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    2022年江苏省盐城市中考英语模拟试卷(二)

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    这是一份2022年江苏省盐城市中考英语模拟试卷(二),共90页。试卷主要包含了单项选择从A,阅读理解等内容,欢迎下载使用。

    2022年江苏省盐城市中考英语模拟试卷(二)
    一、单项选择(共15小题; 每题1分, 计15分)从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个可以填人句中空白处的最佳答案。
    1.(1分)(2022•盐城模拟)I've bought some tea from the Family Mart. Some is black tea, and _________ rest is white tea.(  )
    A.a B.an C.the D./
    2.(1分)(2022•盐城模拟)Since he has many advantages ______ the other three,we prefer to recommend him to be the monitor.(  )
    A.for B.with C.from D.over
    3.(1分)(2022•盐城模拟)—Let's go to the bookstore at half past nine tomorrow morning. —It's too late.Let's make it ______ .(  )
    A.a quarter to nine B.twenty to ten
    C.a quarter to ten D.nine thirty
    4.(1分)(2019•天水)﹣﹣﹣Listen!Is that Linda playing the piano in the room?
    ﹣﹣﹣No.It be Linda,she has gone to London.(  )
    A.may not B.needn't C.can't D.mustn't
    5.(1分)(2022•盐城模拟)You can see the ______ in our faces when we talk about the great achievements in the past 70 years.(  )
    A.doubt B.pride C.ability D.pity
    6.(1分)(2018•武汉)﹣﹣﹣ Who______the computer?
    ﹣﹣﹣ Sorry, I've no idea. But it has changed the world greatly.(  )
    A.invented B.discovered C.made D.played
    7.(1分)(2022•盐城模拟)—Good news!A company producing a special battery will be set up in Taizhou. —True!A series of new policies(政策) have ______ the use of new energy cars around China recently.(  )
    A.pushed in B.put out C.pushed for D.put off
    8.(1分)(2014•连云港)﹣______ will the fog and haze last?
    ﹣I've no idea.There is no sign of an end.(  )
    A.How soon B.How far C.How long D.How often
    9.(1分)(2022•盐城模拟)—Have you had your dinner yet,Jim? —Yes,I have.My mother ______ it for me.(  )
    A.cooked B.have cooked
    C.was cooking D.will cook
    10.(1分)(2022•盐城模拟)﹣﹣﹣ I don't have enough money to buy a gift for Mom,so I made one for her.
    ﹣﹣﹣The gift is full of true love,it ____ will be the most valuable.(  )
    A.certainly B.properly C.hardly D.slowly
    11.(1分)(2022•盐城模拟)To keep healthy,you'd better ______ your nails(指甲) too short.(  )
    A.don't cut B.not cut
    C.not to cut D.not cutting
    12.(1分)(2022•盐城模拟)You'd better follow his advice.______ ,he has practised the law for nearly twenty years.(  )
    A.In all B.At all C.After all D.Above all
    13.(1分)(2022•盐城模拟)— ______ complete mess your room is!You need to tidy it up. —OK,I will.(  )
    A.What B.What a C.How D.How a
    14.(1分)(2022•盐城模拟)—Is there anything else you want to know about China? —Yes,I am still wondering ______ .(  )
    A.why Chinese people like playing the dragon dance.
    B.how is the Chinese paper cutting made.
    C.how was the Great Wall built in ancient time.
    D.why do Chinese people eat rice dumplings.
    15.(1分)(2022•盐城模拟)—Hello,Frank.You look busy.Anything I can do to help? —______(  )
    A.No problem. B.Oh,thanks.I'm OK.
    C.I'm sorry I can't. D.With pleasure.
    二、完形填空(共15题; 每题1分, 计15分)阅读下面短文, 掌握其大意, 然后从各题所给的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案。
    16.(15分)(2022•盐城模拟)Rob Frenette had problems with bullies(霸凌) at school for eleven years.He was always lonely and (1)    until one day he was fifteen.He had had enough of the (2)    and decided to do something about his problems.He walked into a (3)    office and told them about the bullying.The news reporter was shocked and soon his story went into the newspaper and all the TV stations in Canada wanted to talk to him about his(4)    .They also wanted to hear his ideas to stop bullying.
    After that,Rob continued his (5)    at school and got better marks in them.But in his free time,he helped(6)    with bullying problems.With a friend Katie Neu,he made a website called www.bullyingcanada.cn.
    Visitors to the website can find stories,poems and advice about bullying,in both English and French.When people are (7)    ,they can talk on telephone or online to Rob and his team.Every weekend Rob has to (8)    e﹣mails to the people in need on the website.He also talks to children and teachers,even the members of (9)    around the country,about bullying,to make laws to stop school bullies.
    Rob's most important message is: "When bullies are unkind to you,it isn't your fault.There's(10)    wrong with you,so you should try to keep(11)    yourself.You should be brave yourself.And remember that there are people (12)    your problems.What you have to do is just to find those people. "
    One of Rob's ideas is "Blue Day",a (13)    day for stopping bullying in schools.It is called a "Blue Day" because (14)    that day students have to wear blue clothes and in class they learn how to stop bullying.More than 150 Canadian schools now (15)    Blue Day,but Rob won't stop until there's a Blue Day in every school in Canada.
    (1)A.excited
    B.surprised
    C.scared
    D.relaxed
    (2)A.studies
    B.bullies
    C.friends
    D.teachers
    (3)A.post
    B.teachers'
    C.newspaper
    D.headmaster's
    (4)A.descriptions
    B.experiences
    C.successes
    D.ideas
    (5)A.decisions
    B.opinions
    C.stories
    D.studies
    (6)A.himself
    B.the class
    C.others
    D.the school
    (7)A.worrying
    B.exciting
    C.interesting
    D.happy
    (8)A.receive
    B.check
    C.copy
    D.reply
    (9)A.newspaper
    B.school
    C.TV stations
    D.government
    (10)A.nothing
    B.something
    C.everything
    D.anything
    (11)A.encouraging
    B.trusting
    C.believing
    D.teaching
    (12)A.caring about
    B.talking about
    C.joking about
    D.telling about
    (13)A.crazy
    B.surprising
    C.common
    D.special
    (14)A.until
    B.before
    C.on
    D.after
    (15)A.remember
    B.celebrate
    C.forget
    D.refuse
    三、阅读理解(共4小题, 每题2分, 计30分)
    17.(6分)(2022•盐城模拟)Looking forward to watching a film?Come to Ticket Help!
    Sheep without a Shepherd
    118 minutes/Criminal/China
    First run:18:00 Dec 17,2021

    Top 1 in a week.Total income: ¥470 million
    Wanda Cinema
    (VIP Cards)
    Price: ¥38
    Special offer:
    every Tuesday 50%
    10:50,13:30
    15:10,17:20
    19:30,22:10
    Services:
    Free parking.
    Snacks for sale.
    Hengdian Cinema
    (VIP Cards)
    Price: ¥34
    Special offer;
    every Friday 50%
    11:35,14:15
    16:35,18:55
    20:05,21:35
    Services;
    One hour free parking,5
    yuan per half hour after that.
    Bona Cinema
    (No VIP Cards)
    Price: ¥28
    Special offer:
    children under 10 for free
    11:05,12:55
    15:40,17:05
    20:35,22:30
    Services:
    Parking:8 yuan for the first hour,
    3 yuan per half hour after that.
    Future Cinema
    (VIP Cards)
    Price: ¥38
    Special offer:
    weekdays 50%
    9:30,11:40
    14:30,16:00
    18:30,23:00
    Tips:
    Free parking.
    Free ticket changing.
    (1)John wants to watch the film at 17:05,which cinema can he go to?    
    A Wanda Cinema.
    B.Hengdian Cinema.
    C.Bona Cinema.
    D.Future Cinema.
    (2)If Julia wants to see a film at Future Cinema,what can't she enjoy?    
    A.Snacks for sale.
    B.Free parking.
    C.50% ticket price on weekdays.
    D.Free ticket changing.
    (3)We know from the passage that the film Sheep without a Shepherd     .
    A.will be on show in a week
    B.is spoken highly of
    C.is a documentary on animals
    D.costs 470 million yuan to make
    18.(6分)(2022•盐城模拟)Paper cups,plastic bags and old newspapers.There are so many single use things(一次性物品)that we throw away after using only once.
    ①According to news website Quartz,we are now living in a "throw﹣away society".Single﹣use has become a natural way of life and can be seen almost everywhere.
    ②Every day,we see new memes(表情包),stories and Internet slang(网络俚语) on social media.With so many of them coming out all the time,the lifespan(寿命) of each becomes short﹣they become "single use online products".This also means social media users are always searching for the next big thing.
    ③You may feel frustrated(沮丧) when trying to keep up with these memes and slang,but you just cannot help but keep scrolling(滚屏).It is endless no matter it's WeChat Moments(朋友圈),Sina Weibo or Facebook.
    ④While you read single use content(内容) online,you also produce it.Since 2017,WeChat Moments(朋友圈) has allowed users to make only the last three days of their posts viewable(可见的).As a result,more and more people don't take their posts seriously.
    Since it doesn't take too much time and energy to communicate anymore,we now even have disposable(用后即扔的) friendships,according to a story in Fast Company.
    A single﹣use way of life may give you quick pleasure.But the pleasure may not last for long because there is no deep thought behind it.Maybe we need to slow down and enjoy a more thoughtful way of life.
    (1)Where can we best put "But the idea of single﹣use is about more than just plastic and paper."?
       
    A. ①
    B. ②
    C. ③
    D. ④
    (2)Why does the writer mention "WeChat Moments' three days viewable" in Paragraph 5?    
    A.To show that WeChat take all the users' privacy(隐私) seriously.
    B.To explain the reason why the lifespan of memes and slang becomes short.
    C.To teach WeChat users how to post something meaningful on their Moments.
    D.To prove that we are producing single use things when we read them online.
    (3)The writer would probably talk about     if he continues to write this passage.
    A.the disadvantages of single﹣use way of life
    B.the reasons that cause single﹣use way of life
    C.the ways to avoid single﹣use way of life
    D.different opinions about single﹣use way of life
    19.(8分)(2022•盐城模拟)My mom's life was a busy one.Raising four kids on her own was a full time job in itself,but she also worked outside the home.Surprisingly,she always seemed to find a little bit of extra time for us despite(不管) her schedule(预定计划).
    She would take us over to my aunt's in the evening when she worked as a waitress in a small diner.We would just be finished with school and have to hurry,so my mom would be on time for work.I thought she would pass us over to our aunt and hurry off as soon as we made it through the front gate,but that didn't happen,Instead,we would sit on the porch(门廊),my mom in her waitress uniform,and we would rock in my aunt's big wooden swing(秋千) and talk about what happened that day.
    "I learned how to add numbers up to the hundreds," my sister Sandy would say.
    "That's wonderful," my mom would reply,holding her tight.
    "I learned how to write my name!" Larry,my younger brother,would shout.
    My mom would get a piece of paper and a pencil out of her purse and hand it to my brother, "Show me how you do it," she'd ask softly.
    "Do you have enough time to hear what I did today?" I'd ask her.
    Mom would smile at me and nod. "I'm never too busy for something important like that!"
    She gave us the gift of time again and again throughout the years.Later on in her life,when she came to live with us after her retirement(退休),my mom gave the gift of time to my children too.They would run around excitedly,asking their grandma if she would play with them,or read them a story,or go for a walk with them.By then my mom had health problems,but she would always nod and sit down and read to them or tell them stories about when she was a little girl.Those moments were a wonderful gift that my children still talk about and treasure.
    In the last few years of her life,I would take her to lunch or sit with her on the porch,and we would talk about the past,the dream of the future,and just enjoy being with each other.My mom would listen as I shared all of my hopes,my fears,and my dreams for my family.I would look at her and ask her if she minded me taking up so much of her free time.
    "Nonsense," she'd tell me.Then she'd give me a wink and say, "I'm never too busy to spend time with you.It's one of the greatest joys of my life."
    I will always remember those wonderful words and the loving heart behind them.It is a gift my mom give to me for which I will forever be grateful.In this busy world of ours,and in a life filled with challenges,she always had time to share her joy with me.
    (1)According to the passage,we know that the writer grew up     .
    A.in a small diner
    B.in a low﹣paid family
    C.only with her aunt
    D.with four sisters and brothers
    (2)What did the children do on the porch of their aunt's?    
    A.They shared their daily experiences.
    B.They told funny stories to their aunt.
    C.They helped their mother do some work.
    D.They played games together with their aunt.
    (3)After retiring,the writer's mother     .
    A.always stayed alone at home
    B.looked after the writer's children
    C.moved to live with her daughter Sandy
    D.often gave gifts to the writer's children
    (4)What's the best title for the passage?    
    A.Always for pleasure
    B.Mom's gift of time
    C.My children memory
    D.Wonderful retirement life
    20.(10分)(2022•盐城模拟)The next morning they left the Emerald City.The green man took away their glasses and told them the way to the Witch's house. "Everyone is afraid of the Witch of the West," he said. "So be careful!"
    The friends walked for a long time.The road was bad,and there were no houses,no fields,no trees.
    Now the Witch of the West had a magic eye,and it could see everything.She saw the friends on the road,and she was angry.She put on her tall black hat and shouted, "Magic Monkeys﹣come!"
    In a second forty monkeys arrived at her tall house. "What do you want?" they asked "There are three people,a dog,and a lion on my road," she said. "Kill the people and the dog.But bring the lion here to my house.He can work for me."
    "At once," said the Monkeys.And away they went.
    They broke the Tin Man's arms and legs.They took all the straw out of the Scarecrow and threw his clothes up into the tree.Then they took the Lion and carried him to a dark cellar(地下室) under the Witch's house.
    But they could not hurt Dorothy and Toto,because of the good Witch's kiss.So the Monkeys picked them up very carefully and carried them to the Witch's house.The Witch saw the kiss on Dorothy's face,and she was very afraid.But she did not tell Dorothy that .
    "You must work for me in my house now," she said to the child. "All day,and every day.And remember﹣I am watching you all the time."
    Now Dorothy did not know this,but the red shoes were magic.The Witch wanted those shoes very much,but Dorothy never took them off.She took them off when she washed,of course,but the Witch never went near water.She was very,very afraid of water.
    (1)Which place did the Monkeys take the lion to?    
    A.The Emerald City.
    B.The Witch's house.
    C.The dark cellar.
    D.The tall tree.
    (2)The Monkeys couldn't hurt Dorothy and Toto because     .
    A.both of them had magic eyes
    B.the lion could protect them
    C.the Witch wanted them to work for her
    D.the good Witch gave Dorothy a kiss
    (3)What does the underlined word"that"refer to?    
    A.The Witch wanted Dorothy work for her.
    B.The Witch wanted Dorothy's magic shoes.
    C.The Witch were afraid of the kiss on the face.
    D.The Witch would watch Dorothy work all the time.
    (4)Which is the right time order according of what happened in the story?    
    a.The Monkeys took all the straw out of the Scarecrow.
    b.The good Witch gave a kiss on Dorothy's face gently.
    c.The green man showed Dorothy the way to the Witch's house.
    d.The Monkeys carried Dorothy and Toto to the Witch's house.
    e.The Witch asked the Monkeys to kill the people and the dog.
    A.cdeab
    B.bcead
    C.badec
    D.acded
    (5)What can we infer from the story?    
    A.The Witch killed Dorothy and took his shoes away.
    B.Dorothy killed the Witch with a bucket of water.
    C.The Witch threw the Scarecrow's clothes into a tree.
    D.The Witch asked the Toto to work for her house.
    信息还原—六选五。(共2小题, 每小题10分, 计10分)根据短文内容, 从方框中选出五个句子填人文中空缺处, 使短文内容通顺完整。
    21.(10分)(2022•盐城模拟)No one knows what the future will be like.But one thing is for sure.(1)    Many changes will take place in the future.So,what will the changes be?
    The population is growing fast.(2)    Computers will be much smaller and more useful.And computer science will be one of the most important subjects in schools then.People will work fewer hours and they will have more time for sports and traveling.Traveling will be much cheaper and easier.(3)   
    There will be some changes in our food,too.More land will be used to build houses for the large population.Then there will be less space for cows and sheep,so meat will be more expensive. (4)    Instead,people will eat more fruit and vegetables.Maybe people will be healthier and live longer.Work in the future will be different,too. (5)    Because of this,many people may lose their jobs.This will be a problem.
    A.Maybe no one can eat it every day.
    B.There will be more people in the world.
    C.Life in the future will be quite different.
    D.Robots will do dangerous and hard work.
    E.It's difficult to make work easy for people.
    F.And more people will go to foreign countries for holidays.
    22.(10分)(2022•盐城模拟)Do you know that Auckland,New Zealand,is the first city to celebrate New Year and Honolulu,Hawaii,is the last to celebrate it?Around the world,people celebrate New Year on the same date but in different ways.Let's take a look at the different New Year celebrations around the world.
    In Spain,people believe that eating twelve grapes at midnight of New Year's Eve brings good luck.Thus,at midnight of New Year,they eat a grape on every stroke(报时的钟声) of the clock.
    In Rio de Janeiro,Brazil,Copacabana Beach is famous for hosting the largest New Year celebration world wide.Millions of people around the world come here to attend the huge party.Traditionally,the local people honor the beach by throwing white flowers into the sea.People also dress up in white as a good luck charm(幸运符).Fireworks start on New Year's Eve and last until the next day.
    In Sydney,Australia,the world's largest firework show is held.Though the show lasts only for 12 minutes,it attracts people from all over the world.
    In Greece(希腊),January 1st is the day for giving gifts,telling stories and leaving presents in children's shoes at midnight.Every Greek family bakes a cake on this day which has a silver or gold coin hidden inside.Then the cake is cut into slices(片).The cake slices are passed to everyone and whoever gets the coin is believed to have a lucky year ahead.
    根据短文内容,回答下列问题。
    (1)Which city is the last to celebrate New Year?    
    (2)How many grapes do Spanish people eat at midnight of New Year's Eve?    
    (3)What color is thought to bring good luck in Brazil?    
    (4)Where is the world's largest firework show held?    
    (5)What is in the traditional food in Greece on New Year's Day?    
    四、词汇(共5小题, 每题1分, 计20分)根据句意和汉语提示写出单词, 完成句子。
    23.(1分)(2022•盐城模拟)Look at the clouds!It     (看来) rainy tomorrow.
    24.(1分)(2022•盐城模拟)The younger generation has the duty to carry forward Chinese    (传统的)culture.
    25.(1分)(2022•盐城模拟)My father is always     (help) to others.
    26.(1分)(2022•盐城模拟)    (无论什么)I do,I do it for you.Do not ever doubt that,my little girl.
    27.(1分)(2022•盐城模拟)—I'm very glad to put you     (接通).You can speak to your mother now. —Thank you very much.
    五、 根据句意用所给单词的适当形式填空。
    28.(1分)(2022•盐城模拟)I think these dresses must be one of the     (model).
    29.(1分)(2022•盐城模拟)—Lucy,you look unhappy.What happened?
    —Dad,I've made the     (silly) mistake so far.I'm so sorry!
    30.(1分)(2022•盐城模拟)Would you like some     (west) food for dinner?
    31.(1分)(2022•盐城模拟)What do you want to buy for your father's     (forty﹣nine) birthday?
    32.(1分)(2022•盐城模拟)You can make your clothes     (smoothly) with an iron.
    六、根据短文内容及首字母提示, 填写所缺单词, 使短文意思完整。
    33.(10分)(2022•盐城模拟)Different students have different heroes.
    Andy admires Steve Jobs the most.Andy says Jobs not only a great businessman b(1)    an inventor.Jobs said that the whole world should thank him for his i(2)    like the iPhone and iPad.
    Peter admires scientists l(3)    Stephen Hawking and Albert Einstein.He thinks they are like explorers who never stop trying to explore the u(4)    world.They are actually pioneers who lead us to make the world b(5)    .
    John admires some politicians(政治家) like Nelson Mandela,a fighter who devoted all his life to w(6)    for rights of black Africans.He was one of the greatest presidents in h(7)    .
    Girls usually admires artists and writers.For example,Lucy is a m(8)    fan.She admires Beethoven the most.She says that as a E(9)    composer,Beethoven gave courage to people all over the world.
    In a word,students all admire great people who have c(10)    the world greatly.What's more,they have impressed the world.
    五、书面表达(共1题, 计20分)
    34.(20分)(2022•盐城模拟)假设你是21世纪英语报的青少年专栏记者Mike,请你根据下面的读者来信写一份回信,提出合理的建议。

    Dear Mike,
    I am the monitor in my class.However,when I try to organize class activities,my classmates aren't as helpful as I'd like them to be.What can I do?
    I think maybe they think I'm too serious.I want to be funny,but I'm not!A boy in my class is very funny.Everybody likes him and supports him.I want to be as funny as him,but I don't know how.Can you help me?
    Yours,
    Bob
    注意:
    (1)文中不得出现你的真是姓名和学校名称;
    (2)语言通顺,意思连贯,条理清楚,书写规范;
    (3)词数80左右,文章开头已经给出,不计入总词数。
    Dear Bob,
    Thank you for writing this letter to me.I hope I can offer you some useful suggestions.
    _____________________________
    Yours sincerely,
    Mike

    2022年江苏省盐城市中考英语模拟试卷(二)
    参考答案与试题解析
    一、单项选择(共15小题; 每题1分, 计15分)从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个可以填人句中空白处的最佳答案。
    1.(1分)(2022•盐城模拟)I've bought some tea from the Family Mart. Some is black tea, and _________ rest is white tea.(  )
    A.a B.an C.the D./
    【考点】定冠词(the).菁优网版权所有
    【分析】我从家庭集市买了些茶,有些是红茶,其余的是白茶.
    【解答】考查冠词.A一个,修饰辅音音素开头的单词.B一个,修饰元音音素开头的单词.C表示特指.D不填.结合语境"我从家庭集市买了些茶,有些是红茶,其余的是白茶."可知,the rest其余的.表示特指.
    故选:C.
    【点评】考查冠词,冠词包括定冠词the,通常表示特指.不定冠词a和an,a修饰以辅音音素开头的单词,an修饰以元音音素开头的单词.要根据语境完成试题.
    2.(1分)(2022•盐城模拟)Since he has many advantages ______ the other three,we prefer to recommend him to be the monitor.(  )
    A.for B.with C.from D.over
    【考点】常用介词的辨析.菁优网版权所有
    【分析】由于他比其他三个人有优势,我们更愿意选他当班长。
    【解答】for为了;with一起;from从......;over多于,超过;have advantages over 是固定搭配,意为"比......有优势"。
    故选:D。
    【点评】掌握短语的固定搭配,注意介词用法,结合语境,选择正确答案。
    3.(1分)(2022•盐城模拟)—Let's go to the bookstore at half past nine tomorrow morning. —It's too late.Let's make it ______ .(  )
    A.a quarter to nine B.twenty to ten
    C.a quarter to ten D.nine thirty
    【考点】时刻.菁优网版权所有
    【分析】﹣﹣让我们明天上午九点半去书店吧。
    ﹣﹣太晚了。我们定在八点四十五分吧。
    【解答】选项A是八点四十五;选项B是九点四十;选项C是九点四十五;选项D是九点半。题干中时间half past nine是九点半,根据"It's too late."一句意思可知本题正确答案是A。
    故选:A。
    【点评】解答本题需要理解所给选项的意思和表达时间的方法,再根据题干的字面意思选出正确答案。
    4.(1分)(2019•天水)﹣﹣﹣Listen!Is that Linda playing the piano in the room?
    ﹣﹣﹣No.It be Linda,she has gone to London.(  )
    A.may not B.needn't C.can't D.mustn't
    【考点】情态动词.菁优网版权所有
    【分析】﹣听!在房间里弹钢琴的是琳达.﹣不,它不可能是琳达.她已经去伦敦了.
    【解答】根据句意:﹣听!在房间里弹钢琴的是琳达.﹣不,它不可能是琳达.她已经去伦敦了.结合选项,A.可符合题意.能不 B.不必 C.不可能 D.不可以,选项C
    故选:C。
    【点评】熟悉情态动词的用法,结合题意,给出答案.
    5.(1分)(2022•盐城模拟)You can see the ______ in our faces when we talk about the great achievements in the past 70 years.(  )
    A.doubt B.pride C.ability D.pity
    【考点】名词的词义辨析.菁优网版权所有
    【分析】当我们谈及过去70年里取得的巨大成就,你可以看到我们脸上的自豪。
    【解答】doubt怀疑;pride自豪,骄傲;ability能力;pity遗憾;根据句意,我们谈及过去70年里取得的巨大成就,可知我们脸上有自豪的表情。
    故选:B。
    【点评】在理解名词意思的基础上,根据具体语境,仔细分析,完成试题。
    6.(1分)(2018•武汉)﹣﹣﹣ Who______the computer?
    ﹣﹣﹣ Sorry, I've no idea. But it has changed the world greatly.(  )
    A.invented B.discovered C.made D.played
    【考点】动词词义辨析.菁优网版权所有
    【分析】﹣﹣谁发明了计算机?
    ﹣﹣对不起,我不知道,但它极大地改变了世界.
    【解答】考查动词.A发明.B发现.C制造.D玩.结合语境"﹣﹣谁___了计算机?﹣﹣对不起,我不知道,但它极大地改变了世界.".可知,应该是"发明".
    故选:A.
    【点评】此题知识点是考查动词,动词是表示动作或者是状态的词,要结合语境,注意时态,人称等变化,掌握一些固定搭配.选择合适答案完成试题.
    7.(1分)(2022•盐城模拟)—Good news!A company producing a special battery will be set up in Taizhou. —True!A series of new policies(政策) have ______ the use of new energy cars around China recently.(  )
    A.pushed in B.put out C.pushed for D.put off
    【考点】动词短语.菁优网版权所有
    【分析】﹣﹣好消息!一家生产特殊电池的公司将在泰州成立。
    ﹣﹣正是!最近一系列新政策推动了中国新能源汽车的使用。
    【解答】pushed in推进去;put out扑灭;pushed for推动;put off推迟;根据A series of new policies(政策) have ______ the use of new energy cars around China recently,可知是指一系列新政策推动了中国新能源汽车的使用。
    故选:C。
    【点评】熟悉动词短语的用法,结合题意,给出答案。
    8.(1分)(2014•连云港)﹣______ will the fog and haze last?
    ﹣I've no idea.There is no sign of an end.(  )
    A.How soon B.How far C.How long D.How often
    【考点】疑问词组.菁优网版权所有
    【分析】﹣这场雾霾将持续多长时间?
    ﹣我也不知道.没有结束的迹象.
    【解答】答案:C 根据句中的关键词last持续以及答语There is no sign of an end可知这场雾霾还在持续当中,可知应该是强调一个时间段,意为多久,多长时间.结合选项,how soon意为还要多久,一般和将来时连用;how far多远;how long 多长时间;how often多长时间一次.根据意义,故选C.
    【点评】此题考查疑问词组的用法.做题时联系上下句的语境,并善于抓住和时间有关的关键词结合选项选出答案,必要时可一一排除.要求学生对这种常见的疑问词组的意义一定要记牢,这样做起题来就会事半功倍.
    9.(1分)(2022•盐城模拟)—Have you had your dinner yet,Jim? —Yes,I have.My mother ______ it for me.(  )
    A.cooked B.have cooked
    C.was cooking D.will cook
    【考点】一般过去时.菁优网版权所有
    【分析】﹣﹣吉姆,你吃过晚饭了吗?﹣﹣是的,我吃过了。我母亲为我做的。
    【解答】cook(煮饭)选项A是一般过去时态;选项B是现在完成时态;选项C是过去进行时态;选项D是一般将来时态。根据后一句意思可知"做饭"这个动作是在说话前发生过,和说话时没有关系,因此应该用一般过去时态,本题正确答案是A。
    故选:A。
    【点评】解答本题首先分析结构,理解字面意思和提供的语境,再根据所给答案的不同形式选择正确答案。
    10.(1分)(2022•盐城模拟)﹣﹣﹣ I don't have enough money to buy a gift for Mom,so I made one for her.
    ﹣﹣﹣The gift is full of true love,it ____ will be the most valuable.(  )
    A.certainly B.properly C.hardly D.slowly
    【考点】副词的词义辨析.菁优网版权所有
    【分析】﹣﹣我没有足够的钱给妈妈买礼物,所以我为她做了一个。
    ﹣﹣这个礼物充满了真爱,它当然是最有价值的。
    【解答】certainly当然;properly正确地;hardly几乎不;slowly缓慢地;根据上一句"这个礼物充满了真爱",所以它"当然"是最有价值的,A符合题意。
    故选:A。
    【点评】辨析选项中副词的意思,理解句意,结合句意完成试题。
    11.(1分)(2022•盐城模拟)To keep healthy,you'd better ______ your nails(指甲) too short.(  )
    A.don't cut B.not cut
    C.not to cut D.not cutting
    【考点】动词的固定搭配.菁优网版权所有
    【分析】为了保持健康,你最好不要把指甲剪得太短。
    【解答】根据句意:为了保持健康,你最好不要把指甲剪得太短。考查had better not do sth最好不要做某事。
    故选:B。
    【点评】熟悉动词固定搭配的用法,结合题意,给出答案。
    12.(1分)(2022•盐城模拟)You'd better follow his advice.______ ,he has practised the law for nearly twenty years.(  )
    A.In all B.At all C.After all D.Above all
    【考点】介词短语.菁优网版权所有
    【分析】你最好听从他的建议。毕竟,他从事法律工作将近20年了。
    【解答】in all总计;at all根本;after all毕竟、终究;above all首先、最重要的;根据"You'd better follow his advice."你最好听从他的建议。可知毕竟,他从事法律工作将近20年了,因此选C项符合题意。
    故选:C。
    【点评】正确辨析各介词短语的含义,结合题干句意选择作答。
    13.(1分)(2022•盐城模拟)— ______ complete mess your room is!You need to tidy it up. —OK,I will.(  )
    A.What B.What a C.How D.How a
    【考点】感叹句.菁优网版权所有
    【分析】﹣你的房间真是一团糟!你需要整理一下。﹣好的,我会的。
    【解答】感叹句的构成为:1、What+a/an+(形容词)+单数可数名词+主语+谓语!2、What+(形容词)+可数名词复数或不可数名词+主语+谓语!3、How+形容词(副词)+主语+谓语!mess可数名词,脏,complete辅音音素开头,所以要用what a修饰。
    故选:B。
    【点评】主要考查的是对句子意思的理解和对感叹句的掌握。
    14.(1分)(2022•盐城模拟)—Is there anything else you want to know about China? —Yes,I am still wondering ______ .(  )
    A.why Chinese people like playing the dragon dance.
    B.how is the Chinese paper cutting made.
    C.how was the Great Wall built in ancient time.
    D.why do Chinese people eat rice dumplings.
    【考点】宾语从句.菁优网版权所有
    【分析】﹣关于中国,你还有什么想知道的吗?
    ﹣是的,我还在想为什么中国人喜欢舞龙。
    【解答】根据题干,可知考查宾语从句。用陈述语序,选项BCD是疑问语序,故排除BCD。
    故选:A。
    【点评】熟悉宾语从句的用法,结合题意,给出答案。
    15.(1分)(2022•盐城模拟)—Hello,Frank.You look busy.Anything I can do to help? —______(  )
    A.No problem. B.Oh,thanks.I'm OK.
    C.I'm sorry I can't. D.With pleasure.
    【考点】情境对话.菁优网版权所有
    【分析】﹣﹣你好,弗兰克。你看起来很忙。有什么我能帮忙的吗?
    ﹣﹣哦,谢谢。我没事。
    【解答】No problem.没问题。Oh,thanks.I'm OK.哦,谢谢。我没事。I'm sorry I can't.对不起,我不能。With pleasure.乐意效劳。根据You look busy.Anything I can do to help"你看起来很忙。有什么我能帮忙的吗?"可知,应该回答"哦,谢谢。我没事。"
    故选:B。
    【点评】在日常学习中要从实际情景交际中多练习,掌握一些习惯用语。结合语境,分析选项,选择正确的回答,完成练习。
    二、完形填空(共15题; 每题1分, 计15分)阅读下面短文, 掌握其大意, 然后从各题所给的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案。
    16.(15分)(2022•盐城模拟)Rob Frenette had problems with bullies(霸凌) at school for eleven years.He was always lonely and (1) C  until one day he was fifteen.He had had enough of the (2) B  and decided to do something about his problems.He walked into a (3) C  office and told them about the bullying.The news reporter was shocked and soon his story went into the newspaper and all the TV stations in Canada wanted to talk to him about his(4) B  .They also wanted to hear his ideas to stop bullying.
    After that,Rob continued his (5) D  at school and got better marks in them.But in his free time,he helped(6) C  with bullying problems.With a friend Katie Neu,he made a website called www.bullyingcanada.cn.
    Visitors to the website can find stories,poems and advice about bullying,in both English and French.When people are (7) A  ,they can talk on telephone or online to Rob and his team.Every weekend Rob has to (8) D  e﹣mails to the people in need on the website.He also talks to children and teachers,even the members of (9) D  around the country,about bullying,to make laws to stop school bullies.
    Rob's most important message is: "When bullies are unkind to you,it isn't your fault.There's(10) A  wrong with you,so you should try to keep(11) B  yourself.You should be brave yourself.And remember that there are people (12) A  your problems.What you have to do is just to find those people. "
    One of Rob's ideas is "Blue Day",a (13) D  day for stopping bullying in schools.It is called a "Blue Day" because (14) C  that day students have to wear blue clothes and in class they learn how to stop bullying.More than 150 Canadian schools now (15) B  Blue Day,but Rob won't stop until there's a Blue Day in every school in Canada.
    (1)A.excited
    B.surprised
    C.scared
    D.relaxed
    (2)A.studies
    B.bullies
    C.friends
    D.teachers
    (3)A.post
    B.teachers'
    C.newspaper
    D.headmaster's
    (4)A.descriptions
    B.experiences
    C.successes
    D.ideas
    (5)A.decisions
    B.opinions
    C.stories
    D.studies
    (6)A.himself
    B.the class
    C.others
    D.the school
    (7)A.worrying
    B.exciting
    C.interesting
    D.happy
    (8)A.receive
    B.check
    C.copy
    D.reply
    (9)A.newspaper
    B.school
    C.TV stations
    D.government
    (10)A.nothing
    B.something
    C.everything
    D.anything
    (11)A.encouraging
    B.trusting
    C.believing
    D.teaching
    (12)A.caring about
    B.talking about
    C.joking about
    D.telling about
    (13)A.crazy
    B.surprising
    C.common
    D.special
    (14)A.until
    B.before
    C.on
    D.after
    (15)A.remember
    B.celebrate
    C.forget
    D.refuse
    【考点】记叙文.菁优网版权所有
    【分析】本文章主要讲述了Rob Frenette在学校的时候经常受欺凌,后来他终于把这件事说出来,并创建了一个网站为他人提供一些反欺凌的建议。
    【解答】(1)形容词辨析。A.兴奋的;B.惊讶的;C.害怕的;D.放松的。根据上文Rob Frenette had problems with bullies(霸凌) at school for eleven years.(Rob Frenette在学校有十一年的受欺凌问题。)可知应该既孤独又害怕。故选C。
    (2)名词辨析。A.学习;B.欺凌;C.朋友;D.老师。根据decided to do something about his problems.(决定为他的问题做点什么。)可知应该是受够了欺凌。故选B。
    (3)名词辨析。A.邮递;B.老师的;B.报社;D.校长的。根据soon his story went into the newspaper(很快他的故事登上了报纸)可知是报社。故选C。
    (4)名词辨析。A.描述;B.经历;C.成功;D.想法。根据上文told them about the bullying.(告诉他们欺凌的事。)可知是他的经历。故选B。
    (5)名词辨析。A.决定;B.意见;C.故事;D.学习。根据at school (在学校)应该是继续在学校学习。故选D。
    (6)代词辨析。A.他自己;B.课;C.别人;D.学校。根据he helped (6)with bullying problems.(帮助别人解决欺凌问题。)可知此处是指别人。故选C。
    (7)形容词辨析。A.担心的;B.兴奋的;C.有趣的;D.开心的。根据they can talk on telephone or online to Rob and his team.(他们可以通过电话或在线与Rob 和他的团队交谈。)应该是有所担心,可以打电话。故选A。
    (8)动词辨析。A.收到;B.检查;C.复制;D.回复。根据e﹣mails to the people in need on the website.(通过电子邮件发送给网站上需要帮助的人。)可知是回复邮件。故选D。
    (9)名词辨析。A.报纸;B.学校;C.电视台;D.政府。根据to make laws to stop school bullies(制定法律制止校园欺凌)制定法律,可知是政府。故选D。
    (10)代词辨析。A.没有什么;B.一些事情;C.所有事情;D.任何事情。根据上句it isn't your fault.(这不是你的错。)可知你没有什么错误。故选A。
    (11)动词辨析。A.鼓励;B.信任;C.相信;D.教。根据上句你没有什么错误,可知要信任你自己。故选B。
    (12)动词短语辨析。A.关心;B.谈论;C.开玩笑;D.告诉。根据And remember that there are people (12)your problems.(记得有人关心你的问题。)故选A。
    (13)形容词辨析。A.疯狂的;B.惊讶的;C.普通的;D.特殊的。根据Blue Day(忧郁的一天)和下文描述,应该是特别的一天。故选D。
    (14)连词辨析。A.直到;B.在...之前;C.在...上;D.在...之后。根据that day students have to wear blue clothes and in class they learn how to stop bullying.(在那一天,学生们必须穿蓝色的衣服,在课堂上他们学习如何停止欺凌。)具体某一天用on。故选是C。
    (15)动词辨析。A.记得;B.庆祝;C.忘记;D.拒绝。根据More than 150 Canadian schools now (15)Blue Day.(150多所学校庆祝Blue Day。)故选B。
    【点评】首先要通读全文,了解文章大意,紧紧抓住上下文语境所提供的信息,然后明确词意,结合排除法逐一选出答案,最后再通读全文核对答案。
    三、阅读理解(共4小题, 每题2分, 计30分)
    17.(6分)(2022•盐城模拟)Looking forward to watching a film?Come to Ticket Help!
    Sheep without a Shepherd
    118 minutes/Criminal/China
    First run:18:00 Dec 17,2021

    Top 1 in a week.Total income: ¥470 million
    Wanda Cinema
    (VIP Cards)
    Price: ¥38
    Special offer:
    every Tuesday 50%
    10:50,13:30
    15:10,17:20
    19:30,22:10
    Services:
    Free parking.
    Snacks for sale.
    Hengdian Cinema
    (VIP Cards)
    Price: ¥34
    Special offer;
    every Friday 50%
    11:35,14:15
    16:35,18:55
    20:05,21:35
    Services;
    One hour free parking,5
    yuan per half hour after that.
    Bona Cinema
    (No VIP Cards)
    Price: ¥28
    Special offer:
    children under 10 for free
    11:05,12:55
    15:40,17:05
    20:35,22:30
    Services:
    Parking:8 yuan for the first hour,
    3 yuan per half hour after that.
    Future Cinema
    (VIP Cards)
    Price: ¥38
    Special offer:
    weekdays 50%
    9:30,11:40
    14:30,16:00
    18:30,23:00
    Tips:
    Free parking.
    Free ticket changing.
    (1)John wants to watch the film at 17:05,which cinema can he go to?  C 
    A Wanda Cinema.
    B.Hengdian Cinema.
    C.Bona Cinema.
    D.Future Cinema.
    (2)If Julia wants to see a film at Future Cinema,what can't she enjoy?  A 
    A.Snacks for sale.
    B.Free parking.
    C.50% ticket price on weekdays.
    D.Free ticket changing.
    (3)We know from the passage that the film Sheep without a Shepherd  B  .
    A.will be on show in a week
    B.is spoken highly of
    C.is a documentary on animals
    D.costs 470 million yuan to make
    【考点】广告布告类阅读.菁优网版权所有
    【分析】材料讲了电影Sheep without a Shepherd以及几个电影院的情况。
    【解答】(1)细节理解题。根据Bona Cinema.17:05.(博纳电影院。17:05。)可知约翰想在17:05看电影,他可以去博纳电影院。故选C。
    (2)推理判断题。根据Future Cinema(VIP Cards).Price: ¥38;Special offer:weekdays 50%.Tips:Free parking.Free ticket changing.(未来影院(VIP卡)。价格:¥38;特别优惠:工作日50%。小贴士:免费停车。免费换票。没有提到出售的零食。)可知如果朱莉娅想在未来的电影院看电影,她不能享用出售的零食。故选A。
    (3)细节理解题。根据图片内容五星级评价132 thousand reviews,9.3.(13.2万条评论,9.3。)可知从这篇文章中我们知道电影Sheep without a Shepherd,受到高度评价。故选B。
    【点评】首先要通读全文,了解文章大意,紧紧抓住上下文语境所提供的信息,然后明确词意,结合排除法逐一选出答案,最后再通读全文,核对答案。
    18.(6分)(2022•盐城模拟)Paper cups,plastic bags and old newspapers.There are so many single use things(一次性物品)that we throw away after using only once.
    ①According to news website Quartz,we are now living in a "throw﹣away society".Single﹣use has become a natural way of life and can be seen almost everywhere.
    ②Every day,we see new memes(表情包),stories and Internet slang(网络俚语) on social media.With so many of them coming out all the time,the lifespan(寿命) of each becomes short﹣they become "single use online products".This also means social media users are always searching for the next big thing.
    ③You may feel frustrated(沮丧) when trying to keep up with these memes and slang,but you just cannot help but keep scrolling(滚屏).It is endless no matter it's WeChat Moments(朋友圈),Sina Weibo or Facebook.
    ④While you read single use content(内容) online,you also produce it.Since 2017,WeChat Moments(朋友圈) has allowed users to make only the last three days of their posts viewable(可见的).As a result,more and more people don't take their posts seriously.
    Since it doesn't take too much time and energy to communicate anymore,we now even have disposable(用后即扔的) friendships,according to a story in Fast Company.
    A single﹣use way of life may give you quick pleasure.But the pleasure may not last for long because there is no deep thought behind it.Maybe we need to slow down and enjoy a more thoughtful way of life.
    (1)Where can we best put "But the idea of single﹣use is about more than just plastic and paper."?
     A 
    A. ①
    B. ②
    C. ③
    D. ④
    (2)Why does the writer mention "WeChat Moments' three days viewable" in Paragraph 5?  D 
    A.To show that WeChat take all the users' privacy(隐私) seriously.
    B.To explain the reason why the lifespan of memes and slang becomes short.
    C.To teach WeChat users how to post something meaningful on their Moments.
    D.To prove that we are producing single use things when we read them online.
    (3)The writer would probably talk about  C  if he continues to write this passage.
    A.the disadvantages of single﹣use way of life
    B.the reasons that cause single﹣use way of life
    C.the ways to avoid single﹣use way of life
    D.different opinions about single﹣use way of life
    【考点】新闻报道类阅读.菁优网版权所有
    【分析】本文主要讲述了单一的生活方式的相关情况。
    【解答】(1)推理判断题。根据①后面According to news website Quartz,we are now living in a "throw﹣away society".Single﹣use has become a natural way of life and can be seen almost everywhere.(据新闻网站Quartz报道,我们现在生活在一个"扔掉的社会"。一次性使用已成为一种自然的生活方式,几乎随处可见。)可知"But the idea of single﹣use is about more than just plastic and paper.""但是一次性使用的概念不仅仅是塑料和纸"放在①处比较合适。故选A。
    (3)细节理解题。根据While you read single﹣use content (内容) online,you also produce it.Since 2017,WeChat Moments (朋友圈) has allowed users to make only the last three days of their posts viewable (可见的).(在线阅读一次性内容(single﹣use﹣content,简称single﹣use﹣content,简称"一次性内容")时,也会生成一次性内容。自2017年以来,微信时刻(WeChat Moments)只允许用户在最后三天内查看他们的帖子。)可知可知作者在第5段提到"微信时刻的三天可观看"以证明我们在网上阅读时是在生产一次性产品。故选D。
    (3)推理判断题。根据文章最后一段 A single﹣use way of life may give you quick pleasure.But the pleasure may not last for long because there is no deep thought behind it.Maybe we need to slow down and enjoy a more thoughtful way of life.(一种单一的生活方式可能会给你带来快感。但这种快乐可能不会持续太久,因为它背后没有深思熟虑。也许我们需要放慢脚步,享受更体贴的生活方式。)可知可以推断如果作者继续写这篇文章,他可能会谈论如何避免这种单一的生活方式。故选C。
    【点评】阅读题型,要注重句子与句子之间、段落与段落之间逻辑关系以及对篇章的整体理解。根据所给问题选择正确选项完成试题。
    19.(8分)(2022•盐城模拟)My mom's life was a busy one.Raising four kids on her own was a full time job in itself,but she also worked outside the home.Surprisingly,she always seemed to find a little bit of extra time for us despite(不管) her schedule(预定计划).
    She would take us over to my aunt's in the evening when she worked as a waitress in a small diner.We would just be finished with school and have to hurry,so my mom would be on time for work.I thought she would pass us over to our aunt and hurry off as soon as we made it through the front gate,but that didn't happen,Instead,we would sit on the porch(门廊),my mom in her waitress uniform,and we would rock in my aunt's big wooden swing(秋千) and talk about what happened that day.
    "I learned how to add numbers up to the hundreds," my sister Sandy would say.
    "That's wonderful," my mom would reply,holding her tight.
    "I learned how to write my name!" Larry,my younger brother,would shout.
    My mom would get a piece of paper and a pencil out of her purse and hand it to my brother, "Show me how you do it," she'd ask softly.
    "Do you have enough time to hear what I did today?" I'd ask her.
    Mom would smile at me and nod. "I'm never too busy for something important like that!"
    She gave us the gift of time again and again throughout the years.Later on in her life,when she came to live with us after her retirement(退休),my mom gave the gift of time to my children too.They would run around excitedly,asking their grandma if she would play with them,or read them a story,or go for a walk with them.By then my mom had health problems,but she would always nod and sit down and read to them or tell them stories about when she was a little girl.Those moments were a wonderful gift that my children still talk about and treasure.
    In the last few years of her life,I would take her to lunch or sit with her on the porch,and we would talk about the past,the dream of the future,and just enjoy being with each other.My mom would listen as I shared all of my hopes,my fears,and my dreams for my family.I would look at her and ask her if she minded me taking up so much of her free time.
    "Nonsense," she'd tell me.Then she'd give me a wink and say, "I'm never too busy to spend time with you.It's one of the greatest joys of my life."
    I will always remember those wonderful words and the loving heart behind them.It is a gift my mom give to me for which I will forever be grateful.In this busy world of ours,and in a life filled with challenges,she always had time to share her joy with me.
    (1)According to the passage,we know that the writer grew up  B  .
    A.in a small diner
    B.in a low﹣paid family
    C.only with her aunt
    D.with four sisters and brothers
    (2)What did the children do on the porch of their aunt's?  A 
    A.They shared their daily experiences.
    B.They told funny stories to their aunt.
    C.They helped their mother do some work.
    D.They played games together with their aunt.
    (3)After retiring,the writer's mother  B  .
    A.always stayed alone at home
    B.looked after the writer's children
    C.moved to live with her daughter Sandy
    D.often gave gifts to the writer's children
    (4)What's the best title for the passage?  B 
    A.Always for pleasure
    B.Mom's gift of time
    C.My children memory
    D.Wonderful retirement life
    【考点】人物故事类阅读.菁优网版权所有
    【分析】短文主要叙述了作者母亲的一生。无论是年轻时照顾四个子女,还是退休后照顾作者的孩子们,她总是很有爱心,耐心,作者对母亲感激不尽。
    【解答】(1)推理判断题。根据 She would take us over to my aunt's in the evening when she worked as a waitress in a small diner.(晚上,当她在一家小餐馆当服务员时,她会带我们去姑姑家。)可推断出作者在一个低薪家庭长大。故选B。
    (2)细节理解题。根据Instead,we would sit on the porch(门廊),my mom in her waitress uniform,and we would rock in my aunt's big wooden swing(秋千) and talk about what happened that day.(相反,我们坐在门廊上,妈妈穿着女服务员的制服,我们坐在姑姑的大木秋千上,谈论那天发生的事情。)可知,孩子们在姑姑家的门廊上分享他们的日常经历。故选A。
    (3)推理判断题。根据Later on in her life,when she came to live with us after her retirement(退休),my mom gave the gift of time to my children too.They would run around excitedly,asking their grandma if she would play with them,or read them a story,or go for a walk with them.(在她晚年的生活中,当她退休后和我们住在一起时,我妈妈也把时间的礼物送给了我的孩子们。他们会兴奋地跑来跑去,问奶奶是否愿意和他们一起玩,或者给他们读个故事,或者和他们一起散步。)可推断出作者的母亲退休后照顾作者的孩子们。故选B。
    (4)最佳标题题。通读全文,根据It is a gift my mom give to me for which I will forever be grateful.In this busy world of ours,and in a life filled with challenges,she always had time to share her joy with me.(这是我妈妈送给我的礼物,我将永远感激。在我们这个忙碌的世界里,在充满挑战的生活中,她总是有时间和我分享她的快乐。)可知短文叙述了作者母亲的一生。无论是年轻时照顾四个子女,还是退休后照顾作者的孩子们,她总是花时间与我们在一起,故文章的最佳标题应是"妈妈的时间礼物"。故选B。
    【点评】做题时首先对原文材料迅速浏览,掌握全文的主旨大意。带着问题,再回到原文中去寻找、捕获有关信息。
    20.(10分)(2022•盐城模拟)The next morning they left the Emerald City.The green man took away their glasses and told them the way to the Witch's house. "Everyone is afraid of the Witch of the West," he said. "So be careful!"
    The friends walked for a long time.The road was bad,and there were no houses,no fields,no trees.
    Now the Witch of the West had a magic eye,and it could see everything.She saw the friends on the road,and she was angry.She put on her tall black hat and shouted, "Magic Monkeys﹣come!"
    In a second forty monkeys arrived at her tall house. "What do you want?" they asked "There are three people,a dog,and a lion on my road," she said. "Kill the people and the dog.But bring the lion here to my house.He can work for me."
    "At once," said the Monkeys.And away they went.
    They broke the Tin Man's arms and legs.They took all the straw out of the Scarecrow and threw his clothes up into the tree.Then they took the Lion and carried him to a dark cellar(地下室) under the Witch's house.
    But they could not hurt Dorothy and Toto,because of the good Witch's kiss.So the Monkeys picked them up very carefully and carried them to the Witch's house.The Witch saw the kiss on Dorothy's face,and she was very afraid.But she did not tell Dorothy that .
    "You must work for me in my house now," she said to the child. "All day,and every day.And remember﹣I am watching you all the time."
    Now Dorothy did not know this,but the red shoes were magic.The Witch wanted those shoes very much,but Dorothy never took them off.She took them off when she washed,of course,but the Witch never went near water.She was very,very afraid of water.
    (1)Which place did the Monkeys take the lion to?  C 
    A.The Emerald City.
    B.The Witch's house.
    C.The dark cellar.
    D.The tall tree.
    (2)The Monkeys couldn't hurt Dorothy and Toto because  D  .
    A.both of them had magic eyes
    B.the lion could protect them
    C.the Witch wanted them to work for her
    D.the good Witch gave Dorothy a kiss
    (3)What does the underlined word"that"refer to?  C 
    A.The Witch wanted Dorothy work for her.
    B.The Witch wanted Dorothy's magic shoes.
    C.The Witch were afraid of the kiss on the face.
    D.The Witch would watch Dorothy work all the time.
    (4)Which is the right time order according of what happened in the story?  B 
    a.The Monkeys took all the straw out of the Scarecrow.
    b.The good Witch gave a kiss on Dorothy's face gently.
    c.The green man showed Dorothy the way to the Witch's house.
    d.The Monkeys carried Dorothy and Toto to the Witch's house.
    e.The Witch asked the Monkeys to kill the people and the dog.
    A.cdeab
    B.bcead
    C.badec
    D.acded
    (5)What can we infer from the story?  B 
    A.The Witch killed Dorothy and took his shoes away.
    B.Dorothy killed the Witch with a bucket of water.
    C.The Witch threw the Scarecrow's clothes into a tree.
    D.The Witch asked the Toto to work for her house.
    【考点】人物故事类阅读.菁优网版权所有
    【分析】本文是《绿野仙踪》的一个片段。讲的是多萝西寻找西方女巫被抓的情节。
    【解答】(1)细节理解题。根据第六段Then they took the lion and caried him to a dark celar under the Witch's house .(然后他们把狮子带到巫婆房子下面的一个黑暗的城堡里。)可知,猴子把狮子带到了女巫房子下面的一个黑暗的地窖。故选C。
    (2)细节理解题。根据第七段But they could not hurt Dorothy and Toto ,because of the good Witch ' s kiss ."和 The Witch saw the kiss on Dorothy's face.(但是他们不能伤害多萝西和托托,因为善良女巫的吻。女巫看到了多萝西脸上的吻。)可知,它们不能伤害多萝茜和托托,因为多萝茜脸上善良女巫的吻。故选D。
    (3)词句猜测题。根据第七段The Witch saw the kiss on Dorothy 's face ,and she was very afraid .But she did not tell Dorothy that .(女巫看到桃乐丝脸上的吻,她非常害怕。但她没有告诉多萝西。)可知,that 指代的是"女巫看到多萝茜脸上的吻很害怕"这件事。故选C。
    (4)推理判断题。根据文中第七段But they could not hurt Dorothy and Toto ,because of the good Witch 's kiss ,可知,坏女巫和猴子们见到他们之前,这件事就已经发生了,所以应是"善良的女巫在 Dorothy 的脸上轻轻地吻了一下。"排在所有事情的前面:根据文中故事的发展" The green man took away their glasses and told them the way to the Witch 's house ."小绿人给多萝茜指了去女巫家的路、" Kill the people and the dog .But bring the lion here to my house .He can work for me ."女巫让猴子们去杀了人和狗、" They took al the straw out of the Scarecrow and threw his clothes up into the tree ."猴子们把稻草人身上所有的稻草都拿走了、" But they could not hurt Dorothy and Toto ,because of the good Witch's kiss .So the Monkeys picked them up very carefully and carried them to the Witch's house ."猴子们把多萝茜和托托带到女巫的房子里。可知,正确的顺序应是bcead "。故选B。
    (5)推理判断题。根据最后一段but the Witch never went near water .She was very ,very afraid of water.(但女巫从未靠近过水。她非常非常害怕水。)并结合原著可知,女巫怕水,最后多萝茜用水杀死了女巫。故选B。
    【点评】做题时首先对原文材料迅速浏览,掌握全文的主旨大意。其次,细读题材,各个击破。掌握全文的大意之后,细细阅读材料后的问题,弄清每题要求后,带着问题,再回到原文中去寻找、捕获有关信息。
    信息还原—六选五。(共2小题, 每小题10分, 计10分)根据短文内容, 从方框中选出五个句子填人文中空缺处, 使短文内容通顺完整。
    21.(10分)(2022•盐城模拟)No one knows what the future will be like.But one thing is for sure.(1) C  Many changes will take place in the future.So,what will the changes be?
    The population is growing fast.(2) B  Computers will be much smaller and more useful.And computer science will be one of the most important subjects in schools then.People will work fewer hours and they will have more time for sports and traveling.Traveling will be much cheaper and easier.(3) F 
    There will be some changes in our food,too.More land will be used to build houses for the large population.Then there will be less space for cows and sheep,so meat will be more expensive. (4) A  Instead,people will eat more fruit and vegetables.Maybe people will be healthier and live longer.Work in the future will be different,too. (5) D  Because of this,many people may lose their jobs.This will be a problem.
    A.Maybe no one can eat it every day.
    B.There will be more people in the world.
    C.Life in the future will be quite different.
    D.Robots will do dangerous and hard work.
    E.It's difficult to make work easy for people.
    F.And more people will go to foreign countries for holidays.
    【考点】选句补全短文.菁优网版权所有
    【分析】短文讲了未来的生活将发生许多变化。
    【解答】细节推理题。
    (1)根据后句"Many changes will take place in the future(未来将发生许多变化。)"可知说的是未来生活的变化,结合选项,应说未来的生活将会很不一样。故选C。
    (2)根据前句"The population is growing fast.(人口正在快速增长。)"可知说的是人口的增加,结合选项,应说世界上将会有更多的人。故选B。
    (3)根据前句"Traveling will be much cheaper and easier.(旅行将更便宜、更容易。)"可知说的是旅行,结合选项,应说更多的人将去国外度假。故选F。
    (4)根据前句"Then there will be less space for cows and sheep,so meat will be more expensive. (这样一来,牛羊的空间就会减少,所以肉会更贵。)"可知说的是肉更贵,结合选项,应说也许没有人能每天都吃。故选A。
    (5)根据前句"Maybe people will be healthier and live longer.Work in the future will be different,too.(也许人们会更健康长寿。未来的工作也会有所不同。)"可知说的是工作变化,结合选项,应说机器人将做危险和艰苦的工作。故选D。
    【点评】做题时结合原文和题目有针对性找出相关语句进行仔细分析,结合选项选出正确答案。
    22.(10分)(2022•盐城模拟)Do you know that Auckland,New Zealand,is the first city to celebrate New Year and Honolulu,Hawaii,is the last to celebrate it?Around the world,people celebrate New Year on the same date but in different ways.Let's take a look at the different New Year celebrations around the world.
    In Spain,people believe that eating twelve grapes at midnight of New Year's Eve brings good luck.Thus,at midnight of New Year,they eat a grape on every stroke(报时的钟声) of the clock.
    In Rio de Janeiro,Brazil,Copacabana Beach is famous for hosting the largest New Year celebration world wide.Millions of people around the world come here to attend the huge party.Traditionally,the local people honor the beach by throwing white flowers into the sea.People also dress up in white as a good luck charm(幸运符).Fireworks start on New Year's Eve and last until the next day.
    In Sydney,Australia,the world's largest firework show is held.Though the show lasts only for 12 minutes,it attracts people from all over the world.
    In Greece(希腊),January 1st is the day for giving gifts,telling stories and leaving presents in children's shoes at midnight.Every Greek family bakes a cake on this day which has a silver or gold coin hidden inside.Then the cake is cut into slices(片).The cake slices are passed to everyone and whoever gets the coin is believed to have a lucky year ahead.
    根据短文内容,回答下列问题。
    (1)Which city is the last to celebrate New Year?  Honolulu,Hawaii. 
    (2)How many grapes do Spanish people eat at midnight of New Year's Eve?  Twelve. 
    (3)What color is thought to bring good luck in Brazil?  White. 
    (4)Where is the world's largest firework show held?  In Sydney,Australia. 
    (5)What is in the traditional food in Greece on New Year's Day?  A cake with a silver or gold coin. 
    【考点】阅读表达.菁优网版权所有
    【分析】本文主要讲述了世界各地不同的新年庆祝活动。
    【解答】细节理解题。
    (1)根据Do you know that Auckland,New Zealand,is the first city to celebrate New Year and Honolulu,Hawaii,is the last to celebrate it?(你知道Auckland,New Zealand是第一个庆祝新年的城市,Honolulu,Hawaii是最后一个庆祝新年的城市吗?)可知,Honolulu,Hawaii是最后一个庆祝新年的城市,故填:Honolulu,Hawaii.
    (2)根据In Spain,people believe that eating twelve grapes at midnight of New Year's Eve brings good luck.(在西班牙,人们相信在除夕午夜吃十二颗葡萄会带来好运。)可知,西班牙人在除夕午夜吃十二颗葡萄,故填:Twelve.
    (3)根据In Rio de Janeiro,Brazil...People also dress up in white as a good luck charm.(在Rio de Janeiro,Brazil,……人们还把白色打扮成吉祥物。)可知,在Brazil,白色被认为能带来好运,故填:White.
    (4)根据 In Sydney,Australia,the world's largest firework show is held.(在Sydney,Australia,世界上最大的烟花表演正在举行。)可知,世界上最大的烟花表演在Sydney,Australia举行,故填:In Sydney,Australia.
    (5)根据 In Greece,January 1st is the day for giving gifts,...Every Greek family bakes a cake on this day which has a silver or gold coin hidden inside.(在Greece,1月1日是午夜送礼、……每个Greece家庭都会在这一天烤一个蛋糕,里面藏着一枚银币或金币。)可知,Greece新年的传统食物是一个藏着一枚银币或金币蛋糕,A cake with a silver or gold coin.
    【点评】掌握全文的大意之后,细细阅读材料后的问题,弄清每题要求后,带着问题,再回到原文中去寻找、捕获有关信息即可。
    四、词汇(共5小题, 每题1分, 计20分)根据句意和汉语提示写出单词, 完成句子。
    23.(1分)(2022•盐城模拟)Look at the clouds!It  seems  (看来) rainy tomorrow.
    【考点】翻译填空.菁优网版权所有
    【分析】看那些云!明天好像要下雨。
    【解答】"看来"是动词seem,结合语境可知本句要用一般现在时,主语是it,谓语动词要用第三人称单数。
    故答案为:seems。
    【点评】翻译填空,需要学生根据句意、时态和固定搭配等,来选择合适的单词或者短语,构成合乎语法、句意完整的句子。
    24.(1分)(2022•盐城模拟)The younger generation has the duty to carry forward Chinese  traditional (传统的)culture.
    【考点】翻译填空.菁优网版权所有
    【分析】年轻一代有责任发扬中国的传统文化。
    【解答】传统的traditional,是形容词,修饰名词culture,作定语。
    故答案为:traditional。
    【点评】翻译填空,需要学生根据汉语提示等,来选择合适的单词或者短语,构成合乎语法、句意完整的句子。
    25.(1分)(2022•盐城模拟)My father is always  helpful  (help) to others.
    【考点】单词填空.菁优网版权所有
    【分析】我父亲总是乐于助人。
    【解答】"乐于助人"为"be helpful to do sth"。
    故答案为:helpful。
    【点评】首先要掌握这个句子的意思,然后结合具体的题目,就可以确定正确答案。
    26.(1分)(2022•盐城模拟) Whatever  (无论什么)I do,I do it for you.Do not ever doubt that,my little girl.
    【考点】翻译填空.菁优网版权所有
    【分析】无论我做什么,我都是为了你。永远不要怀疑,我的小女儿。
    【解答】根据提示"无论什么"可知,填连词Whatever,首字母大写。
    故答案为:Whatever。
    【点评】翻译填空类型题要充分理解句意,再根据中文提示完成试题,注意时态、单复数、词性等变化。
    27.(1分)(2022•盐城模拟)—I'm very glad to put you  through  (接通).You can speak to your mother now. —Thank you very much.
    【考点】翻译填空.菁优网版权所有
    【分析】﹣﹣很高兴为您接通。你现在可以和你妈妈说话了。
    ﹣﹣非常感谢你。
    【解答】根据提示"接通"可知,填副词through。
    故答案为:through。
    【点评】翻译填空类型题要充分理解句意,再根据中文提示完成试题,注意时态、单复数、词性等变化。
    五、 根据句意用所给单词的适当形式填空。
    28.(1分)(2022•盐城模拟)I think these dresses must be one of the  models'  (model).
    【考点】单词填空.菁优网版权所有
    【分析】我想这些裙子一定是模特的。
    【解答】one of"......之一",后跟可数名词复数。model的复数是models。"裙子应该是模特的",填models的所有格models'。
    故答案为:models'。
    【点评】单词填空类型题要充分理解句意,再根据单词提示完成试题,注意时态、单复数、词性等变化。
    29.(1分)(2022•盐城模拟)—Lucy,you look unhappy.What happened?
    —Dad,I've made the  silliest  (silly) mistake so far.I'm so sorry!
    【考点】单词填空.菁优网版权所有
    【分析】﹣﹣露西,你看起来不高兴。发生了什么事?
    ﹣﹣爸爸,我犯了迄今为止最愚蠢的错误。我很难过!
    【解答】silly是形容词,根据空前的定冠词the,结合语境可知填最高级silliest最愚蠢的。
    故答案是silliest。
    【点评】题目要求用所给词的适当形式填空,考查学生对语法知识的掌握及对词性转换能力。做题时,要根据题干中的相关提示来确定空缺处单词的词性及单词的形式,然后对所给单词进行适当的变形,从而得出正确答案。
    30.(1分)(2022•盐城模拟)Would you like some  western  (west) food for dinner?
    【考点】单词填空.菁优网版权所有
    【分析】你晚餐想吃西餐吗?
    【解答】west西,名词。这里修饰名词food,用形容词western"西方的"。
    故答案为:western。
    【点评】单词填空类型题要充分理解句意,再根据单词提示完成试题,注意时态、单复数、词性等变化。
    31.(1分)(2022•盐城模拟)What do you want to buy for your father's  forty﹣ninth  (forty﹣nine) birthday?
    【考点】单词填空.菁优网版权所有
    【分析】你想为你父亲的49岁生日买什么?
    【解答】根据your father's...birthday,此处指某人多少岁生日,使用序数词修饰birthday,forty﹣nine的序数词为forty﹣ninth。
    故填:forty﹣ninth。
    【点评】首先要掌握这个句子的意思,然后结合具体的题目,就可以确定正确答案。
    32.(1分)(2022•盐城模拟)You can make your clothes  smooth  (smoothly) with an iron.
    【考点】单词填空.菁优网版权所有
    【分析】你可以用熨斗把衣服熨平。
    【解答】smoothly平顺地,副词。make sth+形容词"让某物......"固定搭配,填形容词smooth"平顺的"。
    故答案为:smooth。
    【点评】单词填空类型题要充分理解句意,再根据单词提示完成试题,注意时态、单复数、词性等变化。
    六、根据短文内容及首字母提示, 填写所缺单词, 使短文意思完整。
    33.(10分)(2022•盐城模拟)Different students have different heroes.
    Andy admires Steve Jobs the most.Andy says Jobs not only a great businessman b(1) ut  an inventor.Jobs said that the whole world should thank him for his i(2) nventions  like the iPhone and iPad.
    Peter admires scientists l(3) ike  Stephen Hawking and Albert Einstein.He thinks they are like explorers who never stop trying to explore the u(4) nknown  world.They are actually pioneers who lead us to make the world b(5) etter  .
    John admires some politicians(政治家) like Nelson Mandela,a fighter who devoted all his life to w(6) orking  for rights of black Africans.He was one of the greatest presidents in h(7) istory  .
    Girls usually admires artists and writers.For example,Lucy is a m(8) usic  fan.She admires Beethoven the most.She says that as a E(9) uropean  composer,Beethoven gave courage to people all over the world.
    In a word,students all admire great people who have c(10) hanged  the world greatly.What's more,they have impressed the world.
    【考点】首字母阅读填空.菁优网版权所有
    【分析】本文介绍一些学生的不同的偶像。
    【解答】(1)考查连词。句意:Andy说Jobs不仅是一位伟大的商人也是一名发明家。结合首字母,可知是but"但是",固定结构not only...but...不但...而且...。故填but。
    (2)考查名词。句意:Jobs说整个世界应该感谢他的发明,像苹果手机和平板。结合首字母,可知是invention"发明物",根据the iPhone and iPad,可知用复数。故填inventions。
    (3)考查介词。句意:Peter崇拜像Stephen Hawking和Alberrt Eistein这样的科学家。结合首字母,可知是like"像"。故填like。
    (4)考查形容词。句意:他认为他们就你探险家一样,从来没有停止探索未知的世界。结合首字母,可知是unknown"未知的",形容词unknown修饰名词world。故填unknown。
    (5)考查比较级。句意:他们是真正能带领我们使世界变得更好的先锋。结合首字母,可知是better"更好的",make the world better使世界变得更好。故填better。
    (6)考查动名词。句意:一位把生命致力于提高非洲黑人权力的斗士。结合首字母,可知是work"工作",固定短语devote one's life to doing sth.奉献生命做某事,用动名词。故填working。
    (7)考查名词。句意:他是历史上最伟大的总统之一。结合首字母,可知是history"历史",固定短语in history,历史上。故填history。
    (8)考查名词。句意:Lucy是一名音乐迷。结合首字母,可知是music"音乐",a music fan一名音乐迷。故填music。
    (9)考查形容词。句意:她说,作为一名欧洲的一名作曲家,Bethoven给了全世界人们的勇气。结合首字母,可知是European"欧洲的",形容词European修饰名词composer。故填European。
    (10)考查动词。句意:学生们都崇拜那些能改变世界的伟人。结合首字母,可知是change"改变",现在完成时,have后加动词的过去分词changed。故填changed。
    【点评】通读全文,理解文章大意,紧密结合上下文判断句意,根据句意及首字母判断空格处词义,根据相关知识点写出词语的正确形式,完成后再次阅读查看语意是否正确。
    五、书面表达(共1题, 计20分)
    34.(20分)(2022•盐城模拟)假设你是21世纪英语报的青少年专栏记者Mike,请你根据下面的读者来信写一份回信,提出合理的建议。

    Dear Mike,
    I am the monitor in my class.However,when I try to organize class activities,my classmates aren't as helpful as I'd like them to be.What can I do?
    I think maybe they think I'm too serious.I want to be funny,but I'm not!A boy in my class is very funny.Everybody likes him and supports him.I want to be as funny as him,but I don't know how.Can you help me?
    Yours,
    Bob
    注意:
    (1)文中不得出现你的真是姓名和学校名称;
    (2)语言通顺,意思连贯,条理清楚,书写规范;
    (3)词数80左右,文章开头已经给出,不计入总词数。
    Dear Bob,
    Thank you for writing this letter to me.I hope I can offer you some useful suggestions.
    _____________________________
    Yours sincerely,
    Mike
    【考点】提纲作文.菁优网版权所有
    【分析】【高分句型一】
    It's true that working as the monitor of a class is a tough job.的确,当班长是一份艰苦的工作。
    It's true that……是真的。
    【高分句型二】
    If we aren't great joke﹣tellers,we can be great listeners or show some other talent.如果我们不是很会讲笑话的人,我们可以是很好的听众,或者展示一些其他的才能。
    if引导条件状语从句。
    【解答】Dear Bob,
    Thank you for writing this letter to me.I hope I can offer you some useful suggestions.(点题)
    It's true that working as the monitor of a class is a tough job.【高分句型一】Perhaps you can talk to your teacher and see if you can reward students who actively take part when you organize activities.If other students see that they can be rewarded,maybe they'll be more willing to take part.As for being serious or funny,everyone has a different sense of humor.If we aren't great joke﹣tellers,we can be great listeners or show some other talent. 【高分句型二】What counts is that humor makes us laugh,no matter whether you're the one telling the joke or not.(针对问题的建议)
    I hope my advice is of some help to you.(希望)
    Yours sincerely,
    Mike
    【点评】能够根据提示进行书面表达,能够围绕主题准确使用一定的语法、词汇、短语和句型等,清楚连贯地表达自己的思想,进而完成写作任务。

    考点卡片
    1.单词填空
    【考查能力介绍】
    单词填空题在历年各地中考都有考查,此题考点涉及面广,从词汇到语法,从固定搭配到对篇章的整体把握对学生都有较高的要求.该题型旨在考查学生的英语基础知识和综合运用英语的能力.常见的题型有以下几种:
    ①用所给词的适当形式填空.这一题型主要考查单词在不同语境中的词形变化,如名词的单复数、动词的时态、不同词性之间的变换、基数词和序数词的运用、形容词和副词的等级、词汇的惯用法等等都是它的考查内容.
    【例】I think English is very useful. Are you (interest) in it?
    分析:所给的interest为动词,根据习惯表达be interested in …可知,应填interest的形容词 interested.
    ②根据汉语提示填空.这一题型主要考查学生的单词拼写能力及词形变化、语法知识运用和词组辨别能力等;考查范围几乎涉及所有词性,以实词考查为主,虚词考查较少.
    【例】Messi (得分)a winning goal in the second half of the match.
    【考点】翻译填空.
    【分析】梅西在下半场的比赛中打进制胜一球.
    【解答】答案:scored考查翻译填空.句意:梅西在下半场的比赛中打进制胜一球.根据汉语提示及其英语句子,可知要翻译的部分为:得分.英语表达是score,句子是一般过去时,故答案为scored.
    【点评】做这类题型,首先根据所给汉语明确句子所要考查的单词或短语的拼写,再结合相关语法知识对单词或短语做出形式上的变化.
    ③根据首字母提示填空.这种试题的首字母已给,所填的就必须是该字母开头的单词.这既是一种限制,又是一种提示.它不仅考查学生在词汇、语法等方面的基础知识,还考查理解、推导、分析等综合能力.
    【例】The boys have m all the skills of that game.
    【考点】首字母填空.
    【分析】男孩已经掌握那个游戏的所有技能.
    【解答】答案:mastered.跳过空格推知句意是掌握了技能,故用动词master,结合have和句意表达的动作发生在过去,对现在造成一定的影响,故用现在完成时have/has+过去分词,故答案是mastered.
    【点评】现在完成时有两种用法1.过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果或到现在为止已经发生或完成的动作.2.表示过去发生的、持续到现在的动作或状态.
    ④选词填空.这一题型往往给出几个不同的选项和不同的句子,要求考生对号入座,根据语法知识和构词法规则选出适当词汇,写出正确的答案,考查考生具体运用语言知识的能力.因篇幅有限,不再举例.
    ⑤以文章形式出现的词语运用题和其他题型.对于单词填空的考查并不单一是句子填空,也有短文填空,都是题型不变的基础上考查方式做了变化,难易程度不一.除了上述几种题目形式外,单词填空有时也涉及根据音标填空,对音标的掌握情况做出考查.
    【解题方法点拨】
    ①对于用所给词的适当形式填空,答题时要做到:A.明确所给词的词性;B.弄清所给句子的意思;C.确定空白处所需的词性D.正确写出所填的词.
    ②对于根据汉语提示填空,答题时要做到:A.根据汉语提示弄清所考查的词汇;B.结合语境做出合乎语法和惯用法的词形变化;C.填写拼写正确的单词.
    ③对于根据首字母提示填空,答题时要做到:A.根据前后句子理解句子大意,推出设空处的大致意思;B.根据首字母提示确定所需单词;C.在注意词性和语法变化的基础上填写拼写正确的适当形式.
    ④对于选词填空,答题时要做到:A.看备选项,对词汇意义做初步了解;B.浏览题目,根据题目需要去备选项中寻找匹配答案;C.选定词汇后要根据语境、语法等来做出适当形式变化再填空.
    ⑤对于短文填空,答题时要在理解上下文的基础上根据基本方法做出解答.
    【中考命题方向】
    中考命题对于单词填空的考查是历年来的重点,各地考查形式不一,但万变不离其宗,都是对词汇知识的运用能力的综合考查.考查方式有首字母填空(如武汉、上海等);适当形式填空(如山东、四川等);词语运用题(如河南等);等等.
    2.名词的词义辨析
    【概念】
    (1)名词
    名词是指人、地点、事物、行为、品质、抽象概念、感情等的名称的词.名词可分为专有名词和普通名词两大类.
    (2)普通名词
    普通名词表示某类人或某类事物的名称.普通名词又可分为个体名词、集体名词、物质名词和抽象名词.
    (3)个体名词
    用来表示单个人或事物的名词.如:astronaut,building等.
    (4)集体名词
    用来指一群人或一些事物总称的名词.如:family,group等.
    (5)物质名词
    用来指无法分为个体的物质、材料的名词.如:water,rice等.
    (6)抽象名词
    用来指人或事物的品质、情感、状态等,抽象概念的词的名词.如:health,education等.
    (7)概念点拨
    一般地说,个体名词和集体名词是可数的,称为可数名词,有单、复数之分;物质名词和抽象名词是不可数的,称为不可数名词,通常只有单数,但在某些具体情况下也可以用复数.
    3.定冠词(the)
    【概念】
    定冠词:
    定冠词即the,表示特指人或物,用在名词的前面,帮助指明名词的含义.区别于不定冠词,定冠词具有确定的意思,用以特指人或事物,表示名词所指的人或事物是同类中的特定的一个,以别于同类中其他的人或事物,相当于汉语中的"那个"或"这个"的意思.它可以和单、复数名词,也可以和不可数的名词连用.
    【用法】
    (1)一般用法:
    1.用以特指某(些)人或某(些)事物
    This is the house where Luxun once lived.这是鲁迅曾经住过的房子.
    2.用于指谈话双方都明确所指的人或事物
    Open the door,please.请把门打开.
    3.用以复述上文提过的人或事物(第一次提到用"a或an",以后再次提到用"the")
    Once there lived a lion in the forest.Every day the lion asked small animals to look for food for him.
    从前森林里住着一只狮子.每天这只狮子要小动物们为他寻找食物.
    4.用在序数词和形容词最高级前
    January is the first month of the year.一月份是一年当中的第一个月.
    Shanghai is the biggest city in China.上海是中国最大的城市.
    5.表示世界上宇宙中独一无二的事物
    the sun 太阳
    the earth 地球
    the sky 天空
    the world 世界
    6.指由普通名词构成的专有名词
    the West Lake西湖
    the Great Wall 长城
    the United States美国
    the United Nations 联合国
    7.表示方向、方位
    in the east 在东方
    in the front 在前面
    in the bottom 在底部
    on the right 在右边
    8.在海洋、江河、湖泊、山脉、海峡、海湾等地理名词前
    the Pacific Ocean太平洋
    the Yellow River 黄河
    the Tianshan Mountains天山山脉t
    the Taiwan Straits台湾海峡
    9.在姓氏复数前,表示一家人
    The Bakers came to see me yesterday.
    The Greens are having dinner at home.
    10.和某些形容词连用,使形容词名词化,代表一类人或物
    the poor 穷人
    the rich 富人
    the sick 病人
    the wounded伤员
    the good 好人
    the beautiful 美丽的事物
    11.用在表示阶级、政党的名词前
    the working class 工人阶级
    the Chinese Communist Party 中国共产党
    12.用在the very强调句中
    This is the very book I want.这就是我想要的那本书.
    13.固定用法:the+比较级…the+比较级…,表示越…越…
    14.表示演奏乐器时,乐器的前面要加the
    play the piano 弹钢琴
    play the violin 拉小提琴
    注:中国乐器名词前不与冠词连用:er﹣hu(二胡)
    15.某些固定的表达法
    in the morning 在早上
    in the afternoon 在下午
    in the evening 在晚上
    go to the cinema 去看电影
    go to the theatre 去看戏
    all the year round 一年到头
    on the way to 前往…去的路上
    16.the加单数可数名词可以表示一类人或事物
    The horse is a useful animal.马是一种有用的动物.
    注意:像这类句子还有如下两种写法
    A horse is a useful animal.
    Horses are useful animals.
    17.在句型"动词+sb.+介词+the+身体某一部位"中要用 the,而不用人称代词.
    take sb.by the arm 抓住某人的手臂
    hit sb.in the face 打某人的脸
    be red in the face 脸红
    be lame in the right leg右腿瘸 等结构中,名词前要用the.
    (2)特殊用法:
    18.特指双方都明白的人或物:
    Take the medicine.把药吃了.
    19.与复数名词连用,指整个群体:
    They are the teachers of this school.指全体教师)
    They are teachers of this school.(指部分教师)
    20.表示所有,相当于物主代词,用在表示身体部位的名词前:
    She caught me by the arm.她抓住了我的手臂.
    21.用在某些由普通名词构成的国家名称、机关团体、阶级、等专有名词前:
    the People's Republic of China中华人民共和国
    the United States 美国
    22.用在某些习惯用语中
    for the present 暂时
    go to the cinema 看电影
    in the end 最后
    in the dark 在黑暗中,不知道
    in the least 一点,丝毫
    in the open 在野外
    in the past 在过去
    in the event of 万一
    in the morning 在上午
    in the way 挡道,碍事
    on the whole总体上
    on the other hand 另一方面
    out of the question不可能的
    23.在中国传统节日前加the
    The Dragon Boat Festival 龙舟节(端午节)
    The Mid﹣autumn Festival中秋节
    24.不使用定冠词的情况:三餐前,四季,进行球类活动前不加the.
    【易混淆点】
    1.如果初次提到某人或某物,一般用不定冠词a/an表示不确定的某人或某物,如果再次提到该人或该物,就用定冠词the表示特指.
    例子:I ordered a hamburger and salad.________ hamburger was nice but the salad was not delicious.(  )
    A.An B.The C.A
    分析:我点了一个汉堡和沙拉.这个汉堡很漂亮,但是沙拉不好吃.
    解答:B
    根据题干,可知考查冠词,第二次再出现前文提到的人或物时,要用定冠词the表特指,特指前文提到的人或物,根据题意"这个汉堡很漂亮",应该用the,故选B.
    点评:熟悉冠词的基本用法,结合题意,给出答案.
    2.如果事先已经提到过某人或某物,表示确定的含义,或说话双方都知道的人或物,这时要用定冠词the.
    例子:﹣﹣Tina,turn on ______ radio,please.
    ﹣﹣OK.(  )
    A.a B.an C.the D./
    分析:﹣Tina,请打开收音机.﹣好的.
    解答:C
    不定冠词a/an表泛指,定冠词the表特指;此处的"打开收音机"应该是说话双方都知道的这台收音机,所以是特指,故选C.
    点评:本题考查冠词的用法,先弄清不定冠词和定冠词的用法区别,再根据情境选择正确答案.
    3.注意零冠词和定冠词的区别,比如play+球类,中间不加冠词.即使用零冠词.Play+乐器类,中间用定冠词the.
    例子:David plays _____ football but he doesn't play ____ piano (  )
    A.\,the B.the,\C.a,the
    分析:戴维踢足球,但他不弹钢琴.
    解答:A.根据语境play…football(足球)和play…piano(钢琴),可知第一空处为零冠词(play和球类搭配时球类前零冠词),第二空处为the(play和乐器搭配时乐器前用the),故答案为A.
    点评:本题考查冠词的用法.play和球类搭配是球类前零冠词,play和乐器搭配时乐器前用the.
    4.固定用法.
    例子:Some people think that robots will take ______ place of human beings.(  )
    A.a B.the C./D.an
    分析:有些人认为机器人将会代替人类.
    解答:B.根据take the place of是固定搭配,表示代替,故答案选B.
    点评:本题考查定冠词the在固定搭配中的使用.
    【解题方法点拨】
    特指双方熟悉,上文已经提及;
    世上独一无二,方位名词乐器;
    某些专有名词,外加复数姓氏;
    序数词和最高级,习惯用语要特记.
    有水无湖就用the(海、洋、海湾、河等,都用the;单个湖不用the).
    【中考命题方向】
    1.零冠词和定冠词区别.(play+球类,play the+乐器)
    2.序数词和固定用法,用定冠词the.
    ﹣Dong Guijun is _____ first man of Lianyungang to reach the top of Mount Qomolangma.
    ﹣He is _____ pride of us.(  )
    A.the;/B.a; the C.the; the D.a;/
    分析:﹣董桂军是连云港登上珠穆朗玛峰的第一人.﹣他是我们的骄傲.
    解答:C.根据语境first man(第一人),序数词fisrt前必须加the,第二空后单词 pride (骄傲)为不可数名词应用the来修饰,构成the pride of…的骄傲.故答案为C.
    点评:本题考查冠词的用法,泛指一类人或物用a或an.元音音素(注意不是元音字母)开头单词前用an,辅音音素开头单词前用a.特指某人、某物、序数词及乐器前用the.
    3.定冠词和不定冠词区别.(定冠词the.不定式冠词a/an)
    ﹣﹣﹣Kate,are you ____ only child in your family?
    ﹣﹣﹣Yes,but ____ new baby is on the way.(  )
    A.a; the B.an; the C.the; a D.the; the
    分析:﹣Kate,你是家里唯一的孩子吗?﹣是的,但是一个新的婴儿就要到来了.
    解答:C
    定冠词the表特指,不定冠词a,an表泛指或表数量"一",a用于辅音音素前,an用于元音音素前;"家里唯一的小孩"是特指,用the;"一个新婴儿"表数量"一",new的第一个音是辅音/n/,故选C.
    点评:本题考查冠词辨析,先弄清其用法,再根据情景选择正确答案.
    4.常用介词的辨析
    【常用介词的辨析】
    一、表示计量的介词:at,for,by
    1.at表示"以…速度""以…价格".如:
    It flies at about 900 kilometers a hour.它以每小时900公里的速度飞行.
    2.for表示"用…交换,以…为代价".如:
    He sold his car for 500 dollars.他以五百元把车卖了.
    二、表示材料的介词:of,from,in
    1.of成品仍可看出原料.如:
    This box is made of paper.这个盒子是纸做的.
    2.from成品已看不出原料.如:
    Wine is made from grapes.葡萄酒是葡萄酿成的.
    3.in表示用某种材料或语言.如:
    Please fill in the form in pencil first.请先用铅笔填写这个表格.
    三、表示关于的介词:of,about,on
    1.of仅是提到或谈到过某人或某事.如:
    He spoke of the film the other day.他前几天提到了这部影片.
    2.about指"关于"某人或某事物的较详细的情况.如:
    Can you tell me something about yourself?你能告诉我一些关于你自己的事情吗?
    3.on指"关于"学术性的或严肃的事.如:
    It's a textbook on the history of china.它是一本有关中国历史的教科书.
    四、表示好像或当作的介词:like,as
    1.like表示"像…一样",其实不是.如:
    Peter the Great,like his country,was strong and proud.
    彼得大帝像他的国家一样强健和自豪.
    2.as表示"作为,以…身份",其实也是.如:
    He talked to me as a father.他以父亲的身份跟我谈话.
    五、表示支持或反对的介词:against,for
    against反对,for支持,互为反义词.如:
    Are you for my idea or against it?你赞同还是反对我的想法?
    六、表示除某人某物外的介词:besides,except
    1.besides是包括后面所提人或物在内的"除…外,还".如:
    Thirty students went to the cinema besides him.
    除他以外,还有30个学生去看了电影.(他和另外30人都去了)
    He is interested in tennis besides football.除了足球,他还对网球感兴趣.
    2.except是指不包括后面所提人或物在内的"除去".如:
    Everyone is excited except me.除我以外的每个人都很激动.(他们激动,而我却不激动)
    5.副词的词义辨析
    【常见副词词义辨析】
    1.how often, how long, how far, how soon
    (1)how often有"多久一次"的意思,是就做某事的频率提问.常用"Twice a year.","Three times a week."等回答.如:
    ﹣How often do you watch TV?
    你多久看一次电视?
    ﹣Three times a week.每周三次.
    (2)how long表示 "时间多久或物体多长", 表示时间侧重指 "一段时间".针对 "how long" 的回答一般是时间段,如 "for three days", "three years".如:
    ﹣How long did he stay here?
    他在这儿待了多久?
    ﹣About two weeks.
    大约两个星期.
    (3)how soon表示 "多久之后",主要用来对表示将来的一段时间提问.how soon的回答一般是:in+时间段.如:
    ﹣How soon will he be back?
    他要多久才回来?
    ﹣In an hour.
    一小时以后.
    (4)how far 是提问"路程有多远",询问距离.如:
    How far is it from his house?
    距离他家有多远?
    2.too, enough, so同作副词,差别大
    (1)too作副词,用在"too…to"结构中, too…to结构中的动词不定式部分为否定意义,意为"太……而不能……".如:
    He is too young to go to school.
    他年龄太小了不能上学.
    (2)enough用作副词时,意为"足够","形容词或副词原级+enough to"结构意为"足以能够",是肯定意义.如:
    He is old enough to go to school.
    他到了上学的年龄了.
    (3)so意为"如此",用于"so…that…(如此……以至于……)",so后接形容词或副词,that后面加从句.如:
    He is so old that he can't go on working.
    他年龄太大,不能继续工作了.
    3.already, still, yet用法巧辨析
    (1)already通常用于完成时的肯定句中,表示"已经".如:
    I have already seen the film.
    我已经看过这部电影了.
    (2)yet用来谈论某事是否已经发生,多用于疑问句和否定句中.在疑问句中,意为"已经",在否定句中意为"还,尚",通常放在句末;not yet可用于简略回答,意为"还没有".如:
    He hasn't finished reading the book yet.
    他还没有读完这本书.
    ﹣Have you finished your homework?
    你完成家庭作业了吗?
    ﹣No,not yet.
    不,还没有.
    (3)still意为"仍然,还",强调过去发生的事情及存在的状况目前还在延续.在现在进行时中,still只表示动作正在持续.如:
    He's still living with his mother.
    他仍与母亲住在一起.
    4.either, also, too用法"也"不同
    (1)also用于肯定句,常用在实义动词前be动词后.如:
    He also attended the meeting yesterday.
    昨天他也参加了会议.
    He is also a scientist.
    他也是科学家.
    (2)too用于肯定句,在句末,too前须有逗号.如:
    He can swim,too.他也会游泳.
    (3)either用于否定句,通常放在句末,之前需加逗号.如:
    He didn't attend the meeting,either.
    他也没去参加会议.
    5.ago, before"以前"差别大
    (1)ago表示"从现在起若干时间以前",常与动词一般过去式连用,而且ago只能作副词.如:
    He left Shanghai three days ago.
    他三天前离开了上海.
    (2)before表示"从过去某时起若干时间以前",常与过去完成式连用.before既可作副词又可作介词和连词.如:
    I had finished the work two days before.
    两天前我已完成了工作.(副词)
    I visited him two days ago,but he had gone to Paris five days before.
    我于两天前去访问他,可是他已于那日5天前赴巴黎去了.(副词)
    6.much too, too much词序颠倒,意不同
    (1)too much可以用作副词,也可以形容词,意为"太多、过于".用作副词时,在句中作状语.如:
    Watching TV too much is bad for your eyes.
    看电视太久,对你的眼睛不好.
    His father was too much surprised to see him here.
    他的爸爸看到他在这儿非常吃惊.
    too much用作形容词时,常用来修饰不可数名词.如:
    He drank too much beer last night.
    他昨晚酒喝得太多.
    Please don't waste too much money.
    请不要浪费太多的钱.
    too much用作名词时,在句中作主语、宾语或表语.
    如:
    Too much was happening all at once.
    同时发生的事太多了.
    Mike,you have eaten too much. You can't eat any more.
    迈克,你吃得太多了,你不能再吃了.
    It's too much for me.
    这个我干不了.
    (2)much too用作副词时,通常用来修饰形容词或副词,意为"极其、非常、实在太".如:
    This problem is much too difficult for me to work out.
    这个问题非常难,我算不出来.
    This shirt is much too expensive for him.
    这件衬衫对他来说,实在太贵了.
    7.hard与hardly没有共同语言
    (1)当hard用作副词时,意为"努力地、困难地、猛烈地"等.如:
    Does Tom work hard at his lessons?
    汤姆学习努力吗?
    It′s raining hard outside now. Don't go out.
    现在外面正下着大雨,不要出去.
    (2)hardly并不是hard加上后缀所构成的副词,hardly只能用作副词,意为"几乎没有、几乎不".如:
    I can hardly see anything on the blackboard.
    我几乎看不见黑板上的任何东西.
    My father hardly ever watches TV.
    我爸爸几乎不看电视.
    6.时刻
    【常用方法】
    一、整点法:如果时间是整点,就用"钟点数+o'clock"来表示.o'clock可省略.如:8:00可读作eight o'clock或eight
    二、 顺读法:顺读法,也叫直接读法,此方法用于既有钟点数,又有分钟数的时间,通常先读"钟点数",再读分钟数.如:7:20读作seven﹣twenty
    三、 倒读法:此方法是"先读分钟数",再读"钟点数",使用此方法要注意两点:
    1. 如果分钟数在30以内,就用"分钟数+past+钟点数"表示,介词past意为"过".如:6:10读作ten past six.
    2. 当分钟数正好是"三十分钟"时,可用"顺读法"中的"钟点数+thirty",也可用"half+past+钟点数".如:7:30可读作seven thirty 或 half past seven.
    3. 如果分钟数超过30,则用"(60﹣分钟数)+ to +(钟点数 + 1)"来表示,介词to 为"差"的意思.如:6:35读作twenty﹣five to seven (差二十五分钟到七点)
    在"倒读法"中,当分钟数涉及到"15分钟"时,一般不用fifteen,而用a quarter(一刻钟)来表示.如:10:15读作a quarter past ten (一般不读 fifteen past ten)
    7.情态动词
    【概念】
    情态动词:可以用来表示说话人的语气和情态,如需要、可能、意愿和怀疑等,有一定的意义,但不完整,不能独立作谓语,只能和动词原形一起构成谓语.
    8.动词的固定搭配
    【常见的动词固定搭配】
    一、只接不定式(不能接动名词)作宾语的25个常用动词
    1. want to do sth. 想要做某事
    2. would like to do sth. 想要做某事
    3. wish to do sth. 希望做某事
    4. help(to)do sth. 帮助做某事
    5. hope to do sth. 希望做某事
    6. learn to do sth. 学会做某事
    7. manage to do sth. 设法做成某事
    8. offer to do sth. 主动提出做某事
    9. plan to do sth. 计划做某事
    10. afford to do sth. 负担得起做某事(时间或金钱方面)
    11. agree to do sth. 做某事
    12. arrange to do sth. 安排做某事
    13. ask to do sth. 要求做某事
    14. beg to do sth. 恳求做某事
    15. care to do sth. 愿意/喜欢做某事
    16. choose to do sth. 选择做某事
    17. decide to do sth. 决定做某事
    18. demand to do sth. 要求做某事
    19. determine to do sth. 决心做某事
    20. expect to do sth. 等待做某事
    21. fear to do sth. 惧怕做某事
    22. prepare to do sth. 预备做某事
    23. pretend to do sth. 伪装做某事
    24. promise to do sth. 答应做某事
    25. refuse to do sth. 拒绝做某事
    二、只接动名词(不能接不定式)作宾语的28个常用动词
    1. practice doing sth. 练习做某事
    2. consider doing sth. 考虑做某事
    3. enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事
    4. finish doing sth. 完成做某事
    5. give up doing sth. 放弃做某事
    6. imagine doing sth. 想象做某事
    7. keep doing sth. 一直做某事
    8. put off doing sth. 推迟做某事
    9. risk doing sth. 冒险做某事
    10. suggest doing sth. 建议做某事
    11. admit doing sth. 承认做某事
    12. advise doing sth. 建议做某事
    13. allow doing sth. 允许做某事
    14. appreciate doing sth. 感谢做某事
    15. avoid doing sth. 避免做某事
    16. delay doing sth. 拖延做某事
    17. deny doing sth. 否认做某事
    18. discuss doing sth. 讨论做某事
    19. dislike doing sth. 不喜欢做某事
    20. escape doing sth. 逃脱做某事
    21. excuse doing sth. 原谅做某事
    22. fancy doing sth. 想象/喜爱做某事
    23. forbid doing sth. 禁止做某事
    24. mention doing sth. 提及做某事
    25. mind doing sth. 介意做某事
    26. miss doing sth. 错过做某事
    27. permit doing sth. 允许做某事
    28. prohibit doing sth. 禁止/阻止做某事
    三、既可接不定式也可接动名词,但含义完全不同的8个动词
    1. remember to do sth. 记住要做某事(未做)
    remember doing sth. 记得做过某事(已做)
    2. forget to do sth. 忘记去做某事(未做)
      forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事(已做)
    3. regret to do sth. 遗憾要做某事(未做)
      regret doing sth. 后悔/抱歉做过某事(已做)
    4. try to do sth. 努力做某事
      try doing sth. 尝试做某事
    5. mean to do sth. 计划做某事
      mean doing sth. 意味着做某事
    6. can't help to do sth. 不能帮助做某事
      can't help doing sth. 情不自禁做某事
    7. go on to do sth. 继续做另一件事
      go on doing sth. 继续做同一件事
    8. stop to do sth. 停下来去做另一件事
      stop doing sth. 停下正在做的事情
     四、接不定式作宾补的35个常用动词
      1. advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事
      2. allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事
      3. ask sb. to do sth. 请(叫)某人做某事
      4. bear sb. to do sth. 忍耐某人做某事
      5. beg sb. to do sth. 恳求某人做某事
      6. cause sb. to do sth. 导致某人做某事
      7. command sb. to do sth. 命令某人做某事
      8. drive sb. to do sth. 驱使某人做某事
      9. elect sb. to do sth. 选举某人做某事
      10. encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓舞某人做某事
      11. expect sb. to do sth. 期望某人做某事
      12. forbid sb. to do sth. 禁止某人做某事
      13. force sb. to do sth. 强迫某人做某事
      14. get sb. to do sth. 使(要)某人做某事
      15. hate sb. to do sth. 讨厌/厌恶某人做某事
      16. help sb. (to) do sth. 帮助某人做某事
      17. intend sb. to do sth. 打算要某人做某事
      18. invite sb. to do sth. 邀请某人做某事
      19. leave sb. to do sth. 留下某人做某事
      20. like sb. to do sth. 喜欢某人做某事
      21. mean sb. to do sth. 计划要某人做某事
      22. need sb. to do sth. 需求某人做某事
      23. order sb. to do sth. 命令某人做某事
      24. permit sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事
      25. persuade sb. to do sth. 说服某人做某事
      26. prefer sb. to do sth. 宁愿某人做某事
      27. request sb. to do sth. 要求某人做某事
      28. remind sb. to do sth. 提醒某人做某事
      29. teach sb. to do sth. 教某人做某事
      30. tell sb. to do sth. 告诉/让某人做某事
      31. train sb. to do sth. 训练某人做某事
      32. trouble sb. to do sth. 麻烦某人做某事
      33. want sb. to do sth. 想要某人做某事
      34. warn sb. to do sth. 警告某人做某事
      35. wish sb. to do sth. 希望某人做某事
    五、可接动词原形做宾补的11个动词
    1. see sb. do sth. 看到某人做了某事
    2. watch sb. do sth. 观看某人做了某事
    3. notice sb. do sth. 注意到某人做了某事
    4. observe sb. do sth. 观察到某人做了某事
    5. look at sb. do sth. 看着某人做了某事
    6. hear sb. do sth. 听到某人做了某事
    7. listen to sb. do sth. 听着某人做了某事
    8. make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事
    9. let sb. do sth. 让某人做某事
    10. have sb. do sth. 使某人做某事
    11. feel sb. do sth. 感觉某人做了某事
    9.动词词义辨析
    【概念】
    动词:动词是用来表示动作或状态的词.在句子中做谓语,说明主语"是什么"、"做什么"或"怎么样"的词.通过动词的变化,可以知道动作发生的时间、说话人的语气、态度.
    【考查内容】
    ①词形相近的动词间的辨析.如remind/remember; rise/raise; hang/hung…
    例1:Sorry,I've forgotten your name.Can you ____me?
    I'm Daniel.(  )
    A.remind B.receive C.respect D.remember
    分析:对不起,我忘了你的名字,你能提醒我一下吗?
    我是Daniel.
    解答:答案:A.
    remind提醒;receive收到;respect尊重;remember记得.根据Sorry,I've forgotten your name.Can you ____me?I'm Daniel.可知,句意是"对不起,我忘了你的名字,你能提醒我一下吗?"根据下面的回答I'm Daniel.可推测句意是"提醒一下".故选A.
    点评:本题考查动词词义辨析.解答时注意根据句意以及所给选项的意思作答.

    ②词义相近的动词间的辨析.如took/cost/paid/spent; borrow/lend;speak/say/talk.
    例2:Wow,your sweater is very beautiful!
    Thank you.I bought it two days ago.It ____me$50.(  )
    A.took B.cost C.paid D.spent.
    分析:哇,你的毛衣很漂亮!谢谢.我两天前买的.它花费了我50美元.
    解答:答案:B.
    It takes sb some time to do sth.花费某人多长时间做某事.人+spend+时间/金钱+(in) doing sth表示某人花费时间/金钱做某事.人+spend+时间/金钱+on+名词,表示某人在某物上花费时间/金钱.sth costs sb+金钱,表示某物花了某人多少钱.人+pay+钱+for,表示为某物付钱.根据题干I bought it two days ago.It ____me$50.可知这是某物花了某人多少钱,即sth costs sb+金钱,故选B.
    点评:了解每个选项的含义是做好词类题型的关键,还要从句意桌搜,根据句意作答,所以平时的学习中要多积累词汇,才能很好的完成.

    ③意义不同,但容易混淆的动词的辨析.如find/find out;take/leave;explain/say…
    例3:Can you ____a message?Yes.Please ask Tom to ring me back.(  )
    A.give B.take C.leave.
    分析:你能帮我带个口信吗?可以.请让汤姆给我回电话.
    解答:答案:B.
    句意"你能帮我带个口信吗?可以.请让汤姆给我回电话."give给,take带,leave离开.take a message带个口信,固定搭配,故选B.
    点评:动词是表示动作或者状态的词,要结合语境,注意时态、人称等的变化,掌握常用的固定搭配.

    【解题方法点拨】
    ①分析词义,根据上下句意思进行选择.
    ②根据常用动词的用法进行筛选.
    ③根据动词的固定短语用法,进行筛选.
    ④分析句子时态,选择动词的正确形式作答.
    【中考命题方向】
    中考英语试题常考查动词的词义辨析、意义相近但容易混淆的动词、常用动词的习惯用法、常用动词短语.这些是考查的重点.
    10.动词短语
    【概念】
    动词短语:
    动词短语就是有些动词可以和一些别的词构成短语(以动词为中心),表达一个概念,其作用和一个单独动词差不多的一种固定搭配.在实际使用中,通常会把动词短语当成一个整体.
    【用法】
    (1)动词+副词:
    在"动词+副词"的词组中宾语位置有两种情况:宾语如是名词,则可置于副词后面,亦可置于动词和副词之间.而如果宾语是代词,只能置于动词后面,即动词和副词之间.
    例:First put some salt into the water and then.(  )
    A.mix them up B.mix up them C.mix it up D.mix up it
    分析:首先放一些盐在水里,然后搅拌它们.
    解答:分析句子,结合选项,推测意思是首先放一些盐在水里,然后搅拌它们.这里salt是不可数名词,用it指代,放在中间,故选C.
    (2)动词+副词+介词:
    在这类动词短语中,动词、副词、介词紧密结合,是动副词组和动介词组的合成体,词义上相当于一个及物动词.它兼有以上两类短语动词的特点,但宾语总是位于介词之后.
    例:She is planning her project.Let's help her ____some good ideas.(  )
    A.come out B.come up C.come up with D.catch up with
    分析:她正在计划她的项目,让我们帮助她想出一些好主意.
    解答:come out出来,出现,出版,come up发生,上来,come up with想出,catch up with追上,赶上;结合句意"她正在计划她的项目,让我们帮助她想出一些好主意."可知,要用是一般现在时,help后面跟动词原形,故答案为C.其它三个选项语意不通.
    (3)动词+名词:
    这类动词短语中的常见动词是have,take,give,make等,后面的名词通常是从动词转化而来的动作名词,并表达了短语动词的真正意义.
    例:The old man _____,and he wants to see a doctor now.(  )
    A.has fever B.have a fever C.has a fever D.has fevers
    分析:这位老人发烧了,他现在想去看医生.
    解答:考查动词短语.have a fever是固定短语,意思是"发烧";结合句意"这位老人发烧,他现在想去看医生."可知,要用是一般现在时,主语是第三人称单数,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式,故答案为C.
    (4)be+形容词+介词:
    be+形容词(包括过去分词作形容词)+介词相当于及物动词,宾语位于介词后面,形容词是短语动词的真正词义.
    例:This pair of shoes_____hand.(  )
    A.is made with B.are made from C.are made of D.is made by
    分析:这双鞋是手工做的.
    解答:考查动词短语.A用.什么东西制造.B.由…制造(看不出原材料).C.由…制造(看出原材料).D.由…制造(由某人).结合语境"这双鞋是手工做的.".可知,由双手制造,用is made by.选D.
    【中考命题方向】
    中考英语试题常考查动词短语的用法,意义相近的动词短语、但容易混淆的短语、常用动词短语.这些是考查的重点.
    11.介词短语
    【概念】
    ①介词短语:
    指由介词+介词、介词+名词、介词+分词、介词+动词、介词+形容词、介词+副词等构成的短语.常用的有:according to, along with, in front of, by means of, in spite of, together with, with regard to等.
    ②概念点拨:
    介词短语是由介词加宾语构成,本身可作句子成分,如定语或状语等,可单独使用;介词与其他词类或成分结合后方能在句子中充当语法成分,构成介词短语.
    【用法】
    介词短语可以作定语(须后置)、状语、表语、宾语补足语、另一个介词的宾语,间或作主语等.例如:
    ①作定语
    The skyscraper in the distance is a five﹣star hotel.(定语)
    The old thing _____are all three _____years old.(  )
    A.on show, hundred
    B.for showing, hundreds of
    C.on show, hundreds
    分析:这些展出的古老的东西都三百年了.
    解答:on show 展出,介词短语做后置定语,三百年three hundred years,hundreds of意思是"数以百计的",结合句意"这些展出的古老的东西都三百年了."可知,答案为A.
    ②做状语
    Her eyes were tired from long reading.(状语)
    Grace often gets nervous before she gives a speech.(  )
    A.in pubic
    B.in total
    C.in common
    分析:Grace在公众场合演讲前经常紧张.
    解答:结合语境Grace often gets nervous 可以推断这句话表达的意思是"Grace在公众场合演讲前经常紧张.",所以设空处的介词短语表达的意思是"在公众场合",应该用 in public,in total"总共",in common"共有"都不符合句意,故选A
    点评:英语介词的一个特点是一词多义,并且介词间语义交叉现象很多,习惯用法也很多,有时很难从词义上区分开来.故学习中要注意不断总结,熟记一些介词和动词的固定搭配用法及习惯用法,是完成此类问题的捷径.
    ③作表语
    The decision is of great importance to me.(表语)
    Most of the wild animals are _____because of their bad living environment.
    ﹣So we must do something to save them.(  )
    A.in need
    B.on duty
    C.at work
    D.in danger
    分析﹣﹣大多数野生动物由于恶劣的生存条件而处在濒危之中.
    ﹣﹣所以我们必须采取措施拯救它们.
    解答:首先明确选项中每个单词或短语的意思,A:需要;B:值日;C:在工作;D:处于危险中;根据题干结合推测设空处句子的句意是"大多数野生动物由于恶劣的生存条件而处在濒危之中.",由此判断句子中缺少"处于危险中"一词,故答案为D.
    ④做宾语补足语
    They found the machine in a bad state.(宾语补足语)
    When we get on the bus,we should wait____.(  )
    A.in a line
    B.with a line
    C.in line
    D.on line
    分析:当我们上车的时候,我们应该排队等候.
    解答:根据When we get on the bus,可知当我们上车的时候,我们应该排队等候.排队等候应该用wait in line表示.故选C.
    ⑤做主语
    On purpose or not on purpose is of great difference.(主语)
    ____the students in this primary school is about four thousand,and_____ of them are from Xi'an.(  )
    A.A number of; the number of
    B.The number of; a number of
    C.The number of; the number of
    D.A number of; a number of
    分析这个小学的学生数大约是四千,他们当中很多人来自西安.
    解答:首先明确选项中涉及到的单词或短语的意思和用法,a number of 意思是"许多"修饰可数名词复数,the number of 意思是"…的数量",作主语视为单数,本题中,结合语境推测句意是"这个小学的学生数大约是四千,他们当中很多人来自西安.",故答案为B.
    【中考命题方向】
    中考英语试题常考查介词短语的用法,容易混淆的介词短语.英语介词的一个特点是一词多义,并且介词间语义交叉现象很多,习惯用法也很多,有时很难从词义上区分开来.故学习中要注意不断总结,熟记一些介词短语的固定搭配及习惯用法.这些是考查的重点.
    12.一般过去时
    【概念】
    (1)时态
    时态是动词的一种形式,分为时间和状态.时间即过去、现在、未来.态有一般状态、进行状态、完成状态、完成进行状态.它是表示行为、动作、状态在各种时间条件下的动词形式.
    (2)一般过去时
    一般过去时表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态,过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为,过去主语所具备的能力和性格.
    【结构】
    (1)主谓宾结构:主语+谓语(动词过去式)+句子其他成分.
    He did his homework yesterday.
    (2)主系表结构:主语+was/were+其它.
    She was a student ten years ago.
    There were many flowers 2 days ago.
    【用法】
    (1)一般过去时,表示过去某个时间里发生的非持续性动作或存在的状态,也表示经常或反复发生的动作.用动词的过去式表示,常和表示过去的时间状语连用,如:yesterday,last night,in+过去的年份,two days ago,before,the age of等.
    He ____a book yesterday.It ____him 50 yuan.
    A.bought,paid B.spent,took
    C.paid,spent D.bought,cost
    分析:昨天他买了一本书,它花了他50元.
    解答:D.根据关键词yesterday可知,本句是一般过去时态,bought,买,是瞬间动词,表示过去的动作;第二个空it做主语,代指a book,所以动词用cost.故选D.
    点评:本题考查动词的时态,解决此类问题是根据关键词和标志词来确定动词的形式,在不同的语言环境中达到熟练掌握的目的.

    (2)一般过去时也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作,常和often,always等表示频率的时间状语连用.表示过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为;过去主语所具备的能力和性格.
    Dad,did you ride a bike to school when you _________ a boy?No,my family was poor,so I usually _________ to school on foot.(  )
    A.are,go B.were,go C.was,went D.were,went
    分析:﹣﹣﹣爸爸,当你是个小孩的时候你骑车去上学吗?
    ﹣﹣﹣不,我家里穷,所以我经常走路上学.
    解答:D.结合句意是表达的过去的事情用一般过去时,主语you,故were,主语I,故went,故答案是D.
    点评:一般过去时,表示过去某个时间里发生的非持续性动作或存在的状态,也表示经常或反复发生的动作.用动词的过去式表示,常和表示过去的时间状语连用,例如:yesterday,last night,in+过去的年份,two days ago,before,the age of,the day before yesterday等.
    【易混淆点】
    一般过去时与现在完成时
    (1)一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的事、存在的状态或经常发生的动作.说话的侧重点只在于陈述一件过去的事情,不强调对"现在"产生的影响.如:

    (2)现在完成时表示动作发生在过去,对现在造成了影响或产生了结果.不与确定的过去时间状语连用.如:
    How long____?
    Let me see.We ____in 2008,that is,for 7 years.(  )
    A.have you been married,have married
    B.have you got married,got married
    C.did you get married,married
    D.have you been married,got married
    分析:
    ﹣﹣﹣﹣你们结婚多久了?
    ﹣﹣﹣﹣让我想想.我们2008年结婚,也就是,七年了.
    解答:D.
    how long表示多久,根据句意可知get married动作发生在过去,持续了一段时间故用现在完成时have/has+过去分词,主语you,get married是短暂性动词不能与how long连用,换成be married表示状态,be的过去分词been,故How long have you been married?结合时间状语in 2008是过去的时间,故用一般过去时,get的过去式got,故答案是D.
    点评:动词按其动作发生的方式、发生过程的长短可分为延续性动词与短暂性动词. 延续性动词可以与以since,for,how long等引导的表示一段时间的状语连用. 例如:He has lived here for 6 years.How long did you stay there last year?
    短暂性动词也称终止性动词、非延续性动词或瞬间动词,表示不能延续的动作,这种动作发生后立即结束.如:open,die,close,begin,finish,come,go,join,borrow,lend,buy,arrive,reach,start,marry,end等.
    13.感叹句
    【概念】
    用来表示说话人强烈的喜、怒、哀、乐等感情的句子叫感叹句,一般用what和how引导.读时用降调,句末用感叹号.what修饰名词;how修饰形容词、副词或句子.
    【结构】
    1.what引导的感叹句
    ①what+a/an+形容词+单数可数名词(+主语+谓语)!
    ②what+形容词+不可数名词/复数可数名词(+主语+谓语)!
    2.how引导的感叹句
    ①how+形容词/副词(+主语+谓语)!
    ②how+形容词+a/an+单数可数名词(+主语+谓语)!
    ③how+主语+谓语!
    3.两种感叹句的互换
    "how+形容词+a/an+单数可数名词(+主语+谓语)!"形式的感叹句可以与"what+a/an+形容词+单数可数名词(+主语+谓语)!
    "形式的感叹句进行转换,且意义不变.如:
    How long a way it is from Shanghai to London!=What a long way it is from Shanghai to London!从上海到伦敦是多么长的一段路程啊!
    【解题方法点拨】
    区别what引导还是how引导:
    感叹句要看后面,即看形容词后的成分.
    (1)若形容词后紧跟可数名词单数,就用what a/an;是不可数名词或可数名词复数,只用what.
    (2)若形容词后紧跟a/an/the/my/your/this/that/Tom's等成分,就用how.
    例:(2018湖北)It is reported that a kind of new smart phones can test the air quality(质量)around you.
    ﹣﹣﹣__________fast the technology develops! (  )
    A.What B.What C.How D.How a
    【考点】感叹句
    【分析】据报道,一种新型智能手机可以测试你周围的空气质量.
    ﹣﹣技术发展得多么快啊!
    【解答】根据fast the technology develops!可知这里考查了感叹句,本句的中心词是fast ,它是一个形容词,根据How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语!故选:C.
    【点评】本题考查了感叹句的用法.解答时需注意感叹句的基本结构:What+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数+主语+谓语!What+形容词+可数名词复数/不可数名词+主语+谓语!How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语!
    14.疑问词组
    【概念】
    由特殊疑问词what, how等和一些词一起构成的表示疑问的词组,就叫疑问词组.
    【结构】
    1. what词组
    what time什么时间 what color 什么颜色what day 星期几what class几班what…for…为什么 例句:What time do you get up?
    2.how词组
    how old几岁,how many多少,how much多少(钱),how long多长(时间),how soon多久,how often多久一次how far多远,how about…怎么样,例句:How old is your friend?
    ﹣﹣﹣You play the piano so well.________ do you take piano lessons?
    ﹣﹣﹣I go to piano lessons twice a week.
    A.How long
    B.How many
    C.How often
    D.How much
    考点:疑问词组 以how为中心的词组
    分析:﹣钢琴弹的如此的好.你多久上一次钢琴课?
    ﹣我一周上两次钢琴课.
    解答:C.结合下文是说我一周上两次钢琴课,是说频率,故用疑问词how often多久一次,how long表示多久,how many 多少,how much 多少,多少钱,故选C.
    点评:how long用来提问"多长时间",对"一段时间的长短"提问时用,与延续性动词连用;how often用来提问某动作或状态发生的频率,对"一段时间内发生了几次活动"(always,usually,often,never或twice a day等表示频度的词或短语)提问时用;how soon用来提问某人要"多快"能做好某事,或某事要"多快"能完成,对"过多少时间(就能…)"(in短语)提问时用,常用于将来时.而how far意思是"多远",对距离提问时用.
    【易混淆点】
    1.how many与how much
    how many问可数名词数量,常将可数名词复数紧随其后.例如:
    A: How many glasses of milk would you like?
    How much询问不可数名词的数量,常将不可数名词复数紧随其后,还可询问物品的价格.例如:
    A: How much yogurt do you need?
    B: One spoon.
    A: How much is the purse?
    B: $5.
    2.how long, how soon, how often
    how long提问物体的长度、时间的长短.
    A: How long is the Changjiang River?
    B: 6,200km
    A: How long did you stay in Beijing?
    B: For 7 days
    how soon 对 "in+一段时间 "提问, 表示"多久之后".
    A: How soon will he arrive?
    B: In 2 hours.
    how often对表示频率的副词或短语提问.
    A: How often does Mrs. Green go shopping?
    B: Every day.
    【解题方法点拨】
    根据下文看答语是什么,提问就清楚用什么疑问词组了,如答语是距离,那么肯定用how far 来提问了.
    【中考命题方向】
    在中考中,疑问词组常出现在听力、单项选择、阅读理解、任务型阅读和句型转换等中,需要大家熟练掌握.
    15.宾语从句
    【概念】
    (1)宾语从句:宾语从句是名词性从句的一种.宾语从句在主从复合句中充当宾语,位于及物动词、介词或复合谓语之后的从句称为宾语从句.宾语从句分为三类:动词的宾语从句,介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句.但是在初中阶段,主要要求学生掌握动词的宾语从句.
    例如:
    John said that he was good at swimming.
    约翰说他擅长游泳.
    My teacher asked me why I was late for school.
    我的老师问我为什么上学迟到了.
    (2)连接词
    引导宾语从句的连接词分为:从属连词,连接代词、连接副词.
    ①从属连词:that,whether,if.
    ②连接代词:who,whom,whose,what,which,whoever,whomever,whosever,whatever.
    ③连接副词:when,where,why,how,whenever,however.
    【用法】
    (1)宾语从句的引导词
    ①由that 引导的陈述句性的宾语从句.用在如say,think,wish,hope,see,believe,agree,expect,hear,feel等动词后.连词that只起连接作用,在从句中不做句子的成分,也无词汇意义,在口语中常被省略.例如:
    The radio says (that) it will be cloudy tomorrow.
    无线电报道明天将要阴天.
    Tom's mother told him (that) Mary was a good girl.
    汤姆的妈妈告诉他玛丽是个好姑娘.
    ②由连词if、whether 引导的宾语从句.if、whether主要用来引导一般疑问句意思或选择疑问句意思的宾语从句,从句同样是陈述语序.whether,if 意思是"是否",在从句中不做句子的成分,一般情况下,whether和if 可以替换.例如:
    I don't know if/whether the sports meeting will be put off.
    我不知道是否运动会将会推迟.
    The teacher asked if/whether they could hand in their homework on time.
    老师问是否他们能准时交上作业.
    ③以连接代词which,what,who等或连接副词how,where,why 等引导的宾语从句,从句要用陈述语序.例如:
    I want to know what he has told you.
    我想知道他告诉了你什么.
    She always thinks of how she can work well.
    她总是在想怎样能把工作做好.
    (2)宾语从句的时态
    ①当主句为一般现在时态、现在进行时态、或一般将来时态时,从句可用所需要的任何时态.例如:
    I want to know what time he got up this morning.
    我想知道他今天早上什么时候起床的.
    I know she has studied English since 2010.
    我知道她自从2010年以来已经学英语了.
    ②当主句为一般过去时态时,从句要用于过去有关的时态.例如:
    The teacher told us that Tom had left us for America.
    老师告诉我们汤姆已经离开我们去美国了.
    He asked what Jim was doing now.
    他问吉姆现在在做什么.
    ③当从句表述的是客观真理或自然现象时,宾语从句要使用一般现在时.例如:
    My brother asked whether light travels faster than sound.
    我弟弟问光是否比声音传播得快.
    Mary said no news is a good news.
    玛丽说没有消息就是好消息.
    【易混淆点】
    ★注意:一般情况下,whether 和if 可以互用,但有些情况例外.
    ①当从句做介词的宾语时,只用whether不用if.
    We are talking about whether we'll go shopping.
    我们正在谈论我们是否将去购物.
    ②引导词与动词不定式或 not连用时,只用whether.
    Please let me know what we can do next.
    请让我知道我们下一步能做什么.
    Could you tell me whether you have a beautiful dog or not?
    你能告诉我你是否你又一条漂亮的狗吗?
    ③if当如果讲时,引导的是条件状语从句,这时不能用whether.
    We can go by bus if it rains heavily tomorrow.
    如果明天下大雨,我们可以乘公交车去.
    【解题方法点拨】
    1、牢记所有的宾语从句要陈述语序,这也是考试的重点和难点.例如:
    ①The teacher asked the students ________.
    A.if they were interested in dinosaurs B.when was Albert Einstein born
    C.what they will do with the computers D.how many trees they have planted
    答案:A 解析:宾语从句中从句应保持陈述语序,答案B首先删去,主句一般过去式,从句要用于过去有关的时态,删去答案C和D,答案A中的if 意为如果.
    ②It makes no difference __________.
    A.whether will you come tomorrow.
    B.Whether or not will be pass the exam
    C.If he will come to the meeting or not
    D.Whether he will come to the meeting or not
    答案:D 解析:答案A和B从句不是陈述语序先删掉,if不能与not连用.因此此题选D.
    2、根据主句的时态,正确使用宾语从句的时态.例如:
    ①We didn't know which room ________.
    A.he lived B.he lived in C.did he live D.he lives in
    答案:B 解析:主句是一般过去时态,从句要用相应的过去时态,排除D;宾语从句要用陈述语序,排除C;live是不及物动词,不能省略介词in,排除A.故选 B.
    ②Our teacher told us that the moon _________ round the earth.
    A.went B.turned C.go D.turns
    答案:D 解析:从句是一个客观真理,因此从句的时态不受主句影响.故选 D.
    3、准确把握宾语从句的引导词.例如:
    ①He asked me _______ I could sing the song"My Heart will Go On."
    A.if B.weather C.what D.that
    答案:A 解析:此句应选含有疑问意思的关系代词,故删去D;weather 意为天气,根据句意应选A.
    ②I am sure _______ you said is true.
    A.what B.that C.which D.who
    答案:A 解析:根据句意应用what,做said 的内容,意思是"你所说的话".故选A.
    【中考命题方向】
    宾语从句在中考是考查的重点,主要考查引导宾语从句的连词和代词的选择,宾语从句的语序,宾语从句的时态三个方面.考查方式灵活多样,经常以单项选择、完形填空、动词填空、完成句子的形式考查,甚至书面表达也可以考查宾语从句.
    16.情境对话
    【考查能力介绍】
    ①情境对话的常见考查形式有听力理解、单项选择、情景反应、分栏进行情景配对等.
    ②情境对话主要考查英语的日常用语、习惯用语以及各种场合的交际性语言,并从实际出发,考查交际语言的运用能力.
    【解题方法点拨】
    ①对于听力理解,我们需要在听录音之前熟悉所给材料,根据选项内容做出预判,从而在听录音时能快速抓住关键词,做出迅速正确的反应.
    ②对于单项选择题,我们需要:首先,读懂题干,理解对话的交际场合和交际意图,从而明确答题方向;其次,结合选项和上下文语境,确认符合语境的回答方式.
    ③对于情景反应题,我们要根据已给出的对话情境,结合所学话题相关知识来填写正确的符合情境的句子.
    ④对于分栏搭配题,我们可以先易后难,用排除法先选出自己已经确定对应交际用语的选项,把不确定选项留到最后,以免出现连环错误.
    解题步骤(以题为例)
    ﹣Thank you for helping me with my English.
    ﹣_______. I hope you can do better in it.(  )
    A.Good idea B.See you C.I'm not sure D.You're welcome
    考点:情境对话.
    分析:﹣﹣谢谢你帮我学英语.
    ﹣﹣不用谢.我希望你能学得更好.
    解答:A好主意,B再见,C我不确定,D不用谢;根据前句"谢谢你帮我学英语"和后句"我希望你能学得更好"可知,要用"不用谢",其它选项语意不通.故选:D.
    点评:考查情境对话,要根据所表达的内容,用正确的单词和短语、恰当的句型和准确的时态.

    你想知道现在几点,可以这样问: ?
    考点:情境对话.
    解答:这是一个情景反应题.题目已给出了对话情境"你想知道现在几点,可以这样问",根据对话情境可知这里要问"现在几点了",根据所学交际用语可以答题:What time is it?
    【解题技巧】
    在情境对话中答题中,我们要注意"三从""五忌"答题策略的应用:
    ①"三从"是指遵从礼貌原则、利他原则和跨文化交际原则;
    ②"五忌"是指忌简单照搬、忌中文思维、忌直接拒绝、忌答非所问、忌从字面理解.
    【中考命题方向】
    英语的交际性和实用性是中考考查的热点和难点,近年来中考交际英语中情境对话的比重有所加大.命题时常根据日常交际用语及应答结合具体语境综合设题,但都在大纲要求的交际用语项目之内,只要平时注意积累,就不难解答.
    17.记叙文
    【概念及特点】
    完形填空题就是在一篇短文中空出某些词(或短语),每个空白处提供四个选项,要求从中选出一个最佳答案,使短文意思完整、结构合理、无语法错误的题型.
    完形填空是在单项填空的基础上发展起来的介于单项填空和阅读理解之间的一种题型.它题材广泛,体裁多样.文章内容新颖、有趣、可读性强,具有鲜明的时代感,包括社会生活、风土人情、人文环境、人物传记等.而夹叙夹议型文章成为近几年完形填空变化的一个特点.篇章大多有10或15个小题,难度符合《新课程标准》的要求.
    完形填空题的特点:
    1、完形填空题能够较为全面地考查学生综合运用语言知识的能力.这一题型的主要考查内容为:
    (1)语言知识型.考查语言基础知识,如固定短语、基本句型、基础语法、单词在一定语境下的具体应用、习惯用法、常用搭配等.
    (2)推理判断型.考查对篇章的整体理解和推理判断能力.
    (3)综合型.综合考查知识和能力.
    2.完形填空题所选文章有以下两大特点:
    (1)所选文章是一个有机的整体尽管看起来形式上有残缺(若干个空),但它的内容、句与句之间的衔接点、句子与段落之间的联系、段落与段落之间的逻辑顺序仍存在于篇章之中.
    (2)文章选材广泛
    近几年在试题设计上选择了学生感兴趣的热门话题,降低了对单词本身词义及语法的考查,注重上下文联系,突出综合运用英语的能力,全面测试考生的阅读理解能力、逻辑思维能力、逻辑分析能力和推理判断能力.因此,考生做完形填空题时,要快速通读全文,理解文章大意与各段落的中心意思,把握文章脉络和作者的写作意图.
    【命题趋势】
    完形填空题的两空之间一般相隔7﹣10个词,短文第一个句子作为提示句,一般不设空,并且短文被删去的词多是实词(动词、名词、形容词、副词、代词)为主,而虚词(介词、连词、冠词)相对较少,甚至不设空.其特点如下:
    1.以考查实词为主
    信息词汇(或通常所说的"实词")比重极大,且有逐年增加的趋势.
    2.降低了对单词本身词义的考查要求
    突出该题型的主要测试目的:理解全文,通篇考虑,掌握大意,注意关联.
    3.增加了考查连词的题
    考查考生对于行文逻辑的掌握及对文句之间关联性的理解.
    4.注重结合语境考查对词语用法的掌握
    主要涉及两个方面:词义辨析与习惯搭配.同义词与近义词的比较分辨应当放到一定的语境之中才有意义.如果只是一一对应地记单词的中文意思,不注意具体语境中单词的确切含义,是难以分辨一些词的细微差异的.
    【解题步骤】
    1.通读全文,了解大意
    做题之前,必须先浏览全文,了解短文的大意,这是非常重要的一个步骤.通过短文所提供的信息,借助语感及相关知识的推断,可以从整体上把握短文的轮廓.
    完形填空题不同于单项填空题,单项填空题所给的是一个或两个句子,根据设空句或前后语境就可以选出答案.而完形填空题所给的是一篇意思完整的短文,答案的选择要联系整段或整篇文章.切勿为了省时而边看边填;否则,只会欲速则不达.许多地方看不下去,选择时或不解其意,或似懂非懂,从而举棋不定,这样不仅错误率高,而且费时费力.
    每篇短文总有一定的主题思想,段落之间必须能承上启下,前后呼应,句与句之间也一定紧密相连,形成一个有机的整体.因此通读全文时要一气呵成,不要中断思路,只要能理解短文的大意即可.某些细节不理解可以跳过,如果不影响答题,可以置之不理;如果与答题有关,可等到第二步填空时再解决.另外,在阅读时要特别注意一篇文章的开头和结尾,因为它们往往能够提供主要的信息,有助于我们把握全文所描述的事件或文章的中心思想.
    2.瞻前顾后,初选答案
    在通读全文,了解大意的基础上,便可着手答题.根据习惯用法、固定搭配,并从上下文中找关键性暗示,注意前后对照,凭借语感先选出比较容易的答案.有些题目设计得很巧妙,由下文暗示上文,很有可能开头的空格填入四个选项在语法上都成立,但正确选项要到文章末尾才能知道.反之亦然,文章末尾的空格有可能在上文找到提示性的内容.
    3.每空细读,分析斟酌
    逐句精读,逐题分析选项,有少数空格需多方面地推敲分析,如词义分析、语法结构分析、上下文推理分析等,下面是从所给四个选项角度考虑的解题思路:
    (1)若考查冠词,则须依据短文空白后单词的第一个音素来确定是用a还是an,根据空格后名词是表示特指还是泛指来确定是用不定冠词a/an还是用定冠词the,或根据冠词的习惯用法来确定.
    (2)若是考查介词或副词(如up,out,of,away等)可先从固定搭配入手;若不属于固定搭配,则根据句子结构及介词和副词的意义及用法仔细进行推敲从而作出选择.
    (3)若四个选项是名词,则须注意名词的单复数形式、所有格形式等.
    (4)如考查形容词或副词,则须根据其所在句中的作用以及它前面的修饰语等来确定是什么词性,是应用比较级还是最高级.
    (5)如果考查动词,要么考查在特定语境中动词词义的辨析,要么考查某些固定搭配或时态、语态以及非谓语动词形式等.
    (6)若选项是连接词、关系词或连词,则应根据句子结构和上下文的意思决定是选择连接(关系)代词还是连接(关系)副词.也可从连词的一些惯用法或固定搭配等入手,如not.…until、as.…as、not so…as或用because不用so、用but不用though等.
    4.复核全文,清除疏漏
    所有的答案选出之后,应再次通读全文,对所选的答案进行核实调整,经过第三步的逐句推敲之后,对短文内容的理解更为深刻,最初选择时有些难解或误解的问题这时就很容易判断,从而也就能得到更好的解决.这一步费时不多却很有必要.
    【注意事项】
    1.重视首尾句
    完形填空所选的短文一般无标题,但首句通常不设空格,它很可能是文章开篇的重要交代,为预测短文体裁及全文大意提供重要信息.尾句往往是段落的灵魂.首尾句往往是文章的主题句,在主题句中,一般可能出现文章的背景知识,故事性文章的时间、地点、人物、事件等,抓住并理解主题句对统观全文有很大的帮助.
    2.先易后难
    首先做那些只要根据上下文就能确定答案的直接的、明显的题目,即考查固定词组、常见句型或明显的语法结构等的题目.对于生疏的人名、地名以及次要的修饰词可暂时搁置一旁,这些东西往往纷杂、累赘,甚至令人厌烦,可尽量绕开它们.假如某个空格太难而一时拿不准选哪一个,可先把它放在一边进行"冷却",把容易做的全部做好,这样就增强了信心,同时也降低了试题的难度,原来的难题也就不攻自破了.
    3.巧断生词
    如果句子中有个别生词,要通过上下文或构词法知识来推断它的词义."熟词新义"的情况有时也会碰到,要注意灵活处理.有时,生词对解题根本没什么影响,所以碰到生词大可不必紧张.
    4.以长补短,灵活作答
    有的同学英语背景知识丰富,有的语感好,有的语法知识比较扎实,有的逻辑推理能力较强.总之要充分发挥自己的特长,以长补短,灵活作答,综合判断.
    5.充满信心,集中精力
    答题时头脑中切忌出现自己"解不出""做不完""看不懂"等坏信号.集中精力可使答题一气呵成,既有利于答题效率的提高,又能保证答题的准确性.
    【解题方法】
    1、利用语境及逻辑关系解题
    完形填空的文章结构严谨,层次分明,句子与句子之间、段落与段落之间、上文与下文之间的逻辑关系很强.有些选项,不仅要符合语法的要求,更要符合语境及逻辑关系.如:
    (2018盐城)I have had a long career as a nurse. I have met many patients. 28 _, I have never met another girl like Katy.
    28. A. Instead B. Besides C.Therefore D. However
    Instead代替;而不是,替代关系;Besides除此之外,递进关系;Therefore因此,因果关系However然而,转折关系.根据上文 "I have many patients."以及下文 "I have never met another girl like Katy" 根据前后的逻辑关系,此处为转折关系,表示虽然见过很多病人,但是从没见过像Katy这样的女孩.这样就选出答案D项.
    2、利用固定搭配解题
    完形填空题中对词汇知识的考查主要体现在习惯用法和同义词、近义词的辨析两方面.习惯用法是英语中某种固定的结构形态,不能随意改动.所以,考生平时应掌握好习惯用法.对词义辨析题的考查有加大力度的趋势.要做好这类题,需要有较大的词汇量、掌握词语搭配知识并具有词语辨析的能力,特别:是在特定的语境中能灵活运用的能力.如:
    (2018扬州)For a couple of days afterward, Max 25 a new title for me.
    25. A. worked out B. turned out C. carried out D. tried out
    work out意为 "得出";turn out意为"结果是";carry out意为 "执行";try out意为 "尝试",符合句意 "后来的几天,马克斯试图用新头衔称呼我."所以此题只要对这些短语加以辨析就能找到答案B.
    3、利用上下文或复现信息解题
    语篇复现的信息包括原词复现、同义词和反义词复现、上义词和下义词复现、概括词复现、释义复现、代词复现等.因此,利用上下文寻找复现信息能帮助考生尽快确定答案.
    (2017南通) Just as he had thrown down his wood, he heard his mother's weak voice from her bedroom. "I am 29 , and longing for some tea."
    29. A. thirsty B. hungry C. sleepy D. busy
    四个备选选项都能作表语,语法上没有错误,但如果读到后一句的longing for some tea,就能通过这种释义复现的方式看出妈妈要喝水,口渴的,这样就能选出答案A.
    4、利用背景及常识解题
    完形填空试题正朝着语言交际化、情景生活化、词汇运用灵活化的方向发展,语言运用与情景交际融为一体.因此解题时,考生的英语语言知识和其他方面的知识都发挥着重要的作用.
    考生可充分对自己已掌握的文化背景、社会经验及生活常识巧妙地加以运用,这样将会大大简化复杂的分析与判断过程,节省宝贵的时间,顺利地沿作者的思路阅读下去.如:
    (2018泰州) Last autumn, my 80﹣year﹣old grandmother was having problems with her heart. My family sent her to the 16 .
    After a careful examination, a famous doctor told my grandmother, "You have such a 17_____ heart condition that you should have an operation."
    16. A. park B. hotel C. restaurant D. hospital
    17. A. wonderful B. serious C. difficult D. proper
    这两个小题都可以利用生活常识来解题.一般来说,人们身体出现问题,都送去医院,hospital符合题意;而奶奶需要一台手术,证明心脏病情是严重的,serious符合题意.因此,只要对备选选项的词义有基本的了解,答案就很容易选出.
    总之,考生要在"读﹣填﹣读"的过程中遵循以下方针:抓住首句,跳过空格,通读全文,掌握大意;理解词义,瞻前顾后,先易后难,逐个突破;重读全文,个个审核,验证答案,战胜自我.
    18.人物故事类阅读
    【考查类型】
    (1)阅读理解考查类型:
    1.主旨大意
    2.文中细节
    3.词义猜测
    4.推理判断.
    (2)文中细节的考查类型:
    1.直接信息题
    2.间接信息题
    3.综合信息题.
    【解题方法】
    1.直接信息题:
    直接信息题是指能够直接从原文中找到信息,选项在语言表达上与原文基本一致的题目.
    2.间接信息题:
    间接信息题是能够从原文中找到信息,但在语言表达上与原文有差异,做题时需要对原文信息进行转换.
    3.综合信息题:
    综合信息题是指这类题目所涉及的信息不是原文的某一句话,可能是原文的几句话,或者是散落在文章不同的地方,要求学生把原文所提供的信息综合起来分析,而不能断章起义.
    【常见的提问方式】
    1.According to the passage,who/what/where/which/when/why/how,etc.?
    2.Which of the following is True/Not True/false/mentioned?
    3.Which of the following is the correct according to the passage?
    19.广告布告类阅读
    【考查类型】
    (1)阅读理解考查类型:
    1.主旨大意
    2.文中细节
    3.词义猜测
    4.推理判断.
    (2)文中细节的考查类型:
    1.直接信息题
    2.间接信息题
    3.综合信息题.
    【解题方法】
    1.直接信息题:
    直接信息题是指能够直接从原文中找到信息,选项在语言表达上与原文基本一致的题目.
    2.间接信息题:
    间接信息题是能够从原文中找到信息,但在语言表达上与原文有差异,做题时需要对原文信息进行转换.
    3.综合信息题:
    综合信息题是指这类题目所涉及的信息不是原文的某一句话,可能是原文的几句话,或者是散落在文章不同的地方,要求学生把原文所提供的信息综合起来分析,而不能断章起义.
    【常见的提问方式】
    1.According to the passage,who/what/where/which/when/why/how,etc.?
    2.Which of the following is True/Not True/false/mentioned?
    3.Which of the following is the correct according to the passage?
    20.新闻报道类阅读
    【考查类型】
    (1)阅读理解考查类型:
    1.主旨大意
    2.文中细节
    3.词义猜测
    4.推理判断.
    (2)文中细节的考查类型:
    1.直接信息题
    2.间接信息题
    3.综合信息题.
    【解题方法】
    1.直接信息题:
    直接信息题是指能够直接从原文中找到信息,选项在语言表达上与原文基本一致的题目.
    2.间接信息题:
    间接信息题是能够从原文中找到信息,但在语言表达上与原文有差异,做题时需要对原文信息进行转换.
    3.综合信息题:
    综合信息题是指这类题目所涉及的信息不是原文的某一句话,可能是原文的几句话,或者是散落在文章不同的地方,要求学生把原文所提供的信息综合起来分析,而不能断章起义.
    【常见的提问方式】
    1.According to the passage,who/what/where/which/when/why/how,etc.?
    2.Which of the following is True/Not True/false/mentioned?
    3.Which of the following is the correct according to the passage?
    21.阅读表达
    【考查能力介绍】
    ①阅读表达即根据短文内容回答问题,是阅读理解的一个重要题型.此题为5个问题,一般比较简单,多数为细节理解题,答案能在原文中找到出处;也有开放性题目,往往需要概括文章主旨大意.
    ②阅读表达题往往从不同的角度命题,既考查学生的阅读理解能力,也考查他们的英语表达能力和概括能力,另外,对回答的拼写、语法的正确性的也有较高的要求.
    【解题方法点拨】
    ①通读全文,弄清楚段落大意及文章的中心意思以及作者的基本观点、态度.
    ②根据问题去寻找答案,避免答非所问.
    ③简练作答,不要画蛇添足.组织答案时,注意避免语言错误,如:时态、主谓一致、句子结构和拼写等.
    ④认真核查,逐一检查所填的词是否符合原文主旨和细节,是否答非所问,是否仍存在语法、词汇拼写等错误,如果对字数有要求,是否符合要求.
    ⑤答案形式要符合提问方式,如原文中提问方式为"why",那么就要用"because"引导的从句来回答.
    解题步骤(以题目为例)
    One day,Peter had a fight with one of his classmates.Then he went to his grandfather and told him his story angrily."He is really bad,"the boy said,"and I hate him."
    The grandfather said,"Let me tell you a story.When I was a boy,I also sometimes hated others for what they did."
    As Peter listened carefully,the grandfather went on."There are always two tigers inside my heart.One is good and kind.He gets on well with everything around him.But the other is bad and unfriendly.Even the smallest thing will make him angry.He fights with everyone all the time,and for no reason.He can't think carefully because he always hates others.It is difficult to live with these two tigers inside my heart.They both try to control (控制) me."
    Peter looked into his grandfather's eyes and asked,"Which tiger always controls you,grandfather?"
    The old man said slowly and seriously,"The one that I feed.I always feed the good and kind tiger,so I never hate others and seldom (很少) get angry now."
    阅读表达.阅读短文,根据短文内容回答下列问题.
    (1)What's wrong with Peter?
    (2)Who did Peter tell his problems to?
    (3)How many tigers are there in the grandfather's heart?
    (4)Is it easy to live with these two tigers?
    (5)Why does the old man never hate others and seldom get angry?
    题目(1)问彼得怎么了,细读原文可得出答案"He had a fight with one of his classmates.",因问句中有提到彼得,答句中不能用原文直接回答,需变主语为代词避免重复.
    题目(2)问彼得把他的问题告诉谁了,抓住中心词who,回答时只需答出这个人即可,根据原文可知应答"His grandfather.".
    题目(3)问祖父的心中有多少只老虎,对how many的回答需要用数字,根据细节"There are always two tigers inside my heart."可知要答"Two.".
    题目(4)是个一般疑问句,回答时用Yes, it it.或No, it isn't.,根据文中细节"It is difficult to …"可知应该用否定回答.
    题目(5)问为什么老人从不怨恨别人也很少生气,用why提问,回答时要用because.根据末段老人的话可以知道答案"Because he always feed the good and kind tiger.".
    从问题中找出关键词在文章很容易寻出细节理解题的最佳答案.对于例题中没有涉及的归纳概括题,解题时要关注语篇结构(总﹣分、分﹣总、总﹣分﹣总),尽可能用原文中的关键词语回答问题,但不能照抄原句,要对原文进行总结归纳.
    【解题技巧】
    答题时,要了解不同问题的回答方式.
    ①一般疑问句用Yes/No回答.
    ②选择疑问句回答时不用Yes/No,需选择其中正确的一部分来作答.
    ③回答特殊疑问句较为复杂,要注意问题与回答在形式上的对应:问目的,就用 for短语、不定式短语等来回答;问原因,就用 because of 短语或because 从句来回答;问方式,就用 By doing来回答;问时间、地点时,答语中不要忘记介词;提问词是what 只能用完整句子、名词或名词性短语、名词性从句(多为宾语从句)来回答.
    【中考命题方向】
    阅读表达题是一些地方中考命题的重点题型,阅读内容贴近中学生学习生活.随着英语语言的普及,命题难度也在逐年增加,由简单的细节型提问更多地转变为对归纳概括能力的考查.一般疑问句的回答会逐渐减少,会更多地倾向于对特殊疑问句的问答.
    22.选句补全短文
    【考查能力介绍】
    ①选句补全短文即短文还原,要求考生把所给选项中的句子还原到文中相对应的空白处,设空位置一般为三种:段首、段尾和段中,以段中设空居多.
    ②这类题型最常见的体裁是记叙文,近年来各地对说明文和议论文等都有所涉及.该题型要求考生了解常见写作顺序,关注段落中各句子之间的逻辑关系,主要为:并列、转折、因果关系及其它关系.
    复习方法点拨:
    ①坚持每天阅读英语文章,保证一定的阅读量以培养语感;
    ②在保证阅读量的基础上限制阅读时间,提高阅读速度;
    ③多积累词汇知识,打好基础;
    ④坚持复习语法知识和惯用法知识,提高自己的理解能力.
    【解题方法点拨】
    ①通读全文,了解文章大意;
    ②细读五个选项,找出和文章相对应的关键词,分析选项间的逻辑关系;
    ③根据文章整体结构、具体内容,结合关键词,选出最佳选项.
    ④将所选答案代入文中,再次通读全文,重点查看逻辑关系和关联结构是否合理.
    解题步骤(以题为例)
    Why should students play sports? Some people think that students play sports in order to get exercise.(1) But that is not enough. If students play sports, they can get more than healthy bodies.
    Why?(2)
    Students who play sports do better in school.(3) But a recent study has shown that students who play sports get better scores in school than those who don't. Exercise gets students to learn, remember things and concentrate(专心) better.
    (4) When they are working together with others to win games and reach goals, they're learning how to be successful in practice. And these skills will be useful to them for study or their future work.
    Playing sports can also improve confidence. Students who play sports feel better about themselves. When they know they can improve and reach their goals by practicing,(5) And sports can also help them communicate with others actively and make new friends.
    Now, how about going out to play sports with your friends every day?
    A.it builds their confidence.
    B.Here are three more reasons.
    C.Some students like playing basketball.
    D.Others think it can help students have fun.
    E.Some people think that doing exercise will take up(占据) students' study here.
    F.Students who play sports develop their teamwork spirits and learn problem﹣solving skills.
    这是一道6选5的选句补全短文题.
    在答题时,我们要先细读选项确定各个选项的意思,心里有个初步概念.
    第二步我们要通读全文,在通读过程中就可以考虑选项位置.
    第三步需要先易后难来确定答案:根据设空处(5)前面是逗点,可知其后并不是个大写字母开头的句子,只有A项合适;(1)空处前面有some正好可与others形成惯用法,some …others …,可选D项;(2)空前有问句why,可找其对应词reasons,选B;(3)处可下文中的转折关系推知此处是说做运动不好的地方,只有E项符合题意;(4)是段首设空,可能是段落中心句,根据后文中working together对应选项F中的teamwork spirits,be successful in practice对应选项F中problem﹣solving skills可知应选F.
    答题的最后一步,我们需要回读文章确定答案是否正确.
    【解题技巧】
    ①抓住过渡词,看住上下句;盯紧横线的前后词语.
    ②如果问题设在段首,有以下三种情况:A.通常是段落的主题句,需认真阅读后文内容,根据段落一致性原则,查找相关的词,推断出主题句;B.与后文是并列,转折,因果关系等;段落间的过渡句,这时要瞻前顾后找启示,结合上下文看所选的答案是否将两段内容连贯起来.
    ③如果问题设在段尾,需要考虑:A.空白前的一句或两句是重点语句,重点阅读以锁定关键词;B.通常是结论,概括性语句;C.与前文是转折或对比关系,此时要注意在选项中查找表示转折对比的关联词;D.与前文是并列或排比关系,根据段落一致性原则,在原文和选项中找到相关的特征词;E.所选答案是引出下一段的内容;如果第一段的段尾是空白,要认真阅读,看此处是细节还是主题.
    【中考命题方向】
    选句补全短文是中考中的常见题型之一,近年来题目难度也有所增大.考查方式上常见的有7选5,5选5,也有些省份甚至从句子还原升级到了段落还原.这就要求考生在平时要加大阅读量,培养一定的语感,在平时练习时总结出合适自己的答题技能,以不变应万变.
    23.首字母阅读填空
    【考查能力介绍】
    ①首字母阅读填空常要求考生根据短文意思和所提供的首字母,写出一个完整、正确由能使短文通顺的单词.
    ②首字母阅读填空考查范围极广,是完型填空式中考试卷中最难的题型,最能测量考生实际运用语言的能力.它要求考生要有较强的语感,善于体会上下文的内在联系,还要有扎实的语言知识储备和较大的词汇量.
    ③该题的考查重点是名词、动词、形容词、副词和代词这几大词类.
    【解题方法点拨】
    做首字母阅读填空题,我们需要在自身知识积累足够的基础上,掌握一定的方法,以便快速准确地答题.
    ①通读全文,跳过空格,了解全文大意;
    ②结合所给首字母,综合考虑,初步确定答案;
    ③仔细推敲,注意词形的变化,从词法、句法、惯用法等方面考虑答案的准确性;
    ④复读全文,确保填入的词既能使句意通顺,又能做到语法、用词搭配的正确,避免不必要的失分.
    解题步骤(以题为例)
    Once, there was a little grey planet. People living on it hadn't looked after it well.(1)A____ they had excellent inventions and spaceships beyond our imagination, they made the planet(2)f____ of rubbish and pollution. As a result there were no plants or(3)a____ left.
    One day, a little boy was walking on the(4)p____. When he passed a cave(山洞), he noticed a small red(5)f____ in it. The flower was sick and almost dying. The boy(6)d____ it out carefully with its root and some soil. Then he tried to find somewhere to plant it, but he failed. He looked up in the sky and he found the(7)m____. He thought the flower might grow(8)w____ on the moon. So he climbed into a spaceship with the flower and(9)f____ to the moon. He grew the flower on the moon and took care of it every day. Soon the flowers spread all over the moon and the moon was(10)c____ with red flowers.
    When all the flowers come out, the moon looks(11)____, like a warning light. If we don't look(12)a____ our earth carefully, the day will come when flowers will only be able to grow on the moon.
    这是2018年咸宁的最新中考题,解题时要先通读全文,可以根据语境推知:(1)以首字母A开头的复合句前后是转折关系,应该用连词Although;(2)考查固定搭配,be full of;(3)以a开头和plants(植物)并列,很容易就能联想到是说动物,根据plants可知要用复数形式,animals;(4)(5)(7)(11)需要联系上下文从文中寻得答案,是送分题;(6)可根据语境得知是要挖出花儿,用动词dig,涉及到动词就需要考虑时态,上下文都是一般过去时,这里也需要用过去式dug;(8)以w开头用以修饰动词grow的,根据语境可知要用well;(9)根据提示词spaceship和首字母f可知应该是要飞向月球,同样用过去式flew;(10)根据spread all over the moon可以知道月球上被红花所覆盖,用固定搭配be covered with;(11)根据语境和首字母a可知此处要用after来组成词组look after.题目做完之后,把答案代入题中凭语感就可判断处答案正确与否.
    【中考命题方向】
    首字母填空类短文题是近几年各省、市题经常采用的题型之一.从近几年的考题来看,首字母填空题所考查的单词涉及的词性范围较广,各大词类几乎都有涉及.所设文章短小、精致,体裁不一,题材丰富,内容通俗易懂,与现代生活紧密相关,可读性、趣味性强,符合初中生的认知特点.
    24.翻译填空
    【概念】
    翻译填空是指结合给出的单词或短语的意思,填出正确的答案.
    【解题方法点拨】
    (1)当遇到一个需要填的词时,首先要考虑这个词在句子中的成分是什么?词性是什么?
    If you stay up for your favorite TV programs, you will feel s _______(困倦的)
    考点;翻译填空.
    分析:如果你熬夜看你最喜欢的电视节目,你会感到困倦.
    解答:困倦的sleepy,形容词做表语,根据句意和首字母可知,答案为sleepy.故答案是sleepy.
    点评;根据汉语完成句子是基础题,需要学生根据句意、时态和固定搭配等,来选择合适的单词或者短语.另外,学生多积累单词和短语,也有助于解答这类题目.
    (2)如果需要填的是名词,就要考虑名词的单复数和所有格形式.
    Wearing red can help you make a _______(决定).
    考点:翻译填空.
    分析:穿红色衣服可以帮助你做出决定.
    解答:考查翻译填空.句意:穿红色衣服可以帮助你做出决定.根据汉语提示及其英语句子,可知要翻译的部分为:决定.英语表达是decision.前有冠词a,所以用名词单数.故答案为decision.
    点评:做这类题型,首先根据所给汉语明确句子所要考查的单词或短语的拼写,再结合相关语法知识对单词或短语做出形式上的变化.
    (3)如果需要填的是形容词或副词,就应考虑是用原级或是比较级,还是最高级.
    (4)如果需要填的是动词,则要考虑东西的时态,语态,人称变化,语气以及非谓语动词(不定式和动词﹣ing形式)的一般式,被动式和完成式等.
    His father _______to buy him an e﹣dictionary as his birthday present,he felt excited.(答应)
    考点:翻译填空.
    分析:他父亲答应给他买一个电子词典作为生日礼物,他感到很兴奋.
    解答:根据His father_____﹣to buy him an e﹣dictionary as his birthday present,he felt excited,可知他父亲答应给他买一个电子词典作为生日礼物,他感到很兴奋,从felt判断句子使用一般过去时,promise,动词,答应.故填:promised.
    (5)如果需要填空的是介词,则要注意固定搭配的用法.
    (6)如果需要填的是冠词,则要注意是用不定冠词还是用定冠词.
    (7)另外要注意一些固定句型的完整.
    【易混淆点】
    (1)注意翻译填空和单词填空的区别.
    (2)根据常用短语,固定用法,及其一些动词、名词、形容词的变化规律作答.
    (3)掌握单词的拼写,再根据语境语义来做出正确答案.
    【中考命题方向】
    中考英语试题常考查单词和短语的意思,及其它们在句子中的正确形式.这些是考查的重点.
    25.提纲作文
    【概念】
    提纲作文是近几年中考英语书面表达的热点题型.命题者通常把提纲作文与其他常用文体形式(如书信、报道、通知、日记等)有机结合在一起进行考查,使该类书面表达试题综合性越来越强.
    1.提纲作文的特点
    提纲作文就是把文章的情景和内容要求分成块,以条目的形式列出,请考生据此进行写作.这实际上是对考生思路和文章写作范围所作的明确限定.因此,提纲中所列举的要点要全部涉及到,一个也不能遗漏.
    2.思维空间灵活、开放
    为了提高文章档次,考生应在保证内容要点齐全的同时进行合理而又紧扣主题的发挥.因此,该类型的书面表达具有一定的灵活性,能较好地体现考生的英语思维能力.
    3.提纲作文的写作步骤一般分为:审题,明确文体形式;构思,根据提纲全面构思文章内容,根据内容构思词语和句型结构;写作完稿,根据构思的词语和句型结构,按照合理的顺序和语言要求,连句成文.注意句子间的正确联系,注意词语的丰富和句型的多样.
    【写作举例】
    假定你们学校英语报社征集以"我最感激的人﹣﹣妈妈"为主题的英语作文,请你根据要求写一篇英语短文,谈谈你的妈妈.
    要点:1、简单介绍妈妈.
    2、感激妈妈的理由.
    3、如何感激.
    注意:1、词数100左右.
    2、可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯.
    3、开头已为你写好,但不计入总词数.
    Everyone has a person he wants to say thank﹣you to in his
    deep heart.I owe my great gratitude to my mother. .
    案例分析
    第一步:审题
    本篇书面表达属于提纲类作文,根据提示信息假定你们学校英语报社征集以"我最感激的人﹣﹣妈妈"为主题的英语作文,请你根据要求写一篇英语短文,谈谈你的妈妈, 写作时注意以下几点:一、仔细阅读有关提示,弄清试题提供的所有信息,要点包括:1、简单介绍妈妈. 2、感激妈妈的理由. 3、如何感激. 二、提纲是文章的总体框架,要在提纲的范围内进行分析、构思和想象.要依据提示情景或词语,按照一定逻辑关系来写.本文写作时可以按照要点所给的顺序写.三、根据要表达的内容确定句子的时态、语态.四.注意使用高级词汇和句式,以增加文章的亮点.
    第二步:构思
    文章应该按照"总述﹣﹣分述"的结构分为四段段.
    第一段:点题,说明要感激的人.
    第二段:简单介绍妈妈.
    第三段:感激妈妈的理由.
    第四段:如何感激.
    第三步:完稿
    根据要点,按照逻辑顺序重新组织材料,力求拼写正确,行文连贯,连接自然,语言规范,词语丰富,句型多样,语法结构准确无误,表达简明扼要,慎用长难句.
    高分范文
    Everyone has a person he wants to say thank﹣you to in his deep heart.I am very grateful to my mother.
    My mother is a primary school teacher who graduated from a normal university.(高分句型一)She is a devoted mother as well as a kind and patient teacher.(简单介绍妈妈)She takes good care of me every day,especially this year when I am in Junior Three.She often cooks delicious food for me and helps me clean up my room.
    What's more,she even accompanies me deep into the night every time I am doing my homework.(高分句型二)Most important of all,whenever I get upset or lose heart,she will encourage me until I have been cheered up.She always says, "Heaven will always leave a door open.As long as you work hard,you will definitely succeed."(感激妈妈的理由)
    Now I try my best to study and spend almost all my time on my lessons in order to get into a good high school next year.This is the best way for me to thank my mother.(如何感激)
    声明:试题解析著作权属菁优网所有,未经书面同意,不得复制发布日期:2022/5/1 13:27:53;用户:赶考状元11415030-1;邮箱:u11415030-1.24630556;学号:42274763
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