2022省齐齐哈尔第二十四中学高二上学期第一次月考英语试题含答案

这是一份2022省齐齐哈尔第二十四中学高二上学期第一次月考英语试题含答案，共24页。
齐齐哈尔市第二十四中学2021-2022学年高二上学期第一次月考
英语学科试题
说明:本试卷分第I卷和第II卷两部分，满分150分, 考试时间120分钟。
第I卷
第一部分: 听力（共两节20小题，每小题1分，满分20分）
第二部分：阅读理解（共20小题，每题2分，满分40分）
第一节 (共15小题，每小题2分，满分30分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A,B,C和D)中，选出最佳选项。
A
Saturday，March 24th
We have arrived in the hot，wet city of Bangkok. This is our first trip to Thailand. All the different smells make us want to try the food. We are going to eat something special for dinner tonight. The hotel we are staying in is cheap，and very clean. We plan to stay here for a few days，visit some places in the city，and then travel to Chiang Mai in the North.
Tuesday，March 27th
Bangkok is wonderful and surprising. The places are interesting. We visited the famous market which was on the water，and saw a lot of fruits and vegetables. Everything is so colorful，and we have taken hundreds of photos already! Later today we will leave for Chiang Mai. We will take the train north，stay in Chiang Mai for two days，and then catch a bus to Chiang Rai.
Friday，March 30th
Our trip to Chiang Rai was long and boring. We visited a small village in the mountains. The village people here love the quiet life—no computers or phones. They are the kindest people I have ever met. They always smile and say “hello”．Kathy and I can only speak a few words of Thai，so smiling is the best way to show our kindness. I feel good here and hope to be able to come back next year.
21．Which of the following is TRUE?
A．Chiang Mai is a beautiful city in the south of Thailand.
B．The writer left Chiang Mai for Chiang Rai by bus.
C．The writer is traveling alone in Thailand.
D．The writer will take a bus to Chiang Mai.
22．The people in the village of Chiang Rai .
A．are friendly to others B．like speaking English
C．hope to live in the cities D．live a very busy life
23．What is the best title for the whole diary?
A．My First Travel B．The Outside World
C．Traveling in Thailand D．My Trip to Chiang Mai

B
A Virginia teen is doing his part to make sure frontline health care workers are getting the meals they need to help them take care of themselves and others.
Arul Nigam, 17, of Tyson's Corner, Va. , has had to make several adjustments since his school year ended abruptly in mid-March due to the coronavirus pandemic(新冠疫情）。“We didn't have any classes for like over a month and then after that there were a lot of technical difficulties. So I started to have a lot more free time,” he tells Yahoo Life. “It was really saddening, but it was also something that really surprised me, that our health care workers are facing something like that,” Nigam says. “So I wanted to see what I could do to help them because obviously, they're sacrificing so much and giving so much for all of us. ”
In late March, the teen started fundraising efforts with the help of friends and family to help these health care workers receive much-needed meals. He also began doing research about what hospitals had the most amount of coronavirus cases, so he could prioritize those places first. He was also arranging for the orders to be fulfilled at local family-owned restaurants impacted by shutdown orders. So far, Nigam has delivered over 1,000 meals to 22 hospitals in 13 states, including New York, Massachusetts and Maryland.
Nigam's efforts have not only helped health care workers, but restaurants as well. With quarantine restrictions taking a toll on the food industry, places like Best Coast Burrito in Oakland, Calif. , have lost business over the last few weeks. Best Coast's owner,Alvin Shen, tells Yahoo Life that being able to partner with Arul and others in efforts to feed those on the frontline has been a big help.
24．What would Nigam probably do according to his words?
A．Study at home by himself.
B．Spend the more free time playing.
C．Donate some money to health care workers.
D．Do something helpful for health care workers.
25．What is Nigam's priority when delivering food?
A．The urgency of meals.
B．The severity of the virus.
C．The number of doctors.
D．The position of hospitals.
26．What does the phrase “taking a toll on” in the last paragraph mean?
A．Turning a blind eye to.
B．Keeping an eye on.
C．Causing lots of damage to.
D．Answering completely for.
27．Where can you probably read this text?
A．Science fiction.
B．Fashion magazine.
C．Life magazine.
D．Entertainment newspaper.

C
Van Gogh painted sunflowers for the first time in the summer of 1886.Two years later, his interest appeared again after he settled in Arles. After he had invited the French artist Paul Gauguin, whom he admired, to join his Studio of the South, he began painting sunflowers to brighten up the whitewashed walls of the yellow house he was living in, not far from the town’s railway station.
Gauguin accepted Van Gogh’s invitation. When he began dragging his heels(脚后跟), Van Gogh painted the last two of the four original Sunflowers for the modest bedroom where his guest would sleep following his arrival that autumn, “Van Gogh saw the Sunflowers for Gauguin’s bedroom as a way of attracting his friend to come from Brittany, “says Bailey.
According to Martin Gayford, “Gauguin was very surprised by the Sunflowers, which he repeatedly praised and asked for as a gift. Years later, Gauguin himself painted some sunflower pictures.”
Van Gogh’s Sunflowers stand for (代表)his relationship with Gauguin. “I think he painted them for the joy of it,” says Jansen. “Van Gogh was at the height of his powers in the summer of 1888,”explains Bailey. “He painted the Sunflowers quickly and with great energy and confidence.” Van Gogh wrote to his brother Theo in late August, “I’m painting quickly now, which won’t surprise you when it’s a question of painting large Sunflowers.”
Van Gogh recognized at once that he had created something important and that his sunflowers were so different. As he told Theo in January 1889, while other artists were known for painting other flowers, “The sunflower is mine.” This, in fact, explains the reason for the popularity of Van Gogh’s Sunflowers today.
28. Van Gogh painted sunflowers in 1888 in order to ________.
A. give them to Gauguin B. make his living
C. decorate his house D. show his artistic talent to others
29. Where were the last two Sunflowers placed by Van Gogh? ________.
A. In the British museum B. In Gauguin’s bedroom
C. In the town’s railway station D. In a rich businessman's house
30. How did Gauguin feel about Van Gogh’s painting——the Sunflowers? ________.
A. Very bad B. Just so­so
C. Rather worried D. Quite surprised
31. From the last two paragraphs we can learn that ________.
A. Van Gogh was not good at painting large Sunflowers
B. Van Gogh had much trouble in painting the Sunflowers
C. Van Gogh didn’t like his Sunflowers at all at that time
D. Van Gogh realized the Sunflowers would make him known

D
Ride-sharing services are thought to help to reduce pollution since fewer people use private vehicles and cause carbon dioxide. However, a new study has found that these services result in much more pollution than other kinds of private and public transportation. Ride-sharing trips also draw passengers away from more environmentally-friendly methods of travel, like public transportation, walking or biking, the study found.
Several studies in recent years have suggested that ride-sharing services like Uber and Lyft can worsen traffic problems in cities, which continue to have high rates of private vehicle ownership.
The new study, carried out by the nonprofit group Union of Concerned Scientists, represents an attempt to center on how ride-sharing services affect pollution. The research examined the effects of ride-sharing services on seven of America's largest cities. Overall, the researchers reported that ride-sharing trips now "result in about 69 percent more climate pollution on average than the trips they replace". The study notes that the same passengers could have chosen to travel by bus, train, bike, scooter（小型摩托车）or on foot.
One of the big reasons they give for this result is that ride-sharing vehicles are often driven with no passengers in the car. This happens when drivers are either waiting for rider requests, are on the way to pick up passengers or are driving between pickups.
This situation, known as "deadheading" takes up about 42 percent of the ride-sharing driving activity, the study found. The researchers said that "deadheading" results in about 50 percent more carbon dioxide than one person driving in a private vehicle.
The study urges services like Uber and Lyft to increase the number of electric vehicles on the road and to improve connections to public transportation centers. The two companies already operate businesses that offer electric scooters and bikes and have begun to include public transportation information in their systems. In some cities, they have also promoted vehicle electrification.
32.According to the text, it is generally thought that car-sharing services ______ .
A. lower the price of private cars
B. guarantee a healthier lifestyle
C. greatly cut down travel expenses
D. are environmentally-friendly
33.What is the biggest cause of more ride-sharing pollution？
A. The so-called "deadheading".
B. The old way vehicles travel.
C. The huge number of passengers.
D. The unfamiliar ride-sharing trips.
34.What can we say about the study？
A. It is opposed by ride-sharing services.
B. It is actually of practical significance.
C. It requires improving in the long term.
D. It earns much money for Uber and Lyft.
35.From which part of a newspaper is the text most probably taken？
A. Travel. B. Technology. C. Economy. D. Environment.

第二节 （共5小题，每小题2分，满分10分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
    Some individuals are born with a gift for public speaking.____36___Do you want to be a good public speaker? Here are some principles you must master.
    People want to listen to someone who is interesting, relaxed and comfortable. Too often when you stand up to give a speech, you focus on the "public" at the expense of the" speaking." ___37____ Focus on the speaking. Talk directly to your audience, be yourself and make a connection.
    Even the most successful public speaker will make mistakes. Yet, the only one who cares about any mistake is the one who is speaking. People's attention wanders constantly. In fact, most people only absorb about 20 percent of a speaker's message. So, don't stop speaking when you make a mistake unless it's a truly serious one.___38 __
    Your goal is not to be a perfect public speaker.____39____And like everything else in life, that takes practice. Remember, even world champion athletes practice their skills on a consistent basis.
    ___40_____It's rare to hear someone say, "I wish that speaker had spoken longer. "On the other hand, you probably can't count the times that you've thought, "I'm glad that talk is over. It seemed to go on forever! "So surprise your audience. Always make your presentation just a bit shorter than anticipated. It's better to leave your listeners wishing for more than shifting restlessly in their seats waiting for your speech finally to end.
A. Do the opposite.
B. You want to be an effective public speaker.
C. You don't need to apologize for a minor slip.
D. When it comes to public speaking, less is usually more.
E. The objective of most speeches is to benefit the audience
F. Take the fear out of public speaking by focusing on your listeners
G. However, the majority of people are effective speakers because they train to be.
第三部分：英语知识运用 (共三节，满分55分)
第一节 完形填空（共20小题，每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从1-20各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
The small town of Rjukan in Norway is situated between several mountains and does not get direct sunlight from late September to mid-March- 41  six months out of the year.
    "Of course, we 42  it when the sun is shining," says Karin Ro, who works for the town's tourism office. "We see the sky is 43 , but down in the valley it's darker — it's like on a 44  day.”
    But that 45  when a system of high-tech 46  was introduced to reflect sunlight from neighboring peaks（山峰）into the valley below. Wednesday, residents（居民）of Rjukan 47  their very first ray of winter sunshine: A row of reflective boards on a nearby mountainside were put to 48 . The mirrors are controlled by a computer that   49  them to turn along with the sun throughout the 50  and to close during windy weather. They reflect a concentrated beam（束）of light onto the town's central   51 , creating an area of sunlight roughly 600 square meters. When the light 52 , Rjukan residents gathered together.
"People have been 53  there and standing there and taking 54  of each other," Ro says. "The town square was totally 55 . I think almost all the people in the town were there. "The 3,500 residents cannot all 56  the sunshine at the same time. 57 , the new light feels like more than enough for the town's 58  residents.
    "It's not very 59 ,” she says, "but it is enough when we are 60 .”
41. A. only
B. obviously
C. nearly
D. precisely
42. A. fear
B. believe
C. hear
D. notice
43. A. empty
B. blue
C. high
D. wide
44. A. cloudy
B. normal
C. different
D. warm
45. A. helped
B. changed
C. happened
D. mattered
46. A. computers
B. telescopes
C. mirrors
D. cameras
47. A. remembered
B. forecasted
C. received
D. imagined
48. A. repair
B. risk
C. rest
D. use
49. A. forbids
B. directs
C. predicts
D. follows
50. A. day
B. night
C. month
D. year
51. A. library
B. hall
C. square
D. street
52. A. appeared
B. returned
C. faded
D. stopped
53. A. driving
B. hiding
C. camping
D. siting
54. A. pictures
B. notes
C. care
D. hold
55. A. new
B. full
C. flat
D. silent
56. A. block
B. avoid
C. enjoy
D. store
57. A. Instead
B. However
C. Gradually
D. Similarly
58. A. nature-loving
B. energy-saving
C. weather-beaten
D. sun-starved
59. A. big
B. clear
C. cold
D. easy
60. A. trying
B. waiting
C. watching
D. sharing

第II卷
第三节 语法填空（共10小题，每小题1.5分，满分15分）
To understand how “modern art" began, a little historical background can be helpful. There was a rapidly increasing change in the 19th century. As ____61 _ result of the Industrial Revolution (工业革命), great changes in manufacturing (制造业), transport, and technology began ____62____(affect) how people lived, worked, and traveled throughout Europe and America.
These industry-inspired social changes led to not only greater prosperity (繁荣) but also ___63_____ (crowd) living conditions for most workers. In turn, this led to the demand for the architecture, the demand for applied art and design and the appearance of wealthy businessmen ____64____ became art collectors and supporters. Many of the world's best art museums ____65____(establish) by these successful businessmen in the 19th century.
Besides, two other ____66____ (invent) had a direct effect ___67_____ fine art of the period. First, in 1841, the American painter John Rand invented the tin paint tube. Second, major advances were made in photography (摄影),____68____ (allow) artists to take photos of views which could then help ____69____ (they) paint in the studio at a later date. Both of the developments would ____70____ (great) benefit a new style of painting known as "Impressionism", which would have a huge influence upon how artists painted the world around them.
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分35分）
第一节 短文改错（共10小题，每小题1分，计10分）
71. 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文，文 中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧）并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1）每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2）只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
    Last Saturday, eight students pay a visit from school the knowledge of science and Technology Museum.
    The museum, which main task is to spread the knowledge of science and technology, covers area of 15,000 square meters. The moment when we entered the museum, the exhibition caught their attention. In the museum, we saw the latest progresses in science and technology. Moreover, we did an amazed scientific experiment by ourselves. What appealed for us most was the 4D film which made us feel we were in real events.
    Though the visiting time was slight short, we gained a lot. It is so an instructive activity that we hope more will be organized in the future.
第二节：书面表达 (满分25分)
72.上周五你班举行了一次主题为“Should civil drones (民用无人机) be allowed?”的英语辩论赛。请根据所给提示写一篇短文，介绍此次辩论赛的情况并说说自己的看法，然后发表在你校英语论坛上。
赞成的理由
1. 给生活带来更多便利；
2. 灾难中提供帮助。
反对的理由
1. 可能侵犯个人隐私；
2. 影响公共安全。
你的看法
……
注意：1. 词数100左右，题目已给出，不计入词数；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

齐齐哈尔市第二十四中学校 2020-2021学年度
9月阶段性教学质量检测
英语学科试题（解析版）
说明:本试卷分第I卷和第II卷两部分，满分150分, 考试时间120分钟。
第I卷
第一部分: 听力（共两节20小题，每小题1分，满分20分）
第二部分：阅读理解（共20小题，每题2分，满分40分）
第一节 (共15小题，每小题2分，满分30分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A,B,C和D)中，选出最佳选项。
A
Saturday，March 24th
We have arrived in the hot，wet city of Bangkok. This is our first trip to Thailand. All the different smells make us want to try the food. We are going to eat something special for dinner tonight. The hotel we are staying in is cheap，and very clean. We plan to stay here for a few days，visit some places in the city，and then travel to Chiang Mai in the North.
Tuesday，March 27th
Bangkok is wonderful and surprising. The places are interesting. We visited the famous market which was on the water，and saw a lot of fruits and vegetables. Everything is so colorful，and we have taken hundreds of photos already! Later today we will leave for Chiang Mai. We will take the train north，stay in Chiang Mai for two days，and then catch a bus to Chiang Rai.
Friday，March 30th
Our trip to Chiang Rai was long and boring. We visited a small village in the mountains. The village people here love the quiet life—no computers or phones. They are the kindest people I have ever met. They always smile and say “hello”．Kathy and I can only speak a few words of Thai，so smiling is the best way to show our kindness. I feel good here and hope to be able to come back next year.
21．Which of the following is TRUE?
A．Chiang Mai is a beautiful city in the south of Thailand.
B．The writer left Chiang Mai for Chiang Rai by bus.
C．The writer is traveling alone in Thailand.
D．The writer will take a bus to Chiang Mai.
22．The people in the village of Chiang Rai .
A．are friendly to others B．like speaking English
C．hope to live in the cities D．live a very busy life
23．What is the best title for the whole diary?
A．My First Travel B．The Outside World
C．Traveling in Thailand D．My Trip to Chiang Mai
21．B 22．A 23．C
B
A Virginia teen is doing his part to make sure frontline health care workers are getting the meals they need to help them take care of themselves and others.
Arul Nigam, 17, of Tyson's Corner, Va. , has had to make several adjustments since his school year ended abruptly in mid-March due to the coronavirus pandemic(新冠疫情）。“We didn't have any classes for like over a month and then after that there were a lot of technical difficulties. So I started to have a lot more free time,” he tells Yahoo Life. “It was really saddening, but it was also something that really surprised me, that our health care workers are facing something like that,” Nigam says. “So I wanted to see what I could do to help them because obviously, they're sacrificing so much and giving so much for all of us. ”
In late March, the teen started fundraising efforts with the help of friends and family to help these health care workers receive much-needed meals. He also began doing research about what hospitals had the most amount of coronavirus cases, so he could prioritize those places first. He was also arranging for the orders to be fulfilled at local family-owned restaurants impacted by shutdown orders. So far, Nigam has delivered over 1,000 meals to 22 hospitals in 13 states, including New York, Massachusetts and Maryland.
Nigam's efforts have not only helped health care workers, but restaurants as well. With quarantine restrictions taking a toll on the food industry, places like Best Coast Burrito in Oakland, Calif. , have lost business over the last few weeks. Best Coast's owner,Alvin Shen, tells Yahoo Life that being able to partner with Arul and others in efforts to feed those on the frontline has been a big help.
24．What would Nigam probably do according to his words?
A．Study at home by himself.
B．Spend the more free time playing.
C．Donate some money to health care workers.
D．Do something helpful for health care workers.
25．What is Nigam's priority when delivering food?
A．The urgency of meals.
B．The severity of the virus.
C．The number of doctors.
D．The position of hospitals.
26．What does the phrase “taking a toll on” in the last paragraph mean?
A．Turning a blind eye to.
B．Keeping an eye on.
C．Causing lots of damage to.
D．Answering completely for.
27．Where can you probably read this text?
A．Science fiction.
B．Fashion magazine.
C．Life magazine.
D．Entertainment newspaper.

【答案】
24．D
25．B
26．C
27．C
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一位十七岁的少年在新冠疫情期间为前线的人提供食物所做的努力。
24．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“So I wanted to see what I could do to help them（所以我想看看我能做些什么来帮助他们）”可推断，Nigam会做一些对卫生保健工作者有帮助的事情。故选D。
25．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“He also began doing research about what hospitals had the most amount of coronavirus cases, so he could prioritize those places first.（他还开始研究哪些医院的冠状病毒病例最多，这样他就可以优先考虑这些地方。）”可知，他送食物时优先考虑病毒的严重性。故选B。
26．词义猜测题。根据最后一段中的“have lost business over the last few weeks（在过去几周失去了生意）”可知，新冠疫情限制对食品业造成了很大损失。所以taking a toll on为“造成了很大损失”之意。故选C。
27．推理判断题。文章讲述了一位十七岁的少年在新冠疫情期间，不畏艰辛与危险为医务工作者免费送餐。可推断与生活栏目有关。故选C。


C
Van Gogh painted sunflowers for the first time in the summer of 1886.Two years later, his interest appeared again after he settled in Arles. After he had invited the French artist Paul Gauguin, whom he admired, to join his Studio of the South, he began painting sunflowers to brighten up the whitewashed walls of the yellow house he was living in, not far from the town’s railway station.
Gauguin accepted Van Gogh’s invitation. When he began dragging his heels(脚后跟), Van Gogh painted the last two of the four original Sunflowers for the modest bedroom where his guest would sleep following his arrival that autumn, “Van Gogh saw the Sunflowers for Gauguin’s bedroom as a way of attracting his friend to come from Brittany, “says Bailey.
According to Martin Gayford, “Gauguin was very surprised by the Sunflowers, which he repeatedly praised and asked for as a gift. Years later, Gauguin himself painted some sunflower pictures.”
Van Gogh’s Sunflowers stand for (代表)his relationship with Gauguin. “I think he painted them for the joy of it,” says Jansen. “Van Gogh was at the height of his powers in the summer of 1888,”explains Bailey. “He painted the Sunflowers quickly and with great energy and confidence.” Van Gogh wrote to his brother Theo in late August, “I’m painting quickly now, which won’t surprise you when it’s a question of painting large Sunflowers.”
Van Gogh recognized at once that he had created something important and that his sunflowers were so different. As he told Theo in January 1889, while other artists were known for painting other flowers, “The sunflower is mine.” This, in fact, explains the reason for the popularity of Van Gogh’s Sunflowers today.
28. Van Gogh painted sunflowers in 1888 in order to ________.
A. give them to Gauguin B. make his living
C. decorate his house D. show his artistic talent to others
29. Where were the last two Sunflowers placed by Van Gogh? ________.
A. In the British museum B. In Gauguin’s bedroom
C. In the town’s railway station D. In a rich businessman's house
30. How did Gauguin feel about Van Gogh’s painting——the Sunflowers? ________.
A. Very bad B. Just so­so
C. Rather worried D. Quite surprised
31. From the last two paragraphs we can learn that ________.
A. Van Gogh was not good at painting large Sunflowers
B. Van Gogh had much trouble in painting the Sunflowers
C. Van Gogh didn’t like his Sunflowers at all at that time
D. Van Gogh realized the Sunflowers would make him known
【答案】28. C 29. B 30. D 31. D
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了梵高的绘画作品《向日葵》的创作背景。
【28题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段中的“he began painting sunflowers to brighten up the whitewashed walls of the yellow house he was living in”可知，他画向日葵是为他所居住的黄色房屋的白色粉刷墙壁增添色彩。因此梵高1888年画向日葵是为了装饰他的房子。故选C。
【29题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Gauguin accepted Van Gogh’s invitation. Gogh painted the last two of the four original Sunflowers for the modest bedroom where his guest would sleep following his arrival that autumn”可知，Gauguin接受了梵高的邀请。梵高为那间不起眼的卧室画了四个原始向日葵中的最后两个向日葵，他的客人那个秋天来到后就睡在这个卧室里。可知，梵高把最后两个向日葵画作放在了Gauguin的卧室里。故选B。
【30题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中的“According to Martin Gayford, “Gauguin was very surprised by the Sunflowers, which he repeatedly praised and asked for as a gift.”可知，据Martin Gayford说，Gauguin对向日葵感到非常惊讶，他一再赞美并索要它作为礼物。故选D。
【31题详解】
推理判断题。根据第五段中的“Van Gogh recognized at once that he had created something important and that his sunflowers were so different. This, in fact, explains the reason for the popularity of Van Gogh’s Sunflowers today.”可知，梵高意识到自己创造了一些重要的东西，而他的向日葵是如此的不同。这解释了梵高的向日葵今天流行的原因。因此梵高意识到向日葵会让他出名。故选D。
D
Ride-sharing services are thought to help to reduce pollution since fewer people use private vehicles and cause carbon dioxide. However, a new study has found that these services result in much more pollution than other kinds of private and public transportation. Ride-sharing trips also draw passengers away from more environmentally-friendly methods of travel, like public transportation, walking or biking, the study found.
Several studies in recent years have suggested that ride-sharing services like Uber and Lyft can worsen traffic problems in cities, which continue to have high rates of private vehicle ownership.
The new study, carried out by the nonprofit group Union of Concerned Scientists, represents an attempt to center on how ride-sharing services affect pollution. The research examined the effects of ride-sharing services on seven of America's largest cities. Overall, the researchers reported that ride-sharing trips now "result in about 69 percent more climate pollution on average than the trips they replace". The study notes that the same passengers could have chosen to travel by bus, train, bike, scooter（小型摩托车）or on foot.
One of the big reasons they give for this result is that ride-sharing vehicles are often driven with no passengers in the car. This happens when drivers are either waiting for rider requests, are on the way to pick up passengers or are driving between pickups.
This situation, known as "deadheading" takes up about 42 percent of the ride-sharing driving activity, the study found. The researchers said that "deadheading" results in about 50 percent more carbon dioxide than one person driving in a private vehicle.
The study urges services like Uber and Lyft to increase the number of electric vehicles on the road and to improve connections to public transportation centers. The two companies already operate businesses that offer electric scooters and bikes and have begun to include public transportation information in their systems. In some cities, they have also promoted vehicle electrification.
32.According to the text, it is generally thought that car-sharing services ______ .
A. lower the price of private cars
B. guarantee a healthier lifestyle
C. greatly cut down travel expenses
D. are environmentally-friendly
33.What is the biggest cause of more ride-sharing pollution？
A. The so-called "deadheading".
B. The old way vehicles travel.
C. The huge number of passengers.
D. The unfamiliar ride-sharing trips.
34.What can we say about the study？
A. It is opposed by ride-sharing services.
B. It is actually of practical significance.
C. It requires improving in the long term.
D. It earns much money for Uber and Lyft.
35.From which part of a newspaper is the text most probably taken？
A. Travel. B. Technology. C. Economy. D. Environment.
32-35 DABD

第二节 （共5小题，每小题2分，满分10分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
    Some individuals are born with a gift for public speaking.____36___Do you want to be a good public speaker? Here are some principles you must master.
    People want to listen to someone who is interesting, relaxed and comfortable. Too often when you stand up to give a speech, you focus on the "public" at the expense of the" speaking." ___37____ Focus on the speaking. Talk directly to your audience, be yourself and make a connection.
    Even the most successful public speaker will make mistakes. Yet, the only one who cares about any mistake is the one who is speaking. People's attention wanders constantly. In fact, most people only absorb about 20 percent of a speaker's message. So, don't stop speaking when you make a mistake unless it's a truly serious one.___38 __
    Your goal is not to be a perfect public speaker.____39____And like everything else in life, that takes practice. Remember, even world champion athletes practice their skills on a consistent basis.
    ___40_____It's rare to hear someone say, "I wish that speaker had spoken longer. "On the other hand, you probably can't count the times that you've thought, "I'm glad that talk is over. It seemed to go on forever! "So surprise your audience. Always make your presentation just a bit shorter than anticipated. It's better to leave your listeners wishing for more than shifting restlessly in their seats waiting for your speech finally to end.
A. Do the opposite.
B. You want to be an effective public speaker.
C. You don't need to apologize for a minor slip.
D. When it comes to public speaking, less is usually more.
E. The objective of most speeches is to benefit the audience
F. Take the fear out of public speaking by focusing on your listeners
G. However, the majority of people are effective speakers because they train to be.
【答案】 G；A；C；B；D
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，本文介绍了成为好的演讲者需要掌握的一些原则。
（36）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。本文主题是介绍成为好的演讲者要掌握的一些原则。根据空前“  Some individuals are born with a gift for public speaking.”有些人生来就有演讲的天赋。G. However, the majority of people are effective speakers because they train to be.“然而，大多数人之所以能成为有影响的演讲者，是因为他们受过训练。”与上句转折，引出本文主题--演讲者要训练。故选G。
（37）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空后“Focus on the speaking.”是本段主题，建议演讲者把注意力集中在演讲上。空前提到一种常见现象，当站起来发表演讲时，演讲者往往会把注意力放在”公众”上，而不是”演讲”上。这是错误的做法，A. Do the opposite.承上启下，说明了上句做法的错误，引出了下句正确的做法。故选A。
（38）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。本段提到即使成功的演讲者也会犯错误，观众不会太在意你的错误。根据空前“ So, don't stop speaking when you make a mistake unless it's a truly serious one.”建议当出错时不要停止演讲，除非是非常严重的错误。C. You don't need to apologize for a minor slip.“你不需要为一个小失误道歉。”承接上文，是对待演讲出错的方法。故选C。
（39）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。本段是说明练习的重要性。根据空前“ Your goal is not to be a perfect public speaker.”你的目标不是成为一个完美的演说家，B. You want to be an effective public speaker.与上句衔接，是我们演讲的真正目的。故选B。
（40）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空后“ Always make your presentation just a bit shorter than anticipated.”可知，作者建议让演讲比预期的短一点，给观众更多的期待胜过让他们坐立不安地等待演讲结束。D. When it comes to public speaking, less is usually more.“公开演讲时，通常少就是多。”说明了演讲时，多和少的辩证关系。故选D。
【点评】本题要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。第三部分：英第三部分：语言知识运用 (共二节，满分55分)
第一节 完形填空（共20小题，每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从1-20各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
The small town of Rjukan in Norway is situated between several mountains and does not get direct sunlight from late September to mid-March- 41  six months out of the year.
    "Of course, we 42  it when the sun is shining," says Karin Ro, who works for the town's tourism office. "We see the sky is 43 , but down in the valley it's darker — it's like on a 44  day.”
    But that 45  when a system of high-tech 46  was introduced to reflect sunlight from neighboring peaks（山峰）into the valley below. Wednesday, residents（居民）of Rjukan 47  their very first ray of winter sunshine: A row of reflective boards on a nearby mountainside were put to 48 . The mirrors are controlled by a computer that   49  them to turn along with the sun throughout the 50  and to close during windy weather. They reflect a concentrated beam（束）of light onto the town's central   51 , creating an area of sunlight roughly 600 square meters. When the light 52 , Rjukan residents gathered together.
"People have been 53  there and standing there and taking 54  of each other," Ro says. "The town square was totally 55 . I think almost all the people in the town were there. "The 3,500 residents cannot all 56  the sunshine at the same time. 57 , the new light feels like more than enough for the town's 58  residents.
    "It's not very 59 ,” she says, "but it is enough when we are 60 .”
41. A. only
B. obviously
C. nearly
D. precisely
42. A. fear
B. believe
C. hear
D. notice
43. A. empty
B. blue
C. high
D. wide
44. A. cloudy
B. normal
C. different
D. warm
45. A. helped
B. changed
C. happened
D. mattered
46. A. computers
B. telescopes
C. mirrors
D. cameras
47. A. remembered
B. forecasted
C. received
D. imagined
48. A. repair
B. risk
C. rest
D. use
49. A. forbids
B. directs
C. predicts
D. follows
50. A. day
B. night
C. month
D. year
51. A. library
B. hall
C. square
D. street
52. A. appeared
B. returned
C. faded
D. stopped
53. A. driving
B. hiding
C. camping
D. siting
54. A. pictures
B. notes
C. care
D. hold
55. A. new
B. full
C. flat
D. silent
56. A. block
B. avoid
C. enjoy
D. store
57. A. Instead
B. However
C. Gradually
D. Similarly
58. A. nature-loving
B. energy-saving
C. weather-beaten
D. sun-starved
59. A. big
B. clear
C. cold
D. easy
60. A. trying
B. waiting
C. watching
D. sharing
【答案】 （41）C；（42）D；（43）B；（44）A；（45）B；（46）C；（47）C；（48）D；（49）B；（50）A；（51）C；（52）A；（53）D；（54）A；（55）B；（56）C；（57）B；（58）D；（59）A；（60）D；
【解析】 本文属于记叙文，讲述北欧一个小镇长达半年没有阳光照射，为此在附近的山顶安装了一套镜子设备把阳光反射到小镇的广场。每当光线照射的时候，人们就聚集在广场上，为寒冷的冬季增添一丝明亮。
（41）考查副词辨析。A. only仅仅；B. obviously；显然地；C. nearly几乎；D. precisely精确的。根据前文from late September to mid-March可知，从九月底到三月中旬，差不多半年，故答案为C。
（42）考查动词辨析。A. fear害怕；B. believe相信；C. hear听见；D. notice注意。根据后文 but down in the valley it's darker  可知，我们看到天空是蓝色，但是到山谷的时候，就会变得更暗了，可知，太阳照耀的时候，我们注意到，故答案为D。
（43）考查形容词词义辨析。A. empty空的；B. blue蓝色的；C. high搞得；D. wide宽的。根据常识可知，有太阳的时候，天空是蓝色的，故答案为B。
（44）考查形容词辨析。A. cloudy多云的；B. normal正常的；C. different不同的；D. warm温暖的。根据前文 but down in the valley it's darker 可知，到山谷的时候，天变暗了，像阴天一样，故答案为A。
（45）考查动词辨析。A. helped帮助；B. changed改变；C. happened发生；D. mattered关系重大。根据后文可知，该镇引入一套阳光反射镜来改变这种情况，故答案为B。
（46）考查名词辨析。A. computers电脑；B. telescopes望远镜；C. mirrors镜子；D. cameras相机。根据后文to reflect sunlight from neighboring peaks可知，从附近的山顶上反射太阳光，可知是镜子，故答案为C。
（47）考查动词辨析。A. remembered记得；B. forecasted预报；C. received获得，收到；D. imagined想象。根据句意可知，该镇的居民获得了冬天里的第一缕阳光，故答案为C。
（48）考查名词辨析。A. repair修理；B. risk风险；C. rest    休息；D. use使用。根据前一句their very first ray of winter sunshine可知，获得了冬天的第一缕阳光，是由于反射板投入使用了，put sth to use把某物投入使用。故答案为D。 
（49）考查动词辨析。句意：这些镜子由电脑控制，指导他们整天跟着太阳的位置移动而移动，在大风的天气就自动关闭。A. forbids禁止；B. directs指导，导演；C. predicts预测；D. follows跟随，追随。本句描述这套系统的工作原理，电脑控制镜子的移动，故选B。
（50）考查名词辨析。A. day白天；B. night夜晚；C. month月；D. year年。根据文章可知，太阳光出现在白天，故答案为A。
（51）考查名词辨析。A. library图书馆；B. hall大厅；C. square广场；D. street街道。根据后文The town square可知，镜子反射聚集的光会照在小镇的中心广场上，故答案为C。
（52）考查动词辨析。A. appeared出现；B. returned归还；C. faded褪去；D. stopped停止。根据后文Rjukan residents gathered together可知，当光照出现的时候，居民出来，故答案为A。
（53）考查动词辨析。A. driving驾驶；B. hiding隐藏；C. camping露营；D. sitting坐。根据本句and standing there可知，光照出现的时候，人们会出来活动，坐在那里，站在那里，故答案为D。
（54）考查名词辨析。A. pictures照片，图片；B. notes笔记；C. care照顾；D. hold抓住。根据文章可知，会彼此拍照，故答案为A。
（55）考查形容词辨析。A. new新的；B. full满的；C. flat平坦的；D. silent沉默的。根据后文I think almost all the people in the town were there.可知，差不多全镇的人都在广场上，故可知广场全是人，故答案为B。
（56）考查动词辨析。A. block阻挡；B. avoid避免；C. enjoy喜欢，享受；D. store储存。根据句意可知，并不是3500名居民都能同时享受到太阳光，故答案为C。
（57）考查副词辨析。A. Instead代替；B. However然而；C. Gradually逐渐地；D. Similarly相似地。前一句意思为并不是3500名居民都能同时享受到太阳光，后一句，新的光线为小镇人们的意义不仅仅提供光线，故可知前后句属于转折关系，故答案为B。
（58）考查形容词辨析。A. nature-loving热爱自然的；B. energy-saving节能的；C. weather-beaten受风雨侵蚀的；D. sun-starved渴望阳光的。根据前文可知，小镇差不多半年没有阳光，故可知小镇人们渴望阳光，故答案为D。
（59）考查形容词辨析。A. big大的；B. clear清晰的；C. cold冷的；D. easy容易的。根据前文可知，镜子反射的光线有限，范围不够大，故答案为A。
（60）考查动词辨析。A. trying尝试；B. waiting    等待；C. watching    观看；D. sharing分享。根据句意可知，大家一起晒太阳就足够了，故答案为D。
【点评】这是一篇记叙文，考查词汇在篇章中的运用能力，答题时首先要读懂全文，弄清文章要表达的思想，注意文中前后段落之间的关系。答题中，一定要认真分析，注意选项与上下文的关系，与前后单词的关系。对于一时没有太大的把握的题可以放到最后再来完成，因为有时答案可以从下文内容体现出来。答完后再通读一篇文章，看看所选选项能不能是语句通顺，语意连贯。
第II卷
第二节 语法填空（共10小题，每小题1.5分，满分15分）
To understand how “modern art" began, a little historical background can be helpful. There was a rapidly increasing change in the 19th century. As ____61 _ result of the Industrial Revolution (工业革命), great changes in manufacturing (制造业), transport, and technology began ____62____(affect) how people lived, worked, and traveled throughout Europe and America.
These industry-inspired social changes led to not only greater prosperity (繁荣) but also ___63_____ (crowd) living conditions for most workers. In turn, this led to the demand for the architecture, the demand for applied art and design and the appearance of wealthy businessmen ____64____ became art collectors and supporters. Many of the world's best art museums ____65____(establish) by these successful businessmen in the 19th century.
Besides, two other ____66____ (invent) had a direct effect ___67_____ fine art of the period. First, in 1841, the American painter John Rand invented the tin paint tube. Second, major advances were made in photography (摄影),____68____ (allow) artists to take photos of views which could then help ____69____ (they) paint in the studio at a later date. Both of the developments would ____70____ (great) benefit a new style of painting known as "Impressionism", which would have a huge influence upon how artists painted the world around them.
【答案】 a；to affet /affecting；crowded；who/that；were established；inventions；on；allowing；them；greatly
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了现代艺术的起源和发展历史。
（61）考查冠词。句意：由于工业革命的结果，在制造业、运输和技术方面的巨大变化开始影响人们如何在欧洲和美国生活、工作和旅行的。as a result of ，固定短语，”由于“，故填a。
（62）begin之后可接动词不定式或动词的ing形式作宾语。故填to affet/affecting。
（63）句意：这些受行业启发的社会变化不仅带来了更大的繁荣，而且也导致了大多数工人拥挤的生活条件。修饰后面的名词 conditions，要用形容词。故填crowded。
（64）句意：反过来，这也导致了对建筑的需求，对应用艺术和设计的需求，以及成为艺术收藏家和支持者的富商的出现。分析句子结构可知，空格之后为限定性定语从句，先行词是businessmen，在定语从句中作主语，应用关系代词who或that引导。故填who/that。
（65）句意：许多世界上最好的艺术博物馆是由这些成功的商人在19世纪建立的。establish和主语Many of the world's best art museums构成动宾关系，所以要用被动语态，又因本句的时间状语是 in the 19th century，所以用一般过去时，主语是复数。故填were established。
（66）句意：此外，另外两项发明也对那个时期的美术作品产生了直接的影响。two other 作定语修饰名词，所以要用invent的名词形式，且要变成复数。故填inventions。
（67）have a(an)…effect on…固定短语，“对……有影响”，故填 on。
（68）句意：第二，在摄影方面取得了重大进展，允许艺术家拍摄风景照片，这以后在晚些时候可以帮助他们绘画。通过分析句子结构可知，该部分作状语，且主语与allow为主谓关系，所以填现在分词。故填allowing。
（69）此处作 help的宾语，需要用宾格。故填them。
（70）句意：这两项发展都将大大有利于一种被称为“印象主义”的新绘画风格，这将对艺术家如何绘制他们周围的世界产生巨大影响。修饰动词，应用副词作状语。故填greatly。
【点评】考查语法填空，本题考点涉及冠词，非谓语动词，定语从句，形容词，时态语态，名词，介词，代词以及副词等多个知识点的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。

第四部分 写作（共两节，满分35分）
第一节 短文改错（共10小题，每小题1分，计10分）
71. 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文，文 中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧）并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1）每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2）只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
    Last Saturday, eight students pay a visit from school the knowledge of science and Technology Museum.
    The museum, which main task is to spread the knowledge of science and technology, covers area of 15,000 square meters. The moment when we entered the museum, the exhibition caught their attention. In the museum, we saw the latest progresses in science and technology. Moreover, we did an amazed scientific experiment by ourselves. What appealed for us most was the 4D film which made us feel we were in real events.
    Though the visiting time was slight short, we gained a lot. It is so an instructive activity that we hope more will be organized in the future.
【答案】 ①pay →paid   ②which →whose   ③area前添加an   ④去掉when   ⑤their →our   ⑥progresses →progress   ⑦amazed →amazing   ⑧for →to   ⑨slight →slightly   ⑩so →such
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，记叙了上周六学校八名学生参观中国科技馆的事情。
①考查时态。句意：上周日，我们学校八名学生参观了中国科技馆。本句 pay a visit 这一动作发生在上周日，描述过去某个时间发生的动作应该使用一般过去时。故 pay 改为 paid。
②考查定语从句。此处为定语从句修饰先行词museum，且先行词在从句中做定语，故which改为 whose。
③考查冠词。句意：该博物馆占地面积15,000平方米。即此博物馆拥有15,000平方米的一片区域，此处为泛指，表示数量为一，应该使用不定冠词。且 area 以元音音素开头。故 area 之前添加 an。
④考查连词。the moment 可以用于引导状语从句，相当于连词 as soon as 或 when。故将 when 删除。
⑤考查代词。句意：在我们进入博物馆的那一刻，展览就引起了我们的注意。their 意为"他们的"，此处应该使用 our，意为"我们的"。故 their 改为our。
⑥考查名词。progress 为不可数名词，意为"进步"。故progresses 改为 progress。
⑦考查形容词。amazed 意为"感到惊讶的"，用以修饰人。该句需要修饰 scientific experiment，为物，应该使用 amazing，意为"令人感到惊讶的"。故 amazed 改为 amazing。
⑧考查介词。句意：真正吸引我们的是4D电影，它让我们感觉身临其境。appeal for 固定短语，"恳求，请求"；appeal to 固定短语，"对……有吸引力"。故将 for 替换为 to。
⑨考查副词。slight 为形容词，不可修饰形容词 short，所以应该使用其副词形式 slightly。故 slight 改为 slightly。
⑩考查形容词。so 为副词，不可修饰名词 an instructive activity。此处应该使用 such，such a/an + 形容词 + 可数名词单数为固定搭配，意为"一个如此......的......"。故 so改为 such。
【点评】本题考点涉及时态，定语从句，冠词，连词，代词，名词，形容词，介词以及副词等多个知识点的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，覆盖面广，综合性强，难度较大，区分度高。

第二节：书面表达 (满分25分)
72.上周五你班举行了一次主题为“Should civil drones (民用无人机) be allowed?”的英语辩论赛。请根据所给提示写一篇短文，介绍此次辩论赛的情况并说说自己的看法，然后发表在你校英语论坛上。
赞成的理由
1. 给生活带来更多便利；
2. 灾难中提供帮助。
反对的理由
1. 可能侵犯个人隐私；
2. 影响公共安全。
你的看法
……
注意：1. 词数100左右，题目已给出，不计入词数；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
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写作指导
一、审题定调
本写作任务要求写一篇正反对比的议论文。议论文通过摆事实、讲道理的方式来辨明是非曲直，进而表达作者的观点。写作时要求逻辑严密、 结构清晰、言而有据，同时注意论点和论据之间的逻辑性以及不同论据之间的层次性。
二、谋篇布局
正反对比类议论文一般分为四部分：
第一部分：引出要议论的话题；
第二部分：列举正方观点及其理由；
第三部分：列举反方观点及其理由；
第四部分：表明自己的观点。
三、组织语言
第一部分：引出要议论的话题。
普通表达
★... our class held a debate. The topic was ...
★ Different students had / held different opinions.
★ ... had different attitudes towards this topic.
高级表达
★ ... our class held a debate whose topic was ...
★ Opinions were divided on this topic.
★Opinions fell mainly into two groups.
★ There were different opinions among ... concerning this topic. 
第二部分：列举正方观点及其理由。
普通表达
★ Some of them thought ... could be very  useful.
★Some students agreed with the idea.
★For one reason, ... For another reason, ...
高级表达
 ★ Some students in favour of the idea thought ...
★ Besides / What's more / In addition, they believed / held a belief ...
第三部分：列举反方观点及其理由。
普通表达
★ However, other students didn't agree / held a different view.
★They thought ...
★Besides, ...
高级表达
★On the contrary, others were against it.
★They argued that ...
★What's worse, ...
第四部分：表明自己的观点。
普通表达
★I agree with ...
★In my opinion, ...
高级表达
★Personally / As for me, I'm for ...
★ As far as I'm concerned, I'm in favour of ...
范文展示
普通范文
Last Friday our class held a debate. The topic was “Should civil drones be allowed?”. Different students had different opinions.
Some of them thought civil drones could be very useful. For one reason, they could make our life easier. For example, they could replace delivery men to send goods to us quickly. For another reason, they thought if a disaster happened, civil drones could fly to places that rescue teams couldn't get to and offer help.
However, other students didn't agree. They thought civil drones might watch people secretly anytime and anywhere. Besides, they might influence regular flights and put people in danger.
I agree with the first view. But at the same time, we should find a way to use civil drones properly.
高级范文
Last Friday our class had a debate whose topic was “Should civil drones be allowed?”. Opinions were divided on this topic.
Some students in favour of the idea thought civil drones could bring more convenience to our lives. For instance, they could deliver what we ordered to us instantly, which allowed us not to worry about traffic jams. Besides, they held a belief that in times of disaster, civil drones could arrive at places beyond the reach of rescue teams to give a hand.
On the contrary, others were against it. They argued that civil drones might spy on people. What's worse, they might disturb regular flights and threaten people's lives.
Personally, I'm for the first view. As long as we use civil drones properly, its advantages outweigh its disadvantages