专题04 自然灾害 -备战2022高考英语单元话题”语法填空 阅读理解 读后续写“专项突破（人教版2019）

这是一份专题04 自然灾害 -备战2022高考英语单元话题”语法填空 阅读理解 读后续写“专项突破（人教版2019），共19页。
专题04 自然灾害



Part 1 语法填空
（一）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
China’s Henan province 1．(make) headlines as it was hit with heavy rains, which left people dead, missing and 2．(severe) affected. 3． donations, supplies and condolences(慰唁) rolling in, many Chinese enterprises are setting 4． positive example.
Chinese sportswear company ERKE made a donation of 50 million yuan ($7.7 million) to provide supplies for flood 5．(relieve) and aid. After the company made the announcement on 6．(it) social media platform, Sina Weibo, on Wednesday, it received widespread support.
One of the comments 7．(leave) by a netizen ranked at the top under the topic. “It feels like you’re going out of business and you donated so much,” the netizen wrote.
What made the company’s donation 8．(impress) and led it to go viral is the fact that the donation is a big sum for the company, 9．(consider) that ERKE’s business didn’t seem to develop very smoothly during the past few years.
On Thursday night, the company’s live streaming channel on Taobao, Alibaba’s e-commerce platform, attracted over 2 million people, 10． was a big increase from its usual number of viewers.
（二）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Climate change makes wildfires, hurricanes and heat waves more frequent 11． stronger than before. The bad effects are in the headlines 12． (regular). The warming climate also changes lives 13． subtler (不易察觉的) ways.
In Tampa, Fla. , Sara Brogan says summers are getting 14． (hot). Going to the beach to cool off is a decades-long tradition for her family. They 15． (go) to the beach once this summer. There was a red tide. These algae (水藻) blooms are increasing, likely because of human 16． (pollute) and warming temperatures. They produce toxins (毒素) that kill sea life. That is 17． Brogan is staying away from the beach. A lot of times it's—before you even get there, you can feel the smell of dead fish is very strong.
Wildfire smoke obviously is not good for people and the animal. Heather Duchow and her husband celebrated 18． (they) 20th anniversary in Montana's Glacier National Park. When they got there, it was very smoky. She felt disappointed: the smoke made it difficult 19． (see) the awe-inspiring views she remembered. For future anniversaries, they may go sooner in the summer,20． (hope) to avoid the worst of fire season. It's strongly recommended that some measures should be taken to control the warming climate.
（三）
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式（每空至多3词）
Wildfires can start in forests or on open land, and the flames spread very quickly. Sometimes they start because the weather is hot and dry, but 21． (most) humans cause wildfires. We can prevent them by carefully 22． (control) campfires and other outdoor fires.
Other natural disasters are impossible to prevent. A typhoon is a tropical (热带的) storm 23． starts over the sea. When Typhoon Haiyan hit the Philippines and Vietnam in 2013, the winds reached over 100 kph and caused great damage. Six thousand people 24． (kill), and more than two million had to leave their homes. Today we can predict these storms, and if we attach importance 25． weather warnings, we can prepare for them.
Unlike a storm, 26． earthquake is usually unexpected. A huge earthquake hit Pakistan in October 2015. “The ground was shaking,” said one resident. “But worse than that was the sound of the earthquake. It was 27． (frighten).” Earthquakes usually don’t last more than a minute, but their influences can be terrible. Buildings fall down and this can sometimes cause fires. It can be very difficult to find 28． (survive) in the damaged areas.
These are just three examples of 29． deadly nature can be. But humans can use technology 30． (make) predictions and work together when things go wrong.


Part 2 阅读理解
（一）
Japan is particularly vulnerable to natural disasters because of its climate and topography(地形), and it has experienced countless earthquakes, typhoons, and other types of disasters.
A number of factors contribute to the high incidence of natural disasters in Japan. Firstly, the country faces extreme climate changes, such as seasonal rain fronts and typhoons, as well as heavy snowfall on the Sea of Japan. Secondly, Japan's topography is rugged(崎岖不平的). Thirdly, Japan is located in the Pacific earthquake belt and is often struck by earthquakes, while its complex coastline is vulnerable to tsunamis. And fourthly, Japan is located in the circum-Pacific zone, in which almost all the volcanoes of the world are concentrated, and has 83 active volcanoes—one-tenth of the world total.
Between the end of World War Il and the late 1950s, when Japan's defenses against disasters were weakened by the war, the country was hit by a series of major typhoons, violent earthquakes, and other disasters, and over 1, 000 lives were lost almost every year. The Ise Bay Typhoon of September 1959 killed more than 5,000 people, the biggest number in the postwar period. It urged the establishment of a planned and complete disaster prevention administration system, and in 1961 the Disaster Countermeasures Basic Act was made. After that measures for prevention, emergency relief, and recovery were linked interactively under a system that ensured effective ways to disaster countermeasures. In June 1960 a decision was reached to observe a "Disaster Prevention Day" each year on September 1 as a means of spreading disaster prevention knowledge and raising public awareness.
Japan in the 1960s thus began actively carrying out measures to shore up both the physical and institutional safeguards against disasters, with particular measures being placed on disaster prevention. These efforts have greatly reduced the number of people who die or become missing as a result of natural disasters. The declining trend is still continuing, and the number has fallen to between 100 and 200 per year in recent years.
31．Why do many natural disasters happen in Japan?
A．Because of Japan's ignorance. B．Because of Japan's location.
C．Because of Japan's poor ability. D．Because of Japan's wrong measures.
32．What is most likely to happen in the circum-pacific zone?
A．Heavy snowfall. B．Earthquakes. C．Typhoons. D．Volcanoes.
33．What can we know about the Ise Bay Typhoon?
A．It showed Japan's defenses against disasters were weak.
B．It promoted the disaster prevention administration system.
C．It was the worst disaster in Japan's history.
D．It made about 1, 000 people lose their lives.
34．What does the author intend to tell us in Paragraph 4?
A．There are still many natural disasters in Japan now.
B．Japan did a lot to fight against natural disasters in the 1960s.
C．The natural disasters in Japan are dropping.
D．Japan's measures against natural disasters have worked much.
（二）
When architect Douglas Cardinal was studying at the University of Texas many years ago, he used to drive to the college through the Rocky Mountains from his home Alberta, Canada. “I was inspired by those forms,” Cardinal told an American journalist. “They helped me realize architecture should come from the natural environment of a place.”
While Canadians are familiar with Cardinal's highly original work, he is not alone in taking inspiration from nature and preferring curves (曲线) to straight lines. As a key contributor to an international movement known as organic architecture, Cardinal has had his work and views presented in the book New Organic Architecture: The Breaking Wave by British architect David Pearson. In his book, Pearson expresses the meaning of organic architecture with examples of amazing buildings by 30 architects from 15 countries.
For example, in New Caledonia, Italian architect Renzon Piano has designed a village inspired by native cottages and their relationship to nature. In Palm Springs, California, American architect Kendrick Bangs Kellogg has created a desert house that looks like a bird. The house is earthquake-proof (抗震的) and stores the sun's heat, letting it out at night.
“There's a growing awareness of the need for all architects to influence the environment as little as possible,” Pearson said. “What is new is to link the newer environmental awareness to the passionate (充满热情地) design that can come out of looking at nature and its forms.”
“Organic architecture is rooted in a passion for life, nature and natural forms,” Pearson writes. “Its free-flowing curves and expressive forms are in agreement with the human body, mind, spirit. In a well-designed organic building, we feel better and freer.”
Cardinal has won an award for his new work. “There's a countless variety of forms in nature, and I am continually inspired by observing all these forms,” says Cardinal.
35．Where did Cardinal's design ideas come from?
A．A famous architect. B．A journalist who interviewed him.
C．The natural scenery on his way to college. D．The book New Organic Architecture: The Breaking Wave.
36．What do we know about Cardinal?
A．He likes straight lines more. B．He failed to win an award for his works.
C．He is less popular in Canada than in America. D．He made great efforts in the organic architecture movement.
37．What do buildings in Pearson's book have in common?
A．They look like birds. B．They are earthquake-proof.
C．They draw inspiration from nature. D．They can keep still in an earthquake.
38．What does Cardinal think of organic architecture?
A．It needs further development. B．It combines humanity with nature.
C．It fails to care about the environment. D．It focuses mainly on its attractive appearance.
39．Which is the best title for the text?
A．Influences of architecture on environment. B．An inspirational architecture book.
C．Amazing buildings inspired by nature. D．Cardinal and his organic architecture.
（三）
I think my hometown Belarus is a lucky place because it doesn't experience dangerous natural disasters such as volcano eruptions, earthquakes, or hurricanes.
However, sometimes spring floods happen in low areas of my town. It can be strong enough to damage crop fields, roads, and plants. Moreover, it is dangerous for the livestock which might die in the water. As you can see, a flood is rather harmful for the countryside.
In the summer time, hail and heavy rainstorms visit Belarus, but they never cause serious damage to buildings or people's deaths. Even though some trees or other plants might be uprooted or destroyed, people actually don't pay a lot of attention to these disasters because they don't occur very often.
In winter, we sometimes experience snowstorms with heavy snow and strong winds. Several years ago,for instance,people couldn't arrive at their jobs because a lot of snow was on the streets. Schools were closed on that day, but children weren't anxious about it. They really enjoyed the snow mountains outdoors.
As for me, I was unhappy about that day. My apartment building is located on a hill. It isn't big, so I had never had any problems with driving a car near my home. However, it took me almost two hours to arrive home from the foot of the hill because there was so much snow on the road that my car couldn't move. I had to ask people in the street to help me to push the car out of the snow. Later, when everything was over, my friends and I were laughing when we imagined how funny I was while pushing a heavy car.
As you may notice, natural disasters in my country depend on the seasons of the year. Although we experience several kinds of natural weather conditions, they are not very dangerous. And people often try to have fun during or after them.
40．What happens in the spring in the author's town?
A．Hurricanes B．Floods C．Rainstorms D．Snowstorms
41．Why do people pay little attention to heavy rainstorms or hail in summer?
A．Because they are not common in the town. B．Because it never snows in the summer.
C．Because they cause no trouble to the livestock. D．Because there are few people in the town.
42．What was the children's feeling towards the snowstorm in winter?
A．Worried B．Alarmed C．Excited D．Encouraged
43．What can we infer about the people in the town?
A．They are rude to strange people. B．They are fond of the cold life in winter.
C．They are unsatisfied with their life. D．They are willing to help others.


Part 3 读后续写
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Yumi stood at the door of the cabin (小屋).She watched black clouds roll across the sky. "This has been an awful vacation, she said to Mei. “We've been in this cabin all week because of this rain. Then I wanted to go into town with Mom and Dad today, but you got sick."
"I couldn't help it," Mei cried.
Yumi didn't listen to her. “My friend Sue is lucky. She's an only child. She never has to miss out on things because of a little sister," she said.
With an angry click, she turned on the radio. “Word is just in," a man said. “There is a chance of a flash flood in Green Valley. The water in Copper Lake has reached the top of the dam. The dam could give way at any time. People in Green Valley are in danger. They should move to high ground right away. "
“Should we leave?” Mei asked.
“No, Mom and Dad will be home soon. I don't want to leave until they get here, ” Yumi answered.
Yumi was upset. Every past year she loved their vacations in Green Valley. But this year the rain spoiled(毁掉)everything. The sky grew darker. Heavy rain beat against the windows, and thunder shook the cabin. "Yumi, I'm scared," Mei said. “What if the dam breaks?”
“It won't," Yumi said. She hoped Mei believed her. Yumi didn't want Mei to know how scared she was.
The radio stopped in the middle of a song. A man came on the air talking loud and fast. “The Copper Lake Dam has broken. Everyone in Green Valley must move to high ground NOW!”
Yumi's heart raced. "Let's get out of here!” she cried. She took Mei's arm and pulled her outside. They could hear a terrible roar(咆哮)coming from the far end of the valley. Yumi and Mei dashed up the muddy road behind their cabin. The thundering roar grew louder. Yumi looked back. The wall of water was coming faster. It seemed to be swallowing all of Green Valley. In another minute it would hit them.
注意:
1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Yumi saw a large tree just ahead.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
In a short time the flood water began to go down.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

参考答案
Part 1 语法填空
（一）
1．made
2．severely
3．With
4．a
5．relief
6．its
7．left
8．impressive
9．considering
10．which
【分析】
这是一篇新闻报道。在河南省近日的救灾活动中，中国运动服装公司鸿星尔克捐赠5000万元人民币(770万美元)，为抗洪救灾和援助提供物资，受到了举国关注。
1．
考查一般过去时。句意：中国河南省近日遭遇暴雨袭击，造成多人死亡、失踪，受灾严重，成为新闻头条。根据“as it was hit with heavy rains”可知，此处应用一般过去时。故填made。
2．
考查副词。句意：中国河南省近日遭遇暴雨袭击，造成多人死亡、失踪，受灾严重，成为新闻头条。修饰动词affected应用副词severely表示“严重地”作状语。故填severely。
3．
考查介词。句意：随着捐款、物资和吊唁的滚滚而来，许多中国企业树立了积极的榜样。根据“donations, supplies and condolences(慰唁) rolling in”可知，此处应用介词with构成独立主格结构。句首首字母应大写。故填With。
4．
考查冠词。句意：随着捐款、物资和吊唁的滚滚而来，许多中国企业树立了积极的榜样。此处第一次提及example，所以是泛指，positive开头发音为辅音，应用不定冠词a。故填a。
5．
考查名词。句意：中国运动服装公司鸿星尔克捐赠5000万元人民币(770万美元)，为抗洪救灾和援助提供物资。根据“and aid”可知，此处应用名词relief表示“救济”作介词for的宾语。故填relief。
6．
考查形容词性物主代词。句意：周三，该公司在其社交媒体平台新浪微博上宣布这一消息后，得到了广泛的支持。修饰名词platform应用形容词性物主代词its表示“它的”。故填its。
7．
考查过去分词。句意：一名网民留下的评论排在该话题下方的最前面。动词leave意为“留下”，和谓语之间没有连词，和逻辑主语comments构成被动关系，且动作已完成，所以应用过去分词作后置定语。故填left。
8．
考查形容词。句意：ERKE的捐赠之所以让人印象深刻，并迅速走红，是因为这对公司来说是一笔大数目，而ERKE的业务在过去几年似乎发展得并不顺利。此处使用“make+宾语+宾语补足语”的结构，根据句意可知，此处应用形容词impressive表示“令人印象深刻的”作宾语补足语说明宾语donation的状态。故填impressive。
9．
考查现在分词。句意：ERKE的捐赠之所以让人印象深刻，并迅速走红，是因为这对公司来说是一笔大数目，而ERKE的业务在过去几年似乎发展得并不顺利。动词consider意为“考虑”，和谓语之间没有连词，和主句构成主动关系，所以应用现在分词作状语。故填considering。
10．
考查定语从句。句意：周四晚上，阿里巴巴电商平台淘宝上的直播频道吸引了超过200万人，比平时的观众数量有了大幅增长。在非限制性定语从句中缺少主语，且修饰主句，所以应用关系代词which。故填which。
（二）
11．and
12．regularly
13．in
14．hotter
15．went
16．pollution
17．why
18．their
19．to see
20．hoping
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了全球变暖对人们生活和自然环境的影响。
11．
考查连词。句意：气候变化使得野火、飓风和热浪比起以前变得更加频繁，威力更强了。此处连接两个作宾补的形容词比较级，表示并列关系应使用连词and。故填and。
12．
考查副词。句意：负面效应经常出现在头条中。分析句子可知，空白处用频率副词作状语，故填regularly。
13．
考查介词。句意：气候变暖也在以不易察觉的方式改变着生命。in搭配ways表示“以……的方式”。故填in。
14．
考查形容词比较级。句意：Sara Brogan声称夏天正变得越来越热。本文讨论的是包括全球变暖在内的气候变化，这里要表达的应该是“夏天变得更热了”，要用hot的比较级。故填hotter。
15．
考查时态。句意：他们这个夏天曾去过一次沙滩。由句末的时间状语this summer可知，应使用一般过去时。故填went。
16．
考查名词。句意：这些藻华现象正在增多，可能是因为人为污染和气温上升。这里空白处与warming temperatures并列作of的宾语，需要一个名词，应使用不可数名词pollution表示“污染”。故填pollution。
17．
考查表语从句。句意：这就是为什么Brogan会远离海滩。分析句子可知，空白前句缺少表语，后句成分完整，考虑表语从句，联系前文对赤潮现象的解释，可以推知这就是Brogan远离海滩的原因，表原因应使用why作连接词，作原因状语，故填why。
18．
考查代词。句意：Heather Duchow和丈夫在蒙大拿冰河国家公园庆祝结婚20周年。分析句子可知，20th anniversary作宾语，空白处作定语修饰其应使用形容词性物主代词their，表示“他们的”。故填their。
19．
考查非谓语动词。句意：烟雾让他们很难看到记忆中令人惊叹的景色。分析句子可知，该句使用了形式宾语搭配宾语补足语，符合“主语+使役动词+it+宾补+不定式”的句式结构，真正的宾语由不定式担当。故填to see。
20．
考查非谓语动词。句意：未来的结婚纪念日，他们可能宁愿在夏天去，寄希望于避开最严重的野火季节。分析句子可知，主句成分完整，hope是非谓语动词，在这里作状语，hope与主句主语they之间是主谓关系，应使用现在分词形式。故填hoping。
（三）
21．mostly
22．controlling
23．which/that
24．were killed
25．to
26．an
27．frightening
28．survivors
29．how
30．to make
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了自然界中三种可致命的自然灾害——火灾、台风和地震，但人类可以利用科技做出预测，并在事情出错时协同工作。
21．
考查副词。句意：有时火灾发生是因为天气炎热干燥，但大多数火灾是由人类引起的。根据句子humans cause wildfires可知此处要用副词，作状语，修饰句子。故填mostly。
22．
考查动名词。句意：我们可以通过小心控制篝火和其他户外火源来预防它们。根据介词by“通过”可知此处要用动名词，作介词宾语。故填controlling。
23．
考查定语从句的关系词。句意：台风是一种从海上开始的热带风暴。分析句子可知，此处是一个定语从句，先行词是 storm，指物，缺少关系词，根据定语从句 3 starts over the sea中缺少主语，可知此处要用关系代词which/that。故填which/that。
24．
考查时态和语态。句意：6000人被杀，超过200万人被迫离开家园。根据上文 in 2013可知此句时态是一般过去时，分析句子可知，此处是谓语动词，根据主语是Six thousand people，与谓语动词kill之间是被动关系，可知此处要用一般过去时的被动语态，主语是复数，谓语也用复数形式。故填were killed。
25．
考查介词。句意：今天我们可以预测这些风暴，如果我们重视天气警报，我们可以为它们做好准备。固定短语attach importance to“重视”。故填to。
26．
考查冠词。句意：与风暴不同，地震通常是意想不到的。根据名词earthquake是以元音音素开头，可知此处要用不定冠词an，表示泛指。故填an。
27．
考查-ed形容词和-ing形容词。句意：“但比这更糟糕的是地震的声音。它是可怕的。”此处用形容词作表语，修饰形容词人用-ed形容词，修饰形容词物用-ing形容词，主语It指的是上文的 the sound of the earthquake，是物，用-ing形容词frightening (可怕的)。故填frightening。
28．
考查名词的数。句意：在受灾地区很难找到幸存者。根据find可知此处要用名词作宾语，由in the damaged areas可知要用名词的复数形式，survivor是可数名词。故填survivors。
29．
考查副词。句意：这只是三个例子，说明了大自然是多么的致命。分析句子可知，此处是一个宾语从句作介词of的宾语，根据宾语从句中的形容词deadly可知此处要用副词how。故填how。
30．
考查动词不定式。句意：但人类可以利用科技做出预测，并在事情出错时协同工作。根据can use technology可知此处要用动词不定式（to do），作目的状语。故填to make。
Part 2 阅读理解
（一）
31．B
32．D
33．B
34．D
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文。众所周知，日本的自然灾害非常多。文章中作者主要介绍了日本自然灾害高发的因素和日本对自然灾害采取的一些措施。
31．
细节理解题。根据文章第一段内容“Japan is particularly vulnerable to natural disasters because of its climate and topography(地形), and it has experienced countless earthquakes, typhoons, and other types of disasters.（日本的气候和地形特别容易受到自然灾害的影响，它经历了无数的地震、台风和其他类型的灾害。）”可知，日本发生这么多自然灾害是因为日本的气候和地理位置。故选B项。
32．
细节理解题。根据文章第二段最后一句“And fourthly, Japan is located in the circum-Pacific zone, in which almost all the volcanoes of the world are concentrated, and has 83 active volcanoes—one-tenth of the world total.（第四，日本位于环太平洋地区，世界上几乎所有的火山都集中在这个地区，有83座活火山，占世界活火山总数的十分之一。）”由此可知，环太平洋地区有可能发生火山爆发。故选D项。
33．
细节理解题。根据文章第三段第二、第三句“The Ise Bay Typhoon of September 1959 killed more than 5,000 people, the biggest number in the postwar period. It urged the establishment of a planned and complete disaster prevention administration system, and in 1961 the Disaster Countermeasures Basic Act was made. （1959年9月的伊势湾台风造成5000多人死亡，是战后死亡人数最多的一次。政府要求建立有计划的、完整的防灾管理体系，并于1961年制定了《灾害对策基本法》。）”由此可知，伊势湾台风推进日本防灾管理体系建设。故选B项。
34．
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段内容“Japan in the 1960s thus began actively carrying out measures to shore up both the physical and institutional safeguards against disasters, with particular measures being placed on disaster prevention. These efforts have greatly reduced the number of people who die or become missing as a result of natural disasters. The declining trend is still continuing, and the number has fallen to between 100 and 200 per year in recent years.（因此，日本在1960年代开始积极采取措施，加强对灾害的物质和体制保障，特别采取了预防灾害的措施。这些努力大大减少了因自然灾害而死亡或失踪的人数。下降趋势仍在继续，近年来已降至每年100至200人。）”由此可以推知，作者在本段想告诉我们日本应对自然灾害的措施发挥了很大作用。故选D项。
（二）
35．C
36．D
37．C
38．B
39．D
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了建筑师Douglas Cardinal，他从大自然中汲取灵感、喜欢曲线而不是直线，创作与自然环境相贴合的有机建筑，他的作品和观点发表在英国建筑师David Pearson的《新有机建筑：破浪》一书中。
35．
细节理解题。由第一段“When architect Douglas Cardinal was studying at the University of Texas many years ago, he used to drive to the college through the Rocky Mountains from his home Alberta, Canada. “I was inspired by those forms,” Cardinal told an American journalist. “They helped me realize architecture should come from the natural environment of a place.”(当建筑师Douglas Cardinal多年前在德克萨斯大学学习时，他曾从他家乡加拿大阿尔伯塔的洛矶山开车去学校。Cardinal告诉一位美国记者：“我受到了这些形式的启发。”“它们帮助我认识到建筑应该来自一个地方的自然环境。”)”可知，建筑师Douglas Cardinal从家乡去学校途中，路经家乡加拿大阿尔伯塔的洛矶山，受到了路上的自然景色影响，认识到建筑应该来自一个地方的自然环境，想要按照自然环境来设计建筑。故选C项。
36．
细节理解题。由第二段中的“As a key contributor to an international movement known as organic architecture, Cardinal has had his work and views presented in the book New Organic Architecture: The Breaking Wave by British architect David Pearson. (作为一个被称为有机建筑国际运动的主要贡献者，Cardinal的作品和观点发表在英国建筑师David Pearson的《新有机建筑：破浪》一书中)”可知，Cardinal是有机建筑国际运动的主要贡献者，说明他在有机建筑运动中做出了巨大的努力。故选D项。
37．
推理判断题。由第三段“For example, in New Caledonia, Italian architect Renzon Piano has designed a village inspired by native cottages and their relationship to nature. In Palm Springs, California, American architect Kendrick Bangs Kellogg has created a desert house that looks like a bird. The house is earthquake-proof (抗震的) and stores the sun's heat, letting it out at night. (例如，在新喀里多尼亚，意大利建筑师Renzon Piano设计了一个村庄，其灵感来自当地的村舍及其与自然的关系。在加利福尼亚州的棕榈泉市，美国建筑师Kendrick Bangs Kellogg建造了一座看起来像鸟的沙漠房屋。这所房子是防震的，储存着太阳的热量，在晚上释放出来)”可知，本段中列举了Pearson书中的两个建筑，第一个村庄建筑（其灵感来自当地的村舍及其与自然的关系），第二个建筑是沙漠房屋（它外形像鸟，利用自然环境存热），两个建筑都是从大自然中汲取灵感。故选C项。
38．
推理判断题。由第二段中的“As a key contributor to an international movement known as organic architecture, Cardinal has had his work and views presented in the book New Organic Architecture: The Breaking Wave by British architect David Pearson. (作为一个被称为有机建筑国际运动的主要贡献者，Cardinal的作品和观点发表在英国建筑师David Pearson的《新有机建筑：破浪》一书中)”和倒数第二段““Organic architecture is rooted in a passion for life, nature and natural forms,” Pearson writes. Its free-flowing curves and expressive forms are in agreement with the human body, mind, spirit. In a well-designed organic building, we feel better and freer. (Pearson写道：“有机建筑植根于对生命、自然和自然形式的热爱。它自由流动的曲线和表现形式与人体、心灵和精神相一致。在设计良好的有机建筑中，我们感觉更好、更自由。”)”可知，Cardinal的作品和观点发表在英国建筑师David Pearson的一书中，可得出Pearson书中的观点“有机建筑是自然和人体、心灵、精神的统一”即是Cardinal赞同的观点，因此可推断出Cardinal认为有机建筑是将人性与自然相结合的一种建筑设计理念。故选B项。
39．
主旨大意题。通读全文可知，第一二段介绍了建筑师Douglas Cardinal，他从大自然中汲取灵感、喜欢曲线而不是直线，创作与自然环境相贴合的有机建筑，他的作品和观点发表在英国建筑师David Pearson的《新有机建筑：破浪》一书中，第三四五段通过David Pearson书中相关内容反映Douglas Cardinal将人性与自然相结合的有机建筑设计理念，最后一段强调Douglas Cardinal的有机建筑设计理念，文章主要介绍Douglas Cardinal和他的有机建筑，D项“Cardinal和他的有机建筑”符合文意。故选D项。
（三）
40．B
41．A
42．C
43．D
【分析】
这是一篇记叙文。文章主要描述了作者的家乡所发生的一些自然灾害事件。
40．
细节理解题。根据第二段中“However, sometimes spring floods happen in low areas of my town.(然而，有时春天的洪水发生在我们镇的低洼地区)”可知，作者所在的小镇的春天有时会发生洪水。故选B。
41．
细节理解题。根据第三段中“Even though some trees or other plants might be uprooted or destroyed, people actually don't pay a lot of attention to these disasters because they don't occur very often.(即使一些树木或其他植物可能被连根拔起或摧毁，人们实际上并不太关注这些灾难，因为它们并不经常发生)”可知，人们很少注意到夏天的暴雨或冰雹因为它们在城里不常见。故选A。
42．
推理判断题。根据第四段中“Schools were closed on that day, but children weren't anxious about it. They really enjoyed the snow mountains outdoors.(那天学校停课，但孩子们并不担心。他们真的很喜欢户外的雪山)”可推知，孩子们对冬天的暴风雪感到激动。故选C。
43．
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“I had to ask people in the street to help me to push the car out of the snow.(我不得不请街上的人帮我把车从雪地里推出来)”可推知，镇上的人愿意帮助别人。故选D。

Part 4 读后续写
Yumi saw a large tree just ahead. An idea flashed across her mind. She and Mei were both good at climbing trees. And the large tree was strong enough to stay up in the flood. “Mei, climb it up. I will follow.” Yumi ordered. Without difficulty, they were soon on top of the tree, where they found the ground already covered with rushing waters. And far below the valley their cabins had been swallowed by the currents.
In a short time the flood water began to go down. It was then that Yumi felt cold and hungry. Yumi no longer wanted to be an only child now. Instead of coming down the tree, the two sisters cheered up each other and took turns to shout loud up there for they knew clearly the loud shouts would bring their parents to their side. Incredibly, it worked. When they met, they hugged tightly and shed happy tears. Mom and Dad praised their kids’ wise behavior. They lost their home, but they were alive. After all, to be alive is most important of all.
【分析】
本文以事件发展过程为线索，讲述了姐妹二人在父母外出去城里期间，两人待在绿谷的小屋等待父母回来。期间，姐姐生气因为妹妹的原因，自己不能和父母一起出去，打开收音机听广播。广播中响起播音员的警示声音：绿谷有可能发生山洪暴发，大坝随时可能坍塌。绿谷的居民应该马上移动到高处。之后当收音机再次响起大坝已经破裂。绿谷的所有人都必须马上撤到高地的声音时，姐姐抓住妹妹的胳膊，把她拉到外面开始撤离。
【详解】
1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“Yumi 看到前面有棵大树。”可知，第一段可描写Yumi和妹妹一起爬到树上来躲避洪水。
②由第二段首句内容“很快，洪水开始冲下来。”可知，第二段可描写Yumi和妹妹在看到洪水的过程中，两人相互鼓励并大喊，喊声引来父母的营救。
2.续写线索：
看到大树——冒出想法——爬上大树——洪水冲下来——姐妹相互鼓励——大喊——得到救援
3.词汇激活
行为类
①看见：catch sight of/ see/find
②想到主意：an idea hit/struck/occurred to one's mind
③爬树：climb/reach/arrive at the branch of the tree
④鼓励：encourage/inspire/push
⑤大喊：shout/yell/cry out
⑥救援：rescue/come to one's help
情绪类
①害怕：scare/fear/afraid
②.积极：positive attitude/act positively
【点睛】
[高分句型1]
Without difficulty, they were soon on top of the tree, where they found the ground already covered with rushing waters.（运用了由关系副词where引导的非限制性定语从句）
[高分句型2]
It was then that Yumi felt cold and hungry. （运用了强调句型）