中考英语语法总结——形容词副词及练习

这是一份中考英语语法总结——形容词副词及练习，共7页。试卷主要包含了 形容词的用法， 副词的用法，形容词、副词都有三个等级， _________等内容，欢迎下载使用。
1. 形容词的用法
(1) 形容词在句中作定语, 表语, 宾语补足语。 例如：
Our cuntry is a beautiful cuntry. （作定语）
The fish went bad. （作表语）
We keep ur classrm clean and tidy. （作宾语补足语）
(2) 形容词修饰smething, anything, nthing, everything等不定代词时,形容词放在不定代词后面。
I have smething imprtant t tell yu.
Is there anything interesting in the film.
(3) 用 and 或 r 连接起来的两个形容词作定语时一般把它们放在被修饰的名词后面。起进一步解释的作用。
Everybdy, man and wman, ld and yung, shuld attend the meeting.
Yu can take any bx away, big r small.
(4) the＋形容词表示一类人或物
The rich shuld help the pr.
2. 副词的用法
(1) 副词在句中可作状语,表语和定语。
He studies very hard. （作状语）
Life here is full f jy. （作定语）
When will yu be back? （作表语）
副词按其用途和含义可分为下面五类：
1)时间副词
时间副词通常用来表示动作的时间。常见的时间副词有：nw tday, tmrrw, yesterday, befre, late, early, never, seldm, smetimes, ften, usually, always等。例如：
He ften cmes t schl late.
What are we ging t d tmrrw?
He has never been t Beijing.
2)地点副词
地点副词通常用来表示动作发生的地点。常见的地点副词有：here, there, inside, utside, hme, upstairs, dwnstairs, anywhere, everywhere, nwhere, smewhere, dwn, up, ff, n, in, ut等。例如：
I met an ld friend f mine n my way hme.
He went upstairs.
Put dwn yur name here.
3)方式副词
方式副词一般都是回答“怎样的？”这类问题的，其中绝大部分都是由一个形容词加词尾-ly构成的, 有少数方式副词不带词尾-ly, 它们与形容词同形。常见的方式副词有：anxiusly, badly, bravely, calmly, carefully, prudly, rapidly, suddenly, successfully, angrily, happily, slwly, warmly, well, fast, slw, quick, hard, alne, high, straight, wide等。例如：
The ld man walked hme slwly.
Please listen t the teacher carefully.
The birds are flying high.
He runs very fast.
4)程度副词
程度副词多数用来修饰形容词和副词，有少数用来修饰动词或介词短语。常见的程度副词有：much, (a) little, a bit, very, s, t, enugh, quite, rather, pretty, greatly, cmpletely, nearly, almst, deeply, hardly, partly等。例如：
Her prnunciatin is very gd.
She sings quite well.
I can hardly agree with yu.
5)疑问副词是用来引导特殊疑问句的副词。常见的疑问副词有：hw, when, where, why等。例如：
Hw are yu getting alng with yur studies?
Where were yu yesterday?
Why did yu d that?
(2)副词在句中的位置
1)多数副词作状语时放在动词之后。如果动词带有宾语，则放在宾语之后。例如：
Mr Smith wrks very hard.
She speaks English well.
2)频度副词作状语时，通常放在行为动词之前，情态动词，助动词和be动词之后。例如：
He usually gets up early.
I’ve never heard him singing.
She is seldm ill.
3)程度副词一般放在所修饰的形容词和副词的前面, 但enugh作副词用时，通常放在被修饰词的后面。例：
It is a rather difficult jb.
He runs very fast.
He didn’t wrk hard enugh.
4)副词作定语时，一般放在被修饰的名词之后。例如：
On my way hme, I met my uncle.
The students there have a lt time t d their wn research wrk.
(3)部分常用副词的用法
1) very, much
这两个副词都可表示“很”，但用法不同。Very用来修饰形容词和副词的原级，而much用来修饰形容词和副词的比较级。例如：
She is a very nice girl
I’m feeling much better nw.
Much可以修饰动词，而very则不能。例如：
I dn’t like the idea much.
They did nt talk much.
2) t, either
这两个副词都表示“也”，但t用于肯定句，either用于否定句。例如：
She can dance, and I can dance, t.
I haven’t read the bk and my brther hasn’t either.
3) already, yet
already一般用于语肯定句，yet一般用于否定句。例如：
He has already left.
Have yu heard frm him yet?
He hasn’t answered yet.
4) s, neither
s和neither都可用于倒装句， 但s表示肯定，neither表示否定。
例如：
My brther likes ftball and s d I.
My brther desn’t like dancing and neither d I.
3.形容词、副词都有三个等级：
1、一般构成规律：
2、常见的不规则变化：
4．形容词和副词比较级、最高级的用法
原级的用法：
①肯定句型：
as + 形容词（副词）原级 + as … 意思是 “与……一样”
The by is as clever as his brther. 这个男孩和他的哥哥一样聪明。
Lucy writes as carefully as Lily. 露茜写得和莉莉一样认真。
②否定句型：
nt s/as + 形容词（副词）原级 +as… 意思是“不如……“
Mnkeys are nt as strng as elephants. 猴子不如大象强壮。
He is nt s gd a man as yu. 他没有你好。
比较级的用法：
1、比较级+than
Peter is wiser than Sam.彼得比山姆聪明。
The car is mre beautiful than that ne. 这来辆车比那一辆漂亮。
2、形容词比较级前可用much, even, still, any, far, fur times, a little等修饰。
Peter is much wiser than Sam.彼得比山姆聪明的多。
The rm is a little brighter than that ne. 这间房子比那间稍微亮一点。
3、比较级+and+比较级 意思是“越来越…...”
It rains harder and harder.雨下得越来越大。
4、The+比较级，the+比较级 意思是“越…...就越…...”
The harder yu study, the faster yu make prgress. 你学习越努力，进步就越快。
5、比较级+than any ther+单数名词. 意思是“比其它的任何一个……都更……”（这种情况其实是用比较级的形式表达最高级的意思。）
He is mre stupid than any ther student in his class. 在他班里他比其它任何学生都更愚蠢。
She is taller than any ther girls in the team. 她比队里的其余任何一个女孩都要高。
最高级的用法：
1、有范围修饰的用最高级，如:in, f, amng或用从句修饰的句子中。
This is the mst expensive f all the watches.在所有这些表中这块最贵。
In my family, mther is the busiest.
2、序数词+最高级+名词 表示“第几个最……的”
The Yellw River is the secnd lngest river in China.黄河是中国的第二大河流。
The park is the third largest ne in Beijing. 这个公园是北京第三大公园。
3、ne f the+最高级+复数名词 表示“是最……之一”
America is ne f the richest cuntries in the wrld.美国是世界上最富有的国家之一。
One f the mst beautiful places in Beijing is the Summer Palace.
北京最美丽的地方之一是颐和园。
4、形容词最高级前一定要用the，而副词最高级前可省略。
The elephant is the heaviest in the z.大象是这个动物园里最重的动物。
She came (the) earliest f all the students.所有学生中她来得最早。
形、副比较等级还应注意
1.比较级前用a little ; much / a lt ; even / still来加强语气，表示“……一点儿；……得多 ； 更……”
eg. 1) a little bigger 大一点儿
2)much mre 多得多
3)even heavier更重
但注意：不能在比较级前加s; t; very; quite等。
2.比较级必须是同类事物相比（即as; than后的词应与主语是同类事物），注意常用漏的代词有：that; thse; ne; nes
eg. 1)The apples (A) in this basket (B) are redder (C) than in that basket(D). _________
2)This knife (A) isn’t (B) s (C) new as that (D). _______________
3)Our classrm (A) is (B) bigger (C) than Lily(D). _______________
3.个体与整体相比，不能包括个体，常用“any ther + 单数名词”来进行比较。
eg.1）Betty(是个体) is cleverer than any student in her class(是整体). ( × )
正：Betty is cleverer than any ther student in her class.
=Betty is cleverer than anybdy else in her class.
=Betty is the cleverest in her class.
(特别注意以上三种句型的转换)
2)China is bigger than any cuntry in Africa.
中国比非洲的任何一个国家都大。
3) China is bigger than any ther cuntry in Asia. 中国比亚洲的任何一个其他国家大。
*4.使用最高级时应把主语包括在范围内。
eg. Mary is the tallest f all her sisters.( × )
(all her sisters已排除了Mary)
改：Mary is the tallest f all the sisters.
5.表示“第二、第三……”时，可在最高级前加“secnd , third, …”（但“第一”不能用first）
eg. The Changjiang River is the first lngest river in China. 改错：________________
一. 单项填空
1．There are many yung trees n sides f the rad.
A. every B. each C. bth D. all
2．--- It’s s cld tday.
--- Yes, it’s than it was yesterday.
A. mre cld B. mre clder C. much clder D. cld
3．Little Tm has friends, s he ften plays alne.
A. mre B. a little C. many D. few
4．She isn’t s at maths as yu are.
A. well B. gd C. better D. best
5．Peter writes f the three.
A. better B. best C. gd D. well
6．He is enugh t carry the heavy bx.
A. strnger B. much strnger C. strng D. the strngest
7．I bught exercise-bks with mney.
A. a few; a few B. a few; a little
C. a little; a few D. a little; a little
8．The bx is heavy fr the girl carry.
A. t; t B. t; t C. s; that D. n; t
9．The ice in the lake is abut ne meter . It’s strng enugh t skate n.
A. lng B. high C. thick D. wide
10．Wu Lin ran faster than the ther bys in the sprts meeting.
A. s B. much C. very D. t
11. Jne lks s _______ tday because she has gt an “A” in her maths test.
A. happy B. happily C. angry D. angrily
12. The smile n my father’s face shwed that he was ______ with me.
A. sad B. pleased C. angry D. srry
13. ---Mum, culd yu buy me a dress like this?
---Certainly, we can buy ______ ne than this, but ______ this.
A. a better; better than B. a wrse; as gd as
C. a cheaper; as gd as D. a mre imprtant; gd as
14. ---This digital camera is really cheap!
---The ______ the better. I’m shrt f mney, yu see.
A. cheap B. cheaper C. expensive D. mre expensive
15. If yu want t learn English well, yu must use it as _______ as pssible.
A. ften B. lng C. hard D. sn
16. Paul has ______ friends except me, and smetimes he feels lnely.
A. many B. sme C. few D. mre
17. English peple _____ use Mr. Befre a man’s first name.
A. never B. usually C. ften D. smetimes
18. ---One mre satellite was sent up int space in China in May.
---Right. The gvernment spke ______ that.
A. highly fr B. high f
C. well f D. highly f
19. ---Remember this, children. ______ careful yu are, ______ mistakes yu will make.
---We knw, Miss Ga.
A. The mre; the mre B. The fewer; the mre
C. The mre; the fewer D. The less; the less
20. I have ________ t d tday.
A. anything imprtant B. smething imprtant
C. imprtant nthing D. imprtant smething
二. 用所给单词的适当形式填空
1. My purse was stlen n the bus yesterday. __________ (Frtunate), there was n mney in it.
2. Mbile phnes are _________ (wide) used in mst f the cities in China.
3. He put n his cat and went ut ________ (quick).
4. She is ______ (gd) than Li Ping at swimming.
5. A lt Chinese peple are _______ (pride) f Ya Ming, a famus basketball star in NBA.
6. T ur surprise, he suddenly returned n a cld ______ (snw) night.
7. Allie asked me ______ (plite) t put the things away.
8. It’s snwing hard. Yu must drive ________(careful).
9. The earth we live n is _______ (big) than the mn.
10. Hainan is a very large island. It’s the secnd ________ (large) island in China.
词的特征
变 化
例 词
原 级
比较级
最高级
一般单音节词
直接加-er, -est
strng
high
strnger
higher
strngest
highest
以e结尾的词
加-r, -st
wide
nice
wider
nicer
widest
nicest
以单个辅音字母（非r）结尾的单音节词
双写末尾的辅音字母，再加-er, -est
fat
thin
fatter
thinner
fattest
thinnest
以辅音字母+y结尾的双音节词
变y为i，再加-er,-est
heavy
happy
heavier
happier
heaviest
happiest
少数以-er, -w结尾的双音节词
直接加-er; -est
clever
narrw
cleverer
narrwer
cleverest
narrwest
多数双音节词
多音节词和
源于分词的形容词
在原级前加mre, mst
slwly
difficult
tired
mre slwly
mre difficult
mre tired
mst slwly
mst difficult
mst tired
原 级
比较级
最高级
gd well
better
best
bad badly ill
wrse
wrst
many much
mre
mst
little
less
least
far
farther
further
farthest
furthest
ld
lder
elder
ldest
eldest