高考英语单项选择虚拟语气专项练习(附解析）

这是一份高考英语单项选择虚拟语气专项练习(附解析），共12页。
1．Jane wishes that she ______ foreign trade instead of literature when she was in college.A．studied B．had studiedC．would study D．might have studied2．What a pity! You missed the sightseeing, or we ________ a good time together.A．had B．will have C．would have had D．had had3．The workers were not better organized, otherwise they ________ the task in half the time.A．accomplished B．had accomplishedC．would accomplish D．would have accomplished4．—It rained cats and dogs this morning. I’m glad we took an umbrella.—Yeah, we would have got wet all over if we ________ .A．didn’t B．hadn’tC．haven’t D．don’t5．【2018·北京】They might have found a better hotel if they _________ a few more kilometers.A．drove B．would driveC．were to drive D．had driven6．But for their help, we ________ the program in time.A．can not finished B．will not finishC．had not finished D．could not have finished7．If the new safety system _______ to use, the accident would never have happened.A．had been put B．were put C．should be put D．would be put8．It was John who broke the window. Why are you talking to me as if I      it?A．had done B．have done C．did D．am doing9．We __________back in the hotel now if you didn’t lose the map.A．are B．wereC．would be D．will be10．It is lucky we booked a room, or we________nowhere to stay now.A．had B．had hadC．would have D．would have had11．Jack is a great talker. It’s high time that he      something instead of just talking.A．will do B．has doneC．did D．do12．If Mr. Dewey­ _____ present, he would have offered any possible assistance to the people there.A．were B．had been C．should be D．was13．People are recycling many things which they ________ away in the past.A．had thrown B．will be throwingC．were throwing D．would have thrown14．We would have called a taxi yesterday if Harold __________us a ride home.A．didn’t offer B．wouldn’t offerC．hasn’t offered D．hadn’t offered15．Sorry, I am too busy now. If I _____ time, I would certainly go for an outing with you.A．have had B．had had C．have D．had16． We _______ the difficulty together, but why didn’t you tell me?A．should face B．might faceC．could have faced D．may have faced17．Teachers suggest that parents_______ their children under 12 to ride bicycles to school for safety.A．not allow B．do not allowC．mustn’t allow D．couldn’t allow18．This printer is of good quality．If it _______ break down within the first year, we would repair it at our expense．A．would B．should C．could D．might19．（2016 •天津）I was wearing a seatbelt. If I hadn’t been wearing one, I_________.A．were injured B．would be injuredC．had been injured D．would have been injured20．（2016·江苏卷·单项填空）If it_________ for his invitation the other day, I should not be here now.A．had not been B．should not beC．were not to be D．should not have been21．(2016 ·浙江)Had the governments and scientists not worked together, AIDS-related deaths ________ since their highest in 2005.A．had not fallen B．would not fallC．did not fall D．would not have fallen22． It might have saved me some trouble ______ the schedule.A．did I know B．have I knownC．do I know D．had I known23．We would rather our daughter ________ at home with us, but it is her choice, and she is not a child any longer.A．would stay B．has stayedC．stayed D．stay24．They were abroad during the months when we were carrying out the investigation, or they __________to our help.A．would have come B．could comeC．have come D．had come25．We_______last night, but we went to the concert instead. A must have studied          B might study C should have studied          D would study参考答案：1．B【解析】【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：Jane真希望她在大学时学的是外贸而不是文学。wish后接宾语从句，从句用虚拟语气，若表示与过去相反的愿望，从句谓语用过去完成时或would / could+have +过去分词。由“when she was in college”可知，本句表与过去事实相反的假设，所以从句为过去完成时。故选B项。【点睛】动词wish后接宾语从句时，从句谓语要用虚拟语气。若要表示与现在事实相反的愿望，从句谓语用一般过去时或过去进行时；若表示与过去相反的愿望，从句谓语用过去完成时或would / could+have +过去分词；若表示将来没有把握或不太可能实现的愿望，用would (could)＋动词原形。分析句子可知，由“when she was in college”可知，本句表与过去事实相反的假设，所以从句为过去完成时。2．C【解析】【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：真遗憾！你错过了这次观光，否则，我们本应该在一起度过一段愉快时光的。根据上文可知，是对过去事情的虚拟，是与过去事实相反的假设。其句子结构为：从句：If+主语+过去完成时+其他，主句：主语+should(would, could, might)+现在完成时+其他，故选C。3．D【解析】【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：工人们没有被更好的组织起来，否则他们用一半的时间就能完成任务。根据上句the workers were not better organized可知，这是对过去事情的虚拟。表示与过去事实相反的假设，其句子结构为：从句：If+主语+过去完成时+其他，主句：主语+should(would, could, might)+现在完成时+其他，故选D。4．B【解析】【详解】考查虚拟语气及省略。句意：—今天早晨雨下得很大。很高兴我们带了雨伞。—是的，如果我们没有带伞，全身都会湿透的。分析句子可知，表示对过去发生的事情的虚拟，if从句里要使用过去完成时“had done”，主句部分使用“情态动词+have done”，B项承前省略了taken an umbrella。故选B项。【点睛】虚拟语气用在条件状语从句中，通常从句由连词if引导。1. 与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句构成：条件状语从句主句If +主语+动词过去式主语+ would, should, could, might+原形动词(be的过去式用were) 例如：If I feared death, I wouldn't be a communist.（刘胡兰）怕死就不做共产党员。If there were no air, we couldn't live. 如果没有空气，我们就不能生活。2. 与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句构成：条件状语从句主句If + 主语 + had done主语 + would, should, could, might + have + 过去分词  例如：If you had come a few minutes earlier, you would have met him.如果你早来几分钟，你就会碰上他。If there had been no air in the tube, the result of the experiment would have been more accurate.如果试管中没有空气，实验结果就会更精确。3. 与将来事实相反的虚拟条件句构成：条件状语从句主句If + 主语+ should +原形动词主语+would, should, could, might或were+不定式动词 例如：If he were to come tomorrow, things would be easier.假如他明天会来，事情就容易办了。If the sand should be broken up, it would give out much energy.如果沙子能被分解，它会释放出大量的能量。注：在表示与将来事实相反的虚拟条件句中，从句中的should有时可以省略。如：If he make the design, he might do it in some other way.要是他来搞这个设计，他可能用另外的方法设计。5．D【解析】【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果他们多开几公里的话，他们也许会找到一个更好的旅馆。由“they might have found a better hotel”可知，该句是表示对过去的虚拟。if ____ a few more kilometers是条件句部分，表示对过去的虚拟，条件句部分要用过去完成时态，故D选项正确。点睛：1. 表示对现在的虚拟：if条件句用一般过去时，主句用would/might/could/should+do；2. 表示对过去的虚拟：if条件句用过去完成时，主句用would/might/could/should+have done；3. 表示对将来的虚拟：if条件句用were to do/should do/一般过去时，主句用would/might/could/should+do。6．D【解析】【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：要不是他们的帮助，我们不可能及时完成计划。but for“要不是......”，相当于if虚拟条件句，与过去事实相反，主句用would/should/could have done。故选D。7．A【解析】【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果使用了新的安全系统，事故就不会发生了。由后面的“would never have happened”可知，句子是对过去情况的虚拟，因此if从句中用过去完成时，即had done，system是被使用，因此空格处是过去完成时的被动语态，即had been done，故选A。8．A【解析】【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：John打坏了窗户，为什么跟“我”谈话？好像是“我”打坏了窗户似的。题中broke表明“打坏窗户”发生在“过去”。as if / though后面的从句用had done表示对“过去”的虚拟。故A项正确。9．C【解析】【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果你没弄丢地图我们现在就回酒店了。由句意，“if you didn’t lose the map”和now可知，句子是虚拟句，且是对现在的虚拟，主句用“情态动词would/could/might/should+动词原形”，句子表示“如果你没弄丢地图我们现在就会回酒店了”，因此情态动词是would，表示“会”，因此空格处是would be，故选C。10．C【解析】【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：我们很幸运地订到了一个房间，否则的话，我们现在就会无处可去了。根据句意及句子结构可知，此句是or引导含蓄虚拟条件句。根据now可知，此句是对现在进行虚拟，因此用would+动词原形，故选C。【名师点睛】本题考查含蓄虚拟语气和错综时间虚拟语气。比较常见的是if引导的虚拟条件句，由otherwise, or, without等引出的相反的情况被称为“含蓄虚拟语气”。or引出相反的情况，对过去虚拟，主句用would+have done，但是主句中有“now”，表示与现在相反，因此用would+动词原形。【点睛】11．C【解析】【详解】考查虚拟语气和时态。句意：杰克是个空谈家，这是做些事而不是空谈的时候了。It’s (high) time that从句中用should do或动词一般过去时，表示虚拟语气，意思是：该做……了。可知此题应为过去式did，故C正确。12．B【解析】【详解】考查虚拟语气用法。句意：如果Dewey先生在场的话，他会提供那里人们的任何可能的帮助。本题考查的是if条件从句与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，故从句用had + v-ed，主句用would / could/ should / might + v-ed。故B正确。   【点睛】1. 表示与现在事实相反或不可能发生：条件状语从句：一般过去时（虚拟语气中be→were）主句用：would(should, could, might)+动词原形。If we had time now, we would read it again.If I were you, I would work hard.2. 表示与过去事实相反或不可能发生：条件状语从句：had+过去分词；主句：would(should, could, might)+have+过去分词。If I had known your telephone number then, I would have called you.3. 表示与将来的事实可能相反或不可能发生：条件状语从句：①一般过去时②should +动词原形③were to+动词原形；主句：would(should, could, might)+动词原形。If it should rain, the crops would be saved.13．D【解析】【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：人们现在正在回收过去会扔掉的东西。这句话的which引导的是定语从句，是一个隐含的虚拟语气，因为in the past相当于If they had been in the past,所以句子用虚拟语气，和过去相反用would have done。故选D。【知识拓展】考点：考查含蓄虚拟语气所谓含蓄条件句就是利用语境不直接说出条件的句子。这种句子可以分为两类：一种是广义的含蓄条件句，另一种是狭义的含蓄条件句。1. 广义含蓄指的是不用连词 if 或 unless 介绍条件，而是改用其他方式。实上这些表达方式也是同样是条件状语。（1）用介词引入条件： * but for（如不是, 如没有）：注意，凡是出现这个复合介词的句子，必须要用虚拟语气， * without/with (在不具备/具备…的条件下), * under （在…条件下）（2）分词短语充当条件（分词短语本身就具有充当条件状语的功能），（3）表示不具备条件的连词连词：but,but that,or或otherwise，2. 狭义含蓄指的是不用任何语言方式显示条件，而是把条件隐藏在具体的原环境中，（1）用上下文暗示条件，（2）用委婉语气暗示条件，（3）用表示愿望的语气暗示条件。【名师点睛】本题考查的是含蓄虚拟语气从句。考生要善于分析句意，首先要根据句意和句子结构判断是真实条件句还是虚拟条件句,如果符合虚拟的结构,就可以根据句子中的语意和时间判断应该用哪种虚拟语气。结尾的in the past暗示了是对过去的虚拟，所以要用would+ have done形式。14．D【解析】【详解】考查虚拟语气的条件句。句意：昨天如果Harold不主动开车送我们回家的话，我们就要打车了。根据句意及would have called可知，表明是对过去的虚拟，所以条件句需要用过去完成时（had done）。根据句意，条件句用否定形式，故选D项。15．D【解析】【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：对不起，我很忙。要是我有空的话，我肯定会和你一起去郊游。由“I am too busy now”可知，“我有空”只能是对现在的一种假设，所以此处为虚拟语气。对现在的假设时态应用一般过去时，因此空格处用过去式had，故选D。16．C【解析】【详解】考查情态动词词义辨析。句意：我们本可以一起面对困难的，但是你为什么没有告诉我？根据句意可知，这是对过去事实相反的虚拟语气，故使用“could+have done”；could have done意为本可以做某事但是实际上却未做。“could have faced”本可以一起面对，符合题意。故选C。17．A【解析】【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：老师建议家长为了安全起见，不要让12岁以下的孩子骑自行车上学。suggest意为“建议”，后面的宾语从句使用虚拟语气，谓语动词使用 (should)+动词原形，should可以省略。故选A。18．B【解析】【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：这台打印机质量很好。如果在一年内发生故障，我们将自费修理。分析句子可知，本句为if的条件状语从句，且与将来事实相反的假设，所以从句形式为were to do、动词过去时或should 动词原形。故选B。19．D【解析】【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：我当时系着安全带。如果我没有系安全带，我就会受伤了。使用虚拟语气，根据if条件句用的had done可知，主句用would have done表示对过去情况的虚拟，而且I和injure是被动关系。故选D。20．A【解析】【分析】【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果不是因为前几天他的邀请，我现在就不会在这里了。根据下文“我现在不应该在这里”可判断，考查错综时间虚拟条件句，根据从句中的the other day可知，从句表示与过去相反的虚拟语气，使用过去完成时，故A项正确。【点睛】有时条件从句和主句所表示的动作在时间上可以不一致（例如一个与过去事实相反，另一个与现在事实相反），这种虚拟条件句就称为错综时间虚拟条件句。在这种条件句中，动词的形式要根据具体情况进行调整。如：                                                                                                                                1.She would never have behaved like that if she had some common sense.如果她有一些常识的话，她就决不会那样做了。                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           2.If I had a bike (now), I would have lent it to you yesterday.假如我有自行车，昨天就借给你了。21．D【解析】【分析】【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果政府和科学家不共同努力，与艾滋病相关的死亡就不会从2005年的最高点下降。根据句意可知，使用虚拟语气表示与过去相反的事实，if条件句用had done，省略if，将had提前，主句用would have done表示对过去情况的虚拟，故选D。22．D【解析】【分析】【详解】考查虚拟倒装句。句意：如果我早知道日程安排，可能会省去我一些麻烦。根据题干中might have saved可知主句是对过去的虚拟，从句应用if I had known与主句保持一致。if虚拟条件句中含有had时，可将if省去，同时将had提前构成倒装结构。故选D项。【点睛】虚拟语气重要做题原则：根据题干中主句或从句中动词形式判断所考查的动词的虚拟时间, 一般要保持一致，但要注意错综时间虚拟语气要根据各自所表示的虚拟时间做出调整。另外，当 if 条件句中含有助动词 had，should 或 were 时, 可以省略 if，而将 had, should 或 were提到句首，从而构成倒装虚拟条件句。23．C【解析】【分析】【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意:我们宁愿女儿和我们呆在家里，但这是她的选择，她已经不再是个孩子了。would rather do sth 宁愿做某事，would rather 后跟从句时使用虚拟语气，根据but后的is可知，是对现在的虚拟，因此用一般过去式。故选C。24．A【解析】【详解】试题分析：本句考查的是一个含蓄的虚拟条件句，句中的or相当于if they had not gone abroad.因为前面句中使用的是were，说明这个虚拟语气是与过去事实相反，所以主句中使用的是“情态动词+have done”的形式。句意：当我们在做调查的那几个月里，他们一直在国外，否则的话他们早就来帮助我们了。故A正确。25．C【解析】【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：我们昨晚本应该学习的，但我们去了音乐会。根据句型分析和句意可知，这里考查对过去事实相反的虚拟语气，主句应用should/would/could have done 结构形式。故选C项。