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    2022届天津市第一中学高三下学期4月月考英语试题含解析

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    2022届天津市第一中学高三下学期4月月考英语试题含解析

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    这是一份2022届天津市第一中学高三下学期4月月考英语试题含解析,共41页。
     2021-2022-2天津一中高三年级第四次月考
    英语试卷
    本试卷分为第Ⅰ卷(选择题)、和第Ⅱ卷(非选择题)两部分,共130分,考试用时100分钟。考生务必将答案填写在答题卡上,答在试卷上的无效。考试结束后,将答题卡交回。
    第Ⅰ卷(选择题,共95分)
    第一部分英语知识运用(共两节,满分45分)
    第一节单项填空(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)
    从A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
    1. —Ann, our department has just been named the Department of the Year because of the outstanding sales.
    —________
    A. Good to know B. I’ll say
    C. I hear you on that one D. Can’t argue with that
    2. The experience in Paris gave the young musician a unique________ into the influence of music on children, so he founded a school to teach children to play the piano.
    A. privilege B. liberty C. insight D. emergency
    3. The final score of the basketball match was 93-94. We were only ________ beaten.
    A. nearly B. slightly C. narrowly D. lightly
    4. People are fond of the girl’s fashion design________ the style of modern clothes with that of traditional Hanfu.
    A. mixing B. to mix C. mixed D. having mixed
    5. When receiving the letter last night I didn’t notice what________ on the back of the letter.
    A. marked B. has marked C. has been marked D. was marked
    6. The restaurant has changed its service and some of its dishes________ the complaints from the customers.
    A. in response to B. in return for C. in respect of D. in exchange for
    7. Nothing taught by others can have the same effect on you as________ learned by yourself.
    A. one B. that C. those D. this
    8. The power supply in this city has been completely________, causing a factories to stop their production.
    A. knocked down B. knocked out C. broken up D. broken away
    9. All the issues we were concerned about were settled, but we thought the result was________ ideal.
    A. other than B. aside from C. rather than D. far from
    10. Hello! This is Li Hua. I’m calling to put off the appointment I________ with Dr, Li until next Wednesday.
    A. will make B. had made C. have made D. would make
    11. Topics of conversations should be ______ to the experiences and interests of the students.
    Otherwise, they won’t be interested.
    A. sensitive B. allergic C. familiar D. relevant
    12. I like sports and prefer those________ players need to work as a team instead of competing against each other.
    A. when B. that C. where D. who
    13. I wonder why we________ eat out all the time when we can cook our own meals at home.
    A. may B. would C. should D. must
    14. ________Earth is the only planet known to support life, humans’ adaptability will surely allow us to live on other planets.
    A. While B. Since C. Until D. Unless
    15. It’s unclear________ the tiny computer will be released, but it will come onto the market sooner or later.
    A. when B. what C. how D. whether
    第二节完形填空(共20小题;每小题1.5分,满分30分)
    阅读下面短文,掌握其大意,然后从16-35各题所给的四个选项A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。
    One day, a dog got herself left in the cold waters of New York’s East River. At this time, Gabe Castellanos, a college student came and ___16___ her at the cost of abandoning his own birthday party.
    The ___17___ took place last week in Brooklyn when Harper, the dog, was out on a ___18___ with her pet sitter. ___19___ they were walking down the street, the pet sitter was suddenly hit by a taxi that had run through a stop sign. Though the pet sitter only had minor injuries, Harper ___20___ in a panic and fell into the river.
    Meanwhile, Castellanos had been ___21___ his birthday with some friends on the Brooklyn barge (大型平底船)when they saw the dog in the water. The group at first ___22___ that the dog could swim and then go to the pier (码头); ___23___, the dog swam farther and farther away from the pier. Castellanos noticed Harper was quickly losing ___24___ and he knew that he had to do something. Luckily, Castellanos graduated from the SUNY Maritime (海事的)College. Using his maritime experience, Castellanos took a lifejacket, and ____25____ into the water.
    With scores of pedestrians ____26____ on him from the shore, Castellanos ____27____ to swim to Harper. It was a bit ____28____ because when Harper caught sight of Castellanos ____29____ towards her, she started to swim away. With much effort, Castellanos ____30____ her and started pulling her back towards land. ____31____, Harper was reunited with her ____32____ pet sitter.
    Castellanos told reporters that he is a lover of ____33____. Seeing the dog was almost drowning, he had deep sympathy for her and he thought he had done a right thing. Harper’s owner said she was ____34____ for Castellanos’s actions and she said she would like to throw him another birthday party to ____35____ for his last one.
    16. A. fed B. rescued C. trained D. kept
    17. A. interview B. attack C. incident D. celebration
    18. A. walk B. bus C. road D. flight
    19. A. Because B. Since C. Till D. As
    20. A. got down B. broke out C. took off D. stood up
    21. A. recalling B. preparing C. planning D. observing
    22. A. indicated B. assumed C. doubted D. imagined
    23. A. therefore B. otherwise C. however D. though
    24. A. steam B. goals C. weight D. missions
    25. A. moved B. looked C. jumped D. marched
    26. A. cheering B. depending C. cheating D. calling
    27. A. agreed B. needed C. hesitated D. managed
    28. A. dangerous B. easy C. rewarding D. challenging
    29. A. running B. shouting C. heading D. flying
    30. A. took notice of B. caught up with C. kept pace with D. ran away from
    31. A. Normally B. Suddenly C. Surprisingly D. Eventually
    32. A. anxious B. careless C. ridiculous D. miserable
    33. A. nature B. animals C. arts D. peace
    34. A. selfless B. grateful C. helpful D. sleepless
    35. A. compensate B. advertise C. account D. fight
    第二部分阅读理解(共20小题:每小题2.5分,满分50分)
    阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。
    A
    Gymnastics Instructor Wanted
    About us
    PCYC (Police Citizens Youth Club) Queensland is a not-for-profit organization established in 1948, aiming to build safer and healthier communities. We focus on young people’s personal and leadership development by offering state-wide programs, services and facilities through 54 branches, two leadership development centers and two activity centers.
    About the position
    PCYC Burdekin currently wants gymnastics instructors, who will assist in the development and delivery of the gymnastics programs to PCYC clients.
    •Casual work (approximately 20 30 hours per week)
    •$28.38-$31.80 per hour (depending on previous experience and qualification—junior rate may apply)
    •To be employed, you must be qualified to get a Working with Children Check or Blue Card and be willing to undertake a National Police Check.
    •Applicants with intermediate accreditation (认证) from Gymnastics Queensland will be considered with priority.
    What we can offer
    •Free onsite parking and free access to PC 24/7 gyms
    •Flexible work environment and working hours
    •Opportunity to work in an established branch with a great team
    Key responsibilities include
    •Deliver a broad range of fun group gymnastics programs for all ages, in accordance with safety and industry-approved practice requirements.
    •Contribute towards creative marketing and promotion of the gymnastics programs to maintain current participants and attract new participants.
    •Ensure our gymnastics equipment is maintained and used in a safe manner.
    •Instruct and assist the work of junior coaching staff.
    Deadline
    Applications close on 8 September, 2022. Interested? Click here to apply.
    36. What is PCYC Queensland’s goal?
    A. To provide the youth with advice on personal emotions.
    B. To make a fortune through state-wide programs.
    C. To build more branches outside Queensland.
    D. To improve community security and health.
    37. How much can a gymnastics instructor in PCYC Burdekin earn in a week?
    A. $100-$300. B. $330-$530. C. $560-$960. D. $990-$1390.
    38. What should you do to increase your chance of being employed by PCYC Burdekin?
    A. Express the desire to work for National Police Agency.
    B. Show the intermediate gymnastics qualification.
    C. Present the experiences in dealing with children.
    D. Explain the urgent need for a full-time job.
    39. If hired, a gymnastics instructor will be responsible for_________.
    A. seeking junior coaches to build a team
    B. seleoting suitable equipment for teenagers
    C. helping advertise the gymnastics programs
    D. designing new gymnastics programs independently
    40 Where does this text probably come from?
    A. A Queensland’s local paper. B. A job-hunting mobile app.
    C. A popular science website. D. A notice-board in a gym.
    B
    When I visited the remote Swedish town. of Alvdalen, I was immediately struck by the forest-covered valley in which it is situated. I was set to meet the last speakers of Elfdalian. The language is currently used only by about 2,500 people, but it has preserved language features that are to be found nowhere else in Scandinavia.
    Elfdalian is unique among Nordic (北欧人的) languages, with different tones and sounds. Even the grammar and vocabulary are unlike Swedish. So, while speakers of Swedish, Norwegian, and Danish are able to have simple conversations and understand each other, it is not so with Elfdalian. While Elfdalian originated from the same region as Swedish, it is completely baffling to non-local people.
    For centuries, it was unnecessary for the majority of the native Elfdalian-speaking population to learn standard Swedish or other languages, as most trade and economio networks occurred within local areas. Elfdalian remained an active language until the 20th century.
    However, with increased mobility and the arrival of mass media, speakers of Elfdalian shifted to Swedish. At present, only half of the residents of Alvdalen speak it, and of the youngest generation, only about 60 children under the age of 15 are fluent in it.
    During my visit, I was lucky to be introduced to a group of language activists united under the name Ulum Dalska. Attempts are being made by these local enthusiasts to revive (复苏) the language. After many years of action; Ulum Dalska has recently been successful in convincing the local authorities to start up an Elfdalian-speaking group at the local preschool. This means that, for the first time in history, Elfdalian has made its official entry into the Swedish schooling system.
    On the whole, more and more people seem to be convinced of the preciousness of Elfdalian and the need to preserve it for future generations. And in a globalizing world, the right attitude is perhaps the most important step towards a full language recovery.
    41. Why did the author go to the town of Alvdalen?
    A. To pay a visit to some friends. B. To tour a forest-covered valley.
    C. To discover a remote Swedish forest. D. To explore a unique ancient language.
    42. Which of the following best explains “baffling” underlined in Paragraph 2?
    A. Out of date. B. Easy to learn.
    C. Convenient to spread. D. Beyond the comprehension.
    43. What contributed to Elfdalian’s role as an active language before the 20th century?
    A. The huge Elfdalian-speaking population.
    B The self-sufficient economy among the locals.
    C. The natives’ refusal to accept other languages.
    D. The high economic status of Elfdalian-speaking areas.
    44. What do we know about Ulum Dalska?
    A. It aims to protect Elfdalian. B. It is financed by the government.
    C. It was initiated by language experts. D. It tries to reform the teaching philosophy.
    45. What can be a suitable title for the text?
    A. An encounter with some language activists in Alvdalen
    B. Social development determines language evolution
    C. Elfdalian, an old tongue, set to come to life
    D. Globalization is an unavoidable trend
    C
    It’s no secret that spring is now starting earlier, but exactly how, why and where this is happening are much more complex questions. Using 50 years’ observations of some insects, like aphids, moths and butterflies, as well as birds in the UK, a group of researchers, led by Dr James Bell of the Rothamsted Insect Survey, has tried to answer some of these questions.
    On the one hand, the results confirm current understanding. They reveal that aphids, moths and butterflies are now flying much earlier than in the mid-20th century and that birds are laying eggs earlier. However, this early awakening isn’t uniform across species and the degree of change varies depending on the location and habitat. As a result, the researchers have waned that wildlife may fail to match the life cycles of other species that they rely on for food.
    Some of this variation is related to differences in the species themselves—moths, which turn from caterpillars to flying adults early in the year, seem to be more responsive to climate change than those which change later. In other cases, the geographical location is key. Spring activity generally occurs later in the north of the country, though the specifics vary from species to species.
    In addition, the study also finds that woodland habitats, which are thought to offer animals a more stable climate, and which researchers hoped might present a “buffer (缓冲)” to climate change, did not appear to do so. It is this finding in particular that concerns scientists. “We should have seen some sort of buffer offered by the woodland that would protect wildlife against the advances of temperature, but actually we didn’t see that,” explains Dr Bell. “We have to guess that even though woodlands have stable micro-climates, they too are advancing at the same rate. Though the researchers will carry out further research to establish exactly why this is the case, the all-along outcome is very clear: all species are now at greater risk than previously thought.”
    46. What did the researchers try to answer in their study?
    A. Which species can sense spring very early?
    B. Is spring coming much earlier now?
    C. What is the detailed information about early spring?
    D. What is people’s common understanding of early spring?
    47. According to the researchers, what might be the result of early awakening?
    A. The increased chance of insects being eaten.
    B. The change in some birds’ egg-laying habits.
    C. The loss of some species’ natural habitat.
    D. The break in some wildlife’s food chain
    48. In Paragraph 3, the author mainly talks about__________.
    A. the reasons for some species’ early awakening
    B. some species’ responses to climate change
    C. the influences brought by early spring
    D. the distribution of species in the UK
    49. What do we know about the woodland habitats?
    A. They’ve failed to work as expected.
    B. They’re now in quite severe conditions.
    C. They’ve been less affected by climate change.
    D. They’re widely distributed throughout the UK.
    50. What does Dr Bell think of the result of their research?
    A. Desired. B. Worrying. C. Beneficial. D. Encouraging.
    D
    Three years ago, at my class’s white coat ceremony during the first week of medical school, the photographer told us to smile and yell “Tuition-free!” rather than “Cheese!” We were horrified. The idea of tuition-free medical school seemed imaginative at that time and thoroughly inconsiderate on the first semester’s fourth day when most students borrowed money from the bank to pay for the tuition. The following week, the photographer issued an apology.
    At yesterday’s white coat ceremony for its class of 2022, New York University School of Medicine announced it would cover tuition for all its medical students, regardless of their financial situation. The announcement(which I certainly wouldn’t have minded coming three years earlier) isn’t just great news for NYU medical students. It could greatly ease the approaching doctor shortage in the United States.
    Tuition alone for four years of medical school has increased up to fourfold in the past three decades. It now averages $125,000 for public schools and $212,000 for private ones. The American Association of Medical Colleges(AAMC)estimates that more than 8 in 10 graduating students bear a debt burden of over $100,000, with an average debt of $192,000. That’s a major challenge for qualified premedical students considering a medical degree. Tuition and its debt burden may be a factor contributing to the estimated shortage of up to 120,000 physicians in the United States by 2030.
    The educational debt in medical schools can even affect practicing physicians on a personal level according to a survey. The 48 percent of students graduating with greater than $200.000 in debt are 1.7 times more likely to experience symptoms of burnout. To the extent that burnout leads to depression and early retirement, as well as increased medical error rates and poorer patient care.
    The decision’ made by NYU to provide free tuition for all of its students may cause ripples among other medical schools. But based on the findings, the New York University’s move will be sure to do good to physicians which in turn will provide a bonus for patients. And these profits would be vastly compounded(加深)if other schools follow suit.
    51. What did the photographer apologize for?
    A. Failing to make us smile. B. Joking about students’ tuition.
    C. Yelling aloud at the ceremony. D. Making the photos too imaginative.
    52. The NYU School of Medicine made the announcement to__________.
    A. admit more students to its class of 2022
    B. analyze the students’ psychological problems
    C. handle the coming doctor shortage in America
    D. reduce medical students’ financial burden of schooling
    53. The writer develops the third paragraph by__________.
    A. providing data B. making comparisons
    C. recalling a story D. introducing quotes
    54. What is Paragraph 4 mainly about?
    A. The way to choose a career in health care.
    B. The characteristics of medical school students.
    C. The influence of high tuition fees on practicing physicians.
    D. The relationship between medical error rates and doctors’ early retirement.
    55. What does the author think of NYU School of Medicine’s decision?
    A. It is controversial among the public.
    B. It is beneficial to both doctors and patients.
    C. It drives other medical schools to follow suit.
    D. It contributes to harmonious relationships between physicians and patients.
    第II卷(非选择题,共35分)
    第三部分:写作
    第一节:阅读表达(共5小题;每小题2分,满分10分)
    阅读短文,并按照题目要求用英语回答问题。
    The number 261 is Kathrine’s bib (号码布) number from the 1967 Boston Marathon. She protected that bib while an angry race director attacked her in the second mile and tried to tear the numbers off her shirt. He was angry that a woman had entered his race, declaring that it was a men’s only event.
    Even though she was terrified and humiliated (羞辱), Kathrine got away from the official. Thanks to help from her teammates, she went on to finish the rest of the race, and was so determined that she said she’d finish on her hands and knees if she had to. The bib number 261 stayed proudly on her front and back though the official did tear off the top right corner!
    Kathrine continued her running career, completed 39 marathons and won the New York City Marathon in 1974. She ran her personal best in 1975, finishing second in Boston (2:51:37). She then put her energies into creating the Avon International Running Circuit of women’s only races in 27 countries with over a million people participating in it from 1978 to the present time. It was this series of events, which showed global participation and performances, that largely convinced the IOC (国际奥委会) to include a women’s marathon in the 1984 Olympic Games.
    Women from around the world have been wearing the number 261 on their bibs because it makes them feel fearless in the face of adversity, whether it is a tough marathon, a difficult business presentation, or the hard situations of life.
    As she prepared for the 50th anniversary of the famed Boston Marathon run, Kathrine through the urging of many women around the world (and again, help from her teammates) created 261 Fearless, a global network for women around the world to connect, support and inspire one another through running. As Kathrine says, “Running will wonderfully change your life. We invite you to join our fearless community!”
    56. Why did the race director attack Kathrine?(no more than 10 words)
    57. What did the Kathrine do after getting away from the official?(no more than 10 words)
    58 What’s the main idea of Paragraph 3?(no more than 15 words)
    59. What does the underlined word “adversity” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?(1 word)
    60. How do you find Kathrine? Why?(no more than 20 words)
    第二节:书面表达(满分25分)
    61. 假如你是晨光中学学生李津,下个月即将参加你校举办的英语演讲比赛。得知你的美国朋友Chris参加了国际中学生演讲比赛,并荣获一等奖,请你给他写封信。内容要点如下:
    1. 表示祝贺;
    2. 讨教参赛经验;
    3. 请他给你的演讲稿提出建议。
    注意:1. 词数不少于100;
    2. 可适当加入细节,以使内容充实,行文连贯;
    3. 补全开头结尾,书信格式正确。
    参考词汇 演讲比赛 speech contest
    听力答案:
    试卷A
    1.B 2.C 3.A 4.A 5.B 6.C 7.C 8.B 9.C 10.A 11.C 12.C 13.A 14.B 15.A
    试卷B
    1.A 2.B 3.B 4.A 5.C 6.A 7.A 8.B 9.C 10.A 11.B 12.A 13.C 14.C 15.B

    2021-2022-2天津一中高三年级第四次月考
    英语试卷
    本试卷分为第Ⅰ卷(选择题)、和第Ⅱ卷(非选择题)两部分,共130分,考试用时100分钟。考生务必将答案填写在答题卡上,答在试卷上的无效。考试结束后,将答题卡交回。
    第Ⅰ卷(选择题,共95分)
    第一部分英语知识运用(共两节,满分45分)
    第一节单项填空(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)
    从A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
    1. —Ann, our department has just been named the Department of the Year because of the outstanding sales.
    —________.
    A. Good to know B. I’ll say
    C. I hear you on that one D. Can’t argue with that
    【1题答案】
    【答案】A
    【解析】
    【详解】考查交际用语。句意:——安,我们部门刚刚因为出色的销售业绩被评为年度最佳部门。——知道这个真是太好了。A.Good to know知道这个真是太好了;B.I’ll say非常同意;C.I hear you on that one我明白你的意思;D.Can’t argue with that这点毋庸置疑。由上文的“our department has just been named the Department of the Year because of the outstanding sales”可知,第一个人告诉第二个人一个好消息,第二个人应说“知道这个真是太好了”,故选A。
    2. The experience in Paris gave the young musician a unique________ into the influence of music on children, so he founded a school to teach children to play the piano.
    A. privilege B. liberty C. insight D. emergency
    【2题答案】
    【答案】C
    【解析】
    【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意:在巴黎的经历让这位年轻的音乐家对音乐对儿童的影响有了独特的见解,所以他创办了一所学校教孩子们弹钢琴。A. privilege特权;B. liberty自由;C. insight洞察力,见解;D. emergency紧急情况。根据“the influence of music on children”可知,此处表示这位年轻的音乐家对音乐对儿童的影响有了独特的见解。故选C。
    3. The final score of the basketball match was 93-94. We were only ________ beaten.
    A. nearly B. slightly C. narrowly D. lightly
    【3题答案】
    【答案】C
    【解析】
    【详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意:这场篮球赛的最后比分是93-94。我们几乎以微弱的差距败北。A. nearly几乎,差不多; B. slightly轻微地,稍微; C. narrowly勉强地,以毫厘之差; D. lightly轻柔地,轻轻地。根据上文的“93-94”可知,此处是指几乎以毫厘之差败北。故选C。
    4. People are fond of the girl’s fashion design________ the style of modern clothes with that of traditional Hanfu.
    A. mixing B. to mix C. mixed D. having mixed
    【4题答案】
    【答案】A
    【解析】
    【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:人们喜欢这个女孩将现代服装风格与传统汉服风格相结合的时尚设计。分析句子结构可知,已有谓语动词are fond of,空处需填非谓语动词作后置定语,design和mix为逻辑主谓关系,需用现在分词形式。故选A。
    5. When receiving the letter last night, I didn’t notice what________ on the back of the letter.
    A. marked B. has marked C. has been marked D. was marked
    【5题答案】
    【答案】D
    【解析】
    【详解】考查动词时态语态。句意:昨晚收到信的时候,我没有注意到信的背面有什么标识。what和mark为被动关系,需用被动语态,排除A项和B项;结合“didn’t notice”可知,此处陈述过去发生的事情,使用一般过去时。故选D。
    6. The restaurant has changed its service and some of its dishes________ the complaints from the customers.
    A. in response to B. in return for C. in respect of D. in exchange for
    【6题答案】
    【答案】A
    【解析】
    【详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意:为了回应顾客投诉,这家餐厅已经改变了服务和一些菜品。A.in response to为了回应;B.in return for作为……的报答;C.in respect of关于,涉及;D.in exchange for以换取。由“The restaurant has changed its service and some of its dishes”可知,句子表示“为了回应顾客的投诉,这家餐厅已经改变了服务和一些菜品”,空格处意为“为了回应”,故选A。
    7. Nothing taught by others can have the same effect on you as________ learned by yourself.
    A. one B. that C. those D. this
    【7题答案】
    【答案】B
    【解析】
    【详解】考查代词词义辨析。句意:别人教给你的任何东西对你的影响都比不上你自己学到的东西。A. one一个人,表示泛指;B. that那个,特指,代替与前面同类的不同物的单数名词或者不可数名词以及代词;C. those那些,特指,代替与前面同类的不同物的复数名词;D. this这个。此处指代nothing,上文nothing的修饰词是“taught by others ”,此处nothing的修饰词是“learned by yourself”,同类不同物。故选B。
    8. The power supply in this city has been completely________, causing a factories to stop their production.
    A. knocked down B. knocked out C. broken up D. broken away
    【8题答案】
    【答案】B
    【解析】
    【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意:这个城市的电力供应完全瘫痪了,一家工厂停止了生产。A. knocked down撞到;B. knocked out使瘫痪;C. broken up打碎,破碎;D. broken away脱离。根据“a factories to stop their production”可推知,电力供应全瘫痪了。故选B项。
    9. All the issues we were concerned about were settled, but we thought the result was________ ideal.
    A. other than B. aside from C. rather than D. far from
    【9题答案】
    【答案】D
    【解析】
    【详解】考查固定短语辨析。句意:所有我们关心的问题都解决了,但我们认为结果还很不理想。A. other than除了;B. aside from;C. rather than而不是;D. far from除……之外;D. far from远非,远远不是。根据“All the issues we were concerned about were settled”和“but”可知,此处表示认为结果还是很不理想。故选D。
    10. Hello! This is Li Hua. I’m calling to put off the appointment I________ with Dr, Li until next Wednesday.
    A. will make B. had made C. have made D. would make
    【10题答案】
    【答案】C
    【解析】
    【详解】考查动词时态。句意:你好!这是李华。我打电话来是想把我和李医生的约会推迟到下周三。根据语境以及“until next Wednesday”可推断,此处表示过去发生的事情对现在产生影响,约会已经预订下来,现在要推迟,故使用现在完成时。故选C。
    11. Topics of conversations should be ______ to the experiences and interests of the students.
    Otherwise, they won’t be interested.
    A. sensitive B. allergic C. familiar D. relevant
    【11题答案】
    【答案】D
    【解析】
    【分析】
    【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意:交谈的话题应该是与学生的经历和兴趣相关。否则,他们不会感兴趣。A.sensitive敏感的;B.allergic过敏的;厌恶的;fC.amiliar熟悉的;D.relevant与……有关。根据下文“否则,他们不会感兴趣”可知,话题应该与学生的经历和兴趣有关,故选D。
    【点睛】
    12. I like sports and prefer those________ players need to work as a team instead of competing against each other.
    A. when B. that C. where D. who
    【12题答案】
    【答案】C
    【解析】
    【详解】考查定语从句。句意:我喜欢体育运动,更喜欢那些需要运动员团队合作而不是相互竞争的运动。分析句子可知,此句为定语从句,先行词为those(sports),在从句中作地点状语,故用关系副词where,故选C。
    13. I wonder why we________ eat out all the time when we can cook our own meals at home.
    A. may B. would C. should D. must
    【13题答案】
    【答案】D
    【解析】
    【详解】考查情态动词。句意:既然我们很容易的在家烧饭,为什么偏要外去吃呢?A.may 可能;B.would 将要;C.should 应该;D.must 偏偏,。分析句子可知,既然我们很容易的在家烧饭,为什么偏要外去吃呢,故选D。
    14. ________Earth is the only planet known to support life, humans’ adaptability will surely allow us to live on other planets.
    A. While B. Since C. Until D. Unless
    【14题答案】
    【答案】A
    【解析】
    【详解】考查连词词义辨析。句意:虽然地球是已知的唯一支持生命的行星,但人类的适应性肯定会让我们生活在其他行星上。A. While虽然;B. Since自从,因为;C. Until直到;D. Unless除非。结合句意,此处用while“虽然”引导让步状语从句符合语境。故选A。
    15. It’s unclear________ the tiny computer will be released, but it will come onto the market sooner or later.
    A. when B. what C. how D. whether
    【15题答案】
    【答案】A
    【解析】
    【详解】考查主语从句。句意:目前还不清楚这种微型电脑何时会上市,但它迟早会进入市场。分析句子结构可知,it为形式主语,空处引导主语从句,结合“sooner or later.”可知,从句缺少时间状语,需用连接副词when引导。故选A。
    第二节完形填空(共20小题;每小题1.5分,满分30分)
    阅读下面短文,掌握其大意,然后从16-35各题所给的四个选项A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。
    One day, a dog got herself left in the cold waters of New York’s East River. At this time, Gabe Castellanos, a college student came and ___16___ her at the cost of abandoning his own birthday party.
    The ___17___ took place last week in Brooklyn when Harper, the dog, was out on a ___18___ with her pet sitter. ___19___ they were walking down the street, the pet sitter was suddenly hit by a taxi that had run through a stop sign. Though the pet sitter only had minor injuries, Harper ___20___ in a panic and fell into the river.
    Meanwhile, Castellanos had been ___21___ his birthday with some friends on the Brooklyn barge (大型平底船)when they saw the dog in the water. The group at first ___22___ that the dog could swim and then go to the pier (码头); ___23___, the dog swam farther and farther away from the pier. Castellanos noticed Harper was quickly losing ___24___ and he knew that he had to do something. Luckily, Castellanos graduated from the SUNY Maritime (海事的)College. Using his maritime experience, Castellanos took a lifejacket, and ____25____ into the water.
    With scores of pedestrians ____26____ on him from the shore, Castellanos ____27____ to swim to Harper. It was a bit ____28____ because when Harper caught sight of Castellanos ____29____ towards her, she started to swim away. With much effort, Castellanos ____30____ her and started pulling her back towards land. ____31____, Harper was reunited with her ____32____ pet sitter.
    Castellanos told reporters that he is a lover of ____33____. Seeing the dog was almost drowning, he had deep sympathy for her and he thought he had done a right thing. Harper’s owner said she was ____34____ for Castellanos’s actions and she said she would like to throw him another birthday party to ____35____ for his last one.
    16. A. fed B. rescued C. trained D. kept
    17. A. interview B. attack C. incident D. celebration
    18 A. walk B. bus C. road D. flight
    19. A. Because B. Since C. Till D. As
    20. A. got down B. broke out C. took off D. stood up
    21. A. recalling B. preparing C. planning D. observing
    22. A. indicated B. assumed C. doubted D. imagined
    23. A. therefore B. otherwise C. however D. though
    24. A. steam B. goals C. weight D. missions
    25. A. moved B. looked C. jumped D. marched
    26. A. cheering B. depending C. cheating D. calling
    27. A. agreed B. needed C. hesitated D. managed
    28. A. dangerous B. easy C. rewarding D. challenging
    29. A. running B. shouting C. heading D. flying
    30. A. took notice of B. caught up with C. kept pace with D. ran away from
    31. A. Normally B. Suddenly C. Surprisingly D. Eventually
    32. A. anxious B. careless C. ridiculous D. miserable
    33. A. nature B. animals C. arts D. peace
    34. A. selfless B. grateful C. helpful D. sleepless
    35. A. compensate B. advertise C. account D. fight
    【16~35题答案】
    【答案】16. B 17. C 18. A 19. D 20. C 21. D 22. B 23. C 24. A 25. C 26. A 27. D 28. D 29. C 30. B 31. D 32. A 33. B 34. B 35. A
    【解析】
    【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了大学生Gabe Castellanos以放弃自己生日派对为代价救了落水的狗狗Harper的故事。
    【16题详解】
    考查动词词义辨析。句意:这时,一个名叫Gabe Castellanos的大学生来了,他以放弃自己的生日派对为代价救了她。A. fed喂养;B. rescued营救;C. trained训练;D. kept保持。根据下文“Using his maritime experience, Castellanos took a lifejacket, and ___10___ into the water.”可知,Gabe Castellanos跳下水救了小狗。故选B。
    【17题详解】
    考查名词词义辨析。句意:这件事发生在上周的布鲁克林,当时狗狗Harper和她的宠物保姆在散步。A. interview采访;B. attack袭击;C. incident事件,事情;D. celebration庆祝。结合下文内容可知,此处是指狗狗落水并被Gabe Castellanos救起来的事情。故选C。
    【18题详解】
    考查名词词义辨析。句意:这件事发生在上周的布鲁克林,当时狗狗Harper和她的宠物保姆在散步。A. walk散步;B. bus公交车;C. road路;D. flight飞行,航班。根据“hey were walking down the street”可知,当时宠物保姆正带着Harper散布。故选A。
    19题详解】
    考查连词词义辨析。句意:当他们走在街上时,宠物保姆突然被一辆闯过停车标志的出租车撞倒。A. Because因为;B. Since自从;C. Till直到;D. As因为,当......时候。结合语境可知,此处指当他们正在散布时,一辆车突然把宠物保姆撞到,用as引导时间状语从句符合。故选D。
    【20题详解】
    考查动词短语辨析。句意:虽然宠物保姆只受了轻伤,但Harper惊慌失措地跳了起来,掉进了河里。A. got down开始,着手;B. broke out爆发;C. took off起飞,腾飞,脱下;D. stood up站起来。根据“in a panic and fell into the river.”推知,Harper被吓得跳起来,用take off符合语境。故选C。
    【21题详解】
    考查动词词义辨析。句意:与此同时,Castellanos和一些朋友在布鲁克林驳船上庆祝他的生日时,他们看到了水中的狗。A. recalling回忆;B. preparing准备;C. planning计划;D. observing观察,庆祝。根据“his birthday”可知,此处指Castellanos和朋友们正在庆祝生日。故选D。
    【22题详解】
    考查动词词义辨析。句意:这群人起初以为狗会游泳,然后游到码头。A. indicated暗示,表明;B. assumed假设,认为;C. doubted怀疑;D. imagined想象。根据下文“the dog swam farther and farther away from the pier.”推知,这群人起初认为狗狗会自己游回码头。故选B。
    【23题详解】
    考查副词词义辨析。句意:然而,狗狗游得离码头越来越远。A. therefore因此;B. otherwise否则;C. however然而;D. though然而,不过。结合上下文可知,此处与上文形成转折关系,应用however连接;虽然though也有“然而”的意思,但通常位于句末。故选C。
    【24题详解】
    考查名词词义辨析。句意:Castellanos注意到Harper很快没了力气,他知道他必须做点什么。A. steam蒸汽,力量;B. goals目标;C. weight重量;D. missions任务。根据“he knew that he had to do something.”推知,Castellanos看出Harper已经没有继续游的力量。故选A。
    【25题详解】
    考查动词词义辨析。句意:凭着航海经验,Castellanos穿上了救生衣,跳进了水里。A. moved移动,感动;B. looked看;C. jumped跳;D. marched前进,行军。根据上文“he knew that he had to do something.”可知,Castellanos打算救Harper,因此他穿上救生衣跳进水里。故选C。
    【26题详解】
    考查动词词义辨析。句意:Castellanos设法游向Harper,岸上有几十名行人在为他加油。A. cheering使……振奋,欢呼,加油;B. depending依靠;C. cheating欺骗;D. calling大叫,叫做,打电话。结合常识可知,Castellanos是在做好事,因此路人都为他加油。故选A。
    【27题详解】
    考查动词词义辨析。句意:Castellanos设法游向Harper,岸上有几十名行人在为他加油。A. agreed同意;B. needed需要;C. hesitated犹豫,迟疑;D. managed管理,设法。根据“With much effort, Castellanos ___15___ her and started pulling her back towards land.”可知,Castellanos设法成功游到了Harper附近。故选D。
    【28题详解】
    考查形容词词义辨析。句意:这有点挑战性,因为当Harper看到Castellanos朝她游来时,她开始游走。A. dangerous危险的;B. easy简单的;C. rewarding值得的,有回报的;D. challenging具有挑战的。根据“she started to swim away”可知,救Harper是有挑战的,因为Harper看到Castellanos时,却游走了。故选D。
    【29题详解】
    考查动词词义辨析。句意:这有点挑战性,因为当Harper看到Castellanos朝她游来时,她开始游走。A. running跑,管理;B. shouting大叫;C. heading朝……前进;D. flying飞行。结合常识可知,Castellanos要救Harper当然是朝她游过去。故选C。
    【30题详解】
    考查动词短语辨析。句意:Castellanos费了很大力气追上了她,开始把她拉回陆地。A. took notice of注意到;B. caught up with追上;C. kept pace with不落后;D. ran away from逃离,从……逃跑。根据上文“she started to swim away”可知,Harper游走了,要救她Castellanos必须追上她。故选B。
    【31题详解】
    考查副词词义辨析。句意:Harper终于和她焦急的宠物保姆团聚了。A. Normally正常地;B. Suddenly突然;C. Surprisingly令人吃惊地;D. Eventually最终。根据故事发展线索可知,此处指Harper终于被Castellanos救回了岸上。故选D。
    【32题详解】
    考查形容词词义辨析。句意:Harper终于和她焦急的宠物保姆团聚了。A. anxious焦虑的;B. careless粗心的;C. ridiculous荒谬的;D. miserable痛苦的。结合常识可知,狗狗落入海里,宠物保姆肯定非常焦急。故选A。
    【33题详解】
    考查名词词义辨析。句意:Castellanos告诉记者他喜欢动物。A. nature自然;B. animals动物;C. arts艺术;D. peace和平。根据下文“Seeing the dog was almost drowning, he had deep sympathy for her and he thought he had done a right thing.”推知,Castellanos喜爱动物。故选B。
    【34题详解】
    考查形容词词义辨析。句意:Harper的主人说,她很感激Castellanos的行为,她说她想再为他办一次生日派对,以补偿他上次的生日。A. selfless无私的;B. grateful感激的;C. helpful有帮助的;D. sleepless失眠的。结合常识可知,对于Castellanos救狗狗Harper的行为,她的主人当然会感激。故选B。
    【35题详解】
    考查动词词义辨析。句意:Harper的主人说,她很感激Castellanos的行为,她说她想再为他办一次生日派对,以补偿他上次的生日。A. compensate赔偿,补偿;B. advertise打广告;C. account解释,占;D. fight打架。根据“she would like to throw him another birthday party”可知,Harper的主人为Castellanos举办生日派对是为了补偿上次的生日。故选A。
    第二部分阅读理解(共20小题:每小题2.5分,满分50分)
    阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。
    A
    Gymnastics Instructor Wanted
    About us
    PCYC (Police Citizens Youth Club) Queensland is a not-for-profit organization established in 1948, aiming to build safer and healthier communities. We focus on young people’s personal and leadership development by offering state-wide programs, services and facilities through 54 branches, two leadership development centers and two activity centers.
    About the position
    PCYC Burdekin currently wants gymnastics instructors, who will assist in the development and delivery of the gymnastics programs to PCYC clients.
    •Casual work (approximately 20 30 hours per week)
    •$28.38-$31.80 per hour (depending on previous experience and qualification—junior rate may apply)
    •To be employed, you must be qualified to get a Working with Children Check or Blue Card and be willing to undertake a National Police Check.
    •Applicants with intermediate accreditation (认证) from Gymnastics Queensland will be considered with priority.
    What we can offer
    •Free onsite parking and free access to PC 24/7 gyms
    •Flexible work environment and working hours
    •Opportunity to work in an established branch with a great team
    Key responsibilities include
    •Deliver a broad range of fun group gymnastics programs for all ages, in accordance with safety and industry-approved practice requirements.
    •Contribute towards creative marketing and promotion of the gymnastics programs to maintain current participants and attract new participants.
    •Ensure our gymnastics equipment is maintained and used in a safe manner.
    •Instruct and assist the work of junior coaching staff.
    Deadline
    Applications close on 8 September, 2022. Interested? Click here to apply.
    36. What is PCYC Queensland’s goal?
    A. To provide the youth with advice on personal emotions.
    B. To make a fortune through state-wide programs.
    C. To build more branches outside Queensland.
    D. To improve community security and health.
    37. How much can a gymnastics instructor in PCYC Burdekin earn in a week?
    A $100-$300. B. $330-$530. C. $560-$960. D. $990-$1390.
    38. What should you do to increase your chance of being employed by PCYC Burdekin?
    A. Express the desire to work for National Police Agency.
    B. Show the intermediate gymnastics qualification.
    C. Present the experiences in dealing with children.
    D. Explain the urgent need for a full-time job.
    39. If hired, a gymnastics instructor will be responsible for_________.
    A. seeking junior coaches to build a team
    B. seleoting suitable equipment for teenagers
    C. helping advertise the gymnastics programs
    D. designing new gymnastics programs independently
    40. Where does this text probably come from?
    A. A Queensland’s local paper. B. A job-hunting mobile app.
    C. A popular science website. D. A notice-board in a gym.
    【36~40题答案】
    【答案】36. D 37. C 38. B 39. C 40. B
    【解析】
    【导语】本文是一篇应用文,主要讲的是关于招聘体操教练的一些相关信息,包括招聘机构的简介、工作岗位的介绍、工作时间、薪资、应聘要求以及工作职责等。
    【36题详解】
    推理判断题。根据About us部分的“PCYC (Police Citizens Youth Club) Queensland is a not-for-profit organization established in 1948, aiming to build safer and healthier communities.(昆士兰PCYC成立于1948年,是一个非营利性组织,旨在建立更安全、更健康的社区。)”可知,昆士兰PCYC的目标是改善社区安全和健康。故选D。
    【37题详解】
    细节理解题。根据About the position部分的“•Casual work (approximately 20 30 hours per week)•$28.38-$31.80 per hour(•临时工作(每周大约20--30小时)•每小时28.38--31.80美元)”可知,PCYC Burdekin的体操教练一周能挣的钱是$28.38*20--$31.80*30,即$567.6——$954,最接近的答案是$560-$960,故选C。
    【38题详解】
    细节理解题。根据About the position部分的“•Applicants with intermediate accreditation (认证) from Gymnastics Queensland will be considered with priority.(•获得昆士兰体操协会中级认证的申请人将优先考虑。)”可知,展示中级体操资格来增加被PCYC Burdekin雇用的机会。故选B。
    【39题详解】
    细节理解题。根据Key responsibilities include部分的“•Contribute towards creative marketing and promotion of the gymnastics programs to maintain current participants and attract new participants.(•负责体操项目的创意营销和推广,以保持现有学员并吸引新学员。)”可知,如果被聘用,将由一名体操教练负责帮助宣传体操项目,故选C。
    【40题详解】
    推理判断题。根据Deadline部分的“Applications close on 8 September, 2022. Interested? Click here to apply.(申请截止日期为2022年9月8日。感兴趣吗?点击这里申请。)”可知,这是一篇招聘广告,能点击申请,说明这是网上的,因此本文可能来自于一个求职手机应用程序。故选B。
    B
    When I visited the remote Swedish town. of Alvdalen, I was immediately struck by the forest-covered valley in which it is situated. I was set to meet the last speakers of Elfdalian. The language is currently used only by about 2,500 people, but it has preserved language features that are to be found nowhere else in Scandinavia.
    Elfdalian is unique among Nordic (北欧人的) languages, with different tones and sounds. Even the grammar and vocabulary are unlike Swedish. So, while speakers of Swedish, Norwegian, and Danish are able to have simple conversations and understand each other, it is not so with Elfdalian. While Elfdalian originated from the same region as Swedish, it is completely baffling to non-local people.
    For centuries, it was unnecessary for the majority of the native Elfdalian-speaking population to learn standard Swedish or other languages, as most trade and economio networks occurred within local areas. Elfdalian remained an active language until the 20th century.
    However, with increased mobility and the arrival of mass media, speakers of Elfdalian shifted to Swedish. At present, only half of the residents of Alvdalen speak it, and of the youngest generation, only about 60 children under the age of 15 are fluent in it.
    During my visit, I was lucky to be introduced to a group of language activists united under the name Ulum Dalska. Attempts are being made by these local enthusiasts to revive (复苏) the language. After many years of action; Ulum Dalska has recently been successful in convincing the local authorities to start up an Elfdalian-speaking group at the local preschool. This means that, for the first time in history, Elfdalian has made its official entry into the Swedish schooling system.
    On the whole, more and more people seem to be convinced of the preciousness of Elfdalian and the need to preserve it for future generations. And in a globalizing world, the right attitude is perhaps the most important step towards a full language recovery.
    41. Why did the author go to the town of Alvdalen?
    A. To pay a visit to some friends. B. To tour a forest-covered valley.
    C. To discover a remote Swedish forest. D. To explore a unique ancient language.
    42. Which of the following best explains “baffling” underlined in Paragraph 2?
    A. Out of date. B. Easy to learn.
    C. Convenient to spread. D. Beyond the comprehension.
    43. What contributed to Elfdalian’s role as an active language before the 20th century?
    A. The huge Elfdalian-speaking population.
    B. The self-sufficient economy among the locals.
    C. The natives’ refusal to accept other languages.
    D. The high economic status of Elfdalian-speaking areas.
    44. What do we know about Ulum Dalska?
    A. It aims to protect Elfdalian. B. It is financed by the government.
    C. It was initiated by language experts. D. It tries to reform the teaching philosophy.
    45. What can be a suitable title for the text?
    A. An encounter with some language activists in Alvdalen
    B. Social development determines language evolution
    C. Elfdalian, an old tongue, set to come to life
    D. Globalization is an unavoidable trend
    【41~45题答案】
    【答案】41. D 42. D 43. B 44. A 45. C
    【解析】
    【导语】本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍的是Elfdalian这种语言现在已经很少人使用,但是当地一些人士正在试图复兴这种语言。
    【41题详解】
    推理判断题。根据一段的“I was set to meet the last speakers of Elfdalian. The language is currently used only by about 2,500 people, but it has preserved language features that are to be found nowhere else in Scandinavia.(我要去见最后几位说Elfdalian的人。该语言目前只有大约2500人使用,但它保留了斯堪的纳维亚半岛其他地方所没有的语言特征。)”可知,作者要去Alvdalen镇是为了去探索一种独特的古代语言。故选D。
    【42题详解】
    词句猜测题。根据第二段的“Elfdalian is unique among Nordic (北欧人的) languages, with different tones and sounds. Even the grammar and vocabulary are unlike Swedish. So, while speakers of Swedish, Norwegian, and Danish are able to have simple conversations and understand each other, it is not so with Elfdalian.(Elfdalian在北欧语言中是独一无二的,有不同的音调和声音。甚至语法和词汇也不像瑞典语。所以,虽然说瑞典语、挪威语和丹麦语的人能够进行简单的对话并相互理解,但对精灵语来说就不是这样了。)”可知,虽然Elfdalian这种语言和瑞典语起源于同一个地区,但外地人是听不懂的,划线词baffling的意思是“理解不了”,和“Beyond the comprehension”意思相近,故选D。
    【43题详解】
    细节理解题。根据第三段的“For centuries, it was unnecessary for the majority of the native Elfdalian-speaking population to learn standard Swedish or other languages, as most trade and economio networks occurred within local areas.(几个世纪以来,大多数说埃尔夫达语的当地人都没有必要学习标准瑞典语或其他语言,因为大多数贸易和经济网络都发生在当地地区。)”可知,使Elfdalian在20世纪之前成为一种活跃的语言的原因是当地人自给自足的经济。故选B。
    【44题详解】
    细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的“During my visit, I was lucky to be introduced to a group of language activists united under the name Ulum Dalska. Attempts are being made by these local enthusiasts to revive the language.(在访问期间,我很幸运地被介绍给了一群名为Ulum Dalska的语言活动人士。这些当地的热心人士正试图复兴这种语言。)”可知,Ulum Dalska的目的是保护Elfdalian这种语言。故选A。
    【45题详解】
    主旨大意题。通读全文,尤其是倒数第二段的“Attempts are being made by these local enthusiasts to revive the language.(这些当地的热心人士正试图复兴这种语言。)”和最后一段的“On the whole, more and more people seem to be convinced of the preciousness of Elfdalian and the need to preserve it for future generations.(总的来说,越来越多的人似乎相信Elfdalian这种语言的珍贵,并认为有必要为子孙后代保存它。)”可知,本文主要讲的是Elfdalian这种语言现在已经很少人使用,但是当地一些人士正在试图复兴这种语言,因此最好的题目是C选项“Elfdalian, an old tongue, set to come to life(Elfdalian,一种古老的语言,即将复活)”,故选C。
    C
    It’s no secret that spring is now starting earlier, but exactly how, why and where this is happening are much more complex questions. Using 50 years’ observations of some insects, like aphids, moths and butterflies, as well as birds in the UK, a group of researchers, led by Dr James Bell of the Rothamsted Insect Survey, has tried to answer some of these questions.
    On the one hand, the results confirm current understanding. They reveal that aphids, moths and butterflies are now flying much earlier than in the mid-20th century and that birds are laying eggs earlier. However, this early awakening isn’t uniform across species and the degree of change varies depending on the location and habitat. As a result, the researchers have waned that wildlife may fail to match the life cycles of other species that they rely on for food.
    Some of this variation is related to differences in the species themselves—moths, which turn from caterpillars to flying adults early in the year, seem to be more responsive to climate change than those which change later. In other cases, the geographical location is key. Spring activity generally occurs later in the north of the country, though the specifics vary from species to species.
    In addition, the study also finds that woodland habitats, which are thought to offer animals a more stable climate, and which researchers hoped might present a “buffer (缓冲)” to climate change, did not appear to do so. It is this finding in particular that concerns scientists. “We should have seen some sort of buffer offered by the woodland that would protect wildlife against the advances of temperature, but actually we didn’t see that,” explains Dr Bell. “We have to guess that even though woodlands have stable micro-climates, they too are advancing at the same rate. Though the researchers will carry out further research to establish exactly why this is the case, the all-along outcome is very clear: all species are now at greater risk than previously thought.”
    46. What did the researchers try to answer in their study?
    A. Which species can sense spring very early?
    B. Is spring coming much earlier now?
    C. What is the detailed information about early spring?
    D. What is people’s common understanding of early spring?
    47. According to the researchers, what might be the result of early awakening?
    A. The increased chance of insects being eaten.
    B. The change in some birds’ egg-laying habits.
    C. The loss of some species’ natural habitat.
    D. The break in some wildlife’s food chain
    48. In Paragraph 3, the author mainly talks about__________.
    A. the reasons for some species’ early awakening
    B some species’ responses to climate change
    C. the influences brought by early spring
    D. the distribution of species in the UK
    49. What do we know about the woodland habitats?
    A. They’ve failed to work as expected.
    B. They’re now in quite severe conditions.
    C. They’ve been less affected by climate change.
    D. They’re widely distributed throughout the UK.
    50. What does Dr Bell think of the result of their research?
    A. Desired. B. Worrying. C. Beneficial. D. Encouraging.
    【46~50题答案】
    【答案】46. C 47. D 48. A 49. A 50. B
    【解析】
    【导语】本文是一篇说明文,主要讲的是动物早醒的坏处。
    【46题详解】
    细节理解题。根据第一段的“It’s no secret that spring is now starting earlier, but exactly how, why and where this is happening are much more complex questions. Using 50 years’ observations of some insects, like aphids, moths and butterflies, as well as birds in the UK, a group of researchers, led by Dr James Bell of the Rothamsted Insect Survey, has tried to answer some of these questions.(众所周知,春天开始得更早了,但究竟是如何、为什么以及在哪里发生的,则是更复杂的问题。在英国,通过对蚜虫、飞蛾、蝴蝶以及鸟类等昆虫50年的观察,由洛桑研究所昆虫调查小组的詹姆斯·贝尔博士领导的一组研究人员试图回答其中的一些问题。)”可知,研究人员在他们的研究中试图回答早春的详细信息是什么,故选C。
    【47题详解】
    细节理解题。根据第二段的“As a result, the researchers have waned that wildlife may fail to match the life cycles of other species that they rely on for food.(因此,研究人员逐渐意识到,野生动物可能无法跟上它们赖以为生的其他物种的生命周期。)”可知,根据研究人员的说法,早醒的结果可能是一些野生动物食物链的断裂,故选D。
    【48题详解】
    主旨大意题。根据第三段的“Some of this variation is related to differences in the species themselves—moths, which turn from caterpillars to flying adults early in the year, seem to be more responsive to climate change than those which change later. In other cases, the geographical location is key.(其中一些变化与物种本身的差异有关——蛾子在年初从毛虫转变为会飞的成虫,它们对气候变化的反应似乎比晚些时候更迅速。在其他情况下,地理位置是关键。)”可知,在第三段,作者主要谈论一些物种早醒的原因,故选A。
    【49题详解】
    细节理解题。根据最后一段的“In addition, the study also finds that woodland habitats, which are thought to offer animals a more stable climate, and which researchers hoped might present a “buffer ” to climate change, did not appear to do so.(此外,该研究还发现,被认为可以为动物提供更稳定气候的林地栖息地,以及研究人员希望能够为气候变化提供一个“缓冲”的地方,似乎并没有起到这样的作用。)”可知,林地栖息地没有像预期的那样起作用。故选A。
    【50题详解】
    推理判断题。根据最后一段的“the all-along outcome is very clear: all species are now at greater risk than previously thought(但所有的结果都非常清楚:所有物种现在都面临着比以前认为的更大的风险)”可知,贝尔博士认为他们的研究结果令人担心,故选B。
    D
    Three years ago, at my class’s white coat ceremony during the first week of medical school, the photographer told us to smile and yell “Tuition-free!” rather than “Cheese!” We were horrified. The idea of tuition-free medical school seemed imaginative at that time and thoroughly inconsiderate on the first semester’s fourth day when most students borrowed money from the bank to pay for the tuition. The following week, the photographer issued an apology.
    At yesterday’s white coat ceremony for its class of 2022, New York University School of Medicine announced it would cover tuition for all its medical students, regardless of their financial situation. The announcement(which I certainly wouldn’t have minded coming three years earlier) isn’t just great news for NYU medical students. It could greatly ease the approaching doctor shortage in the United States.
    Tuition alone for four years of medical school has increased up to fourfold in the past three decades. It now averages $125,000 for public schools and $212,000 for private ones. The American Association of Medical Colleges(AAMC)estimates that more than 8 in 10 graduating students bear a debt burden of over $100,000, with an average debt of $192,000. That’s a major challenge for qualified premedical students considering a medical degree. Tuition and its debt burden may be a factor contributing to the estimated shortage of up to 120,000 physicians in the United States by 2030.
    The educational debt in medical schools can even affect practicing physicians on a personal level according to a survey. The 48 percent of students graduating with greater than $200.000 in debt are 1.7 times more likely to experience symptoms of burnout. To the extent that burnout leads to depression and early retirement, as well as increased medical error rates and poorer patient care.
    The decision’ made by NYU to provide free tuition for all of its students may cause ripples among other medical schools. But based on the findings, the New York University’s move will be sure to do good to physicians which in turn will provide a bonus for patients. And these profits would be vastly compounded(加深)if other schools follow suit.
    51. What did the photographer apologize for?
    A. Failing to make us smile. B. Joking about students’ tuition.
    C. Yelling aloud at the ceremony. D. Making the photos too imaginative.
    52. The NYU School of Medicine made the announcement to__________.
    A. admit more students to its class of 2022
    B. analyze the students’ psychological problems
    C. handle the coming doctor shortage in America
    D. reduce medical students’ financial burden of schooling
    53. The writer develops the third paragraph by__________.
    A. providing data B. making comparisons
    C. recalling a story D. introducing quotes
    54. What is Paragraph 4 mainly about?
    A. The way to choose a career in health care.
    B. The characteristics of medical school students.
    C. The influence of high tuition fees on practicing physicians.
    D. The relationship between medical error rates and doctors’ early retirement.
    55. What does the author think of NYU School of Medicine’s decision?
    A. It is controversial among the public.
    B. It is beneficial to both doctors and patients.
    C. It drives other medical schools to follow suit.
    D. It contributes to harmonious relationships between physicians and patients.
    【51~55题答案】
    【答案】51. B 52. D 53. A 54. C 55. B
    【解析】
    【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了纽约大学医学院决定为所有医学生免除学费,这对医生和病人都有好处。
    【51题详解】
    推断判断题。根据第一段“The idea of tuition-free medical school seemed imaginative at that time and thoroughly inconsiderate on the first semester’s fourth day when most students borrowed money from the bank to pay for the tuition.( 免学费医学院的想法在当时似乎很有想象力,而且最初也完全没考虑他人感受:在第一学期的第四天,大多数学生从银行借钱来支付学费。)”可知,大多数学生都是借钱付学费,可以推断出摄影师这种行为伤害了学生的情感,所以他为对学生学费问题开玩笑而道歉。故选B。
    【52题详解】
    细节理解题。根据第二段“At yesterday’s white coat ceremony for its class of 2022, New York University School of Medicine announced it would cover tuition for all its medical students, regardless of their financial situation. (在昨天举行的2022届白大褂毕业典礼上,纽约大学医学院宣布,它将为所有医科学生支付学费,无论他们的经济状况如何。) ”可知,纽约大学医学院宣布要去减轻医科学生的学业经济负担。故选D。
    【53题详解】
    推理判断题。从第三段第一句“Tuition alone for four years of medical school has increased up to fourfold in the past three decades.(在过去的30年里,仅医学院四年的学费就增加了4倍。 )”以及下文的“$125,000”,“$212,000”,“$100,000”,“$192,000”和“120,000”这些数字,我们可以看到作者运用了很多具体的数据来说明医学生们的经济压力,所以可以推断作者是用提供数据的方式来写这一段的。故选A。
    【54题详解】
    主旨大意题。第四段第一句话“The educational debt in medical schools can even affect practicing physicians on a personal level according to a survey.( 一项调查显示,医学院的教育债务甚至会影响到个人层面的执业医生。)”就是这段话的主题句,结合下文的分析解释可知第四段主要讲了高学费对执业医师的影响。故选C。
    【55题详解】
    细节理解题。根据最后一段“But based on the findings, the New York University’s move will be sure to do good to physicians which in turn will provide a bonus for patients. (但根据这些发现,纽约大学的举动肯定会对医生有好处,而这反过来又会为患者带来好处。)”可知,作者认为纽约大学医学院的这个决定对医生和病人都有好处。故选B。
    第II卷(非选择题,共35分)
    第三部分:写作
    第一节:阅读表达(共5小题;每小题2分,满分10分)
    阅读短文,并按照题目要求用英语回答问题。
    The number 261 is Kathrine’s bib (号码布) number from the 1967 Boston Marathon. She protected that bib while an angry race director attacked her in the second mile and tried to tear the numbers off her shirt. He was angry that a woman had entered his race, declaring that it was a men’s only event.
    Even though she was terrified and humiliated (羞辱), Kathrine got away from the official. Thanks to help from her teammates, she went on to finish the rest of the race, and was so determined that she said she’d finish on her hands and knees if she had to. The bib number 261 stayed proudly on her front and back though the official did tear off the top right corner!
    Kathrine continued her running career, completed 39 marathons and won the New York City Marathon in 1974. She ran her personal best in 1975, finishing second in Boston (2:51:37). She then put her energies into creating the Avon International Running Circuit of women’s only races in 27 countries with over a million people participating in it from 1978 to the present time. It was this series of events, which showed global participation and performances, that largely convinced the IOC (国际奥委会) to include a women’s marathon in the 1984 Olympic Games.
    Women from around the world have been wearing the number 261 on their bibs because it makes them feel fearless in the face of adversity, whether it is a tough marathon, a difficult business presentation, or the hard situations of life.
    As she prepared for the 50th anniversary of the famed Boston Marathon run, Kathrine through the urging of many women around the world (and again, help from her teammates) created 261 Fearless, a global network for women around the world to connect, support and inspire one another through running. As Kathrine says, “Running will wonderfully change your life. We invite you to join our fearless community!”
    56. Why did the race director attack Kathrine?(no more than 10 words)
    57. What did the Kathrine do after getting away from the official?(no more than 10 words)
    58. What’s the main idea of Paragraph 3?(no more than 15 words)
    59. What does the underlined word “adversity” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?(1 word)
    60. How do you find Kathrine? Why?(no more than 20 words)
    【56~60题答案】
    【答案】56. He thought the race was only for men.
    Or: He thought Kathrine couldn’t enter the men’s race.
    Or: Because he was angry she had entered his race.
    57. She went on to finish the rest of the race.
    58. Kathrine’s efforts and achievements made women’s marathon into the Olympic Games in 1984.
    59. Difficulty./Obstacles./Troubles.
    60. She is brave and determined because she dared to fight for women’s rights in spite of challenges.
    【解析】
    【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了运动员Kathrine在争取女子马拉松长跑资格中所做出的努力和贡献。
    【56题详解】
    考查细节理解。根据文章第一段“He was angry that a woman had entered his race, declaring that it was a men’s only event.(他对一名女子加入他的比赛感到愤怒,宣称这是男子的唯一项目)”可知,比赛主管攻击凯瑟琳,因为他认为比赛只适合男人。故答案是:He thought the race was only for men. Or: He thought Kathrine couldn’t enter the men’s race. Or: Because he was angry she had entered his race.
    【57题详解】
    考查细节理解。根据文章第二段“Thanks to help from her teammates, she went on to finish the rest of the race(由于队友的帮助,她完成了剩下的比赛)”可知,她从官员身边跑开后,继续完成了剩下的比赛。故答案是:She went on to finish the rest of the race.
    【58题详解】
    考查主旨大意。根据文章第三段“It was this series of events, which showed global participation and performances, that largely convinced the IOC (国际奥委会) to include a women’s marathon in the 1984 Olympic Games.(正是这一系列展示了全球参与和表现的项目,在很大程度上说服了国际奥委会在1984年奥运会中加入女子马拉松项目)”可知,文章第三段主要讲述了凯瑟琳的努力和成就使女子马拉松成为1984年奥运会的比赛项目。故答案是:Kathrine’s efforts and achievements made women’s marathon into the Olympic Games in 1984.
    【59题详解】
    考查词句猜测。根据下文“whether it is a tough marathon, a difficult business presentation, or the hard situations of life.(无论是一场艰难的马拉松,一场艰难的商业演讲,还是生活中的艰难处境)”可知,来自世界各地的女性一直在她们的号码布上佩戴数字261,因为这让她们在逆境面前无所畏惧。由此可知,划线词adversity意为“逆境,困难”。故答案是:Difficulty./Obstacles./Troubles.
    【60题详解】
    开放性试题。言之有理即可。根据文章第二段“Thanks to help from her teammates, she went on to finish the rest of the race, and was so determined that she said she’d finish on her hands and knees if she had to.(由于队友的帮助,她完成了剩下的比赛,她下定决心,说如果有必要,她会用手和膝盖完成)”和文章第三段“It was this series of events, which showed global participation and performances, that largely convinced the IOC (国际奥委会) to include a women’s marathon in the 1984 Olympic Games.(正是这一系列展示了全球参与和表现的项目,在很大程度上说服了国际奥委会在1984年奥运会中加入女子马拉松项目)”以及文章最后一段“As Kathrine says, “Running will wonderfully change your life. We invite you to join our fearless community!”(正如凯瑟琳所说,“跑步将奇妙地改变你的生活。我们邀请您加入我们无畏的社区!”)”可知,她勇敢而坚定,因为她敢于在挑战中为妇女权利而斗争。故答案是:She is brave and determined because she dared to fight for women’s rights in spite of challenges.
    第二节:书面表达(满分25分)
    61. 假如你是晨光中学学生李津,下个月即将参加你校举办的英语演讲比赛。得知你的美国朋友Chris参加了国际中学生演讲比赛,并荣获一等奖,请你给他写封信。内容要点如下:
    1. 表示祝贺;
    2. 讨教参赛经验;
    3. 请他给你的演讲稿提出建议。
    注意:1. 词数不少于100;
    2. 可适当加入细节,以使内容充实,行文连贯;
    3. 补全开头结尾,书信格式正确。
    参考词汇 演讲比赛 speech contest
    【61题答案】
    【答案】Dear Chris,
    Learning that you have won the first place in the International Speech Contest for high school students, I’m writing to express my deepest congratulations on your success. It’s great that your hard work has paid off.
    I’m going to take part in an English Speech Contest next month. While English has always been one of my best subjects, I have no experience in delivering an English speech in front of so many listeners, which worries me a lot. I’m wondering if you could take the trouble to share your competition experience with me. Attached is my speech draft and I sincerely hope for your advice so that I can have it improved.
    Congratulations again! And I would appreciate a response at your earliest convenience.
    Yours,
    Li Jin
    【解析】
    【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文,要求考生给写一封祝贺信,祝贺美国朋友Chris得了国际中学生演讲比赛一等奖,并向他寻求经验。
    【详解】1.词汇积累
    表达:show→express
    发表:make→deliver
    虽然:Though→While
    想知道:would like to know→wonder
    2.句式拓展
    简单句变复合句
    原句:And I would appreciate a response at your earliest convenience.
    拓展句:And I would be appreciate it if you could reply at your earliest convenience.
    【点睛】[高分句型1]While English has always been one of my best subjects, I have no experience in delivering an English speech in front of so many listeners, which worries me a lot.(which引导的非限制性定语从句)
    [高分句型2]I’m wondering if you could take the trouble to share your competition experience with me. (if引导的宾语从句)
    听力答案:
    试卷A
    1.B 2.C 3.A 4.A 5.B 6.C 7.C 8.B 9.C 10.A 11.C 12.C 13.A 14.B 15.A
    试卷B
    1.A 2.B 3.B 4.A 5.C 6.A 7.A 8.B 9.C 10.A 11.B 12.A 13.C 14.C 15.B

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