玩转高考题—2021高考全国新课标甲卷B篇阅读二次开发

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2021高考全国新课标甲卷B篇阅读二次开发目录内容板块一高考真题试做板块二重点字词释义板块三单句语法填空板块四阅读长难句解析板块五相同话题训练真题试做When almost everyone has a mobile phone, why are more than half of Australian homes still paying for a landline（座机）?These days you’d be hard pressed to find anyone in Australia over the age of 15 who doesn’t own a mobile phone. In fact plenty of younger kids have one in their pocket. Practically everyone can make and receive calls anywhere, anytime. Still, 55 percent of Australians have a landline phone at home and only just over a quarter （29%） rely only on their smartphones according to a survey （调查）. Of those Australians who still have a landline, a third concede that it’s not really necessary and they’re keeping it as a security blanket — 19 percent say they never use it while a further 13 percent keep it in case of emergencies. I think my home falls into that category. More than half of Australian homes are still choosing to stick with their home phone. Age is naturally a factor（因素）— only 58 percent of Generation Ys still use landlines now and then, compared to 84 percent of Baby Boomers who’ve perhaps had the same home number for 50 years. Age isn’t the only factor; I’d say it’s also to do with the makeup of your household. Generation Xers with young families, like my wife and I, can still find it convenient to have a home phone rather than providing a mobile phone for every family member. That said, to be honest the only people who ever ring our home phone are our Baby Boomers parents, to the point where we play a game and guess who is calling before we pick up the phone（using Caller ID would take the fun out of it）. How attached are you to your landline? How long until they go the way of gas street lamps and morning milk deliveries?1. What does paragraph 2 mainly tell us about mobile phones?A. Their target users.            B. Their wide popularity.C. Their major functions.        D. Their complex design.2. What does the underlined word “concede” in paragraph 3 mean?A. Admit.         B. Argue.        C. Remember.     D. Remark.3. What can we say about Baby Boomers?A. They like smartphone games. B. They enjoy guessing callers’ identity.C. They keep using landline phones. D. They are attached to their family.4. What can be inferred about the landline from the last paragraph?A. It remains a family necessity.B. It will fall out of use some day.C. It may increase daily expenses.D. It is as important as the gas light.参考答案：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了澳大利亚使用固定电话的情况，并且表达了固定电话是非必需品的观点。1.主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“These days you'd be hard pressed to find anyone in Australia over the age of 15 who doesn't own a mobile phone. In fact plenty of younger kids have one in their pocket. Practically everyone can make and receive calls anywhere, anytime. (现在你很难在澳大利亚找到15岁以上的没有手机的人。事实上，很多年幼的孩子口袋里都有手机。几乎每个人都可以随时随地拨打和接听电话)”可推知，本段主要说明手机在澳大利亚广受欢迎。故选B项。2.词句猜测题。根据划线单词的上文“Of those Australians who still have a landline (在那些仍然有固定电话的澳大利亚人中)”可知，这个调查的目标人群是仍然有固定电话的澳大利亚人；根据下文“it's not really necessary and they're keeping it as a security blanket — 19 percent say they never use it while a further 13 percent keep it in case of emergencies (固定电话并不是必须的，他们将其作为一种安全保障——19%的人表示他们从未使用过固定电话，另有13%的人保留固定电话以防紧急情况)”可知，很多人认为固定电话并不是必须拥有的，有些人保留固定电话只是为了防止紧急情况。从而推知，在调查中，他们应该是承认了固定电话的非必要性。由此推知，划线单词“concede”意为“承认”。故选A项。3.推理判断题。根据文章第四段“84 percent of Baby Boomers who've perhaps had the same home number for 50 years.(婴儿潮时代中有84%的人可能已经有50年相同的家庭号码了)”以及文章第五段“That said, to be honest the only people who ever ring our home phone are our Baby Boomers parents (也就是说，老实说，唯一打过我们家电话的人是婴儿潮一代的父母)”可推知，婴儿潮时代的人一直用固定电话。故选C项。4.推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“How attached are you to your landline? How long until they go the way of gas street lamps and morning milk deliveries? (你有多喜欢你的座机？它们还要多久才能走上煤气路灯和早晨送牛奶的道路？)”可推知，本段使用类比的方式，使用煤气路灯以及早晨送牛奶已经被淘汰的例子，侧面说明了固定电话总有一天会废弃的。故选B项。一：重点词汇mobileadj. 活动的；走动方便的；流动性的；易变的  n. 风铃Australian n. 澳大利亚人     adj. 澳大利亚的；澳大利亚人的pay for 赔偿；为…付钱；因…受罚[痛苦]；替某人付款landlinen. 陆上运输；陆空界线；陆海界线；固定电话press v. 压；按；把…塞入；紧握（手或臂）；推搡着移动；催促；坚持；压平；熨烫；压榨；压制；用力踩；极力要求；困扰；硬给n. 报纸；新闻记者；印刷机；出版社；榨汁机；挤压；拥挤的人群；衣柜in fact 实际上，其实；实则；事实上；说起来plenty of 很多的，大量的pocketn. 衣袋；小容器；钱；小区域；球袋  adj. 袖珍的v. 把…装进衣袋；盗用；揩油；赚取；把…击入球袋practically adv. 几乎；实际上 receive v. 收到，得到；承受；对…作出反应；收听/看；接待；购买；接/发球according to按...所说，根据survey n. 调查，勘测；概述  v. 审察，测量；进行民意测验concede v. 承认；让步；认输；授予（权利、特权）necessary adj. 必要的；必然的     n. 必需品security blanket n. 给人安全感之物；慰藉；安乐毯（一种供婴儿抓摸吮咬使其获得安慰的布料或衣服） furtheradv. （空间距离）较/更远地；(时间上)更(早或晚)；更极端地；(发展中)进一步地；在更大程度上；而且adj. 更多的；附加的  v. 促进；增进emergencyn. 紧急事件  adj. 紧急情况下的；应急的fall into 分成；掉进，陷入；堕入；陷于categoryn. 种类；类别stick with 继续做；跟着…；插满naturally adv. 自然地；理所当然地；合理地；天生地factorn. 因素；因子；倍数；系数  v. 把…因素包括进去generation n. 一代人；一代；一批；产生  adj. 第…代的compare to  把…比作， 喻为；与…相比perhaps adv. 可能；也许；或者；大概makeup n. 化妆；补充；构造；体格householdn. 家庭；同住一所房子的人  adj. 家喻户晓的；皇室的convenientadj. 实用的；方便的；附近的；省事的rather than adj. 全球的；整体的；全面的provide 而不是attachv. 把…固定；附上，附加；缠着；重视；附属，赋予；有关系deliveryn. 递送（商品）；分娩；投递的；演说风格target user目标用户popularityn. 流行，普及；声望functionn. 地位；情形，状态；身份complex adj. 复杂的；复合的n. 综合建筑群；相关联的一组事物；复合体；情结；忧虑admitv. 承认；招供；准许…进入；接纳；收治remarkn. 注意，观察；话语；评论，谈论   vt.& vi. 评论；觉察daily expense日常开销as important as 和...一样重要语法填空1．When almost everyone has a mobile phone, why are more than half of Australian homes still            （pay） for a landline（座机）参考答案：paying.考查时态；pay与前面的are构成进行时态.当几乎每个人都有手机时，为什么超过一半的澳大利亚家庭还在付费购买固定电话呢！2．           （Practical） everyone can make and receive calls anywhere, anytime. 参考答案：Practically；此处考查形容词变副词；Practically放句首充当状语成分相当于in fact；几乎每个人都可以在任何地方打电话和接听电话。3． I can still find          convenient to have a home phone rather than providing a mobile phone for every family member.参考答案：it；此处考查it做形容宾语；后面的to do不定式做真正的宾语。我仍然可以发现拥有一个家庭电话而不是为每个家庭成员提供一个手机更方便。4． Landline may increase         （day）expenses and it is as important          the gas light.参考答案：daily；as。第一空考查名词变形容词；日常的；每天的；所以用daily。第二空考查固定搭配；as...as..像..一样。固定电话可能会增加日常的费用，并且它像煤气灯一样重要。长难句解析①　These days you’d be hard pressed to find anyone in Australia over the age of 15 who doesn’t own a mobile phone. In fact plenty of younger kids have one in their pocket. 翻译：林姆普恩港保护区经营着一个繁殖计划，它对一只罕见的黑犀牛牛犊的到来表示欢迎。分析：主句内容为Port Lympne Reserve has welcomed the arrival of a rare black rhino calf (犀牛幼崽).  which在此处引导非限定性定语从句.②　It's still a little too cold for them to go out into the open, but as soon as the weather warms up, I have no doubt that the little one will be out and about exploring and playing every day.”翻译： 他们出去户外还是有点太冷了，但一旦天气变暖，我相信这个小家伙会出去，每天探险和玩耍。”分析：too..to表示太..而不能。As soon as 引导时间状语从句.no doubt引导宾语从句；that在从句中不充当成分；只起连接作用③　 it is too early to tell if the calves will make good candidates to be returned to protected areas of the wild. 翻译：现在就判断这些小牛是否会成为返回野外保护区还为时过早。分析： too..to表示太..而不能。Tell之后引导的的是宾语从句；if在从句中不充当成分；只有语义；表是否④　According to the World Wildlife Fund, the global black rhino population has dropped as low as 5500, giving the rhinos a “critically endangered” status.翻译：根据世界野生动物基金会的数据，全球黑犀牛数量下降至5500头，使犀牛处于“极度濒危”的地位。分析：主句内容为the global black rhino population has dropped as low as 5500；giving引导的为结果状语从句四：相同话题训练Passage ACalifornia Condor’s Shocking RecoveryCalifornia condors are North America’s largest birds,with wing-length of up to 3 meters.In the 1980s,electrical lines and lead poisoning(铅中毒) nearly drove them to dying out.Now,electric shock training and medical treatment are helping to rescue these big birds.In the late 1980s,the last few condors were taken from the wild to be bred(繁殖).Since 1992,there have been multiple reintroductions to the wild,and there are now more than 150 flying over California and nearby Arizona,Utah and Baja in Mexico.Electrical lines have been killing them off.“As they go in to rest for the night,they just don’t see the power lines,” says Bruce Rideout of San Diego Zoo.Their wings can bridge the gap between lines,resulting in electrocution(电死) if they touch two lines at once.So scientists have come up with a shocking idea.Tall poles,placed in large training areas,teach the birds to stay clear of electrical lines by giving them a painful but undeadly electric shock.Before the training was introduced,66% of set-free birds died of electrocution.This has now dropped to 18%.Lead poisoning has proved more difficult to deal with.When condors eat dead bodies of other animals containing lead,they absorb large quantities of lead.This affects their nervous systems and ability to produce baby birds,and can lead to kidney(肾) failure and death.So condors with high levels of lead are sent to Los Angeles Zoo,where they are treated with calcium EDTA,a chemical that removes lead from the blood over several days.This work is starting to pay off.The annual death rate for adult condors has dropped from 38% in 2000 to 5.4% in 2011.Rideout’s team thinks that the California condors’ average survival time in the wild is now just under eight years.“Although these measures are not effective forever,they are vital for now,”he says.“They are truly good birds that are worth every effort we put into recovering them.”1.California condors attract researchers’ interest because they 　　　. A.are active at nightB.had to be bred in the wildC.are found only in CaliforniaD.almost died out in the 1980s2.Researchers have found electrical lines are 　　　. A.blocking condors’ journey homeB.big killers of California condorsC.rest places for condors at nightD.used to keep condors away3.According to Paragraph 5,lead poisoning 　　　. A.makes condors too nervous to flyB.has little effect on condors’ kidneysC.can hardly be gotten rid of from condors’ bloodD.makes it difficult for condors to produce baby birds4.This passage shows that 　　　. A.the average survival time of condors is satisfactoryB.Rideout’s research interest lies in electric engineeringC.the efforts to protect condors have brought good resultsD.researchers have found the final answers to the problem解析：本文为说明文加利福尼亚的秃鹰因为触碰高压电线以及铅中毒一度濒临灭绝,然而触电实验和药物治疗有效地解决了这个问题。1.D　细节理解题　。由第一段第二句可知,20世纪80年代,电线和铅中毒致使秃鹰濒临灭绝　,于是科学家想方设法挽救它们的生命。A项原文未提及;B、C项与原文信息不符。2.B　细节理解题　。根据第三段第一句“Electrical lines have been killing them off　.”可知,电线是秃鹰的一大杀手,故选B项。3.D　细节理解题。根据第五段第三句提到,铅中毒影响秃鹰的神经系统和生育能力　,故选D项。A、C项原文未提及;B项与原文意思相反。4.C　细节理解题　。根据第四段最后两句及第五段最后一句可知,秃鹰经过电击训练和药物治疗之后死亡率　大幅下降　。故选C项。Passage BPesticides might just be a bee's worst enemy. They harm their brains, slow down their reproduction, and even kill their buzz. Now it seems they damage their social lives and reduce their ability to care for their young. While previous studies have shown that commonly used neonicotinoid（新烟碱类）pesticides make bees sick and affect how they search for food and navigate, a new study gives more of an idea of how these chemicals affect the internal workings of a colony（种群）. Studying these effects has proved difficult, so the team employed a new technique. They stuck tiny QR codes to the backs of humblebees and tracked their movements using a robotic camera. The researchers looked at 12 colonies housed in a lab, giving some the same level of imidacloprid—the world's most commonly used pesticide—that they'd be exposed to in the wild while keeping others pesticide-free as controls. They checked on them for a few minutes 12 times a day. The findings are published in the journal Science. Unfortunately, the researchers found a number of obvious differences between the bees exposed to the pesticide and the controls. The bees given neonicotinoids spent less time interacting with other bees and more time resting. This pause in activity tended to happen more at night, but the researchers aren't sure why. "Bees actually have a very strong circadian rhythm（生理节奏）," lead author James Crall explained in a statement. "So what we found was that, during the day, there was no statistically observable effect, but at night, we could see that they were crashing. We don't know yet whether the pesticides are destroying circadian gene regulation or if this is just some, maybe physiological feedback…But it suggests that, just from a practical perspective, if we want to understand or study these compounds, looking at effects overnight matters a lot."1. What does the new study suggest about pesticides' effect on bees?A. Pesticides lead to their disease.B. Pesticides slow down their brain functionC. Pesticides upset their community.D. Pesticides damage bees' internal parts.2. What does the underlined word "controls" in Paragraph 3 refer to?A. The tools used to observe the bees.B. The data recorded by the robotic cameraC. The researchers conducting the experiments.D. The bees kept free from the pesticides.3. What can be concluded from the last paragraph?A. The circadian rhythm of bees is stronger during the day.B. It is vital to study the performance of bees at nightC. It is certain that pesticides affect bees only at night.D. The pesticides do great harm to circadian gene regulation of bees.4. What's the purpose of the passage?A. To inform people of the worrying effects of pesticides.B. To check the best time to observe experimental results.C. To call for the toughest ban on the chemicals.D. To recommend measures to improve the quality of pesticides.参考答案：1. C  细节理解题。根据第二段中“a new study gives more of an idea of how these chemicals affect the internal workings of a colony.（一项新的研究提出一个想法——这些化学药品是如何影响一个种群的内部协作的）”可知，最新的研究暗示了这些杀虫剂会扰乱蜜蜂这个种群的内部协作。故选C。2. D  词义猜测题。根据第三段中“The researchers looked at 12 colonies housed in a lab, giving some the same level of imidacloprid—the world's most commonly used pesticide—that they'd be exposed to in the wild while keeping others pesticide-free as controls.（研究人员对实验室里的12个蜜蜂种群进行观察，让其中一些处于有吡虫啉这种杀虫剂的环境中，这种杀虫剂是世界上最常用的一种，这样的环境与它们在野外接触到的杀虫剂是同等水平的，同时让其他没有接触杀虫剂的蜜蜂作为对照组）”可知，研究人员将两类蜜蜂进行实验对比，一类是接触杀虫剂的，另一类是远离杀虫剂的，所以controls就是指那类没有接触杀虫剂的蜜蜂。故选D。3. B  推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“But it suggests that, just from a practical perspective, if we want to understand or study these compounds, looking at effects overnight matters a lot.（但是从实际性角度来说，如果我们想要了解并研究这些化合物，在夜间的观察效果会好许多）”可知，从最后一段中，我们可以得知在晚上研究这些蜜蜂的活动是很重要的也是有效的。故选B。4. A  推理判断题。根据文章第一段中的“Pesticides might just be a bee's worst enemy. They harm their brains, slow down their reproduction, and even kill their buzz. Now it seems they damage their social lives and reduce their ability to care for their young.（杀虫剂对蜜蜂来说可能是最大的敌人。伤害它们的大脑，减缓它们的繁殖速度，甚至扼杀了它们的嗡嗡声。现在看来还破坏了它们的社交生活，降低了照顾蜜蜂幼虫的能力）”可知，文章以蜜蜂为例，介绍了杀虫剂对昆虫的不利影响，目的是让人们知道杀虫剂在破坏生物方面的不利影响，使用杀虫剂也有令人担忧的一面。故选A。