专题21 科学与科学家 -备战2022高考英语单元话题”语法填空 阅读理解 读后续写“专项突破（人教版2019）

这是一份专题21 科学与科学家 -备战2022高考英语单元话题”语法填空 阅读理解 读后续写“专项突破（人教版2019），共18页。试卷主要包含了词汇激活等内容，欢迎下载使用。
专题21 科学与科学家


Part 1 语法填空
（一）
Three scientists have won the 2020 Nobel Prize in physics for their discoveries related to massive objects called black holes.
The Royal Swedish Academy of Science said Tuesday it would give half of the $ 1.1 million prize to Roger Pen-rose of Britain's University of Oxford , 1．(add) that he had used mathematics to prove that black holes were a direct result of "Albert Einstein's general theory of relativity."
Germany's Reinhard Genzel and Andrea Ghez of the United States will share the other half of the physics prize. The academy honored the two scientists "2．the discovery of a super-massive compact object at the center of our galaxy." That object was a large black hole. The physics prize celebrates 3．the Nobel Committee called "one of the most exotic objects in the universe."
Galaxies are huge systems that contain billions of stars. Black holes might exist at the center of every galaxy. Nothing, not even light, 4．escape their gravity. Time comes to a stop 5．it gets closer.
Roger Pen-rose proved that the formation of black holes was possible. His work 6．(base) heavily on Einstein's general theory of relativity. British astronomer Martin Rees noted it was Pen-rose's work 7．fueled a "renaissance" in the study of relativity. He added, Pen-rose, together with Setphen Hawking, helped support evidence for the Big Bang and black holes. "Pen-rose and Hawking are the two Individuals 8．have done more than anyone else since Einstein to deepen our knowledge of gravity," Rees said.
The first picture Genzel and Ghez got of the object was in 1995. A year later, another picture appeared to show that the stars near the center of the Milky Way were moving around
9．. A third picture led Genze and Ghez to think they had discovered it. Andrea Ghez is the fourth woman 10．(award) the Nobel Prize for physics. The others were Marie Curie in 1903, Marie Goeppert-Mayer in 1963, and Donna Strickland in 2018.

（二）
China sent up its first Mars probe(探测器) Tianwen 1 on Thursday. It is expected 11． (reach) the planet in about seven months. The mission to Mars is much 12． (hard) compared to that to the moon.
China’s Mars mission, 13． (design) for the mapping of key zones of the planet’s surface, indicates the country’s space science and technology 14． (progress) rapidly in the past years. It expresses the determination and perseverance(毅力) of the Chinese nation in looking for 15． (science) truth.
Tianwen 1 has immediately grabbed people’s attention after its launch, and 16． is reported that there’re countless discussions on topics related to spaceflight and the exploration of outer space. People’s 17． (curious) about the unknown and thirst for knowledge are 18． (obvious) aroused whenever the country makes breakthroughs in space exploration. And astronauts, scientists and engineers are becoming role models 19． more and more young people. The “Mars fever” that has been aroused shows people’s desire to know more about space, which requires more innovations(创新) to discover more about the universe 20． we live.

（三）
Tu Youyou, a committed and patient 21．(science), was born in Ningbo, China, on 30 December 1930, and22． (graduate) from Peking University Medical School in 1955. After she graduated, she worked 23． the China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Beijing. In 1967, the Chinese government formed a team of scientists with the objective of 24． (discover) a new treatment for malaria, and Tu Youyou was among the first researchers 25． (choose). In the beginning, Tu Youyou went to Hainan, where malaria was 26． (common), to study malaria patients. In 1969, she became27． head of the project in Beijing, and decided to review ancient Chinese medical texts 28． (find) traditional botanical treatments for the disease.Her team examined over 2,000 old medical texts, and evaluated 280,000 plants for their medical properties. From29． (they) research, they discovered and tested 380 distinct ancient Chinese medical treatments 30． showed promise in the fight against malaria.


Part 2 阅读理解
（一）
Women have been making scientific discoveries since ancient times. Twelve women have won the Nobel Prize for Science, one of the highest honors in the world. Some women scientists never married, some worked with their husbands, and others raised large families. It has been difficult for women to be successful scientists.
In the early 1800s in England, Mary Anning became one of the first women recognized for her discoveries about the ancient history of the earth. Mary and her father collected fossils(化石) in their village on the south coast of Great Britain. Fossils are parts of plants or animals that have been saved in rocks for millions of years.
When she was only twelve years old, Mary became the first person to find the almost complete skeletons(骨架) of several animals that no longer existed on the earth.She didn’t become famous for her discoveries at that time because she often sold her fossils to get money to support her family.
In 1891, a young Polish woman named Marie Sklodowska traveled to Paris to study physics. She did so because she could not get a college education in Poland.She began working in the laboratory of a man named Pierre Curie. Marie and Pierre Curie got married and made many discoveries together. They received the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1903 along with another scientist.Marie Curie became the first person to be awarded a second Noble Prize in 1911, this time for Chemistry. Marie Curie was one of the few women at the time who became famous as a scientist.
31．The author believes that women scientists________.
A．have more opportunities to become successful
B．can not get the highest honors in the world
C．go through difficulties to be successful
D．had better pay more attention to their families
32．Mary Anning was one of the first women to ________.
A．win the Noble Prize for Science after getting married
B．make achievements in the study of ancient earth
C．research animals and their bones
D．study the mystery of all kinds of plants
33．What can we learn about Marie Sklodowska?
A．She studied physics in Poland and got a college education.
B．She received the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1903 on her own.
C．She only got one Nobel Prize during her lifetime.
D．She made many discoveries after she got married.
34．What’s the passage mainly about?
A．Ancient discoveries. B．Women scientists.
C．Successful marriages. D．Different prizes.
（二）
Scientists have calculated (计算) temperatures on Earth’s surface during the last Ice Age. The researchers made their calculations with the help of fossilized remains of ocean plankton (海洋浮游生物化石遗迹) and models of climates tens of thousands of years ago in different parts of the world. The researchers reported their findings in the British scientific publication Nature.
The most recent Ice Age lasted from about 115,000 to 11,000 years ago. During this time, huge sheets of ice covered much of North America, South America, Europe and Asia.
“We have a lot of data about this time period because it has been studied for so long, ” said Jessica Tierney, a paleoclimatologist (古气候学家) with the University of Arizona, who helped lead the study. “But one question science has long wanted answers to is simple: How cold was the Ice Age? ”
According to the findings, the average Ice Age temperature worldwide during this period was about 7.8 degrees Celsius (摄氏温度). It was approximately 6 degrees Celsius colder than the average today.
Atmospheric carbon dioxide levels during the Ice Age were about 180 parts per million, which is very low, the researchers said. Before the Industrial Revolution of the 1800s, levels rose to about 280 parts per million. Today they are about 415 parts per million.
The researchers announced plans to use their temperature calculation methods to recreate warm periods in Earth’s history. “If we can reconstruct past warm climates, then we can start to answer important questions about how the Earth reacts to really high carbon dioxide levels...” Tierney said. This can help scientists expand their understanding of what future climate change might bring.
Tierney said that looking at information from past climates is the only way to find out what truly happens when the Earth experiences long cold or warm periods. “So, by studying them, we can better restrict what to expect in the future.”
35．This passage is most likely to be taken from _________.
A．a science magazine B．a travel website C．children’s books D．a story collection
36．What is the average world temperature today, according to the scientists’ calculations?
A．Around 8℃. B．6℃ or so. C．Roughly 7℃. D．About 14℃.
37．What can we expect of scientists’ reconstructing past warm climates in the future?
A．understanding the influences of climate change better.
B．Finding the reasons for Ice Age Earth species disappearing.
C．Reducing Earth’s atmospheric carbon dioxide levels.
D．Answering questions about “How cold was the Ice Age? ”.
38．Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A．Ice Age Temperature Calculation Methods
B．Earth’s Past Warm Climates’ Reconstruction
C．Atmospheric CO2 Levels during the Ice Age
D．Earth’s Temperatures during the Ice Age
（三）
Earlier in the COVID-19 pandemic it was vital to see doctors over online platforms like Zoom or Face Time when in-person appointments posed risks of corona virus exposure. By April 2020, one national study found that telemedicine visits already accounted for 13 percent of all medical claims compared with 0.15 percent a year earlier. COVID-19 let virtual medicine out of the bottle, but now it s time to tame it. Using it too widely or too quickly risks poorer care and higher charges in a system already infamous for big bills.
The pandemic has demonstrated that virtual medicine is great for many simple visits. But many of the new types of telemedicine being promoted by companies more clearly benefit providers and investors pockets, rather than giving patients more convenient, high-quality and cost-effective medicine. “Right now there’s a lot of focus on ideas that sound cool rather than solving problems,” said Dr. Peter Pronovost from University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center. “We know precious little about its impact on quality.”
Even so, the financial world is full of investment opportunities. In the first six months of 2020, telehealth companies raised record amounts of funding, with five new companies each raising more than $ 100 million. There are now telehealth apps that target markets like the mental health of pregnant(怀孕的) women. You can even do a digital eye appointment, and meet with your dentist virtually to monitor your oral health.
But there are things that virtual medicine can miss. One study showed that commercial telemedicine services were much more likely to suggest antibiotics(抗生素) for children’s respiratory (呼吸的) infections as a primary care doctor at an in-person visit. That' s in part because if you can’t see into the ear to observe closely, for example, the safer course is to overtreat - even though that' s contrary to giving guidelines intended to prevent antibiotic resistance. There is actually much to be solved. If we allow the market to make the choice, we risk preserving those telemedicine services that make money for providers and investors and lose those that benefit patients.
39．What does the underlined word “tame” in paragraph 1 probably mean?
A．Control. B．Test. C．See. D．Promote.
40．What is Dr. Peter Pronovost critical of?
A．A lack of cool ideas. B．The ability of investors.
C．The convenience of telemedicine. D．The effectiveness of virtual medicine.
41．How are telehealth companies probably doing?
A．They are popular with female patients.
B．They tend to invest in many other fields.
C．They are getting a significant flow of funds.
D．They mainly focus on mental health problems.
42．What problem may virtual medicine bring?
A．Patients’ overreaction.
B．Patients’ antibiotic resistance.
C．Patients’ putting off appointments.
D．Patients’ limited treatment options.


Part 3 读后续写
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写词数应为150左右。
One time, the teachers at a school wanted to teach the students about airplanes. While all airplanes can fly, some are able to fly farther than others. This is because not all airplanes are built the same. For example, a fighter plane looks very different from a plane that people fly in when they want to go on a holiday. The teachers wondered how they could make students understand this.
Then, the science teacher, Mr. Moose, decided that the school should have a paper airplane contest. Every student would design a paper airplane. They would stand in a line in the playground behind the school. The students would take turns throwing their airplanes. The student whose airplane went the farthest would win.
When Mr. Moose announced the paper airplane contest to the students, they were very excited. A student named Paul, who was on the school sports team, said to everyone else that his airplane would win. “I am the strongest,” Paul said. “So I will be able to throw my airplane the farthest.”
However, while Paul was saying this, another student, Brian, was thinking how he could win. Brian did not play any sports and was not very strong. But he loved airplanes and really wanted to win the contest.
Brian realized what he had to do. He went to the store and bought a big stack (叠) of paper. When he got home, he took the paper into his backyard. He took a piece of paper and folded an airplane. It didn’t go very far, so Brian took another piece and folded another airplane and threw it. This airplane went a little farther. Brian kept folding different kinds of airplanes and throwing them. Some went very far and some did not. Finally, when Brian had used all the paper, he walked up to the airplane that had flown the farthest and picked it up.
The next day was the contest. All the students lined up. Everyone took turns. After a while, everyone had thrown except Paul and Brian. Paul went first. With a loud yell, he threw the airplane into the sky. It went farther than every other airplane. Everyone cheered.
注意：
1.所续写短文的词数应为150左右；
2.续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好；
Paragraph 1:
Finally, it was Brian’s turn.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2:
Brian won because he tried out many solutions to the problem of how to make an airplane fly very far.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

参考答案

1．adding
2．for
3．what
4．can
5．as/when
6．was based
7．that
8．that/who
9．something
10．to be awarded
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文。介绍了三位科学家因发现了称为黑洞的大质量物体而获得2020年诺贝尔物理学奖。
1．
考查非谓语动词。句意：瑞典皇家科学院星期二表示，将把110万美元奖金的一半捐给英国牛津大学的Roger Pen rose，并补充说他曾用数学证明黑洞是“阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦的广义相对论”的直接结果。分析句子结构可知主句谓语动词是said，宾语从句谓语动词是would give，所以空格处是非谓语动词，且与主语之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词作伴随状语。故填adding。
2．
考查介词。句意：科学院因为“在我们银河系的中心发现了一个超大质量的致密天体”表彰这两位科学家。根据句型honor sb. for sth.，意为：因为某事表彰某人。故填for。
3．
考查名词性从句引导词。句意：物理学奖是为了庆祝诺贝尔委员会叫做“宇宙中最奇异的物体之一”的东西。空格处引导宾语从句且在宾语从句中作called之后的宾语，指物用what。故填what。
4．
考查情态动词。句意：任何东西，即使是光，都不能逃脱它们的引力。结合句意可知使用情态动词can，表示能够。故填can。
5．
考查连词。句意：当它变得更接近的时候，时间停止。结合句子可知考查时间状语从句，表示当……时候，用as或when。故填as/ when。
6．
考查时态和语态。句意：他的工作主要基于爱因斯坦的广义相对论。根据短语be based on，意为：以……为基础，主语His work和base之间是被动关系，根据主句判断时态是一般过去时。故填was based。
7．
考查强调句。句意：英国天文学家马丁·里斯指出，正是潘·罗斯的工作推动了相对论研究的“复兴”。分析句子可知用到强调句式“it was+被强调部分+that”。故填that。
8．
考查定语从句引导词。句意：“潘·罗斯和霍金是自爱因斯坦以来在加深我们对引力的认识方面做得最多的两个人。”。空格处引导定于从句修饰先行词the two Individuals ，且在从句中作主语，指人用that或who均可。故填that/who。
9．
考查不定代词。句意：一年后，另一张照片似乎显示银河系中心附近的恒星正在围绕某个物体运动。根据句意可知应填入不定代词something，意为：某物。故填something。
10．
考查非谓语动词。句意：安德里亚·盖兹是第四位获得诺贝尔物理学奖的女性。名词woman被序数词fourth修饰，应该用动词不定式作后置定语，the fourth woman 和动词award之间是被动关系，用动词不定式的被动式。故填to be awarded。

11．to reach
12．harder
13．designed
14．has progressed
15．scientific
16．it
17．curiosity
18．obviously
19．for
20．where
【分析】
这是一篇新闻报道。中国于周二发射了第一个火星探测器——天问一号，文章介绍了其任务和意义。
11．
考查非谓语动词。句意：天问一号预期将在约7个月后抵达火星。本句使用了短语 expect sb./sth. to do“预计某人/某物做……”的被动结构，应使用不定式。故填to reach。
12．
考查形容词比较级。句意：去火星的任务比起去月球要难很多。根据语境和空后的 compared to“和······相比”可知，此处要用形容词的比较级 harder。故填harder。
13．
考查非谓语动词。句意：中国的火星任务，旨在掌握火星表面关键地区的地图信息，表明中国的空间科技在过去这些年发展迅速。分析句子结构可知，mission 后是非限制性定语，design 与mission 是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词形式。故填designed。
14．
考查时态和主谓一致。句意：中国的火星任务，旨在掌握火星表面关键地区的地图信息，表明中国的空间科技在过去这些年发展迅速。根据句中的时间状语 in the past years 可知，indicates 后的宾语从句要用现在完成时。宾语从句的主语是 the country’s space science and technology，应视为第三人称单数，故填 has progressed。注意：此处的 progress 是动词，意为“进步，发展”。故填has progressed。
15．
考查形容词。句意：这表现了中华民族探寻科学真相的决心和毅力。本空作定语修饰名词truth，应使用science的形容词形式scientific“科学的”。故填scientific。
16．
考查形式主语。句意：天问一号发射后立即引起了人们的关注，据报道在关于太空飞行和探索外太空的话题下人们议论纷纷。根据语境可知，and后的句子是“it is/was reported＋that从句”句型，意为“据报道……”，其中it是形式主语，that从句是真正的主语。故填it。
17．
考查名词。句意：每当国家在太空探索上实现突破时，人们对未知的好奇和求知欲都明显会被激发出来。本空与后面的thirst并列作主语，应使用名词curiosity表示“好奇心”。故填curiosity。
18．
考查副词。句意：每当国家在太空探索上实现突破时，人们对未知的好奇和求知欲都明显会被激发出来。本空所填词修饰谓语动词，应该用副词obviously“显然，明显地”。故填obviously。
19．
考查介词。句意：而宇航员、科学家和工程师们正成为越来越多年轻人的榜样。此处model 应与介词for搭配，表示“对于......”。故填for。
20．
考查定语从句。句意：这场“火星热”表明人们渴望了解太空，这就需要更多的创新从而发现更多我们所在的这个宇宙的信息。分析句子结构可知，空白前句本身是定语从句，关系代词为the universe，后句中live是不及物动词，考虑定语从句中缺少地点状语，应使用关系副词where。故填where。

21．scientist
22．graduated
23．at
24．discovering
25．chosen
26．more common
27．the
28．to find
29．their
30．which/that
【分析】
本文是记叙文。文章介绍了屠呦呦的成长经历和她在疟疾疗法研究中作出的贡献。
21．
考查名词。句意：屠呦呦是一位鞠躬尽瘁且坚持不懈的科学家，于1930年12月30日出生在中国宁波，1955年毕业于北京大学医学院。结合句意，再根据空格前不定冠词a和形容词committed与patient可知，应填入单数名词scientist，作同位语，意为“科学家”。故填scientist。
22．
考查动词时态。句意：屠呦呦是一位鞠躬尽瘁且坚持不懈的科学家，于1930年12月30日出生在中国宁波，1955年毕业于北京大学医学院。分析句子可知，提示词graduate是谓语动词，其后有时间状语in 1955，所以应用一般过去时态，用过去式graduated。故填graduated。
23．
考查介词。句意：毕业后，她在北京的中国中医研究院工作。介词at可以跟表示地点或场所的名词，表示“在……学习或工作”，她在中医研究院工作，所以用work at。故填at。
24．
考查非谓语动词。句意：1967年，中国政府组建了一个科学家团队，目标是发现一种新的疟疾治疗方法，屠呦呦是首批被选中的研究人员之一。根据空格前介词of可知，应填入动名词discovering作宾语。故填discovering。
25．
考查非谓语动词。句意：1967年，中国政府组建了一个科学家团队，目标是发现一种新的疟疾治疗方法，屠呦呦是首批被选中的研究人员之一。分析句子可知，提示词choose(选择)作后置定语修饰名词researchers，是非谓语动词，与其逻辑主语researchers之间是被动关系，且“choose”这一动作已经完成，所以应用过去分词，表示被动和完成。故填chosen。
26．
考查形容词比较级。句意：起初，屠呦呦去了疟疾比较常见的海南，研究疟疾患者。屠呦呦从北京转到海南去研究疟疾，结合常识可推知，应该是海南有更利于研究的条件，结合句意可知，这一条件应该是“在海南疟疾更常见”，句中含有比较级关系，所以提示词common应用比较级more common。故填more common。
27．
考查冠词。句意：1969年，她成为这个项目在北京的负责人，并决定查阅中国古代医学文献，寻找治疗这种疾病的传统植物疗法。根据句意可知，句中head(负责人)指“北京项目的负责人”，是特指，应使用定冠词the修饰。故填the。
28．
考查非谓语动词。句意：1969年，她成为这个项目在北京的负责人，并决定查阅中国古代医学文献，寻找治疗这种疾病的传统植物疗法。分析句子可知，提示词find是非谓语动词，与其逻辑主语she之间是主动关系，且“(find) traditional botanical treatments for the disease ”是“decided to review ancient Chinese medical texts”的目的，所以应使用动词不定式作目的状语。故填to find。
29．
考查代词。句意：在他们的研究中，他们发现并测试了380种不同的，在对抗疟疾方面展示出了希望的中国古代医学疗法。根据句意可知，they在句中作定语 ，修饰名词research，应使用形容性物主代词their，表示“他们的”。故填their。
30．
考查定语从句。句意：在他们的研究中，他们发现并测试了380种不同的，在对抗疟疾方面展示出了希望的中国古代医学疗法。分析句子可知，空格处为限制性定语从句，修饰先行词medical treatments，关系词代替先行词在定语从句中作主语，应使用关系代词which或that引导该定语从句。故填which/that。

31．C
32．B
33．D
34．B
【分析】
这是一篇记叙文。讲述了女科学家的事迹。
31．
细节理解题。根据第一段中“Some women scientists never married, some worked with their husbands, and others raised large families. It has been difficult for women to be successful scientists. (一些女科学家从未结婚，一些与丈夫一起工作，还有一些养育了大家庭。对于女性来说成为成功的科学家是经历了困难的。)”可知，作者认为女性科学家经历了许多困难才能获得成功。故选C项。
32．
细节理解题。根据第二段中“In the early 1800s in England, Mary Anning became one of the first women recognized for her discoveries about the ancient history of the earth. (在19世纪早期的英国， Mary Anning成为第一批因发现地球古代历史而被认可的女性之一。)”可知，Mary Anning是在古代地球研究方面取得成就的女性之一。故选B项。
33．
推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Marie and Pierre Curie got married and made many discoveries together. (Marie和Pierre Curie结婚了，并共同做出了许多发现。)”可以推知，Marie Sklodowska结婚后有许多科学发现。故选D项。
34．
主旨大意题。通读全文，根据第一段“Women have been making scientific discoveries since ancient times. Twelve women have won the Nobel Prize for Science, one of the highest honors in the world. (自古以来，妇女就有科学发现。12名女性获得了诺贝尔科学奖，这是世界上最高的荣誉之一。)”以及后文两个著名的女科学家的事迹可知，本文主要讲述了女科学家的事迹。故选B项。

35．A
36．D
37．A
38．D
【分析】
本文是说明文。文章介绍了科学家已经计算出了上一个冰河时期地球表面的温度以及这一研究的现实意义。
35．
推理判断题。通读全文并结合第一段“The researchers reported their findings in the British scientific publication Nature. (研究人员在英国科学杂志《自然》上发表了他们的发现)”可知，文章主要介绍通过长时间的研究，科学家已经计算出了上一个冰河时代地球表面的温度，其相关研究成果发表在英国科学出版物《自然》上。由此推知，本文的话题属于科学研究范畴，很可能出自科学杂志。故选A项。
36．
细节理解题。根据第四段“According to the findings, the average Ice Age temperature worldwide during this period was about 7.8 degrees Celsius (摄氏温度). It was approximately 6 degrees Celsius colder than the average today. (研究发现，冰河期全球平均温度约7.8摄氏度。比今天的平均温度低6摄氏度) ”可知，今天世界平均温度为7.8+6=13.8摄氏度，大约14摄氏度。故选D项。
37．
细节理解题。根据第六段“If we can reconstruct past warm climates, then we can start to answer important questions about how the Earth reacts to really high carbon dioxide levels...(如果我们能重建过去的温暖气候，那么我们就能开始回答一些重要的问题，比如地球对真正高水平的二氧化碳有何反应) ”和“This can help scientists expand their understanding of what future climate change might bring.(这可以帮助科学家提升他们对未来气候变化可能带来的影响的理解)”可知，重建过去的温暖气候可以帮助科学家更好地了解气候变化可能带来的影响。故选A项。
38．
主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍科学家已经计算出了上一个冰河时期地球表面的温度以及这一研究的现实意义，D项“Earth’s Temperatures during the Ice Age (冰河时代的地球温度)”是研究的结果，也是全文展开的基础，是最佳标题。故选D项。

39．A
40．D
41．C
42．B
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是远程医疗服务的优点和缺点。
39．
词句猜测题。根据第一段的“Using it too widely or too quickly risks poorer care and higher charges in a system already infamous for big bills.（过于广泛或过快地使用远程医疗，可能会导致医疗服务质量下降，医保系统本来就因巨额账单而臭名昭著，医保费用也会增加。）”可知，因为过于广泛或过快地使用远程医疗有句中所描述的缺点，因此是时候控制它了，因此划线词tame的意思是 “控制”，即Control，故选A。
40．
细节理解题。根据第二段的““Right now there’s a lot of focus on ideas that sound cool rather than solving problems,” said Dr. Peter Pronovost from University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center. “We know precious little about its impact on quality.”（克利夫兰大学医院医学中心的彼得·普罗诺沃斯特博士说:“现在有很多人关注的是听起来很酷的想法，而不是解决问题。”“我们对它对质量的影响知之甚少。”）”可知，Dr. Peter Pronovost批评的是虚拟医学的有效性，即The effectiveness of virtual medicine，故选D。
41．
细节理解题。根据第三段的“In the first six months of 2020, telehealth companies raised record amounts of funding, with five new companies each raising more than $ 100 million.（在2020年前6个月，远程医疗公司筹集了创纪录的资金，5家新公司都筹集了超过1亿美元的资金。 ）”可知，远程医疗公司正在获得大量资金流动，故选C。
42．
推理判断题。根据最后一段的“That' s in part because if you can’t see into the ear to observe closely, for example, the safer course is to overtreat - even though that' s contrary to giving guidelines intended to prevent antibiotic resistance.（这在一定程度上是因为，例如，如果你不能看到耳朵内部以进行仔细观察，更安全的做法是过度治疗——尽管这与给出旨在防止抗生素耐药性的指导方针背道而驰。）”可知，虚拟医学带来了病人的抗生素耐药性。故选B。
43．Finally, it was Brian's turn. Brian took the airplane that he had picked up the day before. He walked up to the line and, with all his strength, he threw the plane. It went flying farther and farther, until finally it landed -- 10 feet past Paul's plane! The whole school cheered. Brian won the contest. He jumped with joy. His friends and parents were delighted at his winning the game. Mr Moose gave him a prize, which was a toy airplane. He liked the prize very much and showed it to all his friends.
Brian won because he tried out many solutions to the problem of how to make an airplane fly very far. He did this by testing out many different designs and comparing the results. His father helped him. They searched on the Internet for different designs and even studied the principles why an airplane could fly. When he found the design that worked best - the paper airplane that flew the farthest -he used it. Because Brian tried a lot of designs, he was able to make up for his lack of strength and beat Paul.
【分析】
本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了一所学校的老师们想教学生有关飞机的知识，因此科学老师Mr Moose组织了一个纸飞机比赛，谁的纸飞机飞得最远谁就赢得比赛；听到这个消息后，学生Paul认为自己身体强壮，扔纸飞机会飞得远而会赢得比赛，另一个学生Brian想赢得比赛，但他身体不强壮，因此买了很多纸回家折各种各样的纸飞机，期望能折出飞的最远的纸飞机，第二天比赛，Paul的纸飞机比其他学生的飞得更远。
【详解】
1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“最后，轮到布莱恩了。”可知，第一段可描写Brian拿出了自己折叠的飞的最远的纸飞机赢得了比赛并获得了奖品等内容。
②由第二段首句内容“布莱恩赢了，因为他尝试了许多方法来解决如何让飞机飞得很远的问题。”可知，第二段可描写Brian通过自己对如何使纸飞机飞得远的研究，找到了纸飞机最有效的设计，从而弥补自己的力量不足并击败了保罗。
2.续写线索：扔飞机——着陆——颁奖——测试
3.词汇激活
行为类
①扔飞机：threw the plane/cast the plane
②着陆：land/touch down
③颁奖：give sb. a prize/award sb. a prize
④测试：test/try out
情绪类
①欢呼：cheer/hail
②欣喜若狂：jumped with joy/be mad with joy
【点睛】
[高分句型1]Brian took the airplane that he had picked up the day before.（由连接词that引导的定语从句）
[高分句型2]When he found the design that worked best - the paper airplane that flew the farthest -he used it. （由关系代词that引导的定语从句）