专题10 名词性从句（讲解版）-备战2022年高考英语精选考点专项突破

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专题10 名词性从句 备战2022年高考英语精选考点专项突破（讲解版）研究高考  明确考况考查点全国新高考卷全国卷命题分析20212020202120202019名词性从句卷I，56题[主语从句；what]   卷I，66题[同位语从句；that]高考对名词性从句的考查集中在引导词的选择上，其中引导词what、与that / how、if与whether是考查重点。必备知识  整合提高考点1、主语从句分考点1 主语从句的引导词①、that, whether, if只起连接作用,不在从句中作成分。●The limits of a person's intelligence,generally speaking, are fixed at birth, but whether he reaches these limits will depend on his environment.通常来说，一个人智力上的极限从一出生就确定了，但他是否能够达到极限取决于他所处的环境。②、what, who, whose, which, whichever, whoever, whatever等。在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语。●What Barbara Jones offers to her fans is honesty and happiness.  芭拉·琼斯给予她的粉丝们的是坦诚和快乐。③、how, when, where, why等。在从句中作状语。●Why they suddenly disappeared still remains a mystery.   它们为什么突然消失仍然是个谜。【特别注意】(1)、当主语从句位于句首时，常用 whether引导，而不用if；●Whether you can succeed or not depends on how hard you work at it.   你能否成功取决于你努力的程度。(2)、that引导主语从句时,不可省略;(3)、从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用第三人称单数形式，但也有特殊情况，如what引导的从句作主语时，谓语动词的数取决于其表达的含义。● What he said is true.    他所说的是正确的。(从句作主语,谓语动词用单数)●What he needs are books.    他需要的是书。(从句作主语,谓语动词用复数)分考点2 用it作形式主语的主语从句①、It + be+形容词+从句句型中常用的词或词组：necessary,likely,clear,important, right,wrong,strange,natural,funny,(un)certain,obvious, surprising,possible,probable等●It is uncertain what side effect the  medicine will bring about,although  about two thousand patients have taken it.    尽管已经有大约两千名患者服用了这种药,但是它会带来什么样的副作用还不清楚。●It is by no means clear what the president can do to end the strike.  总统能采取什么措施来结束罢工,这一点儿都不清楚。②、It +be+名词/名词词组+从句句型中常用的词或词组：a shame, a pity,no wonder, good news, no surprise,an honor等●It is a shame that we lost such an important customer.真遗憾我们失去了一位如此重要的客户。③、It+be+过去分词+从句句型中常用的词或词组：said, believed,reported, thought,known, expected,decided, arranged,announced等●It is said that our school will hold a sports meeting next week.   据说我们学校下周要举行运动会。④、It+特殊动词/动词短语+从句句型中常用的词或词组：seem, appear,happen, matter,turn out, occur to等●It doesn't matter whether you pay in cash or by credit card in this store.在这个商店里你用现金支付还是信用卡支付都可以。【特别注意】当it作形式主语，主语从句放在句末时，用if或whether引导均可；但主语从句后置且引导词后直接加 or not时，则用 whether引导。考点2  宾语从句分考点1宾语从句的引导词Point  从属连词在从句中只起连接作用，不做成分；连接代词在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语；连接副词在从句中作状语。常用的引导词如下①、从属连词 that,whether,if②、连接代词 what, who, whose, which, whatever, whoever,whichever等③、连接副词  how, when, where, why, whenever, wherever, however等常见的可以接that从句作宾语的动词或动词短语有：see, say, know，imagine, discover,believe,tell,show,think,consider, be sure, be afraid等。常见的可以接疑问词引导的宾语从句的动词或动词短语有 :see,tell,ask,know,decide,imagine,suggest,wonder, show,discuss,understand,inform,advise,find out等。●We've offered her the job,but I don't know whether she'll accept it.我们已经给她提供了工作,但我不知道她是否会接受。●I truly believe that beauty comes from within.   我真心相信美来自内心。●It is difficult for us to imagine what life was like for slaves in the ancient world.对我们来说,很难想象古代世界中奴隶的生活是什么样子的。●Scientists study how human brains work to make computers.科学家通过研究人脑如何工作来制作电脑。【特别注意】(1)、that引导宾语从句时，常被省略，但下列情况下that不能省略；①that从句作介词的宾语时；②动词后跟有多个that引导的并列宾语从句时，只有第一个that可以省略，从第二个从句开始that不可省略；③主句谓语动词(包括非谓语动词)与宾语从句之间有插入语时；④that引导的从句位于句首时；⑤it作形式宾语时，that引导的宾语从句中的that通常不可省略。●I know nothing about him except that he is from the countryside.除了知道他来自乡下以外,我对他一无所知。●He said that)he liked rain very much and that he wouldn't use an umbrella when it was raining.他说他非常喜欢雨,下雨时他都不会打伞。●We hope, on the contrary, that he will stay at home with us.   恰恰相反,我们希望他和我们一起待在家里。●That our team will win, I believe.  我相信我们队会赢。(2)  、在介词后的宾语从句中，表示“是否”时，连接词只用whether，不用if。●It depends on whether you can finish the project on time.    那要取决于你是否能按时完成那个项目。分考点2  用it作形式宾语的宾语从句Point 1  一些动词后的宾语从句有宾语补足语(形容词或名词)时，则需要用it作形式宾语而将that引导的宾语从句后置。常见的这类动词有:think认为  feel感觉  find发现   guess猜测   consider考虑   believe相信suppose假定,设想 make使得●I think it necessary that we take plenty of water every day.   我认为我们每天多喝水是有必要的。●He has made it clear that the meeting will not be postponed.   他清楚地表明会议不会延期。Point 2  like, appreciate,enjoy, dislike, hate等表示“喜欢”、“厌恶”等情感的动词以及一些动词短语seeto, depend on, rely on等常用it作形式宾语，而将宾语从句后置。(详见专题2)考点3 表语从句Point 1   从属连词在从句中只起连接作用，不作成分；连接代词在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语；连接副词在从句中作状语。①、从属连词that, whether②、连接代词what. who. whom. whose, which, whatever, whoever，whomever，whichever等③、连接副词how, when. where等●The question is whether you can afford it   问题是你是否买得起。●The best moment for the football star was when he scored the winning goal.对这位足球明星而言,最美好的时刻是他射进制胜球的时候。●But the bottom line is that I shouldn't lie to my kids in any situation.但是,底线是在任何情况下我都不应该对我的孩子们撒谎。【特别注意】一般不能用if引导表语从句：that引导表语从句时一般不省略。Point 2  其他词引导的表语从句(1)、as if/ as though引导的表语从句。此类表语从句可用陈述句语气，也可用虚拟语气，常与以下连系动词连用：seem似乎   look看起来   taste尝起来    sound听起来    feel摸起来     appear好像●It seemed as though it had happened yesterday. 那件事好像昨天发生的一样。●It looks as if it is going to rain.   看起来天要下雨了(2) 、because,why也可引导表语从句。但在 because引导的表语从句中，主语不能是 reason或 cause。常用于以下句型This/ That is why…. 这/那就是…...的原因This/That is because...  这/那是因为…...●This is why we missed the early bus这就是我们错过了早班车的原因。【特别注意】当主句的主语是 reason时，表语从句一般用that引导，不能用why或 because；主语是 reason时，why可以引导定语从句；The reason why. is that...(…...的原因是......)●The reason why he came late was that he got up late.    他来晚是因为起床晚了。考点4  同位语从句同位语从句在句中作某一名词的同位语，位于该名词之后，用以说明该名词的具体内容。Point 1  that引导的同位语从句that在其引导的同位语从句中只起引导词的作用，在从句中不充当任何成分，但不可省略。●Evidence has been found through years of study that children’s early sleeping problems are likely to continue when they grow up.   多年研究发现:有证据表明孩子的早期睡眠问题很有可能在他们长大后仍然存在●Housewarming parties get their name from the fact that a long time ago people would actually bring firewood to a new home as a gift.  温居聚会的名字源于这样一个事实,很久以前人们会带木柴作为乔迁礼物。Point 2   whether引导的同位语从句whether引导同位语从句时，在从句中不作成分，意为“是否”，不能省略，不能用诳替换。●He asked her a question whether they can be friends他问了她一个问题:他们能否成为朋友。Point 3  疑问词引导的同位语从句疑问词how, where,when,why等引导同位语从句时，在从句中充当句子成分。●He showed us his way how he worked out that problem.   他向我们展示了他是如何解决那个问题的。Point 4  常见的后跟同位语从句的名词有:demand要求    advice建议    conclusion结论     hope希望    doubt怀疑   fact事实  formation信息message消息   idea主意      news消息          order命令    problem问题    promise诺言question问题  request 请求    suggestion建议    thought想法    truth事实       wish愿望desire渴望;欲望    word消息●When the news came that the war broke out, he decided to serve in the army.当战争爆发的消息传来时,他决定去参军●I made a promise to myself that this year, my first year in high school, would be different.我对自己承诺:今年,也就是我高中的第一年,会有所不同。核心考法  重难突破考法  考查名词性从句引导词的选择名词性从句包括主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。考试大纲要求考生掌握宾语从句、主语从句及表语从句的用法，对同位语从句不作要求，考生了解即可。名词性从句的引导词分为三类:引导词作用从属连词 that无实际意义,在从句中不作成分。whether, if 有实际意义,表示“是否”,在从句中不作成分;在宾语从句中,引导词位于不定式之前、介词之后或引导词后面直接加 or not时,常whether引导;主语从句位于句首时常用 whether引导;表语从句和同位语从句常用 whether引导。连接代词 what, who,which, whoever,whatever等有实际意义,在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语。连接副词 how, when,where, why等 有实际意义,在从句中作状语。如果主语从句较长，常用it作形式主语，而把主语从句置于句末；如果宾语从句之后带有宾语补足语，可用it作形式宾语，而把宾语从句置于句末。【全国I 2019·61]】 While they are rare north of88 ，there is evidence_________ hey range all the way across theArctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada.【解析】句意为:虽然它们很少出现在北纬88度(的地区)，但有证据表明,它们的活动范围遍及整个北极地区,最南可至加拿大的詹姆斯湾。分析句子结构可知,主句为 there be句型,且结构完整,设空处引导同位语从句,解释说明中心词 evidence的内容,故填that。【全国Ⅲ 2018·61】I' n not sure _______ is more frightened,  me or the female gorilla(大猩猩) that suddenlyappears out of nowhere.【解析】句意为:我不确定谁感到更惊恐,是我还是突然出现的雌性大猩猩。分析句子结构可知,设空处引导宾语从句,从句缺主语,根据设空处后的 me or the female gorilla可知,设空处表示“谁”,故应用who引导该从句。