2022长沙县九中高三上学期模拟测试（二）英语试题含答案

这是一份2022长沙县九中高三上学期模拟测试（二）英语试题含答案
高三英语模拟测试卷（二）Surprising Facts About At-Home DNA Tests If you send your DNA to two different companies to find out about your ancestry,you may end up with two different results.That's（1） ______ there's no certification（鉴定）required for DNA-testing companies.They may get the basic idea correct - （2） ______ you are a little less than half northern European,for example,but when they say you're 30 percent from here and 60 percent from there,it's a statistical guess based on their own database and method. Your results will be（3） ______ （ precise）if you're not a native.The more people from your ancestral region in a company's database,the more accurate your results will be. You can find out your risk of diseases such as cancer and Alzheimer's from an at-home DNA test kit,but a laboratory（4） ______ （ authorize）to do medical testing will give you much more conclusive results. The results of your genetic testing could affect your ability to get insurance.（5） ______ federal law prohibits health insurers from denying coverage based on genetic test results,the law does not apply to life,disability,and long-term-care insurance. Law-enforcement agencies are increasingly using family tree DNA databases to solve crimes,as was done in the arrest of a former police officer accused of being the Golden State Killer.California detectives took the DNA results from various crime scenes,（6） ______ （ look）for partial matches on a public genealogy database,and eventually found their man. The market is also exploding with companies（7） ______ （ claim）they can pinpoint the right product - for your skin or your waistline,for instance - based on a DNA test.But consider them entertainment（8） ______ real science,Greely says.A study found that diets based on genetic tests didn't help people lose weight. Still,DNA tests can answer questions you've had about yourself - and（9） ______ you didn't know to ask.For example,for（10） ______ additional cost,23 and Me will include your results on more than 25 individual traits,including if you are likely to be a morning person,whether your hatred of cilantro is genetic,and if your earwax is more likely to be dry or wet.Finding Comfort in War and Peace Over the past 15 years,Yiyun Li,a Chinese-American author,has read War and Peace at least a dozen times.Her hardback copy of Leo Tolstoy's 1，200-page saga bristles with colored notes,like some exotic lizard's spine.The novel is not just a masterclass in fiction,Ms.Li believes,but a cure for（1） ______ .At the most difficult times in her life,she says,she has turned to it again and again,reassured by its "（2） ______ " in the face of uncertainty. War and Peace - originally （3） ______ The Year 1805 - is widely considered the world's greatest novel.It is also among the most daunting（令人敬畏的），acknowledged Richard Pevear,one of its translators,"as（4） ______ as Russia itself." Its huge canvas（画布）encompasses（包含）not just Napoleon's wars against the Russian and Austro-Hungarian empires from 1805 to 1812，but a cast whose actions and emotions span the breath of human consciousness.As a literary critic has noted,Tolstoy is the supreme novelist of human conflicts.His epic（史诗）is a（n）（5） ______ examination of how people respond to the pressure of both wars and ordinary life. So large is Tolstoy's world,Ms.Li reckoned,that there could be no better companion for people （6） ______ in isolation.She thought of virtual book club to sustain readers through the lockdown.Participants around the globe would plough through this book together and share their thoughts on social media.It would be an anchor in （7） ______ times.To their amazement,when it began in mid-March 3，000 people on six continents signed up. Other book clubs have（8） ______ up to discuss great literature during the pandemic.But Tolstoy's novel reflects the atmosphere of life in quarantine better.Its（9） ______ structure,shifting between battlefields and the salons of Russian high society,mirrors the disorienting split in readers' own attention - between their own personal,stilled states and the calamity（灾祸）（10） ______ outside.When I re-entered the full-time workforce a few years ago after a decade of lonely self-employment,there was one thing I was looking forward to the most：the opportunity to have work friends once again.It wasn't until I entered the corporate world that I realized,for me at least,being friends with colleagues didn't emerge as a（n）（1） ______ at all.This is surprising when you consider the prevailing emphasis by scholars and trainers and managers on the importance of cultivating close （2） ______ relationships at work.So much research has explored the way in which collegial（同事的）ties can help overcome a range of workplace issues （3） ______ productivity and the quality of work output such as team-based conflict,jealousy,undermining anger,and more. Perhaps my expectations of lunches,water-cooler gossip and caring,deep-and-meaningful conversations were a（4） ______ of the last time I was in that kind of office environment.Whereas now,as I near the end of my fourth decade,I realize work can be fully functional and entirely fulfilling without （5） ______ to be best mates with the people sitting next to you. In an academic analysis just published in the profoundly-respected Journal of Management,researchers have looked at the concept of "indifferent relationships," a simple term that summarizes the fact that relationships at work can （6） ______ be non-interpersonal,inconsequential,unimportant and even,dare I say it,disposable or substitutable. Indifferent relationships are neither positive nor negative.The limited research conducted thus far indicates they're especially（7） ______ among those who value independence over cooperation,and harmony over confrontation.Indifference is also the（8） ______ option among those who are socially lazy.Maintaining relationships over the long term takes effort,which,for some of us,is much too （9） ______ . As noted above,indifferent relationships may not always be the most（10） ______ approach in resolving some of the issues that pop up at work.But there are nevertheless several apparently proven benefits.One of those is（11） ______ .Less time chatting and socializing means more time working and churning（产出）. The other is（12） ______ .As human beings,we're programmed to compare ourselves to each other in what is an anxiety - causing phenomenon.Apparently,we look down on acquaintances（泛泛之交）more so than friends.Since the former is very common among those （13） ______ to indifferent relationships,their predominance can promote individuals' sense of self-worth. Ego aside,a third advantage is that the emotional（14） ______ of indifferent relationships has been found to enhance critical evaluation,to strengthen one's focus on task resolution,and to gain greater access to valuable information.None of that might be as（15） ______ as after-work socializing but,hey,I'll take it anyway. A. burden B. priority C. obligation D. coincidence A. short-term B. contractual C. shallow D. interpersonal A. affecting B. enhancing C. measuring D. restoring A. cause B. credit C. consequence D. realization A. tending B. needing C. promising D. hesitating A. peculiarly B. interestingly C. reasonably D. decisively A. dominant B. rare C. constructive D. intense A. preferred B. compulsory C. available D. likely A. engaging B. casual C. demanding D. effortless A. traditional B. cautious C. flexible D. helpful A. image B. efficiency C. profit D. expansion A. self-respect B. self-improvement C. self-evaluation D. self-control A. resistant B. unique C. open D. essential A. feature B. neutrality C. reaction D. conflict A. exhausting B. meaningful C. fun D. popularDThere's no feeling quite like walking alongside the river. It's the last light in the valley,and the sound of rushing water drowned out all others.I walk the river's edge with my dog,Mosi,whose inability to hear over the waterfall makes him nervous.Despite his impressive size,he runs sheepishly at my feet.At first glance,we walk to fish,but actually we move at the urging of naturalists long since passed - of John Burroughs and of Loren Eiseley - and of my parents,Norman and Paula,who are still alive today but live far from this Kenya valley.Walk in the woods,their voices advise,along the banks of a river where,in the blue end of a day,you may find the rhythms that fascinate you.There,among the fish and the flowers and the forces that bind them,you might make peace with your worried mind. I began to venture into the highlands of central Kenya in 2013 with the hope that its rivers might throw their __________power upon me,smoothing my edges as they have,over time,polished the stones in their path.I've never been free of emotional stress,but my years of working as a photojournalist in some of Africa's most conflict-ridden environment left additional barbs（倒刺）in me.With time it became hard to distinguish between the conflicts that existed inside me and the ones that I witnessed through the lens.Gradually they became intertwined（交织在一起的），and I felt an expanding sense of tension and discomfort inside me. Fly-fishing seemed a cure of the pain of photographing people's suffering,as I'd done so often in recent years.I hadn't cast a fishing line since the age of 10 or so,when I used bait（鱼饵）to fish the Atlantic waters that surrounded the places I lived at a child,first along the coast of New Jersey and later in Massachusetts.My mother's friend at that time taught me the basics.He was a large,athletic man who'd been in the U.S.Army Special Forces,an experience that left him with his own scars.At dusk by the river,his hand resting comfortably on the rod（鱼竿），he seemed at ease. Between assignments I began to drive around.The slow-flowing river drifts through protected forests,where a network of paths,used by humans,elephants and lions,cuts through thick vegetation.I came to realize that the river had given me more than I'd asked - I regained the peace inside me,and it seemed that I'd gone back to my childhood when sand sharks and puffer fish made my heart beat with curiosity.Which of the following statements is true according to the first two paragraphs？ ______ A. The author came to the valley to fish as well as to make peace with his worried mind.B. The deafening sound of the waterfall made the author and his dog quite scared.C. The author's parents advised him to discover nature in the depths of the valley.D. The valley environment is said to have a healing power upon one's heart.Which of the following is the best word to fill in the blank in the 3rd paragraph？ ______ A. rushing B. shaking C. transforming D. encouragingWhich of the following statements is true about the author？ ______ A. His occupation as a cameraman added to his inner frustration.B. He got to make friends with his mother's friend because of fly-fishing.C. In his spare time,he often walked through the vegetation along the paths.D. Finally he was cured by his childhood experience with sand sharks and puffer fish.Which of the following best serves as the title for the passage？ ______ A. My Job in Photography Led Me to a Valley.B. A River Heals the Scar Left by a Camera.C. The Call of Naturalists Pushed Me to Explore.D. The Fishing Rod Links Nature With My Heart.EHudly wireless Price：＄ 349 Staying focused on the road while glancing at your smart-phone or sat nav for directions can be a distraction.That's why Hudly has created its transparent heads-up display to keep your journey information right in your sight-line.Paired wirelessly with your smart-phone,this 6.2-inch display allows you to view the road and its vibrant directions simultaneously.Also equipped with light sensors,this heads-up display will automatically adapt its visibility to suit your environment. Roav VIVA Price：＄ 130 Bring Alexa along for the ride with this plug-in speaker from Anker.Paired with your smart-phone,VIVA can make calls,stream music and provide audio navigation with simple voice commands.Plugged straight into your vehicle's power outlet,this travel-size companion comes equipped with two USB ports so you and your passengers can charge smart devices on the go. ZUS Smart Tire Safety Monitor Price：＄159.98 Keeping your tires at the correct pressure is of vital importance to not only staying safe on the roads,but to maintain low fuel consumption.With the ZUS smart safety monitors by Nonda,you receive real-time alerts if your tires are leaking air or in need of a refill.Taking only minutes to install,these high-tech dust caps simply screw on each tire and give you feedback on how each tire is performing,recording a detailed history of pressure changes over time. GOFAR Price：＄149 Open a window into your vehicle's health with GOFAR.By simply plugging the GUFAR adapter into your ear's computer,receive real-time information about any mechanical problems or performance information sent straight to your smart-phone.In the same way a Formula I driver monitors their fuel efficiency on the track,the GOFAR Ray keeps you up to date on how you consume fuel with the simple dashboard light array（排列）.If you're hitting the gas too hard,the GOFAR Ray will illuminate red to let you know you're wasting fuel and green when you're driving optimally（最佳地）. Automatic connected car assistant Price：from ＄99.99 If you want to get to know your car inside out,then the Automatic connected car assistant is the perfect addition to your vehicle.By simply plugging the compact diagnostic device into the vehicle,a whole host of information about your car is available at your fingertips.Using the Automatic app,this driving assistant can give detailed diagnostics about maintenance issues and performance alongside crash alerts,your vehicle's real-time location and roadside assistance. Jabra Freeway Price：＄ 99.99 If your car isn't Bluetooth connected,then Jabra Freeway is a great gadget to listen to high-quality sound and answer and make calls at the touch of a button or through voice activation.With three built-in speakers,Freeway offers impressive surround sound.However,if you prefer your vehicle's speakers,the built-in FM transmitter will connect your smart-phone straight to the car's internal sound system.Equipped with a motion sensor,Freeway will always sense when you get into the car and automatically connect to your smart-phone.Mary,a green-hand driver,wants to know the overall health of her second-hand car and to ensure road safety and timely help if anything happens.What's the best product for her？ ______ A. GOFAR B. Hudly wirelessC. Automatic connected car assistant D. Zus Smart Tire Safety MonitorWhat do Jabra Freeway and Roav VIVA have in common？ ______ A. Both are equipped with motion sensors and USB ports.B. Both can make calls,stream music and provide navigation.C. Both can be operated with voice activation and button touch.D. Both can be smart-phone connected and voice controlled.Which of the following devices can help you cut back on your spending in the long run？ ______ ①Hudley wireless ②Roav VIVA ③GOFAR ④Jabra Freeway ⑤Zus Smart Tire Safety Monitor ⑥Automated connected car assistantA. ②③ B. ③⑤ C. ④⑤ D. ⑤⑥FUnlike so-called basic emotions such as sadness,fear and anger,guilt emerges a little later,in line with a child's growing grasp of social and moral standards.Children aren't born knowing how to say "I'm sorry"；rather,they learn over time that such statements appease parents and friends - and their own consciences.This is why researchers generally regard so-called moral guilt,in the right amount,to be a good thing. In the popular imagination,of course,guilt still gets a bad reputation.It is deeply uncomfortable - it's the emotional equivalent of wearing a jacket stuffed with stones.Yet this understanding is outdated. "There has been a kind of revival or a rethinking about what role guilt can serve"，says Amrisha Vaish,a psychology researcher at the University of Virginia,adding that this revival is part of a larger recognition that emotions aren't binary - feelings that may be advantageous in one context may be harmful in another.Jealousy and anger,for example,may have evolved to alert us to important inequalities.Too much happiness can be destructive. And guilt,by prompting us to think more deeply about our own goodness,can encourage humans to make up for errors and fix relationships.Guilt,in other words,can help hold a cooperative species together.It is a kind of social glue. Viewed in this light,guilt is an opportunity.Work by Tina Malti,a psychology professor at the University of Toronto,suggests that guilt may compensate for an emotional deficiency.In a number of studies,Malti and others have shown that guilt and sympathy may represent different pathways to cooperation and sharing.Some kids who are low in sympathy may make up for that shortfall by experiencing more guilt,which can control their disgusting behaviors.And vice versa：high sympathy can substitute for low guilt. In a 2014 study,for example,Malti looked at 244 children.Using caregiver assessments and the children's self-observations,she rated each child's overall sympathy level and his or her tendency to feel negative emotions after moral wrongdoings.Then the kids were handed chocolate coins,and given a chance to share them with an anonymous child.For the low-sympathy kids,how much they shared appeared to turn on how likely they were to feel guilty.The ones more likely to feel guilty tended to share more,even though they hadn't magically become more sympathetic to the other children. "That's good news," Malti says. "We can be prosocial because we caused harm and we feel regret."The underlined word "appease" in the first paragraph is closest in meaning to " ______ ".A. content B. disappoint C. amuse D. distractThe writer mentions the comparison of guilt to " a jacket stuffed with stones" to show people's ______ .A. general impression of guilt being overestimatedB. incorrect idea about the nature and function of guiltC. out-of date belief of guilt being their primary burdenD. long-held prejudice against those who often feel guiltyWhat can be inferred from the chocolate coin experiment？ ______ A. It's necessary to ensure kids feel guilty about their wrongdoings.B. Regretful kids need to be given a chance to correct their behaviors.C. Feeling guilty has the power to make kids become more sympatheticD. The highest guilt could possibly be found in kids with the lowest sympathy.Which of the following is the best title for the passage？ ______ A. Guilt vs Sympathy B. Good News for Guilty PeopleC. Don't feel Guilty About Your Guilt D. What Lies Underneath Your GuiltAI In the Future Workplace Artificial Intelligence is making its way into business.As our special report this week explains,firms of all types are exploiting AI to forecast demand,hire workers and deal with customers.In 2017 companies spent around ＄22 billion on AI-related mergers and acquisitions,about 26 times more than in 2015.The McKinsey Global Institute,a think-tank within a consultancy,claims that just applying AI to marketing,sales and supply chains could create economic value,including profits and efficiencies,of ＄2.7 billion over the next 20 years. （1） ______ . Such forecasts fuel anxiety as well as hope.Start with the benefits.AI ought to improve productivity.Humanyze collects data from employees' calendars and e-mails to work out,say,whether office layouts favor teamwork. （2） ______ .Employees will gain,too.Thanks to the progress in computer vision.AI can check that workers are wearing safety equipment and that no one has been harmed on the factory floor.Some will appreciate more feedback on their work and welcome a sense of how to do better. Yet AI's benefits will come with many potential drawbacks.Algorithms（计算程序）may not be free of the prejudices of their programmers.（3） ______ .The length of a commute（通勤）may predict whether an employee will quit a job,but this focus may harm poorer applicants.Older staff might work more slowly than younger ones and could risk losing their positions if all AI looks for is efficiency. （ 4） ______ .If your skills are in demand,you are more likely to be able to resist than if you are easy to replace.Paid-by-the-hour workers in low-wage industries such as retailing will be especially subject to harm.That could fuel protest of labor unions seeking to represent employees' interests and to set regulations.Even then,the choice in some jobs will be between being replaced by a robot or being treated like one. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. FRead the following three passages.Summarize the main idea and the main point（s）of the passage in no more than 60 words.Use your own words as far as possible. American College of Physicians 'stepped out of its lane" by placing gun control in medical education.Stanley Gold-farb,formerly the associate dean of curriculum at the University of Pennsylvania's Perelman School of Medicine,argued that teaching social justice issues and population health comes "at the expense of strict training in medical science" at a time when sub-specialists are in short supply.But many physicians,ourselves included,think social issues should be at the heart of medical education. Formal medical school typically takes four years,followed by several years of residency（住院医生实习期）and often a fellowship（研究员职位），and during that short time students have a wide range of competing requirements.They must learn complex biological and chemical pathways that explain diseases and health.They must be educated on how to read the the scientific literature and apply it to their patients.They must master many therapies and know how to adapt them to patients' varied diseases states.On top of all this,they must learn to communicate effectively and compassionately with patients and colleagues. Being a good doctor also demands that we understand the reasons behind poor health.Our mission is not simply to diagnose,manage and treat.Physicians should act to prevent the root causes of illness and improve well-being.Physicians are trained to tackle problems at their root.System and structural-level social issues are also drivers of poor health,and it is our duty to address them.Medical training must evolve to produce doctors who are able to not only treat the individual but also understand the larger influencers of health -- of which gun violence is most emphatically one.As medical professors,we would fail our students -- and our patients - if we expected any less.网购有风险，下单需谨慎。（exist） ______ 究竟是什么毁了这些原本前途无量的年轻人？（otherwise） ______ 并非人人可以登上山顶，但是重在人人参与。（accessible） ______ 这家餐馆顾客至上，菜肴出众，人气攀升，值得学习。（where） ______ Directions：Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. "职业生涯规划（Career-planning Program）"是高中学生的补修课。做好未来职业的规划，才能更准地走好现在的每一步。你的理想职业是什么呢？请以你的"理想职业"为主题写一份面向全校师生的演讲稿，内容必须包括： •理想职业的工作内容； •选择这个职业的理由； •现在需要做哪些准备。答案和解析1.【答案】【小题1】because【小题2】that【小题3】less precise【小题4】authorized【小题5】While/Although/Though【小题6】looked【小题7】claiming【小题8】instead of/ rather than【小题9】ones【小题10】an2.【答案】（1）J.（2）K. （3）E. （4）C.（5）G. （6）A. （7）B（8）I. （9）D. （10）H. 3.【答案】18.【答案】22.【答案】25.【答案】29.【答案】33.【答案】Social issues are vital in medical education.（点明主题）Firstly,medical students must learn effective and compassionate communication with others.（学会与他人进行沟通）Besides,it is necessary for good doctors to know what's behind poor health and prevent it.【高分句型一】（知道健康状况不佳的原因并加以预防）Social issues cause poor health,so we need to handle hem.（社会问题导致健康状况不佳）Without such issues taken into account,medical education would be incomplete. 【高分句型二】（不考虑这些问题，医学教育就无法进行）34.【答案】Risks exist in online shopping,so we should be cautious/careful when placing orders.35.【答案】What was it that ruined those otherwise promising young men？36.【答案】The mountain peak is not accessible to everyone,but what's important is that everyone takes part.37.【答案】The restaurant,where the customers are given the top priority/treated with great respect and the dishes are wonderful/remarkable/outstanding,enjoys increasing popularity and is worth learning from.38.【答案】My ideal career  Now I'm telling you something about my ideal career in details. I made up my mind to be a journalist when I visited the Xinhua News Agency last year.【高分句型一】（理想职业） I chose it as my career for two reasons.First,the job can let me know new things every day,thus keeping us energetic and passionate all the time since I hate to follow the same routine every day.Second,working as a journalist can help me realize my childhood dream of being a hero of spreading love to others.【高分句型二】（理由） To achieve this goal,I plan to study hard to be admitted by Tianjin University,broadening my horizons to fit the job.   （准备）A.stranded B.unsettling C.vast D.alternating E.titled F.breakingG.unparalleled H.unfolding I.sprung J.distress K.solidityA.They can also have unintended consequences.B.Some people are better placed than others to stop employers going too far.C.These numbers are so impressive that we can't help feeling afraid of the power of AI.D.However,some small companies may not have enough money to be equipped with AI technology.E.Slack,a workplace messaging app,helps managers assess how quickly employees accomplish tasks.F.Google's boss has gone so far as to declare that AI will do more for humanity than fire or electricity.【小题1】B【小题2】D【小题3】A【小题4】C【小题5】B【小题6】C【小题7】A【小题8】A【小题9】C【小题10】D【小题11】B【小题12】A【小题13】C【小题14】B【小题15】C【小题1】D【小题2】C【小题3】A【小题4】B【小题1】C【小题2】D【小题3】B【小题1】A【小题2】B【小题3】D【小题4】C【小题1】F【小题2】E【小题3】A【小题4】B