训练01 Book3 Unit1 Knowing me, knowing you-2022年高考英语一轮复习小题多维练（外研版2019)

这是一份训练01 Book3 Unit1 Knowing me, knowing you-2022年高考英语一轮复习小题多维练（外研版2019)，文件包含训练01Book3Unit1Knowingmeknowingyou解析版-2022年高考英语一轮复习小题多维练外研版2019doc、训练01Book3Unit1Knowingmeknowingyou原卷版-2022年高考英语一轮复习小题多维练外研版2019doc等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共25页， 欢迎下载使用。
外研版2019必修三
狂刷01 Unit 1 Knowing me, knowing you

一．单句语法填空
1. The owner fastened the belt __________ (loose) around the pet dog’s neck.
2. He took a deep _______ (breathe) and continued with his training.
3. Many people were _______ (concern) about their physical health at the beginning of the pandemic. 
4. It is my fault ________ (let) off steam in the discussion.
5. Remember to review what you have learnt, or you’ll be _____ a mess when exams come.
6. ________ (approach) in a correct way, the problem can easily be under control.
7. I’m writing to make an _______ (apologize) for the poor service in our restaurant.
8. You must be sure _______ (follow) the doctor’s advice on how to take the medicine. 
9. The person _______ the girl turned to for help was my neighbor.
10. It is __________(understand) for Chinese parents to push their children to study in such a competitive society.
【答案】
1-5 loosely breath concerned to let in
6-10 Approached apology to follow whom understandable

二．选词并用其适当的形式填空。
let down; let off steam; help out ; pull one’s weight; ; in a mess;
be angry with; be sure to (do) ; apologize to; fit in with; move on;
1. After reaching the top of this mountain, they decided to_______ to another.
2. People wonder if the new player will_________ our team next season.
3. The film star said that she would work hard and wouldn’t  ______ her fans and family.
4. You can  _________ and talk about your troubles in a right way than to depress yourself.
5. The tasks were so difficult that we soon needed someone to_________.
6. We shall succeed in this business only if everyone ___________ in their own positions.
7. Unless we plan ahead before starting the research, we are going to be___________.
8. Most parents will  __________their children if they don’t pass the  exam.
9. You are supposed to __________ your boss for being late for the meeting.
10. When you choose to go mountain climbing , ________ do a good job in safety measure.
【答案】
1-5
move on
fit in with
let down
let off steam
help out
6-10
pull their weight
in a mess
be angry with
apologize to
be sure to
三．语法填空
When I left for the United States to study, I had butterflies in my stomach. I was nervous because I was going to 1. 　　　　　 new place with new people and new customs. I couldn’t even understand 2. (they) language. Everything was different 3. my own country. There was nobody that I could talk to. I just had my husband,4. 　　　　　 was a new person for me, too.  
It was a sad moment when I had to say goodbye to my family and friends. I didn’t want 5. (leave) my hometown because I grew up there and had wonderful 6. (memory) of the place. So,7. (think) about all these changes made me nervous and I was 8. 　　　　　 (worry) about my new life. But studying abroad was a 9. 　　　　　(decide) that I made myself. I had to continue and accept the challenge. I looked forward to 10. (visit) my family in the summer vacation.  
【答案与解析】 本文是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了初到美国学习的感受和经历。
1.a　考查不定冠词。句意:我很紧张,因为我要去一个新地方,那有新的人和新的习俗。此处指去一个新地方,表示数量“一”,此处表示泛指,且new的首字母发音为辅音音素,所以应填冠词a。
2.their　考查形容词性物主代词。句意:我甚至听不懂他们的语言。此处修饰名词language指“他们的语言”。
3.from　考查固定词组。句意:一切都不同于我自己的国家。be different from...“和……不同”,此处指遇到的一切和自己的国家都不同。
4.who　考查非限制性定语从句。句中包含定语从句,先行词是husband指人,在定语从句中作主语。
5.to leave　考查不定式。句意:我不想离开我的家乡。want to do sth.“想要做某事”。
6.memories　考查名词复数。句意:对那个地方有着美好的回忆。memory是可数名词,此处指“极好的记忆”用复数。
7.thinking　考查动名词做主语。句意:想到这些变化使我很紧张……此处是动名词作主语。
8.worried　考查形容词。句意……我担心我的新生活。用于系动词was后用形容词作表语, be worried about“担心”。
9.decision　考查名词。句意:但是留学是我自己做的决定。冠词修饰名词,故此处使用decide的名词形式decision。
10.visiting　考查动词短语。句意:我盼望暑假去探望我的家人。look forward to“期望”中的to是介词,后面加动词-ing形式。


一.阅读理解
A
Friends are important to children. Research shows that children who have no friends can suffer from difficulties later in life. Friendship provides children with more than just fun. In making friends, children learn how to get in touch with others and solve problems. Having friends even does good to children for they can help each other during class.
If the parents are concerned about whether their children make many friends, what matters is that the child is comfortable and happy with his friends. Parents need to understand the steps children take in building friendships. First of all, be a friend to your child. Good friendships start at home. Children begin to develop the necessary ability to go out and meet others through getting along with their parents. Greet the child warmly and let him know you are glad to see him. Children learn a lot from how their parents stay with them and other people.
Teach children how to solve conflicts. Being able to work out conflicts is an important skill in getting along with others. If parents know the children have a conflict, let them work it out on their own. Only step in if it is really necessary, for example, an argument is getting physical.
Give children chances to practice staying together. Have children play games that require cooperation. For example, races are fun and provide plenty of practice in teamwork. Encourage children to show thanks to others. The parents can encourage children to do this by setting the example for them.
（1）According to the article, if one child has no friend, he will ________.
A.have some trouble in the future
B.worry about everything in the future
C.not know the importance of making friends
D.not find anybody to help him
（2）Friendship can be helpful to the children ЕХCЕРТ________.
A.providing a lot of fun
B.getting in touch with others
C.solving the problems
D.helping to cheat in the exams
（3）When the children disagree with each other, the parents should ________.
A.let them fight with each other until they find who is the winner
B.do nothing to the children and believe in their abilities
C.let them work it out by themselves and help if necessary
D.talk with them and try to find good ways to stay together
（4）From the text we can know a good friend should know how to ________.
A.fall in love with each other
B.show thanks to others
C.exchange their presents
D.ignore their differences
【答案】 （1）A
（2）D
（3）C
（4）B
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了朋友对孩子们来说非常重要，父母应该鼓励孩子多交朋友。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并结合题目要求，从而选出正确答案。
B
    We all long for friendship, but how to make a friend? "The best time to make a friend is before you need one." Joy Steven said. The following are some tips for you.
    People equal friends
    Friends usually begin with strangers. Getting in touch with other people is the first step to make a friend. Friends can’t be made in empty air. Best friends take time to make.
    Friends understand friends
    Friends understand each other when talking. Many unpleasant personal quarrels can be avoided if you will take the time to understand others’ feelings and points of view.
    Friends touch friends
    Touching is a warm from of communication between friends. When you see best friends communicating, you will notice them stand close together, touch each other comfortably and listen to each other. Sometimes a friendly touch is more powerful than words.
    Friends praise friends
    Praise is a powerful tool to make a friend. Honest praise can affect(影响) your friends’ lives. So try to praise your friends, including your general ones.
    Friends can loyal(忠诚的) and trustworthy
    Trust and loyalty go hand in hand for friends. Friends can share secrets with you, because good friends never break confidence (信心) and are loyal forever.
（1）From Joy Steven’s words, we can conclude that ________
A. a friend in need is a friend indeed
B.it is late to make a friend when you need one
C.it is never too late to make a friend
D. everyone needs a friend in his life
（2）To make and keep many friends, you need to do the following EXCEPT ___________.
A. get in touch with people
B. understand your friends
C. praise your friends
D. quarrel with your friends
（3）The passage mainly tells us ______________.
A. how to communicate with a friend
B. when to make a friend
C. how to develop friendship
D. how to praise a friend
【答案】 （1）C
（2）D
（3）C
【解析】短文大意：我们都渴望友谊，本文就如何交朋友和发展友谊给出了一些建议。
（1）细节理解题。根据第一段中The best time to make a friend is before you need one.可知交朋友的最好时机是你需要一个朋友之前，故选C。
（2）细节理解题。根据第三段Many unpleasant personal quarrels can be avoided if you will take the time to understand others’ feelings and points of view可知我们压迫避免和朋友争吵，故选D。
（3）主旨大意题。根据文章第一段和下面的小标题可知，文章是在告诉我们怎样交朋友和发展友谊，故选C。
【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节题和主旨大意题，细节理解题要注意从文中寻找答案；主旨大意题需要通读全文，了解大意之后找出中心思想。

二．完形填空
About a month ago, while in the drive through at Starbucks，I noticed a woman in a car behind me who appeared to be having a bad day. There were two kids in the back who seemed to have too much 1 at 8 am on a Sunday morning, because they were shouting loudly. The 2 moved slowly and at one point while I was pulling the car forward, the sad woman behind me 3 my car. I could tell this 4 her. The entire time that I waited in line for my coffee this woman didn’t 5 ．
Looking back at her I could tell she was wondering “Why me? Why today?” When I 6 up and paid for my coffee I requested that the barista(咖啡吧员) of Starbucks give the woman behind me a smile card and paid for her coffee.
Just 30 minutes ago I was again 7 in line at Starbucks. I heard a slam of a car door but thought nothing of it. I was 8 when the same woman came up to my driver’s side window. She 9 me a twenty­dollar bill and the same smile card I had given to her. She smiled and said,“These are for you. You are the 10 one who gave these to me 11 , right? All I need you to do is ask the barista to give the 12 back to me. ”It was amazing！It was as if this woman had been waiting to show her 13 for what I had done!
When she got back into her 14 today she was all smiles. I could tell she had the same feeling as I had on that early Sunday morning. It was nice to have my coffee paid for, but what made me feel even better was seeing the happiness and smile on her face.
As I pulled out of the drive­thru，she waved and yelled out，“Have a 15 day！”I yelled back “You too！”and waved her goodbye.
1．A.force B．strength
C．power D．energy
2．A.line B．time
C．sun D．bus
3．A.knocked B．touched
C．kicked D．watched
4．A.excited B．calmed
C．worried D．entertained
5．A.apologise B．smile
C．complain D．bother
6．A.pulled B．looked
C．turned D．walked
7．A.standing B．waiting
C．parking D．pacing
8．A.amused B．confused
C．disappointed D．shocked
9．A.handed B．owed
C．presented D．asked
10．A.clever B．kind
C．honest D．modest
11．A.privately B．secretly
C．originally D．totally
12．A.card B．change
C．bill D．coffee
13．A.consideration B．respect
C．desire D．appreciation
14．A.office B．home
C．car D．room
15．A.free B．quiet
C．regular D．good
【解题导语】　本文是一篇记叙文。有时候我们的一个小小善举不仅能给别人带来快乐，也能使自己快乐。
1D　解析：根据下文的“they were shouting loudly”可知，这些孩子在大喊大叫，所以此处指他们精力充沛，故选D，意为“精力”。A项意为“力量，武力”；B项意为“力气，强项”；C项意为“权利，能量”。
2A　解析：根据语境以及下文中的“I waited in line for my coffee...”可知，作者在“排队”买咖啡。故选A。
3A　解析：根据第一句中“drive through”以及本句中“while I was pulling the car forward”可知，是开车排队等候的，所以此处指这位悲伤的女人撞到了作者的车，故选A，意为“撞，碰”。B项意为“接触，联系”；C项意为“踢”；D项意为“观看”。
4C　解析：根据故事情景和常识可知，当撞了别人的车时，会很“担心”，故选C。A项意为“使兴奋”；B项意为“使镇定”；D项意为“使快乐，款待”。
5B　解析：根据第二段最后一句“...give the woman behind me a smile card”可知，作者此处强调这个女人一直不“开心”，故选B。A项意为“道歉”；C项意为“抱怨”；D项意为“使烦恼”。
6A　解析：根据下文“and paid for my coffee”可知，此处指作者将车停下来付款，故选A，pull up意为“使停下，减速”。
7B　解析：根据上文“I waited in line for my coffee”以及此空前的“again”可知，此处指作者“再次”开车排队买咖啡，故选B。A项意为“站立”；C项意为“停车”；D项意为“踱步，散步”。
8D　解析：根据上文“but thought nothing of it”可知，作者没有想到是这个女人，所以感到出乎意料，故选D，意为“吃惊的”。A项意为“愉快的”；B项意为“困惑的”；C项意为“失望的”。
9A　解析：根据下句中的“These are for you.”可知，她将这些东西递给了作者，故选A。B项意为“欠，归功于”；C项意为“呈现，介绍”；D项意为“要求”。
10B　解析：根据这个女人心情的转变可知，她应对作者表示感激，故选B，意为“好心的”。
11C　解析：句意：你就是当时给我这些东西的那个好人，对吗？根据上文可知，作者并不是秘密地或私底下给这位女士的。因此可推知此处是表示“当时，原来”的意思，故选C，意为“当初，原来，原始地”。A项意为“私下地”；B项意为“秘密地”；D项意为“完全地”。
12B　解析：根据下文“It was nice to have my coffee paid for”可知，这位女士替作者买了单。故此处指她间接地表示要替作者买单的意思。由此句意：我需要你做的是让咖啡吧员把零钱找给我。故选B，意为“零钱”。
13D　解析：根据上文女士所说的话可知，她想表达对作者的感激，故选D，意为“感谢，欣赏”。A项意为“考虑”；B项意为“尊敬”；C项意为“渴望”。
14C　解析：根据故事发生的场合以及上文中的“I heard a slam of a car door...when the same woman came up to my driver’s side window.”可知，这位女士下车来到作者车窗前。由此可知，此处指她回到她的“车”中，故选C。
15D　解析：此处与上文照应。最初这位女士满脸的不高兴，后来作者的善意举动改变了她的心情，使她变得快乐起来。由此可知，此处是强调“过得快乐、高兴”的意思，故选D。
三．语法填空
阅读下面材料，在题后空白处填入适当的内容（每空一词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
A man and his friend were walking through the desert. During the trip they had an 1________ (argue), and the man hit his friend in 2________face. His friend was hurt, but without 3________ (say) anything, he wrote in the sand, "Today my best friend hit me."
They kept on 4________ (walk) until they found a lake, 5________ they decided to take a bath. The man’s friend fell into the lake and was in a 6________ (danger) situation, but the man saved him 7________ (immediate). After he came back 8________ life, he wrote on a stone："Today my best friend saved my life."
The man who had hit and saved his best friend asked, "When I hurt you, you wrote in the sand and now, you wrote on a stone. Why?" His friend 9________ (reply),"When someone hurts us, we should write it down in the sand where wind can blow it away. 10________, when someone does something good for us, we must write it down in the stone where it can last forever."
III
【答案】 argument；the；saying；walking；where；dangerous；immediately；to；replied；However
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，一个人和朋友在沙漠中穿行，两人之前发生了争论，这个人打了他的朋友，他的朋友受伤了，但他什么也没说，只是在沙子上写道：“今天我最好的朋友打了我。”他们继续走发现了一个湖，朋友掉到湖里，他把朋友救出来。朋友苏醒过来后，在石头上刻下：“今天我最好的朋友救了我的命。”朋友告诉了他这么做的原因。
（1）考查名词。句意：在旅途中，他们发生了争吵，那个人打了他朋友的脸。根据上文an可知应填名词argument，表示“争论”。故填argument。
（2）考查冠词。hit sb. in the face固定短语，“打某人的脸”，故填the。
（3）考查非谓语动词。上文without是介词，后跟动名词作宾语。故填saying。
（4）考查非谓语动词。句意：他们继续走，直到发现了一个湖，他们决定在那里洗个澡。keep on doing固定短语，“继续做.....”，故填walking。
（5）考查定语从句。此处为非限制性定语从句修饰先行词a lake，且先行词在从句中作地点状语，故应用关系副词where。故填where。
（6）考查形容词。修饰下文名词situation应用形容词，作定语，表示“危险的”。故填dangerous。
（7）考查副词。修饰动词save应用副词，作状语。故填immediately。
（8）考查介词。句意：他苏醒过来后，在石头上刻下：“今天我最好的朋友救了我的命。”come back to life固定短语，“苏醒过来”，故填to。
（9）考查时态。事情发生在过去故应用一般过去时，故填replied。
（10）考查副词。句意：然而，当有人为我们做了好事，我们必须把它写在石头上，它可以永远持续下去。根据前后句的逻辑关系是转折关系，并且有逗号与后面隔开，应用however，句首单词首字母要大写。故填However。

一．语法填空
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(一个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
    As is known to all, everyone needs a friend. However, there are times ________ you want to know how to make friends. Here are some suggestions for you!
    ________ (spend) more time around people. If you just sit there alone, the possibility that friends might come to you is much ________ (small).Remember, friends rarely come knocking on you door when you sit at home ________ (play) on your laptop.
    Join an organization. It is the best way ________ (meet) new people. You don’t need to have a lot in common with others so as to make friends with them. You just need to find a place where you can find someone who is ________ (interest) in the same hobby as you happen to have.
    Be friendly and loyal to a friend. We ________(hear) of fair-weather friends before. They are those who are happy to be round you when things are going well, ________ are nowhere to be found when you are in trouble. Try to be ________ real friend when your friend really needs you. It will make some ________ (different) to both you and your friend.
【答案】 when；Spend；smaller；playing；to meet；interested；have heard；but；a；difference
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了怎样交朋友的几点建议。
（1）考查定语从句。句意：有些时候你想知道如何交朋友。句中包含定语从句，先行词是times，在定语从句中作时间状语，表示在那些时候，用关系副词when 引导，故填when。
（2）考查祈使句。此处是小标题，与下文小标题并列，是祈使句。故用动词原形，填Spend。
（3）考查形容词。句意：如果你只是一个人坐在那里，朋友来找你的可能性就小得多。此处含有比较的意思，且much表程度修饰比较级，故填smaller。
（4）考查非谓语动词。从句中已有谓语sit，此处用非谓语动词。主语you和动词play是主动关系，现在分词作状语，故填playing。
（5）考查非谓语动词。句中it是形式主语，后面用不定式做真正主语，故填to meet。
（6）考查形容词。系动词is后用形容词作表语，who指人，用-ed结尾的形容词。be interested in固定短语，“对……感兴趣”，故填interested。
（7）考查时态。句意：我们以前听说过酒肉朋友。根据before可知是过去发生的事对现在的影响，用现在完成时。故填have heard。
（8）考查连词。句意：他们是那些在你一切顺利时乐意在你身边的人，而当你遇到麻烦时，他们却无处可寻。前后句是转折关系，故填but。
（9）考查冠词。句中friend是单数可数名词，此处表示“一个真正的朋友”，故填a。
（10）考查名词。此处作make的宾语用名词，make some difference 固定短语，“有影响，有区别”，故填difference。
【点评】本题考点涉及定语从句，祈使句，形容词，非谓语动词，时态，连词以及冠词等多个知识点的考查，是一篇生活类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。
二．完形填空
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中。
    Having a friend who is bright can do you good in many ways.
    A bright friend can share your problems and help you 1  them properly. Are you overwhelmed? He can show you the order to 2  them on schedule. Are you having problems with someone? Tell him and he will find the best way to 3  both you and your friend. Let’s imagine you were stuck in an elevator. You might be very 4 and not know how to get out of it.
    The situation could change 5  if you had a bright friend beside you. He could help you keep calm and quickly find a way to 6  you.
    A bright friend is also a good 7  for you to learn from. In fact, you can get many interesting and 8 things from a knowledgeable friend. You can better yourself by 9  his unique way of thinking and handling things. 1 have a bright friend who can solve problems in a way that I could never 10 . Having had him as my close friend for ages, I have learnt so many things from him that may 11  me much in my life. He has taught me many ways of solving problems, and even 12 unchangeable situations in some bright ways.
    Indeed, having a bright friend can give you the 13 to keep on trying to be his equal. This makes you 14 in some positive ways. You may have thought, "Why can he do that and not me?" And so you will try your best to be as 15  as your friend. You then will change your 16 way of thinking and doing things, becoming open-minded to learn new things and develop your true 17 .
    All of these 18  things a bright friend brings to you can of course be the 19  a long-lasting friendship. However, friendship 20  a thorough and mutual understanding. So, you should also make every effort to make it last forever.
1. A. allocate
B. enquire
C. address
D. identify
2. A. postpone
B. accumulate
C. finish
D. decline
3. A. reform
B. settle
C. answer
D. satisfy
4. A. upset
B. clumsy
C. delicate
D. exhausted
5. A. frequently
B. considerably
C. practically
D. unexpectedly
6. A. adjust
B. trap
C. reward
D. rescue
7. A. example
B. expert
C. follower
D. leader
8. A. additional
B. unsure
C. useful
D. creative
9. A. accepting
B. learning
C. imagining
D. approaching
10. A. give up
B. get across
C. believe in
D. think of
11. A. impress
B. assist
C. attract
D. amaze
12. A. changing
B. considering
C. continuing
D. undertaking
13. A. excuse
B. permission
C. responsibility
D. motivation
14. A. competitive
B. committed
C. ambitious
D. courageous
15. A. energetic
B. sensitive
C. excellent
D. essential
16. A. independent
B. narrow
C. casual
D. liberal
17. A. potentials
B. acknowledgment
C. success
D. purpose
18. A. logical
B. superior
C. adventurous
D. wonderful
19. A. desire
B. basis
C. tool
D. cure
20. A. allows
B. offers
C. requires
D. reflects
【答案】 （1）C；（2）C；（3）D；（4）A；（5）B；（6）D；（7）A；（8）C；（9）B；（10）D；（11）B；（12）A；（13）D；（14）A；（15）C；（16）B；（17）A；（18）D；（19）B；（20）C；
【解析】本文是一篇议论文，论述了聪明的朋友在很多方面对我们有好处，他可以教会我们独特且有用的思维和处事方式，也会成为我们提升自己的动力。友谊是建立在一个彻底的相互理解的基础上，所以我们要努力让友谊可以持续下去。
（1）考查动词。句意：一个聪明的朋友会和你分享你的问题，并且帮助你妥善处理它们。A. allocate“分配”；B. enquire“询问”；C. address“处理，设法解决”；D. identify“识别”。根据上文的“Having a friend who is bright can do you good in many ways.”可知拥有一个聪明的朋友在很多方面对你都有好处，故此处用“帮过你妥善解决问题”符合语境，这是拥有一个聪明朋友的好处之一，选C。
（2）考查动词。句意：他可以教你按照日程表上的顺序来完成他们。A. postpone“推迟”；B. accumulate“积累”；C. finish“完成”；D. decline“谢绝，下降。根据语境可知，此处是指按计划完成事情，故选C。
（3）考查动词。句意：告诉他，他会找到最好的方式，让你和朋友都满意。A. reform“改革”；B. settle“解决”；C. answer“回答”；D. satisfy“使满意”。根据空前可知，此处是指聪明朋友的解决方法能让产生问题的双方都感到满意，故选D。
（4）考查形容词。句意：你可能很沮丧，不知道如何出来。A. upset“沮丧的”；B. clumsy“笨拙的”；C. delicate“精美的，纤弱的”；D. exhausted“疲惫的”。根据上文的“Let’s imagine you were stuck in an elevator.”可知作者让我们想象自己被困在电梯的情况，故选A。
（5）考查副词。句意：如果身边有一个聪明的朋友，情况就会大有不同。A. frequently“频繁地”；B. considerably“相当地，非常地”；C. practically“实际地”；D. unexpectedly“意想不到地”。根据下文的“He could help you keep calm and quickly find a way to___6___ you.”可知聪明朋友可以帮你保持冷静，而且迅速找到方法，故选B。
（6）考查动词。句意：他能够帮你保持冷静，而且迅速找到救援方法。A. adjust“调整，校对”；B. trap“陷入，困住”；C. reward“回报”；D. rescue“营救”。根据上文的“Let’s imagine you were stuck in an elevator.”可知故选D。
（7）考查名词。句意：一个聪明的朋友也是一个你可以学习的好榜样。A. example“榜样”；B. expert“专家”；C. follower“随从”；D. leader“领导”。根据下文的“for you to learn from”可推测此处用“榜样”符合语境，故选A。
（8）考查形容词。句意：事实上你可以从一个知识渊博的朋友那儿学到很多有趣和有用的东西。A. additional“附加的”；B. unsure“不确定的”；C. useful“有用的”；D. creative“有创造性的”。根据“interesting and”判断此处用“有用的”符合语境，故选C。
（9）考查动词。句意：你可以通过学习他独特的思维和处事方式来提高自己。A. accepting“接受”；B. learning“学习”；C. imagining“想象”；D. approaching“接近”。根据上文的“A bright friend is also a good ___7___ for you to learn from.”可知此处用“学习”符合语境，learn是原词复现，故选B。
（10）考查动词短语。句意：我有一个聪明的朋友，他解决问题的方式我从来都想不到。A. give up“放弃”；B. get across“理解”；C. believe in“信任”；D. think of“想到”。根据上文的“his unique way of thinking and handling things.”可知有的聪明人的处事方式很特别，是常人想不到的，故选D。
（11）考查动词。句意：和他做了很多年好朋友，我从他那儿学到了很多东西，这些东西可能在我的生活中有很大帮助。A. impress“使印象深刻”；B. assist“协助”；C. attract“吸引”；D. amaze“使震惊”。根据下文的“He has taught me many ways of solving problems”可知朋友教会了作者解决问题的方法，故推测从朋友那儿学的东西会对作者有帮助，故选B。
（12）考查动词。句意：他教了我很多解决问题的方式，甚至用一些聪明的方法改变了不可改变的状况。A. changing“改变”；B. considering“考虑”；C. continuing“继续”；D. undertaking“承担”。结合句意可知此处是指，用聪明的方法改变了不可改变的东西，且change和unchangeable是反义词复现，故选A。
（13）考查名词。句意：事实上，有一个聪明的朋友可以给你变得和他一样好的动力。A. excuse“借口”；B. permission“允许”；C. responsibility“责任”；D. motivation“动机，动力”。根据语境可知此处是指，看到别人很好自己也想变得一样好的想法，这种想法就是动力，故选D。
（14）考查形容词。句意：这让你以积极的方式变得有竞争性。A. competitive“有竞争性的”；B. committed“尽心尽力的”；C. ambitious“有抱负的”；D. courageous“勇敢的”。根据下文的“You may have thought, ‘Why can he do that and not me?’ ”可知此处用“有竞争性的”符合语境，故选A。
（15）考查形容词。句意：因此你会尽最大努力变得和朋友一样出色。A. energetic“有活力的”；B. sensitive“敏感的”；C. excellent“出色的”；D. essential“基本的”。根据上文的“a bright friend”可知此处用“出色的”符合语境，bright和excellent是同义词复现，故选C。
（16）考查动词。句意：然后你会改变自己狭隘的思维和处事方式，以开放的心态去学习新的东西和发展自己真正的潜能。A. independent“独立的”；B. narrow“狭隘的，狭窄的”；C. casual“随意的”；D. liberal“自由的”。根据下文的“becoming open-minded”可知此处用“狭隘的”符合语境，narrow和open-minded是反义词复现，故选B。
（17）考查名词。句意：然后你会改变自己狭隘的思维和处事方式，以开放的心态去学习新的东西和发展自己真正的潜能。A. potentials“潜能”；B. acknowledgment“承认”；C. success“成功”；D. purpose“目的”。根据上文的“learn new things”可知此处用“培养潜能”符合语境，故选A。
（18）考查形容词。句意：一个聪明朋友带给你的这些美好的东西当然也是一段长久友谊的基础。A. logical “逻辑的”；B. superior“优越的，先进的”；C. adventurous“冒险的”；D. wonderful“美好的”。结合上文所提到的聪明朋友所教会我们的那些独特且有用的思维和处事方式可知，此处用“美好的”符合语境，故选D。
（19）考查名词。句意：一个聪明朋友带给你的这些美好的东西当然也是一段长久友谊的基础。A. desire“欲望”；B. basis“基础”；C. tool“工具”；D. cure“治愈方法”。根据语境可知，此处是指友谊建立在互相帮助和理解的基础之上，朋友教会我们的东西就是其中一个基础，故选B。
（20）考查动词。句意：然而，友谊需要一个彻底的和相互的理解。A. allows“允许”；B. offers“提供”；C. requires“要求，需要”；D. reflects“反映，反射”。根据语境可知，此处是指友谊的基本条件，用“需要”符合语境，故选C。
【点评】本题考点涉及动词，名词，形容词，副词，固定短语等多个知识点的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析推理，从而选出正确答案。

三、任务型阅读
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
    Small talk is a good way to make friends. If you travel to other countries or have friends from abroad, do you know how to use small talk to make conversation?
    In Britain, the best topic is the weather. British weather is changing all the time. ________
    Besides weather, it’s good to talk about gardens with British. You could say "Those roses look really beautiful, don’t they?’ ________ So it’s also nice to start with "What a lovely dog! What is his name?”
    In America, people like to talk about sports news, such as American football and basketball. ________ So you might say "It’s a nice shirt! Where did you get it?" Weather is a safe topic there, too.
    ________ Don’t ask people "How old are you?" Never ask: "How much money do you make?"It makes people uncomfortable. Don’t ask strangers weather they are married. ________ There are others in our daily life.
A. English people love their pets.
B. Americans also talk about clothes.
C. Politics or religion is not a good topic.
D. Only a few topics are not used for small talk.
E. There are also a lot of topics to avoid during small talk.
F. You can start chatting by saying "It’s a lovely day today, isn’t it?"
G. Friends are important to us all, but how to make friends is a problem.
【答案】 F；A；B；E；C
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了怎样和外国人开启一个聊天的话题。
（1）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前的"In Britain, the best topic is the weather.”可知，在英国，天气是最好的话题，F. You can start chatting by saying "It’s a lovely day today, isn’t it?"“你可以这样开始聊天:"今天天气真好，不是吗?”符合语境，故选F。
（2）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空后的"So it’s also nice to start with "What a lovely dog!”可知，以"多么可爱的狗狗啊”开启一段对话也很好，A. English people love their pets.“英国人喜欢他们的宠物”符合语境，故选A。
（3）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空后的"So you might say "It’s a nice shirt! Where did you get it?"”可知，你也可以说"衬衫很不错，哪里买的？”，B. Americans also talk about clothes.“美国人也谈论服饰”符合语境，故选B。
（4）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空后的"Don’t ask people "How old are you?" Never ask: "How much money do you make?"”可知，不要问别人的年龄和薪水，E. There are also a lot of topics to avoid during small talk.“在闲聊中也有很多话题要避免”符合语境，故选E。
（5）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前的内容可知，本段举例说明聊天时要避免的话题，故C. Politics or religion is not a good topic.“政治和宗教不是一个好的话题”符合语境，故选C。
【点评】本题要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。