北京中考阅读理解D篇专项训练（附解析）

这是一份北京中考阅读理解D篇专项训练（附解析），共12页。

While limited within the walls f the educatinal places, we penly explre ther cultures f the wrld! We cme t knw that urs is nt the nly culture. Other cultures have valuable things t share, enriching ur wn. Educatin als makes us want t travel and exchange with varius cultures, getting mre experience.
When there’s a recessin in the ecnmy (经济), thse wh attended cllege will be mre likely t find a new jb than thse wh nly finished high schl and have a limited skills set. The mre educatin yu have, the mre chances yu will get t imprve the quality f yur life as yu have a better jb and earn a higher salary.
When yu’re skillful and knwledgeable, yu gain access (通道) t peple f similar backgrunds and tastes. It means a gd educatin leads t excellent netwrking. Gd netwrking can benefit yu a lt in yur later life.
A gd educatin makes yu a mre interesting persn. Yu can talk abut ideas and events instead f just ther peple and what’s n sale in stres. An educated persn desn’t gssip (说闲话), having a preference t discuss ideas and listen t what ther peple have t say.
1．What can we learn abut cllege educatin frm Paragraph 2?
A．It ffers yu a chance t study abrad.
B．It can allw yu t gain mre knwledge.
C．It can imprve the quality f yur daily life.
D．It encurages yu t travel arund the wrld.
2．What des the underlined wrd “recessin” in Paragraph 4 prbably mean?
A．change.B．drp.C．grwth.D．supprt.
3．Hw can ne benefit frm a gd educatin?
A．Yu can gssip abut thers’ affairs.B．Yu are likely t study well at schl.
C．Yu can wrk well with yur cwrkers.D．Yu can get t knw excellent peple.
4．What is the main idea f the passage?
A．The benefits f attending cllege.B．The exchange with ther cultures.
C．The access t gd netwrking.D．The ways f cllege educatin.
As digital devices (数字设备) have taken ver sciety, keybard activity is nw ften taken t replace early handwriting. The idea is that typing may be easier fr yung children. But a new study has fund that using a pen r pencil activates (激活) mre areas f yur brain than a keybard des.
Audrey van der Meer, the study’s leader frm the Nrwegian University, believes that yung children shuld learn t write by hand successfully. This is because writing “gives the brain mre chances than typing t hang yur memries n”, she explains. Think abut it. When we write, ur brain needs t think abut and get back memries f the shape f each letter. We als need t use ur eyes t watch what shapes we’re writing. And we need t cntrl ur hands t press a pen r pencil t shape the different letters. All f this uses and cnnects mre areas f the brain.
Alng the way, these prcesses appear t “pen the brain up fr learning”, says Van der Meer. S learning thrugh nly ne way — digital — culd be harmful, she wrries.
Van der Meer als pints ut that taking ntes by hand encurages “visual(视觉的) ntetaking”. Rather than typing blindly, the visual ntetaker has t think abut what is imprtant t write dwn. Then, key wrds can be “cnnected with bxes, arrws, and small drawings”. Drawing images and writing als turn n parts f the brain invlved with learning. Writing even activates language areas.
This suggests, Van der Meer says, that when we write by hand, “we bth learn better and remember better”. S it’s imprtant fr children t learn handwriting in schl frm an early age.
This study des nt suggest giving up digital devices. In fact, it pints ut, cmputers and ther devices with keybards have becme essential in many mdern classrms. Keybarding als can be helpful fr students with certain special needs (such as if they have truble using their hands). But nearly all students will benefit frm learning handwriting at an early age.
Van der Meer agrees that learning t write by hand is a slwer prcess and requires fine mtr skills. But, she adds, that’s gd: “If we dn’t challenge ur brain, we can’t make full use f it.”
5．What is Paragraph 2 mainly abut?
A．Hw writing and printing activate the brain.
B．Hw typing invlves mre brain mvements.
C．Why peple prefer keybarding t handwriting.
D．Why handwriting is imprtant t yung children.
6．The wrd “essential” in Paragraph 6 prbably mean?
A．Famus.B．Expensive.C．Imprtant.D．Traditinal.
7．Accrding t the study, which f the fllwing abut taking ntes is TRUE?
A．It can develp drawing skills.
B．It’s gd fr language learning.
C．It can stp peple typing blindly.
D．It’s a must fr remembering letters.
8．Van der Meer might agree that ________.
A．learning thrugh digital devices is harmful
B．taking ntes by hand will be mre ppular
C．schls will limit time f using cmputers
D．children shuld learn handwriting early
Human activity is changing the surface and temperature f ur planet. But new research shws it is als changing the sund f ceans and seas. Scientists say these changes affect （影响）many sea animals—frm very small fish t huge whales.
Sund travels very far underwater. Fr fish, sund is a better way t sense their envirnment than light. They use sunds t cmmunicate with each ther. Sunds als help sme cean animals find fd and avid their hunters. Sunds help fish and ther sea animals survive（生存）.
Hwever, increased nise frm humans is making it harder fr these animals t hear each ther. The nise cmes frm shipping traffic, underwater il and gas explratin, and ther nisy human activity. Fr many sea animals, their effrts t cmmunicate are being masked （被掩盖）by sunds that humans have intrduced. Experts explain the term masking, which happens when ne r mre nises in the water blck sund imprtant t an cean animal’s life.
The Red Sea is ne f the wrld’s mst imprtant shipping passages. It is full f large ships traveling t Asia, Eurpe, and Africa. Sme fish and ther animals nw avid the nisiest areas. Als, the verall number f sea animals has gne dwn by abut half since 1970. In sme parts f the cean, scientists nw recrd fewer animals singing and calling than in the past.
Experts say that effects f nise n sea animals are nt well understd. Hwever, sme studies suggest that nise may cause hearing lss. The stress frm human nise might als affect the immune（免疫）system-an animal’s natural defense system. Many sea animals are shwing higher levels f stress because f nise.
When peple think f threats（威胁）facing the cean, we ften think f climate change, plastics, and verfishing. But nise pllutin is anther necessary thing we need t be mnitring. When it cmes t smething humans can d fr the cean, we need t think abut hw t make it quieter. Sund pllutin may be easier t deal with than ther cean threats. Yu can reduce r turn ff sund immediately. It’s nt like plastics r climate change, which are much harder t und.
9．Accrding t the passage, sunds can help sea animals in many ways except ________.
A．blcking the sunshine utsideB．searching fr smething t eat
C．getting away frm their huntersD．cmmunicating with each ther
10．What can yu knw frm the passage?
A．Nise des mre harm t sea animals than humans realize.
B．Plastic pllutin is the biggest threat facing ceans and seas.
C．Fish sense their envirnment better thrugh light than sund.
D．The Red Sea is ne f the mst ppular fishing areas in the wrld.
11．The underlined wrds “t und” in Paragraph 6 prbably mean “________”.
A．t invlve the effrtB．t prmise the resultC．t cancel the effectsD．t frget the influences
12．Which f the fllwing wuld be the best title fr the passage?
A．Why Are Ocean Animals S Nisy?B．Helpful Ways t Save Ocean Animals.
C．Humans Are Making Oceans T Nisy.D．Which Threat t Oceans Is the Biggest?
D yu knw the prverb “n pains, n gains”? It gives the impressin that we ught t be suffering while we study. It seems that the nly way t knw if we’re putting in enugh wrk is hw much hardship we bear. We are ttally taken up with study, shutting urselves away fr a big exam. Is that necessarily true?
When we haven’t taken the time t cme up with anther idea, we just shut urselves in a rm with a bk. It’s n surprise that we find revisin bring and difficult. Just as children learn frm playing, we can learn frm ding, r at least frm study techniques that interest us, rather than make us switch ff. Shutting urselves away can make us learn t hate studying, leading t a situatin where, instead f being able t cncentrate n ur wrk, we are trubled by hw unfair it is that we must study. This can be part f a vicius(恶性的) cycle that traps us int ineffective revisin, r pr prgress fueling(增加) further annyance.
Thankfully, wrking in the cmpany f ther peple really helps fight against that. We just need t learn hw t deal with distractins(分心). It’s nt necessary t avid all cmpany, just lazy cmpany. They cnstantly try t keep thers in cnversatin. While studying in the same rm with smene wh is irning r wrking ut is perfectly pssible. Of curse, it’s als a gd idea t avid the cmpany f peple invlved in activities where yu wuld rather be playing than studying. Wrking while sitting next t smene playing vide games is mst likely t end with a new high scre game rather than prductive revisin.
If being arund thers means wrking in a nisy envirnment, a pair f headphnes and sme backgrund music can blck ut nises. They als act as a psychlgical barrier, s that peple think twice befre interrupting yu. Besides, we shuld knw friends and family can lessen feelings f islatin. And cnnecting with ther peple makes us happy, s it’s imprtant nt t give that up and t make sure that we take the time t scialize.
13．What can we learn frm Paragraph 2?
A．Gd ideas are needed in terms f prgress.
B．Ways that interest us can lead t effective revisin.
C．Shutting urselves away can help cncentrate n wrk.
D．Revisin is interesting and easy with study techniques fr certain.
14．Accrding t Paragraph 3, the writer prbably agrees that ________.
A．ne shuld learn frm certain activities that interest us
B．playing vide games is helpful fr an effective study
C．ne shuldn’t study with the cmpany f a vide player
D．the mre time ne spends in playing games, the higher test scres ne will get
15．In the writer’s pinin, if yu study in a nisy envirnment, yu shuld ________.
A．spend n time scializingB．give up thers’ cmpany at nce
C．give signs f nt wanting t be interruptedD．frce yurself t be used t the envirnment
16．What is the writer’s main purpse in writing this passage?
A．T intrduce an effective studying means.B．T encurage us t wrk as hard as pssible.
C．T remind us t balance activities and study.D．T discuss the imprtance f family cmpany.
It is never t late t develp great study habits. If yu’re starting a new schl year, r yu just want t imprve yur grades and schl perfrmance, prper study habits will help yu. Yu’ll find that it des nt take that lng t frm study habits and yu may study differently frm yur friends, but yur study habits are nt wrng!
Kelly and Maria are best friends with a lt f identical interests. They lve ding things tgether, such as ging t mvies and cncerts, shpping, r just sitting at a small cafe. Since they take a lt f the same schl subjects, they wuld lve t study tgether, but they find this impssible. Their wrking styles are s cmpletely different that they can’t be in the same rm while they are studying!
Kelly wuld like t study in a clean, pen space, while Maria wrks best with bks, papers and ther things arund her. Kelly prefers t study in a ttally silent rm, but Maria lves t play music r even have the TV n. Kelly can sit fr hurs withut mving, and ften gets all her hmewrk dne in ne sitting. Maria, hwever, is always getting up, and says that she thinks best when she’s n the mve.
Yu might be asking yurself: which way f studying gets better results? Many peple believe that a silent, tidy setting is the way t g, but that desn’t necessarily seem true. Smeresearch has even shwn that utside nise and untidiness help sme peple fcus their attentin, because it makes them frm a “wall” in their mind arund what they are ding and imprves their fcus.
S, if yu’re a student wh chses t study while sitting at a table in a busy shpping center, dn’t wrry abut it. If yu wrk in ttal silence, that’s OK, t. Judging frm Kelly’s and Maria’s study habits, the best way t study is the way that wrks fr yu. In their very different ways, bth f them d well in schl, and bth finish their wrk within the required time as well.
17．What d we knw frm Kelly’s and Maria’s study habits?
A．The students wh like t study in silence can study well.B．Different students have different habits in their studies.
C．We can frm gd study habits by finishing hmewrk.D．Peple with different study habits can’t becme friends.
18．The wrd “identical” in Paragraph 2 prbably means ________.
A．secretB．specialC．sameD．simple
19．Which f the fllwing wuld be the best title fr the passage?
A．Ways t Imprve Yur Study Habits.B．Are Yu Studying the “Right” Way?
C．Is It Gd t Study with Yur Friends?D．Advice t Help Yu Make Mre Friends.
20．Accrding t the passage, the writer believes that ________.
A．we can have a wall t avid the utside nise t imprve the fcusB．successful students shuld practice a lt t imprve their study skills
C．prper study habits can help students make prgress in their studiesD．study tgether can help bth f the friends get better grades in schl
参考答案：
1．B
2．B
3．D
4．A
【解析】
【导语】
本文是篇说明文。文章主要说明上大学接受高等教育的好处和优势。
1．
段落大意题。根据文章第二段“Schls and universities are the first places t get leads t knwledge.”可知，本段主要写学校和大学是获取知识的首要地方，上大学可以获得更多知识，让知识引领知识。选项B“它可以让你获得更多的知识”符合原文。故选B。
2．
词义猜测题。根据文中第四段“When there’s a recessin in the ecnmy (经济), thse wh attended cllege will be mre likely t find a new jb than thse wh nly finished high schl and have a limited skills set. ”可知，那些上过大学的要比那些只上到高中和有有限技能的人找到新工作的可能性更大。由此可推断应是经济下滑，难就业时，上过大学的人有就业优势。选项B drp“下降”与之相符。故选B。
3．
细节理解题。根据文章第五段“It means a gd educatin leads t excellent netwrking. Gd netwrking can benefit yu a lt in yur later life.”可知，良好的教育会引领你进入良好的人际关系网，良好的人际关系会让你在今后的生活中受益很多。选项D“你能认识出色的人”正确。故选D。
4．
主旨大意题。根据第一段“Here are sme reasns why yu shuld g t cllege and receive a gd educatin there.”以及文章后面介绍的内容可知，文章主要写上大学接受良好教育的原因，同时也说明了上了大学的优势。选项A“上大学的好处”符合主旨。故选A。
5．D
6．C
7．B
8．D
【解析】
【导语】
本文主要讲一项新的研究发现，使用钢笔或铅笔比使用键盘激活的大脑区域更多。
5．
段落大意题。根据“Audrey van der Meer, the study’s leader frm the Nrwegian University, believes that yung children shuld learn t write by hand successfully. This is because ...”可知第二段主要讲为什么书写对小孩子很重要。故选D。
6．
词义猜测题。根据“Keybarding als can be helpful fr students with certain special needs (such as if they have truble using their hands).”可知电子产品在现代教室中是很重要的，由此推出essential意为“重要的”。故选C。
7．
推理判断题。根据“Writing even activates language areas.”可知手写能够激活语言区，由此推出记笔记对语言学习有好处。故选B。
8．
观点态度题。根据“But nearly all students will benefit frm learning handwriting at an early age.”可知Van der Meer可能会同意“孩子们应该早点学会写字”这个观点。故选D。
9．A
10．A
11．C
12．C
【解析】
【导语】
本文是一篇说明文，介绍新的研究表明，人类活动正在改变地球上海洋的声音。科学家们说，海洋和其他水域声音的变化影响了许多海洋动物。
9．
细节理解题。根据“They use sunds t cmmunicate with each ther. Sunds als help sme cean animals find fd and avid their hunters. Sunds help fish and ther sea animals survive.”可知，声音可以用来互相交流，也可以帮助一些海洋动物找到食物和躲避它们的猎人，还帮助鱼和其他海洋动物生存。 没有提到遮挡外面的阳光，故选A。
10．
推理判断题。根据“When peple think f threats facing the cean, we ften think f climate change, plastics, and verfishing. But nise pllutin is anther necessary thing we need t be mnitring.”可知，当人们想到海洋面临的威胁时，我们通常会想到气候变化、塑料制品和过度捕捞，但噪音污染是另一个我们需要监控的必要因素。所以噪音对海洋动物的危害比人类意识到的要大，故选A。
11．
词句猜测题。分析“Sund pllutin may be easier t deal with than ther cean threats. Yu can reduce r turn ff sund immediately. It’s nt like plastics r climate change, which are much harder t und.”可知，声音污染可能比其他海洋威胁更容易处理，你可以立即减少或关闭声音，它不像塑料或气候变化，后者更难消除。此处“t und”的意思是“更难消除、取消效果”，故选C。
12．
最佳标题题。本文介绍新的研究表明，人类活动正在改变地球上海洋的声音。科学家们说，海洋和其他水域声音的变化影响了许多海洋动物。选项C“人类让海洋太喧闹了”符合主题，故选C。
13．B
14．C
15．C
16．A
【解析】
【导语】
本文是一篇议论文。文章对习语“n pains, n gains”提出质疑，并认为积极的话语和积极的行为会给人们带来积极的影响，从而产生良好的学习效果。
13．
推理判断题。根据“Just as children learn frm playing, we can learn frm ding, r at least frm study techniques that interest us, rather than make us switch ff.”可知，就像孩子们从玩耍中学习一样，我们也可以从实践中学习，或者至少从我们感兴趣的学习技巧中学习，而不是让我们停止学习。由此推知让我们感兴趣的方法可以导致有效的复习，故选B。
14．
推理判断题。根据“Wrking while sitting next t smene playing vide games is mst likely t end with a new high scre game rather than prductive revisin.”可知，坐在玩电子游戏的人旁边工作时，最有可能以一个新的高分游戏而不是富有成效的复习结束。所以作者不建议在游戏等令人分心的事情的陪伴下学习，故选C。
15．
推理判断题。根据“If being arund thers means wrking in a nisy envirnment, a pair f headphnes and sme backgrund music can blck ut nises. They als act as a psychlgical barrier, s that peple think twice befre interrupting yu.”可知，如果和其他人在一起意味着在嘈杂的环境中工作，一副耳机和一些背景音乐可以屏蔽噪音。 它们也起到了心理障碍的作用，所以人们在打断你之前会三思。所以在作者看来，如果你在一个嘈杂的环境中学习，你应该表现出不希望被打扰的迹象，故选C。
16．
主旨大意题。本文对习语“n pains, n gains”提出质疑，并认为积极的话语和积极的行为会给人们带来积极的影响，从而产生良好的学习效果。选项A“介绍一种有效的学习手段”符合主题，故选A。
17．B
18．C
19．B
20．C
【解析】
【导语】
本文是一篇说明文。每个人的学习方式各不相同，通过实例证明，研究适合你的方式就是最好的学习方式。
17．
细节理解题。根据“Kelly and Maria are best friends with a lt f identical wrking styles are s cmpletely different that they can’t be in the same rm while they are studying!”可知，两个朋友兴趣相投但是在学习上有不同的习惯，故选B。
18．
词句猜测题。分析“Kelly and Maria are best friends with a lt f identical interests. They lve ding things tgether, such as ging t mvies and cncerts, shpping, r just sitting at a small cafe.”可知，凯利和玛丽亚是好朋友，她们喜欢一起做事情，比如去看电影，听音乐会，购物，或者只是坐在一个小咖啡馆里。所以是有很多相同的爱好，此处identical的意思是“相同的”，故选C。
19．
最佳标题题。每个人的学习方式各不相同，通过实例证明，研究适合你的方式就是最好的学习方式。故文章的最佳标题应是“你在研究‘正确’的方法吗”。故选B。
20．
推理判断题。根据“the best way t study is the way that wrks fr yu. In their very different ways, bth f them d well in schl, and bth finish their wrk within the required time as well”可知，最好的学习方法就是适合自己的方法，方式不同，但是结果都很好。选项C“正确的学习习惯可以帮助学生在学习上取得进步”符合作者的观点，故选C。