训练03 Book3 Unit3 The world of science -2022年高考英语一轮复习小题多维练（外研版2019)

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Ⅰ. 单句语法填空
1. In the accident 3 peple were ______________ (injure).
2. We supprt yur______________ (rigin) plan instead f this ne.
3. The dctrs say a liver transplant (肝脏移植) may be the nly cure ______________ liver failure.
4. The picture is attached ______________ the wall by a nail and tape.
5. Determinatin is ______________accunt f hw the Lng March had cme abut and ended in victry.
6. There are a number f imprvements fr the grym; ______________ instance,. yu can drink cffee in the waiting rm.
7. We read the ______________ (declare) psted n the bard and gt the news.
8. Rubber is nt a ______________ (cnduct), and neither are plastics.
9. I fund ut the true ______________ (significant) f eating a balanced diet.
10. The test can ______________ (accurate) predict when the earthquake is ging t break ut.
【答案】1-5injured
riginal
fr
t
an
6-10fr
declaratin
cnductr
significance
accurately
Ⅱ.短语填空
lead t, in terms f, as well as, start with, wrk as
1.Our English class a ppular sng every day.
2. health, we shuld develp a healthy life style.
3.I am eager t a vlunteer fr the activity in yur club.
4.As my best friend, she shares my trubles my jys.
5.As is knwn t us all, smking many diseasses.
【答案】starts with
In terms f
wrk as
as well as
leads t
right dwn t,be recgnised as,fr instance,t date,the majrity f,
be named after,be regarded as,be well knwn fr
1.When it cmes t health, peple believe that a balanced diet and exercise are necessary.
2.The city Mr Brwn,in memry f his great deeds.
3.The facial masks must be sent the peple in need as sn as pssible.
4.It is well knwn that ping-png the Natinal Ball Sprt f China.
5.Guilin its beautiful muntains and clear waters, which have attracted turists frm all ver the wrld.
6.As the leader f the medical team, Zhng Nanshan a natinal her.
7.It’s predicted that the future hme will learn abut the master’s likes and dislikes. ,it will set the heat in the huse t his favurite temperature.
8.There is n evidence t supprt this thery .
【答案】1-5 the majrity f
was named after
right dwn t
is regarded/recgnised as
is well knwn fr
6-8is recgnised/regarded as
Fr instance
t date
Ⅲ.完成句子
1.随着春天的到来,万物开始复苏。
,everything begins t cme t life.
2.汤姆发现自己被中国文化深深吸引了。
Tm finds himself .
3.就是通过不懈的努力他才取得了重大的科学发现。
he has made a great scientific discvery.
4.就自然资源来说,它是世界上最贫困的国家之一。
natural resurces,it is ne f the prest cuntries in the wrld.
5.毋庸置疑,我们有能力养活我们自己。
There is n dubt that we urselves.
【答案】
1With spring appraching
2attracted by Chinese culture
3It is by cntinuus effrts that
4In terms f
5are capable f supprting
四．语法填空
Peple cme int yur life fr a reasn, a seasn, r a lifetime. When yu figure ut ________ ne it is, yu will knw what t d fr each persn.
When smene cmes int yur life fr a reasn, it seems that they ________ (especial) cme t meet a need yu have expressed. They cme t help yu thrugh a difficulty, t prvide yu ________ advice and supprt. Then, this persn will say r d smething ________ (bring) the relatinship t an end. What we must realize ________ (be) that ur need has been met, and their wrk is dne.
When peple cme int yur life fr a seasn, they bring yu a ________ (peace) experience r make yu laugh. They may teach yu smething yu have never knwn. ________ (give) yu lts f jy is their missin. Yu may enjy ________ (yur) tgether. It is real! Hwever, they cme t yur life nly fr a seasn.
Lifetime relatinships teach yu lifetime lessns. Yur jb is t accept ________ lessns, lve the persn, and put what yu have learned t use in ther ________ (area) f yur life.
【答案】 which；especially；with；t bring；is；peaceful；T give/Giving；yurselves；the；areas
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，人们进入你的生活是为了一个理由, 一个季节, 或一辈子。当你弄清楚它是哪一个, 你会知道为每个人做些什么。
（1）考查宾语从句。分析“When yu figure ut ________ne it is, yu will knw what t d fr each persn.” 的句子结构可知, figure ut后为宾语从句, 根据句意“哪个是”可知填which。
（2）考查副词。此处副词修饰动词cme，故填especially。
（3）考查介词。prvide sb. with sth.固定短语，“给某人提供某物”，故填with。
（4）考查非谓语动词。句意：然后，这个人会说或做些什么 以结束这段关系。 不定式表示目的，故填t bring。
（5）考查时态。主语是what引导的主语从句, 谓语动词要用单数形式；且时态是一般现在时，故填is。
（6）考查形容词。提示词位于名词experience前, 冠词a之后, 可以确定此处需要一个形容词来修饰experience，故填peaceful。
（7）考查非谓语动词。分析句子“________ (give) yu lts f jy is their missin.”可知，本句中已经有谓语动词is，故可以确定此处考查give的非谓语形式。此句为动词不定式或动名词短语作主语，故填T give/Giving。
（8）考查代词。enjy neself固定短语，“玩得开心; 过得愉快”; 根据主语yu和tgether可知，此处主语是两者以上, 故用反身代词，填yurselves。
（9）考查冠词。前面已经提到过lessns, 此处再次提到, 是特指, 故用定冠词，填the。
（10）考查名词。ther后面如果是可数名词, 则要用其复数形式。故填areas。
【点评】本题考点涉及宾语从句，副词，介词，非谓语动词，时态，形容词，代词以及冠词等多个知识点的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。

1.阅读理解
A
Pacific Science Center Guide
◆Visit Pacific Science Centerˈs Stre
Dnˈt frget t stp by Pacific Science Centerˈs Stre while yu are here t pick up a wnderful science activity r suvenir t remember yur visit. The stre is lcated upstairs in Building 3 right next t the Laser Dme.
◆Hungry
Our exhibits will feed yur mind but what abut yur bdy? Our café ffers a cmplete menu f lunch and snack ptins, in additin t seasnal specials. The café is lcated upstairs in Building 1 and is pen daily until ne hur befre Pacific Science Center clses.
◆Rental Infrmatin
Lckers are available t stre any belngings during yur visit. The lckers are lcated in Building 1 near the Infrmatin Desk and in Building 3. Pushchairs and wheelchairs are available t rent at the Infrmatin Desk and Denny Way entrance. ID required.
◆Supprt Pacific Science Center
Since 1962, Pacific Science Center has been inspiring a passin fr discvery and lifelng learning in science, math and technlgy. Tday, Pacific Science Center serves mre than 1.3millin peple a year and brings inquiry-based science educatin t classrms and cmmunity events all ver Washingtn State. Itˈs an amazing accmplishment and ne we cannt achieve withut generus supprt frm individuals, crpratins, and ther scial rganizatins. Visit pacific science center.rg t find varius ways yu can supprt Pacific Science Center.
（1）Where can yu buy a suvenir at Pacific Science Center?
A.In Building 1.
B.In Building 3.
C.At the Laser Dme
D.At the Denny Way entrance.
（2）What des Pacific Science Center d fr schls?
A.Train science teachers.
B.Distribute science bks.
C.Inspire scientific research.
D.Take science t the classrm.
（3）What is the purpse f the last part f the text?
A.T encurage dnatins.
B.T advertise cming events.
C.T intrduce special exhibits.
D.T tell abut the Centerˈs histry.
1A【答案】 （1）B
（2）D
（3）A
【解析】本文是一篇应用文， 介绍了太平洋科学中心并呼吁呼吁人们找到各种各样的方式来支持太平洋科学中心。
（1）考查细节理解。根据B ◆Visit Pacific Science Centerˈs Stre部分中的“Dn't frget t stp by Pacific Science Center's Stre while yu are here t pick up a wnderful science activity r remember yur visit”提及 suvenir 和 Pacific Science Center，其后面一句为设题点指出商店的位置在Building 3．故选B。
（2）考查细节理解。根据 ◆Supprt Pacific Science Center部分中的“Tday，Pacific Science Center serves mre than 13 millin a year and bring inquiry-based science educatin t classrm and cmmunity events all ver Washingtn State．”如今，太平洋科学中心一年服务1300万多个，并将探究式科学教育带到了华盛顿州各地的课堂和社区活动中．所以选D。
（3） 考查写作意图。根据 ◆Supprt Pacific Science Center 部分中的“Itˈs an amazing accmplishment and ne we cannt achieve withut generus supprt frm individuals, crpratins, and ther scial rganizatins. ”要是没有个人、合作方和其它组织的慷慨支持的话，不能实现这样的成就．最后一句在呼吁呼吁人们找到各种各样的方式来支持太平洋科学中心，故选A。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和写作意图两个题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
B
Kids and science seem t be made fr each ther!
The basic science is a cmbinatin f thught and experiment called the scientific methd. It's where yu start with an idea, create a way t prve r disprve yur idea, and shw what yu learned based n facts. Learning t fllw this prcess helps yu think lgically (逻辑地) and carefully. These imprtant thinking skills can be used in many areas f study. T give a child practice with these thinking skills is like giving vitamins (维生素) t a develping mind.
One f the greatest things we can teach ur children is t lve learning. Learning science is a great way t d s. Children are easy t be interested in science. Because much f science is hands­n, it attracts mst children. Nthing makes a child sit up and take ntice like the "WOW!" f a great science shwing.
Science pens drs t many subjects at schl. Building lve fr science can be helpful in ther areas f study. Fr example, ne cannt lve science fr very lng withut becming gd at its language — math! S science encurages children t study math. An interest in science is an interest in hw things were nce understd cmpared t hw they are understd nw. Thus studying science lends itself easily t studying histry. And after yu d an experiment, yu need t write a lab reprt. Therefre, writing becmes an imprtant part f science.
Science is the basic thing fr much f ur life. The science f farming shws hw ur fd is prduced; bimedical science keeps us healthy; even ur beds these days are designed accrding t scientific facts. We almst eat, sleep and breathe with the help f science! When we prepare the next generatin (一代) f vters, creatrs, and plicy makers, it is imprtant t make sure they are nt nly cmfrtable but als gd at science.
（1）Accrding t Paragraph 2, what des learning the scientific methd mean t kids?
A.Refusing any ideas that are nt lgical.
B.Helping them develp thinking skills.
C.Learning many areas f study.
D.Learning t d experiments.
（2）Which f the fllwing statements wuld the authr agree with?
A.Science is t difficult fr children.
B.Children usually cnsider science bring.
C.Science culd make children lve learning.
D.Children wh can't think carefully shuldn't learn science.
（3）If a child wrks hard at science at schl, he/she ________.
A.usually lses interest in ther activities
B.usually has n time fr ther subjects
C.is usually bad at such subjects like histry
D.is likely t learn many ther subjects well
（4）What is the text mainly abut?
A.Why science is imprtant.
B.Why kids shuld learn science.
C.What kids shuld learn at schl.
D.Hw kids can make use f science.
B【答案】 （1）B
（2）C
（3）D
（4）B
【解析】本文是一篇议论文，小孩应该学习科学，因为学习科学对他们而言有很多好处。
（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Learning t fllw this prcess helps yu think lgically and carefully. These imprtant thinking skills can be used in many areas f study...”可知，学习科学可以帮助孩子们培养好的思维方式。故选B。
（2）考查观点态度。根据第三段中的“One f the greatest things we can teach ur children is t lve learning. Learning science is a great way t d s.”可知，作者认为学习科学可以让孩子们爱上学习。故选C。
（3）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“S science encurages children t study math... Therefre, writing becmes an imprtant part f science.”可知，学好科学的话，学好别的科目的可能性也会增大。故选D。
（4）考查主旨大意。纵观全文可知，本文主要讲述了小孩为什么需要学习科学。故选B。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，观点态度和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
C
As a kid, Janna Buckley wasn't interested in science—until she had a chance t try it. That happened when she gt a chemistry set fr Christmas.
"Over the curse f a few weeks, I'd cmpleted every experiment. But in the prcess, I plluted my parent's dining rm carpet and burnt the kitchen wrktp with the spirit burner," she says.
Nw science is Buckley's jb. She wrks in the chemistry department at the University f Sheffield in England. "I realize, first-hand, hw imprtant it is t have smething r smene t shw yu why science is great," she says. Nw the gd news is that citizen science appears.
Citizen science takes the fun f experimenting a step further than Buckley's at-hme chemistry kit. That's because these experiments are real, lking fr nvel answers.
"Cmpared with a ne-ff experiment, what's cl abut citizen science is that students get that this has a purpse," says Prunuske, wh teaches micrbilgy and immunlgy at a medical cllege." Students want t d a gd jb, because they knw scientists are ging t use the new data in their wn research."
Jennifer Lng's jb is t crdinate (协调) educatin and utreach. She agrees with Prunuske. "Kids like that it's real. And they like that it's imprtant, that it matters." Citizen-science prjects have made big discveries. One fund a previusly unknwn galaxy cluster (星系团). Anther prject helped assess hw much damage a big earthquake had caused in Japan. And ne f the first citizen-science prjects helped scientists learn where Mnarch butterflies g every winter.
Sme adults wrry abut teens lsing interest in science. That's ne reasn they hpe that fun, exciting citizen-science prjects can help them keep engaged, Lng says. And she has sme evidence that it's wrking. "Last year, we did have a cuple f students say, 'I really think I want t be a scientist nw.'"
（1）What is the purpse f paragraph 2?
A.T supprt trials can make teens interested in science.
B.T prve failure is the mther f success in science.
C.T state Buckley has a talent fr science.
D.T praise Buckley fr her strng will.
（2）Why is citizen science mre fun?
A.It needs t seek fr new slutins.
B.It carries ut experiments frequently.
C.It must carry ut experiments in grups.
D.It demands t handle cmplex prblems.
（3）What can we knw frm what Prunuske said?
A.She participated in the experiment.
B.She tk pride in what students tk up.
C.Citizen science is ppular with students.
D.Scientists are willing t emply students.
（4）What is Lng's attitude twards citizen science?
A.Cncerned.
B.Supprtive.
C.Dubtful.
D.Unclear.
C【答案】 （1）A
（2）A
（3）C
（4）B
【解析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了公民科学项目可以使青少年对科学感兴趣。
（1）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“Over the curse f a few weeks， I'd cmpleted every experiment． But in the prcess， I plluted my parent's dining rm carpet and burnt the kitchen wrktp with the spirit burner，”在几个星期的时间里，我完成了每一个实验．但是在这个过程中，我污染了我父母的餐厅地毯，用精神燃烧器烧毁了厨房的工作台面，可知第二段的目的是 支持试验可以使青少年对科学感兴趣，故选A。
（2）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“That's because these experiments are real， lking fr nvel answers．”因为这些实验是真实的，寻找新的答案．可知公民科学更有趣因为它需要寻求新的解决办法，故选A。
（3）考查推理判断。根据第五段中的“Students want t d a gd jb， because they knw scientists are ging t use the new data in their wn research．”学生们想做得很好，因为他们知道科学家将在他们自己的研究中使用新的数据。可知 从普吕努斯克的话我们能知道 公民科学受到学生的欢迎，故选C。
（4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“Sme adults wrry abut teens lsing interest in science． That's ne reasn they hpe that fun， exciting citizen-science prjects can help them keep in tuch，”一些成年人担心青少年对科学失去兴趣，这就是他们希望有趣的，激动人心的公民科学项目能帮助他们保持联系的原因之一．可知朗对公民科学的态度是支持的，故选B。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。
2.任务型阅读
Technlgy has becme a vital part in ur life. It has transfrmed ur lives in many ways.________. The things that seemed impssible in the past can nw be dne in just minutes.
Technlgy and Farming
Nwadays farmers use mbile apps t calculate the grass in their field.________. In the past farmers used pesticides(杀虫剂) and insecticides t prtect its crp but nw with the inventin f BT Crps, the excessive use f pesticides have been decreased.
Technlgy and Our Lifestyle
________. In the past peple were busy leading a nrmal life. They had time fr everyne, they shared their feelings and mds with their lved nes, they lved nature and expressed their feelings and emtins. Tday we nly care fr technlgy, and we prefer t spend ur time n scial media, using the internet, watching TV, playing vide games rather than giving time t ur families, playing ut with ur friends.
Technlgy and Cmmunicatin
Nwadays we have scial media, mbile phnes, laptps, and internet with many vides that have made ur cmmunicatin far easier than befre.________.
Technlgy in Educatin
Technlgy has ttally changed ur methds f educatin and learning. In the past, it was nt easy t get infrmatin r knwledge as quickly as we d tday with the help f internet. ________. Nw there are nline schls, nline educatin system where yu can get educated.
I'm sure that the future f this wrld will be quite different frm what it is tday. It is quite mre interesting and cnvenient.
A. That saves their time and mney t
B. It brings side effects t their crps smetimes
C. Technlgy has expanded access t educatin
D. We perhaps take technlgy lightly in ur life
E.We cannt even think f ur life withut technlgy
F.Technlgy is thught t have changed ur lifestyle ttally
G.In the past, we culd nly imagine abut vide calling which was nt pssible at that time
【答案】 E；A；F；G；C
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了科技在在很多方面改变了我们的生活，我们甚至无法想象没有技术的生活。过去看起来不可能的事情现在几分钟就可以完成。
【点评】考查阅读理解能力。本题考点涉及段首句、段中句和段末句。要求考生在读懂文章主旨的前提下，通过分析、对比、推理和判断出上下文的逻辑关系，选出正确答案。
3语法填空
.阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Why dn't birds get lst n their lng flights frm ne place t anther?
Nt lng ag, experiments shwed that birds rely ________ the sun t guide them during daylight hurs. But what abut birds ________ fly by night? Tests with artificial stars have prved that certain night-flying birds are able t fllw the stars in their lng distance flights.
A dve had spent its lifetime in a cage and had never flwn under a ________ (nature) sky. Yet it shwed an inbrn ability ________ (use) the stars fr guidance. The bird's cage ________ (place) under an artificial star-filled sky. The bird tried t fly in the same directin as that ________ (take) by his utdr cusins. Any change in the psitin f the make -believe stars caused ________ change in the directin f his flight.
Scientists think that dves, when ________ (fly) in daylight, use the sun fr guidance. But the stars are bviusly their main means f ________ (fly). What d they d if the stars are hidden by cluds? Apparently, they find their way by such landmarks as muntain ranges, castlines, and river curses. But when it's t dark t see these, the dves circle ________ (help), unable t get their psitin.
【答案】 n；that/which；natural；t use；was placed；taken；a；flying；flight；helplessly
【解析】本文是一篇说明文, 介绍了试验发现鸟类飞翔以太阳和星星为向导。
（1）考查介词。句意: 不久前的试验表明, 鸟类白天依靠太阳的引导飞行, 但是那些在夜间飞行的鸟呢? rely n固定短语，“依靠”, 故填n。
（2）考查定语从句。 fly by night是限制性定语从句， 先行词为birds, 指物, 关系词在从句中作主语, 故填that / which。
（3）考查形容词。句意: 一只鸽子在笼子里生活了一辈子, 从来没有在自然的天空下飞翔过。修饰名词sky用形容词, 故填natural。
（4）考查非谓语动词。ability t d sth.固定短语，“做某事的能力”, ability后面常跟不定式作定语，故填t use。
（5）考查时态语态。句意: 鸟笼被放在一片人造的布满星星的天空下。讲述的是过去的事情, 应该用一般过去时, cage 与place之间是被动关系, 应该用一般过去时的被动语态, 故填was placed。
（6）考查非谓语动词。句意: 这只鸟试图飞向和它那些外面的兄弟们相同的方向。that指代directin, 与take之间是逻辑上的动宾关系, 表示被动, 用过去分词作后置定语, 故填taken。
（7）考查冠词。句意: 人造星星位置的任何变化都能引起它飞行方向的变化。change表示“变化”时是可数名词, 此处用不定冠词a表示泛指, 故填a。
（8）考查非谓语动词。句意: 科学家认为鸽子在白天飞行时以太阳为向导。在when引导的时间状语从句中, 当主从句主语一致且从句中含有be的某种形式时, 可以省略主语和be, 本句省略了they are, 故填flying。
（9）考查名词。作介词的宾语应当用名词，故填flight。
（10）考查副词。句意: 但是, 当天太黑看不见的时候, 鸽子无助地盘旋着, 无法找到自己的位置。修饰动词circle用副词, 表示“无助地”, 故填helplessly
【点评】本题考点涉及介词，定语从句，形容词，非谓语动词，时态语态，冠词，名词以及副词等多个知识点的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。

一．单句语法填空
1. A smart keybard t reduce _____________ (press) n keys is n shw in the exhibitin.
2. The hunter sht _____________the tiger, but failed.
3. Migrating animals use a variety f inner _____________ (cmpass) t help them navigate.
4. Althugh it’s nt an agreement, it will have _____________ (virtual) the same effect.
5. The famus designer designs _____________ (wear) clthes t suit mdern wmen’s lifestyles.
6. The teachers can use the bks_____________ (flexible) in their classes.
7. The _____________ (battery) are used fr emergency pwer supply.
8. In additin _____________a rbt, I gave him a pen and a pencil.
9. He is mst capable _____________acting as different rles.
10. Everyne has a strng desire _____________ (express) themselves.
【答案】1-5 pressure
at
cmpasses
virtually
wearable
6-10 flexibly
batteries
t
f
t express
【解析】略
二．.阅读理解
A
Satellite, hunger, stars, kersene lamps (煤油灯), the Milky Way, the Cultural Revlutin's factinal civil wars, a light-year, the fld… these seemingly uncnnected things cmbined tgether and frmed the early part f my life, which shaped the science fictin I write tday.
As a science fictin writer wh began as a fan, I d nt use my fictin as a way t criticize the reality f the present. I feel that the greatest appeal f science fictin is the creatin f numerus imaginary wrlds utside f reality. I've always felt that the greatest and mst beautiful stries were tld by science. They are far mre magnificent, grand, invlved, prfund, thrilling, strange, terrifying, mysterius, and even emtinal. Only, these wnderful stries are lcked in cld equatins (方程式) that mst d nt knw hw t read.
There's a strange cntradictin: On Earth, mankind can step nt anther cntinent, and destry the civilizatins thrugh war and disease. But when they lk at the stars, they turn emtinal and believe that if aliens exist, they must be friendly and kind.
I think it shuld be the ppsite: Let's turn the kindness we shw tward the stars t mankind and build up trust and understanding between different peples and civilizatins. But fr the universe utside the slar system, we shuld be cautius. Fr a fragile civilizatin like urs, this is the mst respnsible path.
As a fan f science fictin, a cnsiderable part f the science fictin I've read cmes frm America. The fact that American readers can nw enjy my bk makes me bth pleased and excited. Science fictin describes event f interest t all f humanity. It ften describes a day when humanity will frm a harmnius whle and I believe the arrival f such a day need nt wait fr the appearance f aliens.
Except frm "Authr's Pstscript fr the American Editin f The Three-Bdy Prblem"
（1）What shaped the authr's present wrks?
A.His early life experiences.
B.Uncnnected daily bjects.
C.American science fictins.
D.The adventures in his imaginatin.
（2）Which aspect f science fictin appeals t the authrs mst?
A.The appearance f aliens.
B.The way t criticize present reality.
C.The creatin f numerus imaginary wrlds.
D.The wnderful stries cmbined with equatins.
（3）What is the authr's attitude t human's idea abut aliens?
A.Supprtive.
B.Negative.
C.Uncertain.
D.Indifferent.
（4）What is the text mainly abut?
A.The authr's achievements in science fictin.
B.Themes and pints f view f the authr's wrks.
C.Peple's knwledge and misunderstanding abut the universe.
D.The authr's devtin t science fictin and cncern fr mankind.
1A【答案】 （1）A
（2）C
（3）B
（4）D
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，讲述了作者对科幻小说的热爱和进行科幻写作的原因，以及对人类未来的关心。
（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“these seemingly uncnnected things cmbined tgether and frmed the early part f my life, which shaped the science fictin I write tday ”这些看似没有联系的东西结合在一起，形成了我生命的早期，塑造了我今天写的科幻小说，可知，作者早期的生活经历塑造了作者的写作风格。故题选A。
（2）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“I feel that the greatest appeal f science fictin is the creatin f numerus imaginary wrlds utside f reality”我觉得科幻小说最大的吸引力是在现实之外创造出无数的想象世界，可知科幻小说最吸引作者的东西就是现实之外创造出的无数想象世界。故选C。
（3）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“But when they lk at the stars, they turn emtinal and believe that if aliens exist, they must be friendly and kind “但是当他们看着星星时，他们会变得情绪化，并且相信如果外星人存在，他们一定是友好和善良的；以及第四段中的“I think it shuld be the ppsite”我认为应该是相反的，由此可推断出作者在看待人们对外星人的态度是不赞成的。故选B。
（4）考查主旨大意。根据第二段中的“As a science fictin writer wh began as a fan, I d nt use my fictin as a way t criticize the reality f the present. ”作为一个科幻作家，我开始是一个粉丝，我不会用我的小说来批评现实，可知作者从文章一开始就表达了自己对科幻小说的热爱以及自己写科幻小说的目的；以及最后一段中的“It ften describes a day when humanity will frm a harmnius whle and I believe the arrival f such a day need nt wait fr the appearance f aliens”它常常描述一天，当人类将形成一个和谐的整体，我相信这一天的到来不需要等待外星人的出现，可知，作者通过写科幻小说表达对人类的关心，总结写科幻小说的目的。可知整篇文章作者的目的就是表达对科幻小说的热爱以及通过科幻小说表达对人类的关心。故选D。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
B
LONE TREE, clrad-patanjali Ra, a 15-year-ld Clrad high schl student and yung scientist, wh has used artificial intelligence (AI) and created apps t deal with scial prblems, has been named Time magazine's first-ever "Kid f the Year".
Time says Ra std ut fr creating a wrld-wide cmmunity f yung inventrs and inspiring them t g after their gals. Ra insists that starting ut small desn't matter, as lng as yu have a passin (热爱)fr it.
Ra's sense f inventin started early. At age 12, she develped a prtable device t discver lead in water. She has als created an app called Kindly that uses artificial intelligence t help prevent cyberbullying (网络欺凌). It allws teens t type in a wrd r phrase t find ut if the wrds they are using are bullying and lets them decide what they are sending.
She said that "Wrk is ging t be in ur generatin's hands pretty sn. S if n ne else is ging t d it, I'm ging t d it. "
Ra has partnered with schls, museums, and science, technlgy, engineering and math rganizatins, and ther scieties t wrk fr thusands f ther students.
In a wrld where science is increasingly questined r challenged, Ra insists that devtin t science is an act f kindness and the best way that a yunger generatin can better the wrld. "We have science in everything we're invlved in, and I think the biggest thing t put ut there is that science is cl, innvating is cl, and anybdy can be an innvatr," Ra says.
"Anybdy can d science. "
（1）What d we knw abut Ra?
A.She has created apps t deal with mental prblems.
B.She has set a gd example fr the yunger generatin.
C.She has been named Time magazine's "Yuth f the Year".
D.She thinks that nly the yunger generatin can better the wrld.
（2）What can we learn frm the passage?
A.Time waits fr n man.
B.Ups and dwns make ne strng.
C.Passin and devtin help t prmte excellence.
D.Gd habits frmed at yuth make all the difference.
（3）Frm which is the text prbably taken?
A.A newspaper
B.A diary.
C.A travel brchure.
D.A histry bk.
B【答案】 （1）B
（2）C
（3）A
【解析】本文是一篇新闻报道，美国科罗拉多州一所高中的学生15岁的帕坦加里·拉奥是一名年轻科学家，他使用人工智能(AI)技术并开发了一些应用程序来解决社会问题。近日，他被《时代》杂志评为美国历史上首位“年度儿童”。
（1）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“Time says Ra std ut fr creating a wrld-wide cmmunity f yung inventrs and inspiring them t g after their gals. ”《时代》杂志表示，Ra之所以出类拔萃，是因为他创建了一个由年轻发明家组成的全球社区，并激励他们追求自己的目标。可知，她为年轻一代树立了好榜样。故选B。
（2）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“Ra insists that starting ut small desn't matter, as lng as yu have a passin （热爱）fr it. ”Ra坚持认为，从小事做起并不重要，只要你对它有热情就行；以及最后一段中的“Ra insists that devtin t science is an act f kindness and the best way that a yunger generatin can better the wrld. ”饶坚持认为，献身科学是一种善举，是年轻一代改善世界的最好方式。可知，热情和勤奋有助于变得优秀。故选C。
（3）考查推理判断。根据第一段“LONE TREE, clrad-patanjali Ra, a 15-year-ld Clrad high schl student and yung scientist, wh has used artificial intelligence （AI） and created apps t deal with scial prblems, has been named Time magazine's first-ever‘Kid f the Year’. ”美国科罗拉多州一所高中的学生15岁的帕坦加里·拉奥是一名年轻科学家，他使用人工智能(AI)技术并开发了一些应用程序来解决社会问题。近日，他被《时代》杂志评为美国历史上首位“年度儿童”。可知，这是对最近一件事的报道。所以这篇文章有可能来自一份报纸。故选A。
【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断题型的考查，是一篇新闻报道，考生需要根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。
C
US Space Agency Returns t Mars with InSight Lander
The American space agency’s lander InSight is t arrive n Mars at the end f Nvember, 2018. Unlike NASA’s Curisity rver, InSight will nt mve acrss the planet’s surface. Instead it will becme the first spacecraft (航天器) used nly fr explring undergrund. It will study the gegraphy f Mars, searching fr signs f Martian (火星的) quakes.
InSight is a prject f U. S. and Eurpe. It is 6 meters lng and 1. 5 meters wide. It weighs 360 kilgrams. InSight’s 1. 8-meter rbtic arm will put tw experiments in place. Bth are designed t explre undergrund f Mars t learn abut the inside.
Bruce Banerdt is the lead scientist fr InSight. He viewed the spacecraft as a rbt that can take care f itself. “It’s gt its wn brain. It’s gt an arm. It can listen and feel things. It pulls its wn pwer ut f the sun, ”he nted.
Thmas Zurbuchen, ne f the heads in NASA, said the results f the InSight prject culd “change the way we think abut the inside f ur earth. ” But, first, InSight will have t land n Mars undamaged. Since Mars explratin started in the 1960s, nly abut 40 percent f the explratins have succeeded.
Tm Hffman is InSight’s prject manager. He said earlier successes d nt lessen the cncerns fr each new explratin. “That we’ve dne it befre desn’t mean we’re nt nervus and excited abut ding it again, ” he said.
InSight will enter the Martian atmsphere (大气层) traveling at 19, 800 kilmeters an hur. It will slw fr landing n a wide flat area n Mars. If all ges well, InSight culd carry ut its experiments in abut 10 weeks. The InSight prject is expected t cntinue fr ne Martian year, abut tw years n Earth.
1. What is the difference between InSight and NASA’s Curisity rver ?
A. The size. B. The design.
C. The speed. D. The task.
2. What can we learn frm the passage?
A. InSight travels at an unchanged speed.
B. InSight is the prject f America and Japan.
C. InSight has the functins (功能) f a rbt.
D. InSight is mainly pwered by the natural gas.
3. What will be ne f the cntributins (贡献) f the InSight prject accrding t Zurbuchen?
A. It will help us understand the gegraphy f Mars.
B. It will change the way we think abut the inside f the earth.
C. It will help carry ut mre experiments n Mars.
D. It will get mre infrmatin abut the reasns fr Mars quakes.
4. What is Hffman’s attitude twards this explratin f the InSight?
A. Cnfident. B. Satisfied.
C. Cncerned. D. Frightened.
【答案与解析】
【文章大意】本文是一篇科普类短文阅读。文章主要介绍了美国航天局发射最新火星探测器InSight Lander, 对火星的地基结构做一个全面的分析。
【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据文章第一段Unlike NASA’s Curisity rver, InSight will nt mve acrss the planet’s surface. 与美国宇航局的好奇号探测车不同, InSight不会在火星表面移动, 可知, InSight与好奇号探测车的任务不同。
【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据文章第三段He viewed the spacecraft as a rbt that can take care f itself. “It’s gt its wn brain. It’s gt an arm. It can listen and feel things. It pulls its wn pwer ut f the sun, ” he nted. 可知, InSight有自己的大脑, 有胳膊, 可以听和感觉东西, 是一个可以自己照顾自己的机器人。
【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据文章第四段Thmas Zurbuchen, ne f the heads in NASA, said the results f the InSight prject culd “change the way we think abut the inside f ur earth. ”可知, 托马斯·祖布臣表示, InSight项目的成果可能“改变我们思考地球内部的方式”。
【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据文章第五段Tm Hffman is InSight’s prject manager. He said earlier successes d nt lessen the cncerns fr each new explratin. “That we’ve dne it befre desn’t mean we’re nt nervus and excited abut ding it again, ” he said. 可知, Tm Hffman说早期的成功并没有减轻对每一次新勘探的担忧。
三.任务型阅读
Chsing a majr is a very imprtant thing in ur life. Hwever, it can be extremely challenging. S it's necessary t learn sme simple tips that much easier. ________. And hw des that chice affect yur future career? We can help guide yu in chsing a majr.
Yur majr is yur primary field f study in yur undergraduate (大学的）prgram. It is the subject in which yu earn yur bachelr's degree. After cmpleting a list f general educatin curses, yu spend the rest f the time studying ne subject f yur chice. ________.
Fr many students, it's best t try ut different classes t figure ut a majr yu'll like, but yu need t have a cuple f slid chices. ________, yu shuld begin taking curses yu are required t cmplete befre graduatin, s it will decrease yur chances f needing t switch majrs later because yu already knw what t expect.
________, yu shuld begin thinking abut hw yur field will lead t a jb as sn as pssible. Cnsider clubs, research prgrams and part-time jbs related t ptential career chices fr yur majr.
Fr mre career-specific majrs like nursing and engineering, the majrity f yur studies will include skills that can be used in a future jb. ________. The sner yu begin wrking in a lab, n research prjects r helping as a teaching assistant fr a prfessr, the better yu'll be able t figure ut yur career.
A. Yu have t think f ways t chse a majr
B. Be sure that yu chse a majr that suits yur interests
C. Once yu have a better idea f which majr yu like best
D. While yur majr may r may nt lead directly t a career
E. D sme research t find ut which majrs can help yu get that jb
F. Rughly ne-third t ne-half f yur curses will be related t yur majr
G. Hwever, yu shuld still cnsider ding activities utside f the classrm t better prepare yu
2【答案】 A；F；C；D；G
【解析】这是一篇选句填空。文章针对如何选取专业，给出了一些实用性的建议。
（1）根据上文的S it's necessary t learn sme simple tips that will make yur decisin much easier. (因此，有必要学习一些简单的技巧，让你的决定更容易)和下文的And hw des that chice affect yur future career?(这个选择对你未来的职业有什么影响？)可知，A项：Yu have t think f ways t chse a majr(你必须想办法选择专业)承上启下，故选A。
（2）根据上文的After cmpleting a list f general educatin curses, yu spend the rest f the time studying ne subject f yur chice. 可知，完成公共课程后，你把剩下的时间花在学习你选择的一个科目上。此处是关于学习的课程，由此可推断出，F项Rughly ne-third t ne-half f yur curses will be related t yur majr(大约三分之一到一半的课程与你的专业相关)符合本段文意。故选F。
（3）根据下文的yu shuld begin taking curses yu are required t cmplete befre graduatin, s it will decrease yur chances f needing t switch majrs later because yu already knw what t expect. 可知，你应该开始学习毕业前必须完成的课程，这样会减少你以后换专业的机会，因为你已经知道该期待什么了。，由此可推断出C项：Once yu have a better idea f which majr yu like best(一旦你对你最喜欢的专业有了更好的了解)与下文衔接。故选C。
（4）本段主要讲了你应该开始思考你的领域将如何尽快找到一份工作，考虑与你专业的潜在职业选择相关兼职工作。由此可知，作为本段的首句（主旨句），应涵盖本段的主要内容，因此D项While yur majr may r may nt lead directly t a career(而你的专业可能直接或间接导致你的职业生涯)符合本段文意。故选D。
（5）根据上文提到对于一些专业，你的大部分学习将包括在未来工作中可以使用的技能。再结合下文说：你越早开始在实验室工作，做研究项目，或帮助教授做助教，你就越能更好地规划自己的职业生涯。由此可知，G项：Hwever, yu shuld still cnsider ding activities utside f the classrm t better prepare yu(然而，你仍然应该考虑课外活动，以更好地为你做准备)衔接上下文，故选G。
【点评】考查阅读理解能力。本题考点涉及段首句、段中句和段末句，是一篇教育类说明文，要求考生在理解全文大意的前提下，掌握文章的结构，通过分析判断、逻辑推理、词汇复现、逻辑关联词等技巧，分析出段与段之间、句与句之间的逻辑关系，从而选出正确的答案。
四．任务型阅读
Science at schl and at wrk
Cncern has been expressed abut a relative lack f interest in science as a schl subject r future career. This reprt fcuses________the views f students and puts frward suggestins fr imprving the image f science.
The vast majrity f students wh chse science subjects feel they have made the right decisin. They enjy________(cnduct) experiments in the well-equipped labratries and appreciate the fact________the teaching staff are mre highly qualified than thse in arts subjects. In cnsequence, science students believe they are learning in a mre________(stimulate) envirnment.
Unfrtunately, hwever, sme students think twice befre chsing sciences,________their reputatin as cmparatively difficult subjects that invlve memrizing facts and figures. Mrever, the sciences are believed t be subjects________high marks are harder t btain.
In additin, science has a serius image prblem. Many are discuraged by the s-called lack f glamur f science as a prfessin, by film steretypes(典型形象) f mad prfessrs and cmputer geeks, and by the suspicin with________the media ften treat scientific research, fr instance cncerning genetically mdified(转基因) fd.
T create a mre psitive impressin________science, students shuld be invited t participate in Science Fair prjects, scientific wrk experience prgrammes and virtual Open Days at university science faculty. They shuld als________(make) aware f the benefits f studying science, such as develping thinking skills, discvering________things wrk and -- ne day -- finding real slutins t real prblems.
【答案】 n；cnducting；that；stimulating；wing t/because f/due t；where；which；f；be made；hw
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，作者提出了理科给学生留下不好印象的原因以及提出了改善这种负面印象的建议。
（1）句意：这篇报告关注学生的观点，并为提高科学形象提出建议。fcus n 固定短语，“关注”，故填n。
（2）句意：他们喜欢在设备齐全的实验室里做实验。enjy ding sth.固定短语“喜欢做某事”，故填cnducting。
（3）句意：他们喜欢在设备齐全的实验室里做实验，欣赏理科教师比文科教师更胜一筹。分析题意，划线后从句为先行词fact的内容。故从句为同位语从句。同位语从句部分不缺成分和语意。故填that。
（4）句意：因此，学理科的学生认为他们是在一个更刺激的环境中学习。分析题意，此处需用形容词以修饰名词envirnment，故填stimulating。
（5）句意：然而，不幸的是，一些学生在选择理科之前会三思而行，因为科学被认为是相对难的学科，需要记住事实和数字。分析题意，根据划线前后的语意可知，此处前后表示因果关系。因为划线后内容为短语，所以此处需填表示“因为”的介词短语。综合分析，故填wing t/because f/due t。
（6）句意：此外，理科被认为是一些很难取得高分的学科。根据成分分析，subjects为先行词，在后面的定语从句作地点状语，故此处的关系词用关系副词。故填where。
（7）句意：理科作为一种职业，缺乏所谓的魅力，电影中对疯狂教授和电脑怪才的刻板印象，以及媒体经常对科学研究(比如转基因食品)的怀疑，都让许多人感到气馁。在定语从句中，介词后的关系词常用which 和whm。若先行词为物，则介词后用which；若先行词为人，则介词后用whm。本题的先行词为“物”。故此处填which。
（8）句意：为加深学生对理科的正面印象，大学理学院应邀请学生参与科学展览计划、科学工作体验计划和虚拟开放日。根据句意，此处应表示所属关系：表示“理科的正面印象”。介词f译为“的”可表示所属关系。故填f。
（9）句意：他们也应该意识到学习理科的好处，比如发展思维技能，发现事物是如何运作的，以及有一天找到真正问题的真正解决方案。分析题意，句中make aware f 和 主语之间表示被动逻辑。make aware f 放在情态动词shuld后，故此处用情态动词的被动语态。综合分析，故填be made。
（10）句意：他们也应该意识到学习科学的好处，比如发展思维技能，发现事物是如何运作的，以及有一天找到真正问题的真正解决方案。分析题意，宾语从句部分缺状语。根据句意，从句部分缺“如何”之意。故填hw。
【点评】本题考点涉及介词，非谓语动词，同位语从句，形容词，介词，定语从句，被动语态以及宾语从句等多个知识点的考查，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。