were told to perform an opera. Susan and Caroline sang earnestly on either side of the stage, and I brought Henry to the floor, where we wrestled (摔跤) each other like out-of-control teenagers. The rest of the group was in uncontrollable fits of laughter. As a performer, I’ ll never appreciate just why it seemed so funny. But the point is that I would never have written this on the paper. It was a joyous, found moment.1．Why did the author attend the comedy course?A．He wanted to see how the theories worked in practice.B．He discovered he had some natural ability in comedy.C．He worried about how other performers would find him.D．He got unpleasant experiences when performing a comedy.2．Ryan required the people on the comedy course to______.A．copy their favorite performanceB．imagine other people’ s reactionsC．help themselves feel comfortableD．behave in a more playful manner3．What view does the author put forward in the end?A．Visual humor is what appeals to people most.B．What people find funny is often unpredictable.C．Theories explaining humor tend to be mistaken.D．Learning comic skills proves to be a difficult task.参考解析：1．推理判断题。根据第一段中So it was the audience who told me I was funny, but I didn’ t understand why or how to control the comic (滑稽的) moments. So, I joined the course to learn.可知，作者参加了喜剧课程，因为他发现自己在喜剧方面有一定的天赋。故选B。2．推理判断题。根据第二段中and knowing all about the theory of humor is unlikely to help you much. Just behave in a silly way. That’s what people want to see on stage.”可知，Ryan要求喜剧课上的人们以一种更有趣的方式表现。由此可知答案为D。3．推理判断题。根据最后一段最后两句As a performer, I’ ll never appreciate just why it seemed so funny. But the point is that I would never have written this on the paper. It was a joyous, found moment.可知，作者认为人们觉得有趣的东西往往是不可预测的。故答案为B。