2022（新高考）高三上学期第一次月考备考A卷英语含解析

这是一份2022（新高考）高三上学期第一次月考备考A卷英语含解析
（新高考）此卷只装订不密封班级 姓名 准考证号 考场号 座位号 此卷只装订不密封班级 姓名 准考证号 考场号 座位号 2021-2022学年上学期高三第一次月考备考金卷英 语 （A）注意事项：1．答题前，先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在试题卷和答题卡上，并将准考证号条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。2．选择题的作答：每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。3．非选择题的作答：用签字笔直接答在答题卡上对应的答题区域内。写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。4．考试结束后，请将本试题卷和答题卡一并上交。第Ⅰ卷（选择题）第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共 5 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 7.5 分）1. Where are the two speakers?A. In a plane.B. At the airport.C. At the railway station.2. How many chairs are needed?A. 13. B. 14. C. 15.3. Where is the man now?A. In Washington.B. In New York. C. In Boston.4. Where does this dialogue most probably take place?A. In a concert.B. In a museum.C. In a restaurant.5. What does the man mean?A. He doesn't like Japanese food. B. He doesn't want to eat out. C. He wants to pay.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听第 6 段材料，回答第 6-8 题。6. Where did the man find his school bag?A. Under a tree.B. In the language lab.C. In a park.7. What is the price of the bag?A. $69.50. B. $69.15. C. $59.60.8. How long will the woman have to wait to get the next weather report?A. 30 minutes. B. 20 minutes. C. 10 minutes.听第 7 段材料，回答第 9-11 题。9. Where is the bank?A. Beside the supermarket.B. Opposite the supermarket.C. Next to the bookstore.10. How far is the bank?A. Two blocks away.B. Three blocks away.C. Four blocks away.11. Which does the man choose to take?A. Bus No.104.B. Street car B-102.C. Street car B-201.听第 8 段材料，回答第 12-14 题。12. Where is the man’s mother now?A. In the hospital.B. At home.C. In the office13. Why does the man ask a week off?A. Because he has to see a doctor. B. Because he needs to look after his mother.C. Because he hasn’t hired anyone to help him yet.14. Why does the woman admire the man?A. Because he is a good son.B. Because he is helpful.C. Because he is a successful man.听第9段材料，回答第15-17题。15. Why does Steve keep empty cans?A. His mother collects them as a hobby.B. He wants to use them again.C. He wants to sell them to the dustman.16. What is NOT mentioned as reusable (可再度使用的) in this dialogue?A. Glass. B. Paper. C. Metal.17. What does the government do to avoid waste?A. The government limits the use of plastic.B. The government produces a lot of bamboo chopsticks.C. The government encourages the use of paperfor fast food boxes.听第10段材料，回答第 18-20 题。18. Why did the man decide to leave the college, in his second term?A. He didn't like the big lecture classes.B. He couldn't afford further education.C. He was not interested in education.19. What does he think of his work experiences?A. They were personally rewarding.B. They should be part of school life.C. They gave him a chance to learn German.20. Where is the university he decides to go to in the end?A. In South Carolina.B. In Florida. C. In Ohio.【答案】1-5 BBACC 6-10 AABBC 11-15 CABAC 16-20 BCAAC第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。ANobody says school is easy. Studying is difficult, as is memorizing information for a test. Fortunately, there are books that can help you to make dealing with school easier.Unlimited Memory by Kevin HorsleyThis book is a bestseller in memory improvement. It has strategies to help learn faster and become more productive. Of course, having a good memory comes in handy outside of the classroom as well. Really, this is a great book for life in general.On Course by Skip DowningIt is another book worth reading. In its eighth edition, the book provides self-assessment tools to help identify what is needed to change for academic success. It contains guided journal entries to help readers with responsibility, self-management, self-awareness, learning and self-esteem.Student’s Guide to Writing College Papers by Kate L. TurabianMany students reach college and find that essay writing in college is very different from that in high school. Whether this is the case or not, Student’s Guide to Writing College Papers is a perfect choice for those who want to improve writing skills. It’s available on Kindle or in hardback or paperback forms. Right now, this one is its fourth edition. The book covers writing actual paper, citing sources, and style.How to Become a Straight-A Student by Cal NewportThe book came out in 2006. It enjoys great popularity among learners all over the world. The book deals with different approaches and strategies to help achieve good academic performance but spend less time on studying, with a focus on studying smarter, not harder. It’s available on Kindle and in audio book and paperback forms.21. What do you know about Unlimited Memory?A. It is practical in daily life.B. It is popular and sells best.C. It helps to produce more works.D. It is written by Kate L.Turabian.22. What do the last two books have in common?A. They have various forms.B. They are world-famous books.C. They were published 15 years ago.D. They mainly focus on improving writing skills.23. Who are the intended readers?A. Parents. B. Children.C. Teachers. D. Students.【答案】21. A 22. A 23. D【解析】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了四本有助于学生学习书籍。21．细节理解题。根据Unlimited Memory by Kevin Horsley中“Really, this is a great book for life in general.( 说真的，这是一本对生活很重要的书)”可知，Unlimited Memory是日常生活中一本很实用的书。故选A。22．细节理解题。根据Student’s Guide to Writing College Papers by Kate L. Turabian中“It’s available on Kindle or in hardback or paperback forms. Right now, this one is its fourth edition. (这本书可以在Kindle上找到，也可以以精装本或平装本的形式找到。现在，这本书已经是第四版了)”和How to Become a Straight-A Student by Cal Newport中“It’s available on Kindle and in audio book and paperback forms.( 它可以在Kindle、有声读物和平装本上找到)”可知，最后两本书的共同之处是它们有多种形式。故选A。23．推理判断题。根据第一段“Nobody says school is easy. Studying is difficult, as is memorizing information for a test. Fortunately, there are books that can help you to make dealing with school easier.( 没人说上学容易。学习是困难的，为考试而记忆信息也是困难的。幸运的是，有一些书可以帮助你更容易地应对学校学习生活)”可知，上学不易，因为有些信息很难记忆，由此可知，作者写这篇文章主要是给学习有困难的学生推荐基本实用的书籍。故选D。BIn 1939, seven-year-old Miriam Schreiber should have started first grade. Instead, she spent that year — and the following five — trying to survive. She was living in Poland when World War II broke out. “My entire life was ruined within minutes,” she says. “I was looking forward to starting school.” She never made it. And not having a degree has always been a thorn in her side.Decades later, though, the now-89-year-old Holocaust survivor finally got something she had always longed for. Kapiloff Brander, director of community programs at Jewish Family Services, reached out to the New England Jewish Academy, a Jewish high school, to ask whether the school could help Mariam fulfill her wish. Richard Nabel, the principal of the school, brought a few senior students to Miriam’s home to hear her story before they came up with the idea of presenting her an honorary diploma at the school’s 2020 graduation ceremony.Miriam suffered a lot in a slave labor camp in Siberia before she got liberated in 1946. She and her remaining family members went to a refugee camp in Germany, where she got married and had her first child at the age of 16. Having spent years in refugee camps in different countries, she finally immigrated to America in 1960. Getting a formal education was never an option for her but she learned seven languages over the years. “I educated myself,” she says. “I read books day and night. I still do.”On August 16, during a socially distanced ceremony in the school gym, Miriam was presented with a high school diploma from the New England Jewish Academy. “There weren’t too many dry eyes among the 30 of us there,” says Nabel. Miriam’s family was especially moved. “I’m not sure she even realizes the importance of that moment to me,” says Bernie, her eldest son. “I am so proud of her.”24. What can be learned about Mariam from paragraph 1?A. She regretted not being educated at school.B. She started first grade at the age of seven.C. She felt lucky to have survived World War II.D. She spent five years in Poland during the war.25. How did Mariam get her long-cherished wish fulfilled?A. She made it through her own efforts.B. She turned to Kapiloff Brander for help.C. The senior students themselves presented a diploma to her.D. Richard Nabel learned about her story and decided to help.26. Which of the following best describes Mariam?A. Educated. B. Intelligent.C. Determined. D. Patient.27. What did Nabel mean by saying “There weren’t too many dry eyes”?A. Mariam’s story was ordinary but inspiring.B. Most of those present were deeply touched.C. He was impressed by Mariam and was proud of her.D. He felt honored to present Mariam with a diploma.【答案】24. A 25. D 26. C 27. B【解析】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了89岁的二战大屠杀幸存者Miriam的求学故事。战争的爆发使得她失去了上学的机会，战争时期的苦难没有打倒她，她一直坚持自学，读书，她的故事感动了新英格兰犹太学院和学生，授予了她荣誉文凭，帮她完成了夙愿。24．细节理解题。根据文章第一段内容“‘I was looking forward to starting school.’ She never made it. And not having a degree has always been a thorn in her side.(“我很期待开学。”她没能成功。没有学位一直是她心中的刺。)”可知，她一直期待去上学，但是却因为战争没能上学，这是令她感到遗憾的。故选A项。25．细节理解题。根据文章第二段内容“Richard Nabel, the principal of the school, brought a few senior students to Miriam’s home to hear her story before they came up with the idea of presenting her an honorary diploma at the school’s 2020 graduation ceremony. (该校校长Richard Nabel带了几名高年级学生去Miriam家听她的故事，然后他们想出了在学校2020年毕业典礼上授予她荣誉文凭的主意。)”可知，校长了解了Miriam的故事后，决定给与她荣誉文凭，完成她的梦想。故选D项。26．推理判断题。根据文章第三段内容“Getting a formal education was never an option for her but she learned seven languages over the years. ‘I educated myself,’ she says. ‘I read books day and night. I still do.’(接受正规教育从来都不是她的选择，但多年来她学会了7种语言。“我自学了，”她说。“我日夜读书。 我现在仍然这样。”)”可知，虽然不能接受正规教育，但Miriam仍然坚持学习，读书，由此可推知，她是一个有决心的人。故选C项。27．词义猜测题。根据前文“On August 16, during a socially distanced ceremony in the school gym, Miriam was presented with a high school diploma from the New England Jewish Academy.( 8月16日，在学校体育馆举行的一个社交疏远的仪式上，Miriam被授予了新英格兰犹太学院的高中文凭。)”可知，“eyes”应是指代参加了这个仪式的人，结合主人公Miriam的故事以及后文“Miriam’s family was especially moved.( Miriam的家人特别感动。)”可知，她能够得到文凭是令人感动的，因此可推知，句子“There weren’t too many dry eyes”应是表达“很多人都很感动”含义。故选B项。CIt’s possible that your phone’s face-unlock might finally be able to work while you’re wearing a mask. Researchers have found that facial recognition algorithms (算法) are getting better at recognizing faces in masks, according to data published on Tuesday by the National Institute for Standards and Technology (NIST). Using independent testing of more than 150 separate facial recognition algorithms, the new report suggests masks may not be as big a problem for facial recognition systems as initially thought.When NIST first examined masks’ effect on facial recognition in July 2020, it found that algorithms weren’t great at identifying faces with masks. “Face recognition can make errors, which can implicate people for crimes they haven’t committed,” writes the Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF). “It is particularly bad at recognizing African Americans and other ethnic minorities, women, and young people.” But the pandemic has given developers plenty of time to focus on the mask problem, and NIST’s data shows that facial recognition algorithms are getting better at working with masked faces. “After the pandemic, some developers have submitted algorithms which show significantly improved accuracy and are now among the most accurate in our test,” the report reads. NIST’s public ranking for facial recognition tests bears out this report. Eight different algorithms now hold false rates below 0.05 percent.Nevertheless, there remain a number of limitations to the study. NIST researchers did not employ actual images of masked faces. Instead, they applied masks digitally to ensure consistency across the sample. As a result, “We were not able to get a thorough simulation (模仿) of the endless variations in color, design, shape, texture, and ways masks can be worn,” the report states. The digital mask was a blue surgical mask covering the full width of the face, but testers noted that performance varied considerably depending on how high the mask was placed on the face.28. Recognizing masked faces with facial recognition systems used to be thought as _______.A. effective B. impossibleC. easy D. challenging29. What does the underlined phrase “bear out” in Paragraph 3 mean?A. Make. B. Prove.C. Deny. D. Oppose.30. What can be learned about the study?A. The way to wear masks may affect recognition accuracy.B. The design of a mask makes no difference to facial recognition.C. Facial recognition failure rates were quite low at the beginning.D. The researchers adopted real surgical masks to ensure the accuracy.31. Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?A. Limitations of Facial Recognition SoftwareB. The Challenge of Recognizing Masked FacesC. The improvement in Facial Recognition AlgorithmsD. Different Applications of Facial Recognition Technology【答案】28. D 29. B 30. A 31. C【解析】本文是一篇说明文。研究发现，面部识别算法在识别戴面具的面孔方面表现得越来越好。28．推理判断题。根据第一段“Using independent testing of more than 150 separate facial recognition algorithms, the new report suggests masks may not be as big a problem for facial recognition systems as initially thought.（通过对150多种不同的面部识别算法进行独立测试，这份新报告表明，面具对于面部识别系统来说可能不像最初想象的那样是个大问题。）”中的as big a problem for facial recognition systems as initially thought可知，使用面部识别系统识别蒙面面孔曾被认为是一种很有挑战性的（challenging）技术。故选D项。 29．词句猜测题。根据倒数第二段““After the pandemic, some developers have submitted algorithms which show significantly improved accuracy and are now among the most accurate in our test,” the report reads.（“大流行之后，一些开发人员已经提交了算法，这些算法显著提高了准确性，现在在我们的测试中是最准确的，”报告写道。）”以及“Eight different algorithms now hold false rates below 0.05 percent.（现在有八种不同的算法将错误率控制在0.05% 以下。）”可知，报告称算法提高了正确性，其中八种错误率在0.05%以下，进一步推出，该公共排名证实了这个报告。bear out意为“证实，证明”。故选B项。30．推理判断题。根据最后一段“The digital mask was a blue surgical mask covering the full width of the face, but testers noted that performance varied considerably depending on how high the mask was placed on the face.（数字口罩是一种覆盖整个脸部宽度的蓝色外科口罩，但测试人员注意到，性能差异很大，取决于口罩放在脸上的高度。）”中的depending on how high the mask was placed on the face可知，戴口罩的方式会影响识别的正确性。故选A项。31．主旨大意题。通读全文，特别是根据第一段“Researchers have found that facial recognition algorithms (算法) are getting better at recognizing faces in masks,（研究人员发现，面部识别算法(something something)在识别戴面具的面孔方面表现得越来越好。）”可知，文章主要关于人脸识别算法的改进在识别戴面具的面孔方面表现越来越好。C项“人脸识别算法的改进”符合题意，适合做标题。故选C项。DMany livestock farmers (牧场主) in the western world are becoming worried by a longer-term threat to their income from the growing popularity of vegetarian (素食的) diets. Here comes the question whether to eat meat or not. Before airing our view, we should consider seriously the three reasons that vegetarians give for refusing animal products.The easiest point to argue against is that eating meat is unhealthy. Nothing is healthier than a varied diet, including fiber, vegetable, fruit and meat. Although studies show that eating red and processed meat may raise the risk of some cancers, it is important not to overstate the effect. This week, for example, Cancer Research UK reported that eating an extra piece of bacon every day raised the risk of bowel cancer by 20 per cent. But that means just eight extra (largely curable) cases in every 10,000 people over six years.Our treatment of farm animals is an issue that vegetarians find more troubling. A common view is that raising animals in a small area cause unacceptable suffering. In this regard, agricultural authorities should take up the responsibility to enforce welfare standards that give each animal enough space to stand and move around comfortably. Also, consumers have an important role to play in improving conditions for farm animals. For example, the dislike of “battery hens”led to an EU ban in 2012 on keeping chickens in barren cages.The environmental impact of livestock farming is its greatest problem in a century. The UN Food and Agriculture Organization estimates that farmed animals account for 14.5% of greenhouse gas emission. Although changes in grazing（放牧）practices could substantially reduce the environmental impact of livestock farming, it will always use more resources than producing the same number of calories from plant crops. Meat production should focus on the world’s traditional grasslands, without taking up new land.32. Which of the following is NOT the reason against animal products given by vegetarians?A. It harms human health.B. It causes animal suffering.C. It damages the environment.D. It threatens the income of farmers.33. Why does the author mention the report from Cancer Research UK in paragraph 2?A. To prove that eating too much meat is unhealthy.B. To persuade people out of eating too much meat.C. To show that eating meat is not as unhealthy as vegetarians think.D. To present the fact that eating too much bacon may cause cancer.34. What’s the author’s attitude towards raising animals in a small area?A. Favorable. B. Negative.C. Indifferent. D. Unclear.35. What does paragraph 4 mainly talk about?A. The changes in feeding practices.B. The challenges that livestock farming faces.C. The negative effects of livestock farming on the environment.D. The measures to reduce the environmental impact of livestock farming.【答案】32. D 33. C 34. B 35. C【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章阐述了素食主义者拒绝动物产品的三个原因。32．细节理解题。根据第二段“The easiest point to argue against is that eating meat is unhealthy.（最容易反驳的观点是吃肉是不健康的。）”，第三段“Our treatment of farm animals is an issue that vegetarians find more troubling.（我们对待农场动物的方式是素食主义者认为更令人不安的一个问题。）”以及第四段“The environmental impact of livestock farming is its greatest problem in a century.（畜牧业对环境的影响是一个世纪以来最大的问题。）”可知，素食主义者拒绝肉食的原因不包括D项“它威胁到农民的收入”。故选D项。33．推理判断题。根据第二段“But that means just eight extra (largely curable) cases in every 10,000 people over six years.（但这意味着在未来六年内，每10000人中只有8例额外的病例，且大部分可治愈。）”可知，该段提出这个报告的目的是证明吃肉并不像素食者想象的那样不健康。故选C项。34．推理判断题。根据第三段“A common view is that raising animals in a small area cause unacceptable suffering. In this regard, agricultural authorities should take up the responsibility to enforce welfare standards that give each animal enough space to stand and move around comfortably.（一个普遍的观点是，在小范围内饲养动物会造成不可接受的痛苦。在这方面，农业当局应当承担责任，执行福利标准，使每头牲畜有足够的空间舒适地站立和移动。）”中的give each animal enough space to stand and move around comfortably可知，作者对小范围饲养动物持反对（negative）态度。故选B项。35．主旨大意题。根据第四段中心句“The environmental impact of livestock farming is its greatest problem in a century.（畜牧业对环境的影响是一个世纪以来最大的问题。）”可知，第四段主要讨论畜牧业对环境的不良影响。故选C项。第二节 （共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。 When you’re lost something, you’ll feel upset and fear that you will never find the lost object. Actually, if you think about it for a moment, you’ll find it soon.Take a long, deep breath.___36___Only when you regain your calm can you focus on finding the object again. Often when we’ve lost something, especially if it’s an important object like a set of keys or a passport, we get worried. These long deep breaths will help you to regain your calm.___37___Of course, this is unlikely to be the case with keys or other ID stuff. But it can easily be the case with books, magazines, DVDS, etc. If there is a chance that you have lent an object to someone else, then send a quick email or text message out to the likely people. However, make sure that the message doesn’t accuse (谴责) others of taking the object in question. ___38___Slow down.The more important the object is, the more we are likely to run around like a headless chicken with the mistaken idea that our rush will speed up finding the object. ___39___Slowing down will give you a chance to think back to the last time and place you saw the missing object. This may give you a clue (线索) or two as to where the object is.Get help from othersGetting the help of someone else anyone who knows what the object looks like will do fine.___40___Also, this gives an extra thought pattern to the search. In fact, It may be the best way to find lost objects fast.A. This won’t help you find the lost object but it helps you calm down.B. This doubles the number of people looking for the lost object.C. Has anyone tidied up recently?D. Have you lent the object out?E. You can even turn to those you don’t know at all.F. Make the message more along the lines that you’re worried because of this particular object.G. In fact, it’s almost always a case of more hurry, less speed.【答案】36. A 37. D 38. F 39. G 40. B【解析】这是一篇说明文。当你丢失了一些东西时你会感到心烦意乱，文章介绍了四个关于找东西的建议。36．根据小标题“Take a long, deep breath. (深呼吸)”和下文“Only when you regain your calm can you focus on finding the object again. (只有当你恢复平静时，你才能再次集中精力寻找目标)”可知，此处内容与讲述深呼吸有助于冷静下来有关，且选项A中的代词This指的是小标题Take a long, deep breath，因此选项A“This won’t help you find the lost object but it helps you calm down. (这不会帮助你找到丢失的东西，但可以帮助你冷静下来)”符合题意。故选A。37．此处是本段小标题，根据下文“If there is a chance that you have lent an object to someone else, then send a quick email or text message out to the likely people. (如果你有可能将物品借给了其他人，那么就向可能的人发送一封快速电子邮件或短信)”可知，此处内容与讲述有可能把东西借出去有关，选项D“Have you lent the object out? (你有把东西借出去吗?)”符合题意。故选D。38．根据上文“However, make sure that the message doesn’t accuse (谴责) others of taking the object in question. (但是，请确保邮件中没有指责其他人拿走了你的东西)”可知，此处内容与讲述信息内容的侧重点有关，选项F中的message 与上文的message一致 。故选F。39．根据上文“The more important the object is, the more we are likely to run around like a headless chicken with the mistaken idea that our rush will speed up finding the object (物品越重要，我们就越有可能像无头苍蝇一样东奔西跑，错误地认为匆忙会加快找到物品的速度)”和下文“Slowing down will give you a chance to think back to the last time and place you saw the missing object. (慢下来会让你有机会回想最后一次看到失踪物品的时间和地点)”可知，此处内容与加快速度找不到物品，会适得其反有关，选项G“In fact, it’s almost always a case of more hurry, less speed. (事实上，几乎总是越急越慢)”符合题意。故选G。40．根据上文“Getting the help of someone else anyone who knows what the object looks like will do fine. (寻求其他人的帮助，任何知道物品外观的人都可能帮上忙)”可知，此处内容与寻求他人帮助的好处有关，选项B“This doubles the number of people looking for the lost object. (这将使寻找失物的人数翻倍)”符合题意。故选B。第三部分 英语知识运用 （共两节，满分 30分） 第一节 完形填空（共 15 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 15 分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C 和 D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 When I was nine years old, I loved to go fishing with my dad. But the only thing that wasn’t very ____41____ about it was that he could catch many fish while I couldn’t. I usually got ____42____ and kept asking him why. He always answered, “Son, if you want to catch a fish, you have to think like a fish.” I remember being even more upset then because “I’m not a fish!” I didn’t know how to ____43____ the same thought. Besides, I ____44____, how could what I think influence what a fish does?As I got a little older I began to understand what my dad really ____45____. So I read some books on fish. And I even joined the local fishing club and started attending their meetings ____46____. I learned that a fish is a cold-blooded animal and therefore is very sensitive to water ____47____. That is why fish ____48____ shallow water to deep water because the former is warmer. Besides, water is usually warmer in direct sunlight than in the shade. Yet, fish don’t have any eyelids (眼皮)and the sun ____49____ their eyes. The more I understood fish, the more I became effective at finding and ____50____ them.When I grew up and entered the ____51____ circles, I remember hearing my first boss say, “We all need to think like ____52____.” But it didn’t completely ____53____. My dad never once said, “If you want to catch a fish you need to think like a fisherman.” Years later, with great efforts to provide long-term ____54____ to customers much older and richer than me, I came to realize what we all need is to think more like the group that we ____55____.41. A. content B. fun C. normal D. typical42. A. amazed B. confused C. curious D. upset43. A. share B. strike C. predict D. read44. A. added B. knew C. reasoned D. realized45. A. said B. experienced C. meant D. claimed46. A. locally B. finally C. regularly D. usually47. A. quality B. depth C. height D. temperature48. A. leave B. prefer C. adjust D. turn49. A. protects B. catches C. hurts D. reaches50. A. enjoying B. fishing C. studying D. catching51. A. business B. agriculture C. government D. administration52. A. customers B. salespeople C. fishermen D. bosses53. A. make sense B. make progress C. take effect D. take place54. A. business B. cooperation C. connections D. services55. A. meet B. target C. trust D. form【答案】41. B 42. D 43. A 44. C 45. C 46. C 47. D 48. B 49. C 50. D 51. A 52. B 53. A 54. D 55. B【解析】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了小时候父亲教作者钓鱼，告诉他像鱼一样思考才能钓到鱼，多年后进入商界的作者通过父亲的话并结合多年的实践认识到应该像客户一样思考。41．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但唯一无趣的是，他能钓到很多鱼，而我什么也钓不到。A. content满足的；B. fun有趣的；C. normal正常的；D. typical典型的。根据后文“he could catch many fish while I couldn’t. ”可知，因为父亲钓到鱼，作者钓不到，所以作者感到无趣。故选B。42．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我通常变得沮丧，不停地问他为什么。A. amazed吃惊的；B. confused困惑的；C. curious好奇的；D. upset沮丧的，不安的。联系前文可知作者钓不到鱼，所以心情很沮丧。故选D。43．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我不知道如何分享同样的想法。A. share分享；B. strike碰撞；C. predict预测；D. read阅读。根据前文“I’m not a fish!”可知，作者没法认为自己是一条鱼，所以不知道如何分享同样的想法，指“像鱼一样思考”。故选A。44．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我思忖着，我的想法怎么会影响鱼的行为呢？A. added补充说；B. knew知道；C. reasoned推论；D. realized意识到。根据空后的“how could what I think influence what a fish does?”可知，作者在想的想法怎么会影响鱼的行为呢？用reason一词突出了作者的不解，故选C。45．考查动词词义辨析。句意：随着年龄的增长，我开始明白我父亲的意思。A. said说；B. experienced经历，体验；C. meant意思是；D. claimed宣称。这里指的是父亲让他像鱼一样思考的意思。故选C。46．考查副词词义辨析。句意：我甚至加入了当地的钓鱼俱乐部，并开始定期参加他们的会议。A. locally在本地；B. finally最后；C. regularly定期地；D. usually通常地。根据前文“And I even joined the local fishing club”可知，因为作者加入了当地的钓鱼俱乐部，所以会定期地参加俱乐部会议。故选C。47．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我知道鱼是冷血动物，因此对水温非常敏感。A. quality质量；B. depth深度；C. height高度；D. temperature温度。根据前文“a fish is a cold-blooded animal”可知，因为鱼是冷血动物，所以对水温敏感。且下文“That is why fish 48 shallow water to deep water because the former is warmer.”谈到的也是水温问题。故选D。48．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这就是为什么鱼喜欢浅水而不是深水，因为前者更温暖。A. leave离开；B. prefer偏爱；C. adjust适应；D. turn转身。根据后文“because the former is warmer. ”可知，因为浅水区更温暖，所以鱼偏爱浅水区。故选B。49．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，鱼没有眼皮，阳光会伤害它们的眼睛。A. protects保护；B. catches抓住；C. hurts伤害；D. reaches到达。根据常识和前文“fish don’t have any eyelids (眼皮)”可知，因为鱼没有眼皮，所以阳光会伤害到它的眼睛。故选C。50．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我越了解鱼，我就越能准确地发现和捕捉它们。A. enjoying喜欢；B. fishing钓鱼；C. studying研究；D. catching抓住。根据前文“The more I understood fish, the more I became effective at finding”可知，作者对鱼越了解，越能发现并抓到鱼。且上文的“he could catch many fish”也是提示。故选D。51．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我长大进入商界时，我记得我的第一任老板说过：“我们都需要像销售人员一样思考。”A. business商业；B. agriculture农业；C. government政府；D. administration管理。 根据后文“customers much older and richer than me…”可知，作者的工作是服务客户，由此推知他进入了商界。故选A。52．考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. customers顾客；B. salespeople销售员；C. fishermen渔夫；D. bosses老板。根据后文“My dad never once said, “If you want to catch a fish you need to think like a fisherman.”可知，作者父亲从未说过，“如果你想钓到一条鱼，你需要像渔夫一样思考。”，因此此处用salespeople对应fisherman。故选B。53．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：但这并不完全有道理。A. make sense有道理；B. make progress取得进步；C. take effect见效；D. take place发生。根据空后的“My dad never once said. “If you want to catch a fish you need to think like a fisherman. ”可知，我父亲从未说过，“如果你想钓到一条鱼，你需要像渔夫一样思考。”，并结合下文作者通过实践最终认识到的道理可知，老板说的话根本行不通，应该向客户一样思考而不是像销售人员一样思考。故选A。54．考查名词词义辨析。句意：多年后，我努力为比我年长和富有得多的客户提供长期服务，我意识到我们都需要的是更像我们的目标群体思考。A. business生意；B. cooperation合作；C. connections连接；D. services服务。根据后文“to customers much older and richer than me”可知，此处指为比作者年长和富有得多的客户提供长期服务。故选D。 55．考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. meet遇见；B. target面向（某群体）；C. trust信任；D. form形成。由空前“think more like the group ”可知，此处指要像我们的目标群体去思考。故选B。第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）第三部分 英语知识运用第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。John Snow was a famous doctor in London, who was so expert ____56____ he attended Queen Victoria as her personal physician. But he was famous for defeating “King Cholera”. Cholera was a ____57____ (dead) disease and neither its cause nor its cure was understood. John Snow wanted to face the challenge and solve ____58____ problem. He suspected that people ____59____ (absorb) this disease into their bodies with their meals. So ____60____ another severe outbreak hit London, he began his enquiry. He found that many victims linked to the outbreak ____61____ (be) near the water pump, so he had the handle ____62____ (remove). Soon afterwards the disease slowed down. He drew the ____63____ (conclude) that the polluted water was ____64____ (blame). The water companies were instructed not to expose people ____65____ polluted water any more. Finally King Cholera was defeated.【答案】56. that 57. deadly 58. the 59. Absorbed 60. when/as 61. were 62. removed 63. conclusion 64. to blame 65. to【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了约翰·斯诺医生打败霍乱王的故事。56．考查状语从句的引导词。句意：约翰·斯诺是伦敦一位著名的医生，他医术如此精湛以至于他成为了维多利亚女王的私人医生。根据so expert 可知此处要用that，短语so…that…“如此…以至于…”，引导结果状语从句。故填that。57．考查形容词。句意：霍乱是一种致命的疾病，人们既不知道它的病因，也不知道如何治疗。根据名词disease可知此处要用形容词，作定语，deadly“致命的”。故填deadly。58．考查冠词。句意：约翰·斯诺想面对挑战，解决这个问题。名词problem指的是上文的Cholera，可知此处要用定冠词the，表示特指。故填the。59．考查时态。句意：他怀疑人们是在吃饭时把这种疾病吸收进体内的。分析句子可知，此处是that引导的宾语从句的谓语，根据主句谓语动词suspected以及此处描述过去的事情，可知此处时态也是一般过去时，要用动词的过去式absorbed。故填absorbed。60．考查状语从句的引导词。句意：因此，当伦敦再次发生严重疫情时，他开始了调查。结合句意和句子结构可知，此处为时间状语从句，表达“当”应用when/as。故填when/as。61．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：他发现许多与疾病爆发有关的受害者都在水泵附近，所以他把水泵的把手拿掉了。分析句子可知，此处是that引导的宾语从句的谓语，根据主句谓语动词found以及此处描述过去的事情，可知此处时态也是一般过去时，主语是many victims，可知此处谓语动词要用复数形式。故填were。62．考查过去分词。句意：他发现许多与疾病爆发有关的受害者都在水泵附近，所以他把水泵的把手拿掉了。分析可知，此处应用非谓语动词作宾补，逻辑主语handle与remove之间是被动关系，可知此处要用过去分词。短语have sth. done“让某事被做”。故填removed。63．考查名词。句意：他得出结论，受污染的水是罪魁祸首。根据定冠词the可知此处要用名词，此处特指后文的那个结论，故应用名词单数形式。故填conclusion。64．考查不定式的被动语态。句意：他得出结论，受污染的水是罪魁祸首。此处为固定表达be to blame“应该被责备”。故填to blame。65．考查介词。句意：自来水公司接到指示，不准人们再接触被污染的水。此处为固定短语expose …to…“暴露于，接触”。故填to。第四部分 写作 （共两节，满分40分） 第一节 应用文写作（满分15分）假如你叫李华，你的美国笔友Tom对中国中学生的暑假生活很感兴趣，来信询问相关情况。请根据以下信息给他回信，内容包括：1. 介绍中学生的暑假活动；2. 分享你一次难忘的暑假经历。注意:1. 词数80左右；2. 请在答题卡相应位置作答。【答案】Dear Tom,How is everything going? Learning that you are interested in Chinese summer vacation, I am delighted to share some information with you.For Chinese students, the summer vacation usually lasts for more than 1 month, during which time students’ activities can be various, ranging from academic improvement to hobby cultivation. Some may be occupied with after-school classes so as to enrich themselves mentally; some may take up more sports to keep physically fit; others may join their friends so that they could get entertained together.As for me, this summer vacation is the most unforgettable. Short though it was, I spent a fulfilling and rewarding one. The highlight was my voluntary experience in the nursing home, where I had a good chat with the elderly and listened to their life stories. By practicing the voluntary spirit, not only have I gained a better knowledge of the senior citizens but I also have done my bit for the society.Hopefully, my information can be of help. If you have any doubt, do feel free to ask me.YoursLi Hua【解析】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求假如你叫李华，你的美国笔友Tom对中国中学生的暑假生活很感兴趣，来信询问相关情况。请根据已给信息给他回信。1.词汇积累对……感兴趣：be interested in→acquire a taste for各种各样的：various→varied假期：vacation→holiday获得：gain→get2.句式拓展简单句变复合句原句：Hopefully, my information can be of help.拓展句：I hope that my information can be of help. [高分句型1] For Chinese students, the summer vacation usually lasts for more than 1 month, during which time students’ activities can be various, ranging from academic improvement to hobby cultivation. (运用了介词+关系代词引导的非限制性定语从句)[高分句型2] If you have any doubt, do feel free to ask me. (运用了if引导的条件状语从句)第二节 读后续写（满分25分）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。One Saturday morning, Jeremy woke up to a quiet house. Usually Mom was awake making breakfast and cleaning the kitchen, but not today. At the sound of his mom coughing, Jeremy knocked on her bedroom door and asked with great concern, “Mom, are you ok?” “Honey,” Mom said weakly. “I have a terrible cold. You can have cereal (燕麦) for breakfast and watch cartoons. I’m going to stay in bed.”Jeremy poured some cereal into a bowl and ate the pieces dry. Mom must feel very bad if she was staying in bed all day. How could Jeremy help? First, he wiped up the crumbs of cereal he left on the kitchen counter. He also put away the cereal box neatly, so the kitchen looked just as it did when he woke up. But what else could he do? Jeremy thought. Saturday was the day when mom did laundry. Jeremy loved to watch the clothes spinning in the machine. That should be fun! He ran to his room to get the laundry basket, inside which there was his mother’s favorite white dress, among other clothes and a pair of red socks.Jeremy opened the door to the washer and put the clothing inside. He had watched Mom do laundry lots of times, so he knew where to find the washing powder and how to pour it into the machine. Finally, he closed the door and pressed the big button that said “START.” Jeremy looked through the round glass window. Water was pouring in, and the machine was starting to spin, making his clothing tumble around. That was easy!Jeremy watched cartoons until he heard the washing machine beep. That meant the washing was done. Jeremy opened the door to take out the damp clothes. He took out a few at a time and moved them into the dryer. Everything seemed clean, and Jeremy felt proud. Then he pulled out a pink dress.注意:1. 续写词数应为150左右；2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。But he remembered there was no pink dress in the laundry basket._____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Holding the neatly folded pink dress, Jeremy nervously knocked at his mom’s bedroom door again._____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】One Possible Version:But he remembered there was no pink dress in the laundry basket. “Where did it come from?” Jeremy wondered, reaching into the washer to take out more clothes. Then much to his astonishment, he pulled out two T-shirts, both in light pink. Realizing there was something wrong, Jeremy stood frozen, his heart sinking. While racking his brain for reasons, he caught sight of the red socks, and it suddenly occurred to him that they must be to blame for the accident. With no means of handling the situation, Jeremy was in such a panic that he even thought of hiding the dress from his mom. “That isn’t a positive approach to the problem,” he reminded himself. Finally, he decided to dry and fold the laundry before telling his mom everything.Holding the neatly folded pink dress, Jeremy nervously knocked at his mom’s bedroom door again. After what seemed like ages, he came to the bedside, his head drooping. Sensing his son’s unease, his mother inquired with concern what was wrong. “Sorry mom, I shouldn’t have ruined your favorite dress.” Jeremy apologized. Stuttering out the mistake he had made, he was ready to get a good scolding for his wrongdoing. Realizing what’s going on, mom smiled understandingly at Jeremy, “Never mind, dear. I know you meant to help.” Then mom held the dress up before her and said in an approving tone, “You know what? I think it looks nice.” At this Jeremy beamed with relief, making a silent vow to be more careful in helping his mom out next time.【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述的是一个周六的早上，Jeremy发现妈妈生病了，决定帮妈妈分担家务，却在洗衣服时不小心把衣服混色了的故事。1.段落续写：①由第一段首句内容“但他记得洗衣篮里没有粉红色的连衣裙。”可知，第一段可描写Jeremy发现衣服变色并找到变色的原因。②由第二段首句内容“Jeremy拿着那件叠得整整齐齐的粉红色连衣裙，紧张地再次敲了敲妈妈的卧室门。”可知，第二段可描写Jeremy向妈妈承认错误的过程。2.续写线索：发现衣服变色——找到变色原因——决定向妈妈承认错误——获得原谅3.词汇激活行为类①.拿出，取出： take out/pull out②.发现，看见：see/notice/catch sight of ③.打算做某事：want to do/mean to do情绪类①.令人惊讶的：to his astonishment/to one's surprise②.积极的态度：positive approach/ positive attitude[高分句型1]While racking his brain for reasons, he caught sight of the red socks, and it suddenly occurred to him that they must be to blame for the accident.（运用了while引导的状语从句的省略；that引导的主语从句）[高分句型2]With no means of handling the situation, Jeremy was in such a panic that he even thought of hiding the dress from his mom.（运用了such...that...如此……以至于……引导结果状语从句）