2021慈溪高二下学期期末考试英语试题含解析

这是一份2021慈溪高二下学期期末考试英语试题含解析，共22页。试卷主要包含了5分，满分7等内容，欢迎下载使用。
2020学年第二学期慈溪市高二英语期末试题
第一部分：听力（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7. 5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项， 并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。 每段对话仅读一遍。
1. What are the speakers discussing?
A. Where to go for a school trip.
B. When to see paintings and sculptures.
C. How to get to the art museum.
2. Where does the conversation probably take place?
A. Inside a cinema.
B. Outside a cinema.
C. At home.
3. Why is the man in a hurry?
A. He is eager to have his meal.
B. He has an appointment.
C. He has a train to catch.
4. What was the woman’s job before?
A. A cleaner.
B. A cashier.
C. A shop assistant.
5. What will the speakers do after the baseball game?
A. Eat something.
B. See a movie.
C. Play a game.
第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22. 5分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最 佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. What is the most probable relationship between the speakers?
A. Teacher and student. B. Brother and sister. C. Classmates.
7. What does the man suggest the woman do?
A. Get some rest. B. Study harder. C. Talk to her Dad.
听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
8. What size does the man want?
A. Medium. B. Small. C. Large.
9. How much change should the man get back?
A. $7.05. B. $12.95. C. $20.
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
10. What are the speakers talking about?
A. A part-time job.
B. A gardening business.
C. A new computer.
11. What does the man usually do on weekends?
A. Make charts.
B Make some money.
C. Hang out with friends.
12. What is the man most likely to do after the conversation?
A. Finish his homework.
B. Take the offer.
C. Learn how to garden.
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
13. How does the man feel about Denmark as the happiest country in the world?
A. Interested. B. Surprised. C. Doubtful.
14. Which country probably has the smallest income gap?
A. France. B. Italy. C. Denmark.
15. How does the Danish government use the taxes it collects?
A. To develop a fine food culture.
B. To fund social clubs.
C. To pay for people’s shopping and spending.
16. What matters the most for people in Denmark?
A. Money. B. Natural scenery. C. Friends and family.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17. Who is the speaker most likely to be?
A. A worker.
B. An expert on Stonehenge.
C. A tour guide.
18. How long did it take to build Stonehenge?
A. 1,500 years. B. 30 years. C. 5,000 years.
19. What still remains unknown about Stonehenge?
A. How much the stones weigh.
B. Where the stones came from.
C Why Stonehenge was built.
20. Which may not be the reason for the origin of the Stonehenge?
A. It may be a religious place.
B. It may be a place to perform.
C. It may be a place to observe the stars and planets.
第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分35分）
第一节（共10小题；每小题2.5分，满分25分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Everyone fails from time to time. We try to learn from our mistakes and move on, leaving them behind. But one museum is doing quite the opposite. It’s a showcase (展示)for failures, both famous and forgotten.
Inspired by the Museum of Broken Relationships in Croatia, Samuel West, a psychologist from Sweden, decided to make our silly mistakes public. He founded the Museum of Failure in 2017. Now the museum is hitting the road, with a traveling exhibition in Shanghai from Jan 18 to March 17. The Museum will display over 100 “failed” products from big-name companies such as Nokia, Apple and Coca-Cola.
“I really hope you see that these mega-brands (大牌)that everybody respects screw up too,” West told The New York Times. “I hope that makes you feel less apprehensive (惴惴不安的)about learning something new.”
West’s opinion isn’t new. The famed German-American physicist Albert Einstein once said, “A person who never made a mistake never tried anything new.” This idea has even been embraced (接纳)by big companies in the US. Silicon Valley, for example, is the home of some of the worlds most innovative tech companies. A common slogan is, “Fail fast, fail often.”
However, there are reasons for this. The best companies are those that encourage failure, embrace out-of-the-box thinking and allow employees to make mistakes and see what happens,wrote Simon Casuto of Forbes.
This may lead to carelessness and a lack of effort. Some people are skeptical of this so-called “culture of failure”. They are worried that if failure becomes “a badge (奖章)of honor”，as Wired magazine put it, it may even be seen as “uncool” when someone tries to reduce the risk of failure.
“Sometimes people hide behind failure, when they could have prevented it,” wrote Anna Isaac of The Telegraph.
So it’s important that you set apart the two kinds of failure — the kind that shows laziness or incompetence and the kind that takes you forward. The key is whether you’ve learned something from your mistakes.
1. West founded the Museum of Failure mainly to________.
A. help people avoid failure
B. encourage people to try new things
C. teach people how to learn from failure
D. entertain people with silly products
2. Why are some people against the “culture of failure”？
A. It will lead to lots of impractical ideas.
B. It will cause great waste of resources.
C. It may give people excuses to make less effort.
D. People may fear to try again after failure.
3. What does the author think of failure?
A. All failures deserve respect.
B. The best companies seldom make mistakes.
C. Failure shows lack of effort and ability.
D. Failure is good if it teaches us something.
【答案】1. B 2. C 3. D
【解析】
【分析】本文为议论文。每个人都有失败的时候。我们努力从错误中吸取教训，文章通过例子及名人名言阐述了失败会引领你前进。但是，我们要区分两种失败是很重要的——一种是显示懒惰或无能的失败，另一种是引领你前进的失败。关键在于你是否从错误中吸取了教训。
【1题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段的“I really hope you see that these mega-brands (大牌)that everybody respects screw up too,” West told The New York Times. “I hope that makes you feel less apprehensive (惴惴不安的)about learning something new.”（韦斯特在接受《纽约时报》采访时表示:“我真的希望你们看到，这些大家都尊敬的大品牌也会搞砸。”我希望这能让你对学习新东西不那么担心）可推知，韦斯特建立失败博物馆主要是为了鼓励人们尝试新事物。故选B。
【2题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第三段的“Some people are skeptical of this so-called “culture of failure”. They are worried that if failure becomes “a badge (奖章)of honor”，as Wired magazine put it, it may even be seen as “uncool” when someone tries to reduce the risk of failure.”（有些人对这种所谓的“失败文化”持怀疑态度。他们担心，如果失败成为一种荣誉勋章，正如《连线》杂志所说，当有人试图减少失败的风险时，甚至会被视为不酷）可推知，这可能会给人们提供不那么努力的借口。故选C。
【3题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段的“So it’s important that you set apart the two kinds of failure — the kind that shows laziness or incompetence and the kind that takes you forward. The key is whether you’ve learned something from your mistakes.”（所以区分两种失败是很重要的——一种是显示懒惰或无能的失败，另一种是引领你前进的失败。关键在于你是否从错误中吸取了教训）可知，作者认为失败有两面性，如果利用好，会引领一个人前进。故选D。
B
The impact of the government’s lockdown policy is approaching me. First came the extension of spring break of my university, then the movement of classes online, and then the shutdown of business. About that time, in the middle of March, I shut down too.
I cast about for something to do. The most obvious path was to help with the care of my grandson, Charlie, since his parents were thrown into managing their own work-from-home situations. Almost as a joke, I asked whether Charlie might enjoy learning a little Greek. It was strange that he should have jumped at the chance. I came to teach Greek from 2: 45 to 3: 30 pm, five days a week, to an eight-year-old.
I have been teaching for over 40 years. I have taught adult education and continuing education courses by the score. But teaching Greek to an eight-year-old may be my crowning achievement, which clearly would last long as his interest lasted.
Each letter was an achievement for both of us. To be sure, the zeta eta theta was easy enough to remember. But the end of the alphabet is not so easy, to say nothing of the letter epsilon. After a couple of dozen corrections, I had to decide that elspion was close enough. Along the way there were laughs, and jingles, I would never try in a “normal” classroom.
My husband and Charlie's parents said that our sessions were the highlight of those hard days as well. Charlie was learning a bit of Greek, I was stretching my old skills in a new and beloved direction, and our family got into delight. One of Charlie's first Greek words was the word for joy, char a. I pronounced it loudly, chara! Charlie responded with his own enthusiastic chara, adding, “Chara, that’s what we will have when our society returns to normal!" Yes, darling child, we will have joy then, but we also have it now.
4. How did the author feel about Charlie's agreement?
A. Amused. B. Excited. C. Pleased. D. Astonished.
5. Why does the author refer to “achievement” in paragraphs 3 and 4?
A. To stress the importance of Greek. B. To show she is expert in teaching Greek.
C. To prove Greek is challenging for both. D. To suggest Charlie has a gift for language.
6. What does the author want to convey through this experience?
A. All unpleasant times will finally go away. B. Teaching Charlie lightens their life.
C. It's great to be with family during lockdown. D. Learning languages makes a child happy.
【答案】4. D 5. C 6. B
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在疫情期间教授孙子查理希腊语的经历，描述了他们在学习期间面临的挑战以及这次经历带给作者的感受。
【4题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段中“Almost as a joke, I asked whether Charlie might enjoy learning a little Greek. It was strange that he should have jumped at the chance.(几乎是开玩笑的，我问查理是否喜欢学一点希腊语。真奇怪，他竟然接受了这个机会)”可推知，作者对查理同意学习希腊语感到吃惊。故选D。
【5题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“I have been teaching for over 40 years. I have taught adult education and continuing education courses by the score. But teaching Greek to an eight-year-old may be my crowning achievement, which clearly would last long as his interest lasted.(我已经教书40多年了。我曾多次教授成人教育和继续教育课程。但教一个八岁的孩子希腊语可能是我最高的成就，显然随着他兴趣的持续，我的成就也将持续下去)”以及第四段“Each letter was an achievement for both of us. To be sure, the zeta eta theta was easy enough to remember. But the end of the alphabet is not so easy, to say nothing of the letter epsilon. After a couple of dozen corrections, I had to decide that elspion was close enough. Along the way there were laughs, and jingles, I would never try in a “normal” classroom.(每个字母对我们俩来说都是一个成就。可以肯定的是，Zeta eta theta很容易记住。但字母表的末尾就不那么容易了，更不用说字母epsilon了。经过几十次的纠正，我不得不决定Elspion已经足够接近。一路走来，有笑声，有顺口溜，我在 "正常 "的课堂上是不会尝试的)”可推知，作者在第3和第4段提到“成就”是为了证明希腊语对双方来说都是挑战。故选C。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Charlie was learning a bit of Greek, I was stretching my old skills in a new and beloved direction, and our family got into delight. (查理在学习一点希腊语，我在一个新的、受人喜爱的方向上扩展我的旧技能，我们全家都很高兴)”可推知，作者想通过这次经历传达教查理让他们的生活变得轻松。故选B。
C
By 2035, NASA wants to land humans on Mars. But reaching the red planet, on average around 140 million miles away, will be difficult. Colder than Antarctica and with little to no oxygen, Mars is an unfriendly environment. Besides, the longer it takes astronauts to get there and the longer they stay, the more they are at risk.
That's why scientists are looking at ways to reduce trip time. Seattle-based company Ultra Safe Nuclear Technologies (USNC-TECH) has offered a solution: an NTP engine that could get humans from Earth to Mars in just three months. Such an engine takes advantage of nuclear technology. Currently, the shortest possible trip for an unmanned spacecraft is seven months, but a manned mission is expected to take at least nine months. Shorter missions would limit the astronauts exposure to space radiation, but there is still concern about the radiation sent out from the nuclear reactor inside the spacecraft. This would be mitigated through the rocket's design, which would help ease the scientists’ concern.
To protect people on the ground, the NTP spacecraft would not lift off directly from Earth, Jeff Sheehy, a NASA scientist, adds. Instead, a regular chemical rocket would carry it into orbit, and only then would it fire up its nuclear reactor. Once in orbit, it could do little harm, as heat radiation cannot move through a vacuum(真空). If disaster struck and the rocket’s reactor broke up, pieces would not land on Earth— or any other planet—for thousands of years. By that time, the radioactive substance would have ''naturally got to the point where it wasn’t dangerous anymore”.
Michael Eades, director of engineering at USNC-TECH, says that nuclear-powered rockets would be more powerful and twice as efficient as the chemical engines used today, meaning they could travel further and faster, while burning less fuel. "Nuclear-powered rockets will be key to opening up the solar system but it could be at least two decades before they are used widely,9, he says, adding that numerous demonstrations and tests would need to be carried out before an astronaut is sent to Mars in an NTP rocket.
7. What does the underlined word “mitigated” in paragraph 2 mean?
A. Shortened. B. Relieved.
C. Achieved. D. Simplified.
8. Why is the NTP spacecraft safe according to the text?
A. It barely spreads radiation in orbit.
B. Its radioactive substance will disappear fast.
C. Its broken reactor will be left on Mars.
D. It doesn’t give out nuclear radiation in space.
9. What do Michael Eades’ words indicate about the NTP spacecraft?
A. It will fly to Mars without astronauts for tests.
B. It has been widely used by NASA.
C. It will be a breakthrough in space exploration.
D. It carries more fuel than a regular one.
10. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A. Deep Solar Exploration Is Possible
B. NASA Finds the Only Way for Man to Mars
C. New Rocket Makes the Trip to Mars More Convenient
D. New Technology Flies Man to Space Faster
【答案】7. B 8. A 9. C 10. D
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了新技术火箭将能更快地将人类送往宇宙。
【7题详解】
词句猜测题。根据上文“Shorter missions would limit the astronauts exposure to space radiation, but there is still concern about the radiation sent out from the nuclear reactor inside the spacecraft.（较短的任务将限制宇航员暴露在空间辐射中，但人们仍然担心宇宙飞船内的核反应堆发出的辐射。）”和文章第三段“Instead, a regular chemical rocket would carry it into orbit, and only then would it fire up its nuclear reactor. Once in orbit, it could do little harm, as heat radiation cannot move through a vacuum(真空).( 相反，一个常规的化学火箭将把它送入轨道，然后它才会启动它的核反应堆。一旦进入轨道，它几乎不会造成伤害，因为热辐射无法通过真空。)”可知，划线词所在句子的意思是：这将通过火箭的设计减轻，这将有助于缓解科学家的担忧。mitigated意为“减轻”。故选B。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第三段“To protect people on the ground, the NTP spacecraft would not lift off directly from Earth,… Once in orbit, it could do little harm, as heat radiation cannot move through a vacuum(真空).（美国国家航空航天局的科学家杰夫·希伊补充说，为了保护地面上的人们，NTP飞船不会直接从地球起飞。相反，一个常规的化学火箭将把它送入轨道，然后它才会启动它的核反应堆。一旦进入轨道，它几乎不会造成什么伤害，因为热辐射无法通过真空。）”可知，因为它在轨道上几乎不扩散辐射。故选A。
【9题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Michael Eades, director of engineering at USNC-TECH, says that nuclear-powered rockets would be more powerful and twice as efficient as the chemical engines used today, meaning they could travel further and faster, while burning less fuel.（USNC-TECH的工程主任迈克尔·伊德斯(Michael Eades)说，核动力火箭将比现在使用的化学发动机更强大，效率是现在的两倍，这意味着它们可以飞得更远更快，同时燃烧更少的燃料。）”可推知，他的话表明这将是太空探索的一个突破。故选C。
10题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“By 2035, NASA wants to land humans on Mars.（到2035年，美国宇航局希望人类能登陆火星。）”和文章第二段“That's why scientists are looking at ways to reduce trip time. Seattle-based company Ultra Safe Nuclear Technologies (USNC-TECH) has offered a solution: an NTP engine that could get humans from Earth to Mars in just three months.（这就是为什么科学家们正在寻找减少旅行时间的方法。总部位于西雅图的超安全核技术公司(USNC-TECH)提供了一个解决方案:一个NTP引擎，可以让人类在短短三个月内从地球到火星。）”以及文章最后一段“Michael Eades, director of engineering at USNC-TECH, says that nuclear-powered rockets would be more powerful and twice as efficient as the chemical engines used today, meaning they could travel further and faster, while burning less fuel.（USNC-TECH的工程主任迈克尔·伊德斯(Michael Eades)说，核动力火箭将比现在使用的化学发动机更强大，效率是现在的两倍，这意味着它们可以飞得更远更快，同时燃烧更少的燃料。）”可知，文章主要介绍了核动力火箭将能更快地将人类送往宇宙。故短文的最佳标题为“新技术火箭将能更快地将人类送往宇宙”。故选D。
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
It may be hard to choose the right gift for aging parents, grandparents or loved ones. Elderly people have more than likely received a lifetime of gifts already. Also, they often have different ideas of what a valuable gift may be. ____11____
If you are buying gifts for old relatives, travel gear is a great option. Traveling can be uncomfortable for anyone. ____12____Choose gifts that will help the elderly family members travel in comfort. They will be thankful that the trip will be a little bit easier.
Giving gifts that help your elderly loved ones exercise is an excellent way. ____13____ Your loved ones aging joints will benefit from items designed to help seniors keep active. These gift options cater to the specific challenges old people face when they exercise.
____14____ If old adults in your life enjoy having company over, find tools that will help make it easier for your loved ones to host social gatherings. If your loved ones enjoy cooking, use that as inspiration for your gift idea. If they prefer games, find something in that field.
Seniors who seem to have everything are an especially tough crowd when it comes to giving gifts. For old adults in your life who you struggle to find gifts for, the answer may lie in taking a more personalized approach. ____15____ For example, many grandparents will love photograph albums that record a favorite memory or a family event.
A. It shows that you care about their health.
B. Here we have some great gift ideas for you.
C. Seniors may face unique challenges while flying or taking a train.
D. They can play an important role in strengthening your relationship.
E. Different seniors might have different attitudes towards receiving gifts.
F. Prepare unusual gifts that will make their life easier and more enjoyable.
G. Finding gifts for old family members with special hobbies seems less challenging.
【答案】11. B 12. C 13. A 14. G 15. F
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了一些给长辈和老人送礼物的建议。
【11题详解】
根据上文“It may be hard to choose the right gift for aging parents, grandparents or loved ones. Elderly people have more than likely received a lifetime of gifts already. Also, they often have different ideas of what a valuable gift may be.(为年迈的父母、祖父母或所爱的人选择合适的礼物可能很难。老年人很可能已经收了一生的礼物。此外，他们对什么是有价值的礼物往往有不同的看法)”结合后文介绍了给长辈老人送礼的方法，故B选项“这里我们有一些很棒的礼物想法给你”符合语境，故选B。
【12题详解】
根据上文“If you are buying gifts for old relatives, travel gear is a great option. Traveling can be uncomfortable for anyone.(如果你要给年老的亲戚买礼物，旅行装备是一个很好的选择。旅行对任何人来说都是不舒服的)”以及后文“Choose gifts that will help the elderly family members travel in comfort. They will be thankful that the trip will be a little bit easier.(选择能让年长的家庭成员在旅途中感到舒适的礼物。他们会感谢这次旅行能轻松一点)”可知，本段主要是关于送旅途中能够用到的装备作为礼物，故C选项“老年人在乘飞机或乘火车时可能面临独特的挑战”符合语境，故选C。
【13题详解】
根据上文“Giving gifts that help your elderly loved ones exercise is an excellent way.(送帮助你敬爱的人锻炼身体的礼物是一个极好的方法)”可知，上文提到送敬爱的人锻炼身体的礼物是好方法，本句应承接上文说明这背后的意义：这表明你关心他们的健康。故A选项“这表明你关心他们的健康”符合语境，故选A。
【14题详解】
根据后文“If old adults in your life enjoy having company over, find tools that will help make it easier for your loved ones to host social gatherings. If your loved ones enjoy cooking, use that as inspiration for your gift idea. If they prefer games, find something in that field.(如果你生活中的老年人喜欢有人陪伴，那就找一些工具，让你的亲人更容易举办社交聚会。如果你爱的人喜欢烹饪，那就把烹饪作为你送礼物的灵感。如果他们更喜欢游戏，那就在这个领域找到一些东西)”可知，本段主要是关于给有特殊爱好的老人准备礼物的建议，故G选项“为有特殊爱好的老家庭成员寻找礼物似乎不那么困难”符合语境，故选G。
【15题详解】
根据上文“Seniors who seem to have everything are an especially tough crowd when it comes to giving gifts. For old adults in your life who you struggle to find gifts for, the answer may lie in taking a more personalized approach.(似乎什么都有的老年人在送礼方面尤其挑剔。对于生活中那些你一直在努力为之寻找礼物的老人，答案可能在于采取一种更个性化的方法)”以及后文“For example, many grandparents will love photograph albums that record a favorite memory or a family event.(例如，许多祖父母喜欢用相册来记录最喜欢的记忆或家庭事件)”可知，本段提到了送挑剔老人更加个性化的礼物，即准备不寻常的礼物，故F选项“准备不寻常的礼物，让他们的生活更轻松、更愉快”符合语境，故选F。
第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分4f?分）
第一节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
“I have no idea what to get you this New Year,” my husband Larry said. I ____16____ with a knowing smile as the same ____17____ to me in finding him something. ____18____ we like remembering each other with gifts on holiday, we had reached the ____19____ in lives where we didn’t need more things. Actually, we were ____20____, clearing out and getting rid of unneeded stuff.
Then an online article was ____21____. It was about schools having to turn away some children from receiving ____22____ for they had no money to pay. And a thought ____23____ me. “Let’s each give money to the school for our presents,” I said ____24____ the article with Larry. “Great idea. It's also a _____25_____ to pay it forward,—to offer our kindness and love,” Larry smiled.
When our children were small, Larry and I were _____26_____, losing sources of income. During the hard time, we _____27_____ to pay any bill. It wasn't easy for us to ask for help, as we’d been brought up on principles of _____28_____. Someone then offered a hand.
Now that we were in much more _____29_____ circumstances, we could give back. I visited our local elementary school, and explained we'd like to help children who couldn’t _____30_____ their lunches. The receptionist looked first _____31_____ and then pleased. She _____32_____ me to the cafeteria to talk with the head there. The lady taking _____33_____ accepted our gift of cash with thanks. “This will make a big _____34_____ to so many children,she said.
_____35_____ there weren't as many presents in our room, but it was one of our best New Years.
16. A. interrupted B. complained C. left D. responded
17. A. related B. returned C. applied D. appealed
18. A. Because B. While C. If D. Unless
19. A. stage B. balance C. agreement D. edge
20. A. passing down B. handing out C. cutting back D. laying off
21. A. in demand B. in view C. on record D. on trial
22. A. support B. education C. books D. meals
23. A. struck B. inspired C. troubled D. changed
24. A. analyzing B. praising C. sharing D. commenting
25. A. reminder B. chance C. promise D. reason
26. A. unemployed B. disconnected C. sick D. alone
27. A. managed B. intended C. refused D. failed
28. A. independence B. generosity C. responsibility D. insistence
29. A. special B. similar C. comfortable D. complex
30. A. cook B. provide C. reserve D. afford
31. A. touched B. surprised C. excited D. worried
32. A. directed B. waved C. represented D. followed
33. A. advantage B. charge C. action D. notice
34. A. decision B. priority C. difference D. push
35. A. Probably B. Hopefully C. Generally D. Obviously
【答案】16. D 17. C 18. B 19. A 20. C 21. B 22. D 23. A 24. C 25. B 26. A 27. D 28. A 29. C 30. D 31. B 32. A 33. B 34. C 35. D
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。记叙了作者夫妇在新年来临之际，决定不再给对方买礼物，因为他们现在正在践行“断 舍 离”的生活方式。最终他们想到一个有意义的方式，就是给在学校买不起午餐的孩子提供午餐券。他们曾经也接受过别人的帮助，他们认为这一次回馈使这个新年过的更有意义。
【16题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我会意地笑了笑做出回应，因为这也适用于我，我给他买东西也这样。A. interrupted打断；B. complained抱怨；C. left离开；D. responded回答，回应。前面丈夫对我说，不知道给我买什么新年礼物，我用会意的微笑对丈夫的话做出回应。故选D项。
【17题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我会意地笑了笑做出回应，因为这也适用于我，我给他买东西也这样。A. related与…有关；B. returned返回，归还；C. applied运用，适用于；D. appealed呼吁，对…有吸引力。丈夫表示不知道买什么新年礼物，会意的笑表明我也有同样的困扰。短语apply to…，表示“适用于…”符合语境。故选C项。
【18题详解】
考查连词词义辨析。句意：虽然我们喜欢在节日里用礼物纪念对方，但我们已经达到了生活中不需要更多东西的阶段。A. Because因为；B. While虽然；当…时候； C. If假如；是否；D. Unless除非。从句表示我们喜欢节日送给爱人礼物，主句表示我们现阶段生活中已经不缺什么必需品。转折关系明显。故选B项。
【19题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：虽然我们喜欢在节日里用礼物纪念对方，但我们已经达到了生活中不需要更多东西的阶段。A. stage舞台；阶段时期；B. balance平衡；C. agreement一致，协议；D. edge边缘。根据空前的reached，及空后where引导的定语从句可知，该空需要一个抽象地点名词，生活到达了一个…的阶段。故选A项。
【20题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：事实上，我们在削减开支，清理和处理不需要的东西。A. passing down传递；B. handing out 分发；C. cutting back 削减，减少开支；D. laying off 下岗解雇。由上文“we had reached the __stage___ in lives where we didn’t need more things.( 但我们已经达到了生活中不需要更多东西的阶段)”可知，我们不想在往家里买东西，实际上，家里现有的东西，还想处理掉不必要的东西，削减开支。故选C项。
【21题详解】
考查介词短语辨析。句意：然后一篇网络文章被进入我的视线。A. in demand需要；B. in view进入视野范围内，被看到；C. on record公开发表；D. on trial在试验中；在审理中。这里指我在网上看到一篇文章。故选B项。
【22题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是关于学校不得不拒绝给一些孩子提供伙食——因为他们没有钱支付。A. support支持；B. education教育；C. books书；D. meals餐饭。根据下文第15空句子“explained we'd like to help children who couldn’t afford__ their lunches.( 并解释说我们愿意帮助那些买不起午餐的孩子们)”可知，是有些孩子没钱交午餐费，学校拒绝给这些孩子提供饭吃。故选D项。
【23题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我突然有了一个想法。A. struck打动，袭击； B. inspired激励鼓舞；C. troubled打扰，麻烦；D. changed改变。strike的用法：sth. struck sb. 或者It struck sb. that…表示“某人突然想到…”符合语境，这里指我突然想到的想法，作为新年礼物。故选A项。
【24题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意： “让我们每个人都把买礼物的钱给学校吧，”我和拉里分享这篇文章时说。A. analyzing分析；B. praising夸奖赞扬；C. sharing分享；D. commenting评论。我读到这篇文章，并且有了一个好的想法，应该是和丈夫分享文章，告诉他自己的好主意。故选C项。
【25题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意： “好主意。这也是一个传递爱心的机会——传递我们的善良和爱，”拉里微笑着说。A. reminder提醒；B. chance机会；C. promise 诺言；D. reason理由。下一段解释说，我们多年前日子过得艰难得到过好心人的帮助，现在是回报社会的机会。故选B项。
【26题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当我们的孩子还小的时候，拉里和我失业了，失去了收入来源。A. unemployed失业的；B. disconnected分离的；不连贯的；C. sick生病的；D. alone独自的，单独的。根据空后“losing sources of income.(失去了收入来源)”可知，我们是失业的。故选A项。
【27题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在那段艰难的日子里，我们付不起任何账单。A. managed设法做到；经营管理；B. intended 打算；C. refused拒绝；D. failed失败。fail to do …没能做成某事。我们失业，日子艰难，应该是付不起账单。故选D项。
【28题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：寻求帮助对我们来说并不容易，因为我们是在独立的原则下长大的。 A. independence 独立；B. generosity慷慨；C. responsibility责任；D. insistence坚持，强调；坚决主张。不愿意寻求帮助，应该是家长的培养原则是独立，不给别人添麻烦。故选A项。
【29题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：现在我们有了更舒适的环境，我们可以回馈社会了。A. special特殊的；B. similar类似的；C. comfortable舒适的；D. complex复杂的。现在我们有能力帮助别人了，应该是日子过得很好了。故选C项。
【30题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我参观了我们当地的小学，并解释说我们愿意帮助那些买不起午餐的孩子们。A. cook煮饭；B. provide提供；C. reserve预留，保护；D. afford买得起。根据第七空句子“It was about schools having to turn away some children from receiving __7____ for they had no money to pay.( 这是关于学校不得不拒绝给一些孩子提供伙食——因为他们没有钱支付)”可知，我就是因为读到一篇文章说，有些孩子交不起饭钱而吃不到饭，所以现在才来到学校表示愿意资助交不起午餐费用的孩子。故选D项。
【31题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：接待员先是惊讶，然后很高兴。A. touched感动的；B. surprised惊讶的；C. excited激动的；D. worried着急的。既然学校有不少孩子吃不上午饭，应该是很少有人捐款，我们来给孩子捐钱，接待员先是有些意外惊讶，后来很开心。故选B项。
【32题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：她带我到自助餐厅去那里和领导交谈。A. directed指挥指导；B. waved挥手；C. represented代表；D. followed追随，跟随。然后接待员带领我去和领导商谈具体事宜，应该是带路。故选A项。
【33题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：负责此事的那位女士感谢地接受了我们的现金礼物。A. advantage优势；B. charge掌管负责；收费；起诉；C. action行动；D. notice通知。短语take charge表示“负责，掌管”，此处做lady的后置定语，符合语境。故选B项。
【34题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：她说，这将给这么多孩子带来很大变化。A. decision 决定；. priority优先；优先权；C. difference影响。差异；D. push推动。动词短语make a difference表示“有影响”，此处指我们的捐款会对孩子的生活起到好的影响。故选C项。
【35题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：显然，我们房间里没有那么多礼物，但这是我们最好的新年之一。A. Probably可能，也许；B. Hopefully希望； C. Generally一般来说；D. Obviously显然。开头，我们夫妇二人很发愁，给对方买什么新年礼物，不愿往家里乱买东西，想过极简生活，可是，新年之时又想有些仪式感，纪念一下。最后决定把各自想买礼物的钱捐给吃不起学校午餐的孩子，家里没有添乱，有很有意义。很显然我们很满意。故选D项。
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
Chinese archaeologists announced Saturday ____36____ new major discovery has been made at the legendary Sanxingdui Ruins Site. This site ____37____ archaeologists recently have found six new sacrificial pits (祭祀坑) and unearthed (出土) more than 500 items ____38____ (date) back to 3,000 years ago lies in Sichuan Province and was first found in 1929. So far, ____39____ (vary) cultural items ____40____ (unearth) from four of the pits, including pieces of gold masks, gold foil, bronze masks, bronze trees, ivory and jade. The rest of the ____41____ (new) discovered pits are still under excavation(开发).
Covering 12 square km, the relics site, ____42____ (locate) in the city of Guanghan, about 60 km from Chengdu, is believed to be the remnants of the Shu Kingdom. In the process of excavation, archaeologists made full use ____43____ modem technologies ____44____(ensure) the safety of the relics and sound management of relevant data and material. The project featured scientific cooperation and a _____45_____ (combine) of archaeology with conservation and research.
【答案】36. a 37. where
38. dating 39. various
40. have been unearthed
41. newly 42. located
43. of 44. to ensure
45. combination
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇新闻报道。中国考古学家周六宣布，在传奇的三星堆遗址有一项新的重大发现。文章主要介绍了这项发现的一些情况。
【36题详解】
考查冠词。句意：中国考古学家周六宣布，在传奇的三星堆遗址有一项新的重大发现。discovery为可数名词，此处表泛指应用不定冠词，且new是发音以辅音音素开头的单词，应用a。故填a。
【37题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：该遗址位于四川省，于1929年首次被发现，考古学家最近在这里发现了6个新的祭祀坑，并出土了500多件物品，其历史可追溯到3000年前。此处为定语从句修饰先行词site，先行词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导。故填where。
【38题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：该遗址位于四川省，于1929年首次被发现，考古学家最近在这里发现了6个新的祭祀坑，并出土了500多件物品，其历史可追溯到3000年前。分析句子结构可知date在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语items构成主动关系，故应用现在分词作定语。故填dating。
【39题详解】
考查形容词。句意：到目前为止，在其中的四个坑中已经出土了各种各样的文化物品，包括黄金面具、金箔、青铜面具、青铜树、象牙和玉器。修饰后文名词items应用形容词various，作定语。故填various。
【40题详解】
考查动词时态语态。句意：到目前为止，在其中的四个坑中已经出土了各种各样的文化物品，包括黄金面具、金箔、青铜面具、青铜树、象牙和玉器。根据上文So far可知用现在完成时，主语与谓语动词构成被动关系，故用现在完成时的被动语态，主语为items，助动词用have。故填have been unearthed。
【41题详解】
考查副词。句意：其他新发现的坑洞仍在挖掘中。修饰后文形容词discovered应用副词newly，作状语。故填newly。
【42题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：位于广汉市的该遗址，距离成都约60公里，占地12平方公里，被认为是蜀国的残余。结合句意表示“位于……”可知短语为be located in，此处省略be动词，用过去分词作定语。故填located。
【43题详解】
考查介词。句意：在发掘过程中，考古学家充分利用现代技术，确保了文物的安全，并对相关数据资料进行了良好的管理。结合句意表示“充分利用”可知短语为make full use of。故填of。
【44题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：在发掘过程中，考古学家充分利用现代技术，确保了文物的安全，并对相关数据资料进行了良好的管理。分析句子结构可知ensure在句中应用非谓语动词形式，此处作目的状语，应用不定式。故填to ensure。
【45题详解】
考查名词。句意：该项目以科学合作为特色，将考古学与保护和研究相结合。空处作宾语，表示“结合”应用名词combination，冠词a提示用单数。故填combination。
第四部分写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节应用文写作（满分15分）
46. 假定你是李华，你的加拿大网友James因玩手机浪费了过多的闲暇时间，给你发来邮件求助。请你根据如下要点，给他回一封邮件：
1.愿意帮助；
2指出危害；
3.给出建议。
Dear James,
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear James,
I’m sorry to hear that playing with the phone takes up most of your leisure time. I’m eager to help you out of trouble.
Spending much time on phones has a great deal of harm. Obviously, your eyesight may fail. Besides, phones will distract your attention and your academic performance will suffer. There’s indeed something you can do to get rid of this problem. Why not try something meaningful in your spare time? You can read some books that are intended for you or join in some volunteer work. It’s also a good idea to work out for physical fitness or hang out with your friends.
I do hope my suggestions can help you get back on track.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给加拿大网友James写封邮件，指出过度玩手机的危害并给出建议。
【详解】1.词汇积累
空闲时间：spare time→leisure time
许多：a lot of→a great deal of
加入：take part in→join in
建议：advice→suggestion
2.句式拓展
合并简单句
原句：Spending much time on phones has a great deal of harm. Obviously, your eyesight may fail.
拓展句：Spending much time on phones has a great deal of harm, which may cause your eyesight fail.
【点睛】[高分句型1] I’m sorry to hear that playing with the phone takes up most of your leisure time. (运用了that引导宾语从句)
[高分句型2] Spending much time on phones has a great deal of harm. (运用了动名词作主语)
第二节概要写作（满分25分）
47. 阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇 60 词左右的内容概要。
We probably know that smoking is bad for our health. But what about e-cigarettes? Introduced as a "less-harmful or safer" alternative to smoking, e-cigarettes or "vaping" has gained increasing popularity. However, the Chinese government released a notice to ban the online sales of e-cigarettes from Nov. 1st and further reduce the young's access to the products.
This means that e-cigarette makers have to close their online stores and take down online advertisements for e-cigarettes. So far, some e-cigarette firms have closed sales links on their websites, and more than a dozen online stores have removed related products, Xinhua reported. This is not the first government measure to limit the use of e-cigarettes. In August 2018, e-cigarettes were banned from sale to people under the age of 18.
Research has shown that e-cigarette companies tend to target young people with their advertising campaigns, according to the State Tobacco Monopoly Administration. It's found that many firms have been misleading young buyers with messages like, "E-cigarettes could help you quit smoking," and, "E-cigarettes are healthy and harmless." Some even claim that vaping symbolizes "young," "fashionable" and "trendy" to attract the young. Michael Blaha, a researcher at the Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Heart Disease, also mentioned that a lower per-use cost than traditional cigarettes and a wide range of sweet flavors, like apple pie and watermelon, contribute to vaping's popularity among young people.
However, e-cigarettes contain nicotine(though not always), flavorings, and other chemicals, they are harmful to health. Taking in nicotine during youth can lead to addiction and cause long-term harm to brain development. Flavorings added to e-cigarettes can produce more harmful toxins after heating. Thus, it is advisable that the young should limit the exposure to e-cigarettes.
【答案】The Chinese government banned e-cigarettes from selling online sales，which means that online stores and online advertisements for e-cigarettes are forbidden.  Researchhas shown that advertising campaigns of e-cigarette companies aim at young people . However，e-cigarettes contain substances which are harmful to health. Therefore， what is advised is that teenagers should not expose themselves to e-cigarettes.
【解析】
【分析】本篇考察的作文类型是概要写作。
【详解】文章的主要结构为总-分-总。主要讲中国政府禁止电子烟在网上销售，这意味着电子烟的网店和网络广告将被禁止。符合概要写作常规出题思路。第一段给出文章主旨：政府禁止网上销售电子烟，减少年轻人接触的机会。可以用到的词汇或句型有：ban; sell online sales等。第二段讲述这意味着腰关闭网上商店，撤下广告。可以用到的词汇或句式有：mean；online stores ，advertisement，forbid等。第三段主要电子香烟的广告主要以年轻人为目标。可以用到的词汇或句式有：advertising company；aim at等等。第四段讲了电子烟对年轻人健康的危害，年轻人不应该接触电子吸烟。可以用到的词汇或句式有：contain，be harmful to；advise；expose to等。
【点睛】【高分句型1】：The Chinese government banned e-cigarettes from selling online sales，meaning that online stores and online advertisements for e-cigarettes are forbidden. （中国政府禁止电子烟在网上销售，这意味着电子烟的网店和网络广告将被禁止。）使用了现在分词作状语。
【高分句型2】It is suggested that e-cigarettes shouldn’t be exposed to the teenagers。（建议青少年不要接触电子烟）是用来主语从句，it作形式主语，被动语态和虚拟语气。