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小题素养卷——培素养，稳实力【小题小卷】冲刺2022年高考英语小题限时集训（解析版）专题07 阅读理解难度：★★★★☆            建议用时： 30分钟              正确率 ：      /40阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑。A 应用文（2021·衡水中学二模）Four Interesting Science MuseumsPolytechnic Museum, Russia For many guests of the capital, some of the most vivid childhood memories are associated with this museum. A variety of technical fields are presented in 65 halls-Mining, Space, Energy, and Transportation, etc. And the exposition（博览会）is the only museum project in Russia about the history of the bike. The interactive division "Technoplay" is open, where you not only can but also need touch most of the exhibits with your hands. In addition to self-experimentation, for personal requests the museum's experts will show many entertaining experiments.Eureka, England The Eureka educational center is a huge complex where modern science and technology are becoming clear, even to kids. The main exhibition is devoted to the human body, the laws of physics and natural things. Visitors can obtain energy or create paper with their own hands. On the area of the Eureka educational park there is a botanical garden and a collection of minerals from the rock types of Finland is presented there. Deutsches Museum, GermanyIn this museum you can see more than 100 thousand different items from windmills（风车）to medical equipment. All aspects of industrial production appear before the eyes. Several museum rooms are arranged especially for children-there are exhibits that entertain kids starting from three. NEMO, the Netherlands The largest Dutch research centre stands ready to share its secrets with everyone. This immersion（沉浸）in the world of science and technology will not be dull. All significant information is presented in the form of exciting games. All exhibits are interactive; visitors are allowed to touch, pull and press on anything. The museum is for children from 6 to 16, as well as for their parents-it will be interesting to all.1．What can visitors do at Polytechnic Museum?A．Learn how the bike developed. B．Touch all of the exhibits.C．Watch entertaining movies. D．Show entertaining experiments.2．Where should visitors go if they are interested in plants?A．Polytechnic Museum. B．Eureka.C．Deutsches Museum. D．NEMO.3．What makes NEMO unique?A．It is specially designed for children.B．It is the largest museum in the world.C．It shows information of exhibits in games.D．Some exhibits can be touched or pressed.【答案】 1．A  2．B  3．C【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了四家有趣的科学博物馆。【详解】1. 细节理解题。根据Polytechnic Museum, Russia部分的“And the exposition is the only museum project in Russia about the history of the bike.”可知，而此次博览会是俄罗斯唯一一个关于自行车历史的博物馆项目。在Polytechnic Museum这家博物馆，游客可以了解自行车的发展历史，故选A。2. 细节理解题。根据Eureka，England部分的“On the area of the Eureka educational park there is a botanical garden”可知，尤里卡教育公园有一个植物园。由此可知，如果游客对植物感兴趣，他们应该去Eureka，故选B。3. 细节理解题。根据NEMO，the Netherlands部分的“All significant information is presented in the form of exciting games.”可知，所有重要信息都以激动人心的游戏形式呈现。所以使NEMO独特的是这家博物馆给孩子提供寓教于乐的参观方式，故选C。B 记叙文Sean McCarthy didn’t expect to be fighting tears his very first day as a volunteer for OHM (Open Heart Magic). As one of more than 60 volunteer “Hospital Magicians,” he’s learned since then anything happens when you devote your time and heart to helping others - and passes this sense of hope and wonder on to each sick child he visits.OHM uses the therapeutic (治疗的) power of magic and laughter to help energize and strengthen seriously ill children in Chicago area hospitals.Why magic? According to OHM, scientific studies suggest the benefits of magic as a tool to gain trust, relieve tension, enhance cognitive (认知) function and more.For Sean, making the commitment to become a Hospital Magician was simple. “I trust the mission of the organization, interviewed, and went through 13 weeks of training to become a Hospital Magician,” he says.“An unbelievable thing happened to me on my first day by myself at the hospital,” he relates. The first patient was a 10-year-old boy. Sean walked into the boy’s room and his parents were standing by his bed. As taught, Sean introduced himself and said he was with OHM. He asked if the boy wanted to see some magic.Sean performed 3-4 tricks. When finished, he thanked them and noticed all of them smiling. They all thanked Sean for stopping by as he walked out of the room. Walking down the hall, Sean thought, “Wow, that was a really great experience for my first room on my first day!”Sean was absolutely floored. “I think I managed to say, ‘Thank you’, but that’s about all I could get out as I felt myself starting to well up,” he remembers. “I knew we would impact the kids and their families during difficult times, but I never expected to see it so soon.”Sean was addicted to it. He talks about how that first night was not the exception, but the norm. He’s had similar inspiring, incredible experiences throughout the last six months as a Hospital Magician.4. What can we learn about Sean’s volunteer service?A. It has a positive impact on ill kids and their families.B. It uses magic to cure the disease of seriously ill kids.C. It is organized by children’s hospitals in the local area.D. It’s contemporary before Sean moves on to another program.5. What does the underlined word “floored” probably mean?A. Relaxed. B. Frustrated. C. Surprised. D. Delighted.6. Why did Sean think it simple to become a Hospital Magician?A. Because he had similar experiences in the past.B. Because he had the knowledge and skills required for it.C. Because there were many people providing the same service.D Because he had a lot of sympathy for the seriously ill children.7. What message does the author seem to convey in the text?A. People should learn magic to volunteer at children’s hospitals.B. Volunteering in hospitals can be greatly beneficial on both sides.C. Volunteering in hospitals help people to become better magicians.D. People should take part in volunteer programs to help kids in need.【答案】4. A    5. C    6. B    7. B【解析】【分析】本文是记叙文。讲述志愿者肖恩在医院作魔术师，帮助生病的儿童和他们的家人缓解压力，提高认知的故事，说明了在医院作志愿者对双方都有益处。【4题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段的“As one of more than 60 volunteer “Hospital Magicians,” he’s learned since then anything happens when you devote your time and heart to helping others - and passes this sense of hope and wonder on to each sick child he visits.( 作为医院60多名志愿魔术师中的一员，他从那时起就学会了，当你奉献你的时间和用心帮助别人的时候，任何事情都会发生——传递这种希望和好奇的感觉给他看望的每一个生病的孩子。)”和倒数第三段的“When finished, he thanked them and noticed all of them smiling. They all thanked Sean for stopping by as he walked out of the room.( 完成后，他感谢了他们，并注意到他们所有人都在微笑。当肖恩走出房间时他们都感谢他的来访)”以及倒数第二段的“I knew we would impact the kids and their families during difficult times(我知道我们会在困难时期影响孩子和他们的家庭)”可推断，肖恩的志愿者服务对孩子和家人有积极的影响。故选A。【5题详解】词义猜测题。根据下文“‘I think I managed to say, ‘Thank you’, but that’s about all I could get out as I felt myself starting to well up,’ he remembers.‘I knew we would impact the kids and their families during difficult times, but I never expected to see it so soon.’(“我认为我努力地说了‘谢谢’，但我只能说这么多，因为我觉得自己开始激动起来，”他回忆道。“我知道我们会在困难时期影响孩子和他们的家庭，但我从没想到这么快就看到了。”)”可知，肖恩看到自己对生病的孩子和家人有如此的影响后，很激动，没想到这么快就看到了这样的结果，因此推断他非常吃惊，划线词与surprised意思相近。故选C。【6题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段的“For Sean, making the commitment to become a Hospital Magician was simple. “I trust the mission of the organization, interviewed, and went through 13 weeks of training to become a Hospital Magician,” he says.( 对肖恩来说，承诺成为一名医院魔术师是简单的。他说：“我相信这个组织的使命，接受了面试，并接受了为期13周成为了一名医院的魔术师的培训。”)”可知，肖恩接受了13周的医院魔术师的培训，因此他拥有作为医院魔术师的知识和技能，因此他认为做医院魔术师是简单的。故选B。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第三段的“When finished, he thanked them and noticed all of them smiling. They all thanked Sean for stopping by as he walked out of the room.( 完成后，他感谢了他们，并注意到他们所有人都在微笑。当肖恩走出房间时他们都感谢的他的来访)”和最后一段的“Sean was addicted to it. He talks about how that first night was not the exception, but the norm. He’s had similar inspiring, incredible experiences throughout the last six months as a Hospital Magician.( 肖恩对它上瘾了。他说他的第一个晚上并不是特例，而是家常便饭。在过去作为一个医院魔术师的六个月期间他有类似的鼓舞人心的，不可思议的经历。)”可知肖恩做志愿医院魔术师对有病的儿童和家属以及他自己都有好处，因此推断作者通过这篇文章传递了在医院做志愿者对双方都很有好处的信息。故选B。                                       C 说明文（2022·江西九江·高三期末）UN Chinese Language Day is celebrated annually on April 20. The event was set up by the UN Department of Public Information in order to get equal use of all six of its official working language throughout the organization.The first Chinese Language Day was celebrated in 2010 on the12th of November. But since 2011, the date has been the 20th of April. It’s because Chinese Guyu, which is the 6th of 24 solar terms in the traditional Chinese calendar, usually just begins around the date, April 20. Guyu is important to Chinese people. Each year they will celebrate Guyu in memory of the person: Cangjie, who was believed to create Chinese characters. There’s a story that when Cangjie created Chinese characters, it rained millet(粟)；Guyu in some way means “rain of millet”.The Chinese Language Day for 2021 is especially to help people learn about Chinese characters based on symbols. In the building of the UN in New York, three events, which were organized by an organization connected to the UN, focused on three types of Chinese characters based on symbols. The three events were, a guided tour of the Liangzhu Museum, a language class on Dongba words, and a lecture on the history of Chinese characters. The three events were held from April 19 to 21, 2021.Chinese was allowed to be an official language of the United Nations in 1946. However, in the early years, Chinese was not commonly used in the work of the United Nations. The situation improved after the restoration (恢复) of the lawful rights of the People’s Republic of China in the United Nations in 1971. And in 1973, the General Assembly(联合国大会) included Chinese as a working language. Then more and more UN offices and work members work with the Chinese language.8．What can we learn from the first two paragraphs ?A．Chinese traditional 24 solar terms are well accepted all over the world.B．The UN Chinese Language Day has been celebrated for over 13 year.C．The UN Chinese Language Day was set up to preserve the Chinese language.D．There are five other official working languages other than Chinese in the UN.9．Why was the UN Chinese Language Day moved to April 20?A．To show respect for one solar term.B．To promote Chinese characters.C．To protect various Chinese dialects.D．To support the equal use of Chinese language.10．What can we know about the three events?A．They focused on helping people learn Chinese characters .B．They were held in the building of the UN for four days.C．They paid attention to three types of Chinese characters .D．They were all organized by the UN in New York.11．What's the last paragraph mainly about?A．The Chinese language’s origin and evolution.B．The Chinese language’s change in its long history.C．The Chinese language’s growing popularity at the UN.D．The Chinese language’s significance to Chinese people.【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了联合国中文日换到每年4月20的原因，2021年该节日的主题，以及中文在联合国官方语言中地位的变化。细节理解题。根据第一段的“The event was set up by the UN Department of Public Information in order to get equal use of all six of its official working language throughout the organization.（该活动由联合国新闻部设立，目的是在整个组织内平等使用所有六种官方工作语言）”可知，联合国的工作语言除了中文还有其他五种。故选D。9.推理判断题。根据第二段的“But since 2011, the date has been the 20th of April. It’s because Chinese Guyu, which is the 6th of 24 solar terms in the traditional Chinese calendar, usually just begins around the date, April 20. Guyu is important to Chinese people. Each year they will celebrate Guyu in memory of the person: Cangjie, who was believed to create Chinese characters. （但自2011年以来，这个日期一直是4月的20。这是因为在中国传统历法中，24个节气中的第6个是中国的谷雨，通常在4月20日左右开始。谷雨对中国人很重要。每年他们都会庆祝谷雨，以纪念那个被认为创造了汉字的人：仓颉）”推知，联合国中文日从原来的11月12日换到4月20日是为了表示对一个节气（谷雨）的尊重。故选A。10.细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的“The Chinese Language Day for 2021 is especially to help people learn about Chinese characters based on symbols. In the building of the UN in New York, three events, which were organized by an organization connected to the UN, focused on three types of Chinese characters based on symbols. （2021年的汉语日是专门帮助人们学习汉字的符号。在美国纽约的联合国大楼中，由联合国相关机构组织的三场活动围绕着基于符号的三种汉字展开）”可知，这三项活动关注中国的三种文字。故选C。11.主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Chinese was allowed to be an official language of the United Nations in 1946. However, in the early years, Chinese was not commonly used in the work of the United Nations. The situation improved after the restoration (恢复) of the lawful rights of the People’s Republic of China in the United Nations in 1971. And in 1973, the General Assembly(联合国大会) included Chinese as a working language. Then more and more UN offices and work members work with the Chinese language.（1946年，汉语被允许成为联合国的官方语言。然而，在早期，中文在联合国的工作中并不普遍使用。1971年恢复中华人民共和国在联合国的合法权利后，情况有所改善。1973年，联合国大会将中文列为工作语言。然后，越来越多的联合国机构和工作人员使用中文）”可知，本段主要讲述了中文在联合国越来越受欢迎。故选C。                                         D 议论文As an astronomer(天文学家)，I am accustomed to observing the universe in quiet places. I observe galaxies in the deep universe-places so far away that their light takes billions of years to reach our eyes.Sometimes I wonder what our own galaxy looked like billions of years ago, before solar system was born. I often stare at the Hubble Deep Field(哈勃深空区)searching for clues∶galaxies colliding(碰撞)，stars exploding，and stellar nurseries. Can looking to the stars bring us closer together?A couple of months ago，Betelgeuse，a bright star in the Orion constellation(猎户座) started to get dimmer and dimmer. Astronomers all over the world thought this might be a signal that the star was about to explode. Though it might not happen for another 1000 years or more, still I went outside every night to check it out. I was hoping that it would explode. Imagine seeing a star shining as bright as the full moon even during the day. I started dreaming about using such an event to remind everyone that stars produce nearly all of the chemical elements in the universe, which came directly out of the Big Bang. Everything we breathe, touch and see was made inside of stars. The iron in our blood, calcium bones, and almost the entire periodic table are products of stellar evolution.Betelgeuse did not explode, and more recent observations note that it is actually returning to normal. But nothing is normal here on Earth now. I am beginning to realize that we did not need a star to explode to unite us. All we needed was a common problem. I am hoping that everyone on the planet is saving some time to contemplate（凝视，沉思)the universe and to realize we are not alone. No matter where we are or who we are, we are on this planet together. Since we are all made of stars, looking up at the night sky gives us a glimpse of our past and our future, and we can contemplate both together.12．Why does the author write this article?A．To advise others to stare at a potentially exploding star recently.B．To research into the scientific mystery in the universe with readers.C．To discuss the proper relationship between human and the universe.D．To suggest us thinking about the way human beings live in this world.13．According to the article, Betelgeuse________.A．is a star the author tracked for yearsB．will produce chemical elements if it explodesC．is a normal star which is disappearingD．will explode in ten thousand years14．"Such an event"underlined in Paragraph 4 refers to________.A．Betelgeuse's potential explosionB．Betelgeuse's getting dimmer and dimmerC．the author's checking out every nightD．a star's shining as bright as the sun15．What's the best title of this passage?A．What should an astronomer do?B．Should we know more about the universe?C．Looking to the stars can bring us closer together.D．Getting united is a problem impossible to solve.【答案】 12．D  13．B  14．A  15．C【分析】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章通过作者观察宇宙深处的星系，一颗恒星可能要爆炸，但后来又恢复正常，从而产生的联想，地球上一切都不正常了，需要有一个共同的问题使人们更加团结。12．推理判断题。根据最后一段“I am hoping that everyone on the planet is saving some time to contemplate（凝视，沉思）the universe and to realize we are not alone. No matter where we are or who we are, we are on this planet together. Since we are all made of stars, looking up at the night sky gives us a glimpse of our past and our future, and we can contemplate both together. (我希望地球上的每个人都能节省一些时间来思考宇宙，并意识到我们并不孤单。不管我们在哪里，不管我们是谁，我们都在这个星球上。因为我们都是由星星组成的，仰望夜空能让我们瞥见我们的过去和未来，我们可以一起思考这两者。)”可以推知，作者建议我们思考人类在这个世界上的生活方式。故选D项。13．推理判断题。根据第三段中“A couple of months ago，Betelgeuse，a bright star in the Orion constellation（猎户座） started to get dimmer and dimmer. (几个月前，猎户座中一颗明亮的恒星参宿四开始变得越来越暗。)”可知，Betelgeuse是颗恒星，根据第四段中“I started dreaming about using such an event to remind everyone that stars produce nearly all of the chemical elements in the universe, which came directly out of the Big Bang.(我开始梦想用such an event来提醒大家，恒星产生了宇宙中几乎所有的化学元素，这些元素都直接来自于大爆炸。)”可知，如果Betelgeuse发生爆炸，会产生化学元素。故选B项。14．词句猜测题。根据划线词句上一段（第三段）中“A couple of months ago，Betelgeuse，a bright star in the Orion constellation（猎户座） started to get dimmer and dimmer. Astronomers all over the world thought this might be a signal that the star was about to explode.(几个月前，猎户座中一颗明亮的恒星Betelgeuse开始变得越来越暗。全世界的天文学家都认为这可能是这颗恒星即将爆炸的信号。)”可知，这颗恒星有潜在的爆炸迹象，在根据划线词句“I started dreaming about using such an event to remind everyone that stars produce nearly all of the chemical elements in the universe, which came directly out of the Big Bang.(我开始梦想用such an event来提醒大家，恒星产生了宇宙中几乎所有的化学元素，这些元素都直接来自于大爆炸。)”可以推知，划线词语即指Betelgeuse潜在的爆炸迹象，作者想用该事件来提醒人们。故选A项。15．主旨大意题。通读全文，根据倒数第二段“But nothing is normal here on Earth now. I am beginning to realize that we did not need a star to explode to unite us. All we needed was a common problem. (但现在地球上一切都不正常了。我开始意识到我们不需要一颗恒星爆炸来团结我们。我们所需要的只是一个共同的问题)”可知，本文通过作者观察宇宙深处的星系，一颗恒星可能要爆炸，但后来又恢复正常，从而产生的联想，地球上一切都不正常了，需要有一个共同的问题使人们更加团结。选项C“仰望星空可以让我们更加亲密。”突出主题，表达准确，适合做标题。故选C项。                                   能力提升篇  新闻报道Passage 5 （2021·内蒙古包头·高三期末）Reducing, reusing and recycling is a way of life in Sweden. Recycling is required by law and garbage is sorted at home before it goes to a recycling center. Recyclables are sorted into seven categories and recycling stations are within just 300 meters of all residential areas. “Recycling almost everything is a must in Sweden now. It actually feels very uncomfortable when you visit another country and can't find easy ways to recycle,” said Owen Gaffney, an expert at Stockholm Resilience Centre and Future Earth.But not all of its garbage is recycled. Sweden uses alternatives that include burning garbage to make electricity instead of using fossil fuels to heat 1.2 million homes. About half of household garbage is sent to one of the 33 waste-to-heat plants. Sweden is importing garbage from other countries to keep these plants running. Sweden is also a world leader in turning food waste into eco-friendly biogas. It has made food waste collection compulsory beginning in 2021. There is a food waste biogas plant, which allows biogas to be used to run public buses and to heat apartment buildings.Sweden now wants to deal with those remaining items that cannot be recycled by using a circular(循环论证的)economy approach. It means that products can be reused and only recycled when absolutely necessary. The Swedish government formed an advisory group to find a new way of making this part of its environmental policy.This will not work effectively unless people are taught to change their behavior. Now the government is reforming its tax code so that people could get cheaper repairs or buy used things. The large Swedish clothing retailer(零售商)H&M operates a recycling program that gives customers discounts when they bring back old clothing.Sweden is fighting climate change by doing all the right stuff. Waste recycling and the plans to switch to a circular economy will go a long way in reducing its carbon footprint and will help stop global warming.16．What do we know about Sweden?A．Sweden imports household garbage for biogas.B．Everything is recycled after being used in Sweden.C．Half of garbage in Sweden is used to produce heat.D．It is convenient to recycle things in Sweden.17．What does the advisory group do?A．Teach people how to save fossil fuels. B．Conduct a survey about the local economy.C．Make sure the citizens recycle wisely. D．Offer advice on environmental policy.18．How does the government encourage its citizens to reuse?A．It provides various recycling programs. B．It cuts down taxes on new products.C．It offers lower prices for repairs. D．It gives discounts to regular buyers.19．From which is the text possibly taken?A．A book on city environment. B．A news report on local environment.C．A science report on public health. D．A travel guide on Sweden. 【答案】16．D     17．D    18．C     19．A【分析】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了瑞典在保护环境方面（尤其是在减少、再利用和回收废弃物方面）做出的努力和贡献。16．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Recyclables are sorted into seven categories and recycling stations are within just 300 meters of all residential areas. (可回收物被分为7类，而回收站距离所有居民区只有300米)”可知，在瑞典回收东西很方便。故选D项。17．细节理解题。根据第三段中“The Swedish government formed an advisory group to find a new way of making this part of its environmental policy. (瑞典政府成立了一个顾问团，以寻找一种新方法，将其纳入环境政策)”可知，顾问团是为环境政策提供建议。故选D项。18．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Now the government is reforming its tax code so that people could get cheaper repairs or buy used things. (现在政府正在改革其税法，以便人们可以得到更便宜的维修或购买二手物品)”可知，政府通过提供较低的维修费用来鼓励市民重复使用。故选C项。19．推理判断题。根据第一段中“Reducing, reusing and recycling is a way of life in Sweden. (减少、再利用和回收是瑞典的一种生活方式)”和最后一段“Sweden is fighting climate change by doing all the right stuff. Waste recycling and the plans to switch to a circular economy will go a long way in reducing its carbon footprint and will help stop global warming. (瑞典正在通过做所有正确的事情来应对气候变化。废物回收和转向循环经济的计划将大大减少碳足迹，并有助于阻止全球变暖)”可知，本文主要是讲述了瑞典在保护环境方面做出的努力和贡献，因此本文最可能摘自一本关于城市环境的书。故选A项。