玩转高考题—2021新高考全国II卷D篇阅读二次开发

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2021新高考全国II卷D篇阅读二次开发目录内容板块一高考真题试做板块二重点字词释义板块三单句语法填空板块四阅读长难句解析板块五相同话题训练真题试做 An Australian professor is developing a robot to monitor the health of grazing cattle, a development that could bring big changes to a profession that’s relied largely on a low-tech approach for decades but is facing a labor shortage. Salah Sukkarieh, a professor at the University of Sydney, sees robots as necessary given how cattlemen are aging. He is building a four-wheeled robot that will run on solar and electric power. It will use cameras and sensors to monitor the animals. A computer system will analyze the video to determine whether a cow is sick. Radio tags （标签）on the animals will measure temperature changes. The quality of grassland will be tracked by monitoring the shape，color and texture （质地） of grass. That way， cattlemen will know whether they need to move their cattle to another field for nutrition purposes. Machines have largely taken over planting, watering and harvesting crops such as com and wheat, but the monitoring of cattle has gone through fewer changes. For Texas cattleman Pete Bonds, it's increasingly difficult to find workers interested in watching cattle. But Bonds doesn't believe a robot is right for the job. Years of experience in the industry — and failed attempts to use technology — have convinced him that the best way to check cattle is with a man on a horse. Bonds, who bought his first cattle almost 50 years ago, still has each of his cowboys inspect 300 or 400 cattle daily and look for signs that an animal is getting sick. Other cattlemen see more promise in robots. Michael Kelsey Paris, vice president of the Oklahoma Cattlemen's Association, said a robot could be extremely useful given rising concerns about cattle theft. Cattle tend to be kept in remote places and their value has risen, making them appealing targets. 1.What is a problem with the cattle-raising industry? A. Soil pollution.        B. Lack of workers. C. Aging machines.       D. Low profitability. 2. What will Sukkarieh's robot be able to do? A.Monitor the quality of grass.         B.Cure the diseased cattle. C.Move cattle to another field.         D.Predict weather changes. 3.Why does Pete Bonds still hire cowboys to watch cattle? A. He wants to help them earn a living.   B.He thinks men can do the job better. C. He is inexperienced in using robots.   D.He enjoys the traditional way of life. 4.How may robots help with cattle watching according to Michael Kelsey? A.Increase the value of cattle.      B. Bring down the cost of labor. C.Make the job more appealing.   D.Keep cattle from being stolen. 参考答案：这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了澳大利亚一名教授正在开发一种机器人，用于监测放牧牛健康状况。1.细节理解题。根据文章第一段“An Australian professor is developing a robot to monitor the health of grazing cattle, a development that could bring big changes to a profession that's relied largely on a low-tech approach for decades but is facing a labor shortage.（澳大利亚一名教授正在开发一种机器人，用于监测放牧牛的健康状况，这一开发可能会给畜牧业带来重大变化。几十年来，畜牧业主要依靠低技术手段，但目前正面临劳动力短缺的问题。）”可知，畜牧产业面临劳动力短缺的问题。故选B。2.细节理解题。根据文章第二段“The quality of grassland will be tracked by monitoring the shape, color and texture (质地) of grass.（通过监测草形状、颜色和质地来跟踪草地的质量。）”可知，Sukkarieh的机器人可以监测草的质量。故选A。3.细节理解题。根据文章第四段“But Bonds doesn't believe a robot is right for the job. Years of experience in the industry - and failed attempts to use technology - have convinced him that the best way to check cattle is with a man on a horse.（但邦兹认为机器人并不适合这份工作。多年的行业经验——以及使用技术的失败尝试——使他确信，检查牛的最好方法是让一名男子骑在马上。）”可知，皮特·邦兹仍然雇佣牛仔看牛是因为他认为人能做得更好。故选B。4.细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Michael Kelsey Paris, vice president of the Oklahoma Cattlemen's Association, said a robot could be extremely useful given rising concerns about cattle theft.（俄克拉荷马州养牛人协会副会长迈克尔·凯尔西·帕里斯说，鉴于人们对偷牛的担忧不断上升，机器人可能会非常有用。）”可知，机器人帮助照看牛，可以防止牛被偷。故选D。一：重点词汇professor n. 教授；讲师monitor v. 监控；监听n. 监测仪器；显示屏；班长；监督员；巨蜥grazevt. 擦过，掠过   n. 放牧；擦伤relied largely on 主要依赖于approach v. 接近，临近；对付，处理；接洽，要求n. 方法，方式；接近，来临；接洽，要求；途径，道路；相似的事物decaden. 十年labor shortage 劳动力短缺solar adj. 太阳（能）的electric power 电力，电功率 sensor n. 传感器，灵敏元件system n. 体系，制度；系统；网（络）；身体analyze v.  分析；分解；化验measure v. 衡量；测量；量度为…；估量n. 措施；相当数量；体现；尺度；判断；度量单位；标准量；计量工具；(音乐的)小节temperature n. 温度；体温；氛围quality n. 质量特性；素质；优质adj. 优质的；棒极了；内容严肃的trackn. 小道；跑道；铁轨；站台；歌曲；音轨；足迹；路径；班级；滑轨；履带v. 跟踪；追踪…的动向；跟踪摄影；留下足迹；探究；按能力分组nutrition n. 营养purposen. 意图，计划；情势需要；重要意义；意志take over 接管harvestn. 收获；收成v. 收获；捕猎；采集；获取wheatn. 小麦be right for 适合attemptv. 努力，尝试，企图n. 努力，尝试，（杀人）企图convincev. 使相信；说服check v. 检查；查看；核实；控制；抑制；克制；存放；在…上打钩；托运n. 检查；账单；支票；调查；阻碍；条令；约束；记号；方格图案；存放处/牌；（国际象棋）将军inspect v. 检查；视察signn. 迹象；招牌；手势；符号v. 签字；和…签约；打手势promisev. 许诺；答应给予；预示n. 诺言；获得成功的迹象；吉兆associationn. 协会，联盟；关系；联系，联想；因果关系extremely adv. 极端地；非常，很；去；绝theftn. 偷窃，盗窃（罪）tend v. 往往会；倾向于；个人认为；护理，照料；招待remote adj. 偏僻的，遥远的；关系疏远的；微乎其微的；冷漠的；远程的；相差很大的n. 遥控（器）appealing adj. 有吸引力的；恳求的(表情或语气)targetn. 目标；对象；靶子v. 以…为攻击目标；瞄准，面向语法填空1．An Australian professor is developing a robot          （monitor）the health of grazing cattle参考答案：to monitor ；考查非谓语to do 不定式做目的状语。为了监测放牧牛的健康状况，一位澳大利亚教授正在开发一种机器人.2．He is building a four-wheeled robot         will run on solar and electric power.参考答案：that；考查定语从句；that 在从句中做主语.他正在制造一个可以依靠太阳能和电力运行的四轮机器人。3． The quality of grassland will           （track）by monitoring the shape，color and texture （质地） of grass. 参考答案：be tracked，考察被动语态.草的质量被检测.通过监测草地的形状、颜色和纹理（质地）来跟踪草地的质量。4． it's           （increasing） difficult to find workers interested in watching cattle. But Bonds doesn't believe a robot is right             the job.参考答案：increasingly；for；前句是it做形式主语的句型；increasingly修饰形容词difficult；be right for固定搭配；合适。人们越来越难找到对看牛群感兴趣的工人。但邦兹并不认为机器人是否适合这项工作。5．A computer system will analyze the video to determine            a cow is sick. 参考答案：whether；考查宾语从句。Whether在从句中不充当成分；只有语义。一个计算机系统将分析视频，以确定一头牛是否生病了。三：重点句式①　 An Australian professor is developing a robot to monitor the health of grazing cattle, a development that could bring big changes to a profession that’s relied largely on a low-tech approach for decades but is facing a labor shortage. 翻译：一位澳大利亚教授正在开发一种机器人来监测放牧牛的健康状况，这一发展可能会给这个职业带来重大变化。这个职业几十年来主要依赖低技术的方法，但正面临劳动力短缺。分析：is developing进行时态；表现阶段正在做的事；to monitor 非谓语充当目的状语；a development之后是定语从句；that在从句中充当主语；a profession 之后是定语从句；that在从句中充当主语.relied largely on表示主要依赖于；facing a labor shortage面临劳动力短缺.②　Salah Sukkarieh, a professor at the University of Sydney, sees robots as necessary given how cattlemen are aging.翻译： 悉尼大学的教授萨拉赫·苏卡里耶认为，鉴于牧牛人的衰老程度，机器人是必要的。 分析：主句内容为Salah Sukkarieh sees robots as necessary；a professor at the University of Sydney补充说明身份信息；given how cattlemen are aging.在此处作状语③　cattlemen will know whether they need to move their cattle to another field for nutrition purposes. 翻译：牧场人知道他们是否需要把牛搬到另一个地方为了他们的营养。分析： will know之后是宾语从句；whether只有语义；move to搬去某地；for之后是原因状语   ④　Bonds, who bought his first cattle almost 50 years ago, still has each of his cowboys inspect 300 or 400 cattle daily and look for signs that an animal is getting sick. 翻译：邦兹在50年前买了他的第一批牛，他的每个牛仔每天检查300或400头牛，并寻找动物生病的迹象。分析：主句内容Bonds still has each of his cowboys inspect 300 or 400 cattle daily and look for signs。Who引导非限定性定语从句；在从句中充当主语；signs之后引导同位语从句..⑤　Cattle tend to be kept in remote places and their value has risen, making them appealing targets. 翻译：牛往往被饲养在偏远的地方，它们的价值已经上升，使它们成为吸引人的目标。分析：主句是一个and 连接的并列句；making引导的句式在此处做结果状语四：相同话题训练Passage AA team of engineers at Harvard University has been inspired by nature to create the first robotic fly. The mechanical fly has become a platform for a series of new high-tech integrated systems. Designed to do what a fly does naturally, the tiny machine is the size of a fat housefly. Its mini wings allow it to stay in the air and perform controlled flight tasks.“It's extremely important for us to think about this as a whole system and not just the sum of a bunch of individual components,” said Robert Wood, the Harvard engineering professor who has been working on the robotic fly project for over a decade. A few years ago, his team got the go-ahead to start piecing together the components. “The added difficulty with a project like this is that actually none of those components are off the shelf and so we have to develop them all on our own,” he said.They engineered a series of systems to start and drive the robotic fly. “The seemingly simple system which just moves the wings has a number of interdependencies on the individual components, each of which individually has to perform well, but then has to be matched well to everything it's connected to,” said Wood. The flight device was built into a set of power, computation, sensing and control systems. Wood says the success of the project proves that the flying robot with these tiny components can be built and manufactured.While this first robotic fly is linked to a small, off-board power source, the goal is eventually to equip it with a built-in power source, so that it might someday perform data-gathering work at rescue sites, in farmers' fields or on the battlefield. “Basically, it should be able to take off, land and fly around,” he said.Wood says the design offers a new way to study flight mechanics and control at insect-scale. Yet, the power, sensing and computation technologies on board could have much broader applications. “You can start thinking about using them to answer open scientific questions, you know, to study biology in ways that would be difficult with the animals, but using these robots instead,” he said. “So there are a lot of technologies and open interesting scientific questions that are really what drive us on a day-to-day basis.”1.Which of the following statements was the difficulty engineers met while making the robotic fly?A.They did not have sufficient funds.B.No ready-made components were available.C.There was no model in their mind.D.It was hard for them to assemble the components.2.What can be inferred from Paragraph 4?A.The robotic fly has been put into wide applications.B.The robotic fly consists of a flight device and a control system.C.Information from many sources can be collected by the robotic fly.D.The robotic fly can just fly in limited areas at present.3.Which of the following can be learned from the passage?A.Wood's design can replace animals in some experiments.B.Animals are not allowed in biological experiments.C.The robotic fly is designed to learn about insects.D.There used to be few ways to study how insects fly.4.Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?A.The Development of the Robotic FlyB.The Robotic Fly Promotes Engineering ScienceC.Harvard's Efforts in Making the Robotic FlyD.The Robotic Fly Imitates Real-life Insects参考答案：1.B根据第二段中“The added difficulty with a project like this is that actually none of those components are off the shelf and so we have to develop them all on our own,” he said.(他说:“像这样的项目还有一个额外的困难,那就是实际上这些组件都不是现成的,所以我们必须自己开发。”)可知工程师们在制作机器苍蝇时遇到的困难是没有现成的组件。故选B项。2.D根据第四段中“While this first robotic fly is linked to a small, off-board power source, the goal is eventually to equip it with a built-in power source, so that it might someday perform data-gathering work at rescue sites, in farmers' fields or on the battlefield.(尽管第一个机器苍蝇连接到一个小型的外置的电源,但目标是最终给它配备一个内置的电源,这样它可能有一天在救援地点、在农民的田地或战场上执行数据收集工作。)”可推断出:机器苍蝇目前只能在有限的区域飞行。故选D项。3.A　根据最后一段中“You can start thinking about using them to answer open scientific questions, you know, to study biology in ways that would be difficult with the animals, but using these robots instead,” he said.(他说:“你可以开始考虑用它们来回答开放式的科学问题,你知道,用动物很难做到的方式来研究生物学,但可以用这些机器人来代替。”)可知伍德的设计可以在某些实验中代替动物。故选A项。4.D　根据第一段中的描述:哈佛大学的一组工程师受到大自然的启发,创造了第一只机器苍蝇。机械苍蝇已经成为一系列高新技术集成系统的平台。这台小型机器的设计初衷是让苍蝇能很自然地做它们该做的事情,但它的体积只有一只家蝇那么大,以及文章主要内容讲述了机械苍蝇能够模仿真实的昆虫来进行数据收集工作,D项“机器苍蝇模仿真实的昆虫”符合本文主题。Passage BAt England’s University of Plymouth,Professor Eduardo Miranda has been programming pairs of robots to compose music.Miranda’s robots have simple “vocal cords(声带)” and are programmed to sing and to listen to each other.The robots’ unique warbling sounds(颤音) do not perfectly match the human voice,but each machine is exactly sharing music with the other in a new and unique way.Each robot is equipped with speakers,software that mimics the human voice,a mouth that opens as it “sings”,a microphone for ears,and a camera for eyes.The robots also move.Miranda hopes that by studying his robot vocalists,he can discover something about how and why humans create,perform,and listen to music.When the robots sing,first one robot makes six random sounds.Its partner responds with more sounds.The first robot analyzes the sounds to see if their sequences are similar.If they are,it nods its head and commits the sounds to memory,and the second robot notices and “memorizes” the musical sequence,too.If the first robot thinks the sounds are too different,it shakes its head and both robots ignore the sounds.Then the process continues.Miranda set up an experiment in which he left the two robots alone in his study for two weeks.When he returned,his little warblers had,by imitating each other,not only shared notes but combined them.The product of their cooperation was far from symphonic,but the robots had begun to combine the notes into their own self-developed “songs”.With the help of his warbling robots,one of Miranda’s goals is to create music that no human would ever compose.Miranda believes the robots are ideal for this purpose because they would not be influenced by any existing musical styles or rules.5.Which is closest in meaning to the underlined word “mimics” in Paragraph 2?A.Substitutes. B.Interrupts.          C.Controls. D.Copies.6.What did the two robots do during Miranda’s experiment?A.They interacted with each other.B.They ignored the unique sound.C.They learned to sing better than humans.D.They committed random sounds to memory.7.What does Miranda want his robots to do?A.Sing as well as humans do.B.Create new styles of music.C.Memorize a variety of music.D.Promote traditional musical forms.8.What is the text mainly about?A.Future robots.                B.Special songs.C.Music by robots. D.Experiments by Miranda.参考答案：5.D　词义猜测题。根据第二段中的“...software that mimics the human voice,a mouth that opens as it ‘sings’,a microphone for ears,and a camera for eyes.”可知,此处的意思是“每个机器人都有一个扬声器,模仿人类声音的软件,唱歌时会张开的嘴,用作耳朵的传声器和用作眼睛的相机”。由此可知,该词的意思是“模仿”,与copy含义相近。6.A　细节理解题。根据第四段中的“...his little warblers had,by imitating each other,not only shared notes but combined them.The product of their cooperation was far from symphonic,but the robots had begun to combine the notes into their own self-developed ‘songs’.”可知,这两个机器人通过互相模仿,不仅分享了音符还把它们组合起来。它们合作的作品虽然不是那么和谐,但是它们开始把音符放在它们自己的歌曲中了。根据文中的“shared”“cooperation”可知,机器人之间存在互动。7.B　细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“With the help of his warbling robots,one of Miranda’s goals is to create music that no human would ever compose.”可知,Miranda的目标之一就是创造一种人类从未有过的音乐。8.C　主旨大意题。第一段中的第一句话“At England’s University of Plymouth,Professor Eduardo Miranda has been programming pairs of robots to compose music.”可知,Miranda 教授给机器人编程让它们创作音乐,点明主题。接着介绍了音乐机器人的构造,机器人的音乐创作过程和一次创作实验的情况。因此,文章的主要内容是关于机器人创作音乐的。